Test 2: Ecology Version B INSTRUCTIONS: DO NOT WRITE ON EXAM Some questions (c) 2015 by Region 10 Educational Service Center. Some questions (c) 2015 by TEKS Resource System. Page 2 GO ON 1 The diagram below represents the nitrogen cycle in a student’s aquarium. Ammonia, nitrites, and, to a lesser degree, nitrates can be harmful to fish. The student wants to keep the nitrogen in this aquarium cycling normally without having to continually change the water. Which of the following should the student add more of to help remove nitrates and improve the natural cycling of nitrogen in this aquarium? A Fish B Plants C Nitrobacter D Water 2 A hypothesis must always be F proven right or proven wrong How should students properly dispose of any leftover iodine solution from the primary investigation? G obeyed as a law A Pour it down the drain H justified in the data B Drop it in the trash can J C observed for data 3 Follow the teacher’s instructions D Pour it back into the container Page 3 GO ON 4 If new information brought about by new technology disproves a theory, what will happen to the theory? F Nothing, theories are always right. G The theory will no longer exist. H The theory will be modified to fit the new information. J 5 7 Which of the following is true for a scientific theory? A capable of making valid predictions B generalization supported by experimentation C can obtain repeatable results D aAll the above The theory will become a hypothesis. Which material should be disposed of after a lab, rather than being reused or recycled? A Test tube that had held salt water B Cotton swab used to collect cheek cells C Scalpel used to dissect plant specimens D Large opened bottle of rubbing alcohol 6 Which of the following represents a factor that limits a population and is dependent on the population density? I. disease II. resource availability III. competition IV. weather patterns F I & III G II & IV H I, II, & III J I, II, III, & IV Page 4 GO ON 8 A terrestrial food web is shown below. Which of the following lists only organisms that are secondary consumers in this food web? F Mice, rabbits, herbivorous insects, and squirrels G Predaceous insects, toads, spiders, and foxes H Spiders, foxes, owls, hawks, and snakes J Insectivorous birds, seed-eating birds, owls, and hawks 9 Science uses evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process. As new technology is created, physical, mathematical, and conceptual models sometimes are changed. Why is this? A The new technology may uncover more in-depth and accurate information than what was previously understood by scientists. B Science only allows certain ideas to be studied based on the evidence of their findings. The changes in theory that are made are based solely on these ideas. C The world is dynamicÍž as it changes, so do scientific beliefs. D Each new generation of scientists has different ideas. Experiments and the thoughts behind the experiments from past scientists are usually not considered important. Page 5 GO ON 10 The 1988 fires of Yellowstone National Park cleared large areas of vegetation, leaving nothing but soil intact. When life returns to a previously established community such as Yellowstone, this process is – F primary succession G biodiversity 12 An example of a situation in which an organism produces energy that is used by another organism is the relationship between a primary consumer and a – F bird G mammal H plant J fish H secondary succession J speciation 13 11 Which of the following affects the growth of a population regardless of density? Which of these organisms provides the most energy in a typical forest ecosystem? A birds B lynx A forest fires C moose B competition D trees C amount of space for shelter D availability of water Page 6 GO ON 14 In an energy pyramid constructed for this food web, the least amount of energy would be contained in the trophic level with the – F ferns G lynx H owls J squirrels Page 7 GO ON 15 When barnacles attach themselves to a whale, the whale is not usually positively or negatively affected. The movement of the water past the swimming whale carries food particles to the barnacles. This situation is an 17 Why are food chains so short, rarely going higher than through 4-5 organisms instead of 8 or more trophic levels? A The digestive systems of carnivores cannot handle foods in a example of – widely varied diet. A commensalism B The number of species available for consumption is very limited in most ecosystems. B mutualism C parasitism C D predation 16 There is a species of ant that takes care of a species of aphid and protects the aphids from predators. The ants drink the sweet liquid that is produced by the aphids. This situation is an example of – F commensalism G mutualism There is too little energy left at higher trophic levels to make consumption worthwhile. D There are just not enough animals present in ecosystems for really long food chains. 18 Which cycle would be affected to the greatest extent by the destruction of the Earth’s huge rainforests? F water cycle G carbon cycle H parasitism J predation H nitrogen cycle J Page 8 None of these is greatly affected. GO ON 19 Which statement would best explain why the carbon cycle is often referred to as the carbon-oxygen cycle? 20 A Plants take in oxygen and combine it with carbon and hydrogen to make carbohydrates. B Carbon is usually found in the atmosphere combined with oxygen as carbon dioxide. C Oxygen is never found in the atmosphere in any form except as carbon dioxide. D Animals cycle carbon by taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen in respiration. Page 9 Which organism would be found in the tertiary, or fourth level, of the biomass pyramid above? F elephant G rhinoceros H oak tree J mountain lion GO ON 21 In this simplified nitrogen cycle, which organism converts unusable nitrogen into a usable form? A Organism 1 B Organism 2 C Organism 3 D Organism 4 Page 10 GO ON 22 If organism 1 removes carbon from the abiotic atmosphere storage bank and brings it into the biotic ecosystem, it would best be described as a – F producer G herbivore H carnivore J decomposer Page 11 GO ON 23 Which of the following is a correct graphical representation of the organizational levels of a biological system? A B C D Page 12 GO ON 24 Which statement would best explain why the carbon cycle is often referred to as the carbon-oxygen cycle? Which diagram best represents the energy pyramid for a tropical rainforest? F Plants take in oxygen and combine it with carbon and hydrogen to make carbohydrates. F G Carbon is usually found in the atmosphere combined with oxygen as carbon dioxide. G H Oxygen is never found in the atmosphere in any form except as carbon dioxide. J 25 26 Animals cycle carbon by taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen in respiration. H J When testing a hypothesis, what type of data can be taken? A sounds B smells C visual observations D all the above Page 13 BE SURE YOU HAVE RECORDED ALL OF YOUR ANSWERS ON YOUR ANSWER DOCUMENT STOP
