APPENDIX
P R O P E R T Y TA B L E S A N D
CHARTS (SI UNITS)
Table A–1
Table A–2
Table A–3
Table A–4
Table A–5
Table A–6
Table A–7
Table A–8
Figure A–9
Figure A–10
Table A–11
Table A–12
Table A–13
Figure A–14
Figure A–15
Table A–16
Table A–17
Table A–18
Table A–19
Table A–20
Table A–21
Table A–22
Table A–23
Table A–24
Table A–25
Table A–26
Table A–27
Table A–28
Figure A–29
Figure A–30
Figure A–31
Table A–32
Table A–33
Table A–34
1
Molar mass, gas constant, and critical-point properties 898
Ideal-gas specific heats of various common gases 899
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods 902
Saturated water—Temperature table 904
Saturated water—Pressure table 906
Superheated water 908
Compressed liquid water 912
Saturated ice–water vapor 913
T-s diagram for water 914
Mollier diagram for water 915
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table 916
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table 917
Superheated refrigerant-134a 918
P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a 920
Nelson–Obert generalized compressibility chart 921
Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude 922
Ideal-gas properties of air 923
Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 925
Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 927
Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 929
Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO 931
Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2 933
Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O 934
Ideal-gas properties of monatomic oxygen, O 936
Ideal-gas properties of hydroxyl, OH 936
Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and
absolute entropy at 258C, 1 atm 937
Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons 938
Natural logarithms of the equilibrium constant Kp 939
Generalized enthalpy departure chart 940
Generalized entropy departure chart 941
Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure 942
One-dimensional isentropic compressible-flow functions for an
ideal gas with k 5 1.4 943
One-dimensional normal-shock functions for an ideal gas
with k 5 1.4 944
Rayleigh flow functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4 945
897
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898
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 1
Molar mass, gas constant, and critical2point properties
Substance
Formula
Air
Ammonia
Argon
Benzene
Bromine
n2Butane
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon tetrachloride
Chlorine
Chloroform
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R212)
Dichlorofluoromethane (R221)
Ethane
Ethyl alcohol
Ethylene
Helium
n2Hexane
Hydrogen (normal)
Krypton
Methane
Methyl alcohol
Methyl chloride
Neon
Nitrogen
Nitrous oxide
Oxygen
Propane
Propylene
Sulfur dioxide
Tetrafluoroethane (R2134a)
Trichlorofluoromethane (R211)
Water
Xenon
—
NH3
Ar
C6H6
Br2
C4H10
CO2
CO
CCl4
Cl2
CHCl3
CCl2F2
CHCl2F
C2H6
C2H5OH
C2H4
He
C6H14
H2
Kr
CH4
CH3OH
CH3Cl
Ne
N2
N2O
O2
C3H8
C3H6
SO2
CF3CH2F
CCl3F
H2O
Xe
Molar mass,
M kg/kmol
28.97
17.03
39.948
78.115
159.808
58.124
44.01
28.011
153.82
70.906
119.38
120.91
102.92
30.070
46.07
28.054
4.003
86.179
2.016
83.80
16.043
32.042
50.488
20.183
28.013
44.013
31.999
44.097
42.081
64.063
102.03
137.37
18.015
131.30
Gas
constant,
R kJ/kg·K*
0.2870
0.4882
0.2081
0.1064
0.0520
0.1430
0.1889
0.2968
0.05405
0.1173
0.06964
0.06876
0.08078
0.2765
0.1805
0.2964
2.0769
0.09647
4.1240
0.09921
0.5182
0.2595
0.1647
0.4119
0.2968
0.1889
0.2598
0.1885
0.1976
0.1298
0.08149
0.06052
0.4615
0.06332
Critical-point properties
Temperature,
K
132.5
405.5
151
562
584
425.2
304.2
133
556.4
417
536.6
384.7
451.7
305.5
516
282.4
5.3
507.9
33.3
209.4
191.1
513.2
416.3
44.5
126.2
309.7
154.8
370
365
430.7
374.2
471.2
647.1
289.8
Pressure,
MPa
Volume,
m3/kmol
3.77
11.28
4.86
4.92
10.34
3.80
7.39
3.50
4.56
7.71
5.47
4.01
5.17
4.48
6.38
5.12
0.23
3.03
1.30
5.50
4.64
7.95
6.68
2.73
3.39
7.27
5.08
4.26
4.62
7.88
4.059
4.38
22.06
5.88
0.0883
0.0724
0.0749
0.2603
0.1355
0.2547
0.0943
0.0930
0.2759
0.1242
0.2403
0.2179
0.1973
0.1480
0.1673
0.1242
0.0578
0.3677
0.0649
0.0924
0.0993
0.1180
0.1430
0.0417
0.0899
0.0961
0.0780
0.1998
0.1810
0.1217
0.1993
0.2478
0.0560
0.1186
*The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kPa·m3/kg·K. The gas constant is calculated from R 5 Ru /M, where Ru 5 8.31447 kJ/kmol·K and M is the
molar mass.
Source of Data: K. A. Kobe and R. E. Lynn, Jr., Chemical Review 52 (1953), pp. 117–236; and ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals
(Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air2Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993), pp. 16.4 and 36.1.
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APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 2
Ideal2gas specific heats of various common gases
(a) At 300 K
Gas
Formula
Air
Argon
Butane
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Ethane
Ethylene
Helium
Hydrogen
Methane
Neon
Nitrogen
Octane
Oxygen
Propane
Steam
—
Ar
C4H10
CO2
CO
C2H6
C2H4
He
H2
CH4
Ne
N2
C8H18
O2
C3H8
H2O
Gas constant, R
kJ/kg·K
0.2870
0.2081
0.1433
0.1889
0.2968
0.2765
0.2964
2.0769
4.1240
0.5182
0.4119
0.2968
0.0729
0.2598
0.1885
0.4615
cp
kJ/kg·K
cv
kJ/kg·K
1.005
0.5203
1.7164
0.846
1.040
1.7662
1.5482
5.1926
14.307
2.2537
1.0299
1.039
1.7113
0.918
1.6794
1.8723
0.718
0.3122
1.5734
0.657
0.744
1.4897
1.2518
3.1156
10.183
1.7354
0.6179
0.743
1.6385
0.658
1.4909
1.4108
k
1.400
1.667
1.091
1.289
1.400
1.186
1.237
1.667
1.405
1.299
1.667
1.400
1.044
1.395
1.126
1.327
Note: The unit kJ/kg·K is equivalent to kJ/kg·8C.
Source of Data: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics, 3rd ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000).
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PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 2
Ideal2gas specific heats of various common gases (Continued)
(b) At various temperatures
Temperature,
K
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
1000
cp
kJ/kg·K
cv
kJ/kg·K
k
Air
1.003
1.005
1.008
1.013
1.020
1.029
1.040
1.051
1.063
1.075
1.087
1.099
1.121
1.142
0.716
0.718
0.721
0.726
0.733
0.742
0.753
0.764
0.776
0.788
0.800
0.812
0.834
0.855
cp
kJ/kg·K
14.051
14.307
14.427
14.476
14.501
14.513
14.530
14.546
14.571
14.604
14.645
14.695
14.822
14.983
9.927
10.183
10.302
10.352
10.377
10.389
10.405
10.422
10.447
10.480
10.521
10.570
10.698
10.859
k
Carbon dioxide, CO2
1.401
1.400
1.398
1.395
1.391
1.387
1.381
1.376
1.370
1.364
1.359
1.354
1.344
1.336
0.791
0.846
0.895
0.939
0.978
1.014
1.046
1.075
1.102
1.126
1.148
1.169
1.204
1.234
Hydrogen, H2
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
900
1000
cv
kJ/kg·K
0.602
0.657
0.706
0.750
0.790
0.825
0.857
0.886
0.913
0.937
0.959
0.980
1.015
1.045
1.314
1.288
1.268
1.252
1.239
1.229
1.220
1.213
1.207
1.202
1.197
1.193
1.186
1.181
cp
kJ/kg·K
1.039
1.039
1.041
1.044
1.049
1.056
1.065
1.075
1.086
1.098
1.110
1.121
1.145
1.167
0.742
0.743
0.744
0.747
0.752
0.759
0.768
0.778
0.789
0.801
0.813
0.825
0.849
0.870
k
Carbon monoxide, CO
1.039
1.040
1.043
1.047
1.054
1.063
1.075
1.087
1.100
1.113
1.126
1.139
1.163
1.185
Nitrogen, N2
1.416
1.405
1.400
1.398
1.398
1.397
1.396
1.396
1.395
1.394
1.392
1.390
1.385
1.380
cv
kJ/kg·K
0.743
0.744
0.746
0.751
0.757
0.767
0.778
0.790
0.803
0.816
0.829
0.842
0.866
0.888
1.400
1.399
1.398
1.395
1.392
1.387
1.382
1.376
1.370
1.364
1.358
1.353
1.343
1.335
Oxygen, O2
1.400
1.400
1.399
1.397
1.395
1.391
1.387
1.382
1.376
1.371
1.365
1.360
1.349
1.341
0.913
0.918
0.928
0.941
0.956
0.972
0.988
1.003
1.017
1.031
1.043
1.054
1.074
1.090
0.653
0.658
0.668
0.681
0.696
0.712
0.728
0.743
0.758
0.771
0.783
0.794
0.814
0.830
1.398
1.395
1.389
1.382
1.373
1.365
1.358
1.350
1.343
1.337
1.332
1.327
1.319
1.313
Source of Data: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw2Hill, 1983), p. 783, Table A–4M. Originally published in Tables of Thermal
Properties of Gases, NBS Circular 564, 1955.
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APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 2
Ideal2gas specific heats of various common gases (Concluded)
(c) As a function of temperature
_
cp 5 a 1 bT 1 cT 2 1 dT 3
(T in K, cp in kJ/kmol·K)
Substance
Formula
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Air
Hydrogen
Carbon
monoxide
Carbon
dioxide
Water vapor
Nitric oxide
Nitrous oxide
Nitrogen
dioxide
Ammonia
Sulfur
Sulfur
dioxide
Sulfur
trioxide
Acetylene
Benzene
Methanol
Ethanol
Hydrogen
chloride
Methane
Ethane
Propane
n2Butane
i2Butane
n2Pentane
n2Hexane
Ethylene
Propylene
N2
O2
—
H2
28.90
25.48
28.11
29.11
CO
28.16
CO2
H2O
NO
N2O
22.26
5.981 3
32.24
0.1923 3
29.34 20.09395 3
24.11
5.8632 3
NO2
NH3
S2
22.9
27.568
27.21
SO2
25.78
SO3
C2H2
C6H6
CH4O
C2H6O
HCl
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C2H4
C3H6
a
16.40
21.8
236.22
19.0
19.9
b
c
273–1800
273–1800
273–1800
273–1800
0.59
1.19
0.72
1.01
0.34
0.28
0.33
0.26
0.5372 3 1025
22.222 3 1029
273–1800
0.89
0.37
1022
1022
1022
1022
23.501 3 1025
1.055 3 1025
0.9747 3 1025
23.562 3 1025
7.469
23.595
24.187
10.58
1029
1029
1029
1029
273–1800
273–1800
273–1500
273–1500
0.67
0.53
0.97
0.59
0.22
0.24
0.36
0.26
5.715 3 1022
2.5630 3 1022
2.218 3 1022
23.52 3 1025
0.99072 3 1025
21.628 3 1025
7.87 3 1029
26.6909 3 1029
3.986 3 1029
273–1500
273–1500
273–1800
0.46
0.91
0.99
0.18
0.36
0.38
5.795 3 1022
23.812 3 1025
8.612 3 1029
273–1800
0.45
0.24
3
3
3
3
22
0.1675 3 1022
14.58
9.2143
48.475
9.152
20.96
0.8081
20.7155
0.4802
0.4003
d
1029
1029
1029
1029
20.1571
1.520
0.1967
20.1916
10
1022
1022
1022
% error
Temperature
range, K
Max. Avg.
3
3
3
3
10
1025
1025
1025
25
22.873
1.312
21.966
20.8704
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1022
1022
1022
1022
1022
211.20
26.527
231.57
21.22
210.38
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
32.42
18.21
77.62
28.039
20.05
3
3
3
3
3
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
273–1300
273–1500
273–1500
273–1000
273–1500
0.29
1.46
0.34
0.18
0.40
0.13
0.59
0.20
0.08
0.22
30.33
20.7620 3 1022
19.89
5.024 3 1022
6.900
17.27 3 1022
24.04
30.48 3 1022
3.96
37.15 3 1022
27.913
41.60 3 1022
6.774
45.43 3 1022
6.938
55.22 3 1022
3.95
15.64 3 1022
3.15
23.83 3 1022
1.327
1.269
26.406
215.72
218.34
223.01
222.46
228.65
28.344
212.18
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
24.338
211.01
7.285
31.74
35.00
49.91
42.29
57.69
17.67
24.62
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
1029
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
273–1500
0.22
1.33
0.83
0.40
0.54
0.25
0.56
0.72
0.54
0.73
0.08
0.57
0.28
0.12
0.24
0.13
0.21
0.20
0.13
0.17
3
3
3
3
3
Source of Data: B. G. Kyle, Chemical and Process Thermodynamics (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice2Hall, 1984).
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 901
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PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A– 3
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods
(a) Liquids
Boiling data at 1 atm
Substance
Normal
boiling
point, 8C
Ammonia
233.3
Latent heat of
vaporization
hfg , kJ/kg
1357
Freezing
point, 8C
277.7
Latent heat
of fusion
hif , kJ/kg
322.4
Argon
Benzene
Brine (20% sodium
chloride by mass)
n2Butane
Carbon dioxide
Ethanol
Ethyl alcohol
Ethylene glycol
Glycerine
Helium
Hydrogen
Isobutane
Kerosene
Mercury
Methane
103.9
20.5
278.4*
78.2
78.6
198.1
179.9
2268.9
2252.8
211.7
204–293
356.7
2161.5
—
385.2
230.5 (at 08C)
838.3
855
800.1
974
22.8
445.7
367.1
251
294.7
510.4
217.4
2138.5
256.6
2114.2
2156
210.8
18.9
—
2259.2
2160
224.9
238.9
2182.2
109
108
181.1
200.6
—
59.5
105.7
—
11.4
58.4
Methanol
Nitrogen
64.5
2195.8
1100
198.6
297.7
2210
99.2
25.3
124.8
306.3
257.5
180.7
2218.8
13.7
2187.7
80.0
Octane
Oil (light)
Oxygen
Petroleum
Propane
2185.9
80.2
2183
—
242.1
Refrigerant2134a
226.1
Water
100
161.6
394
Freezing data
212.7
230–384
427.8
217.0
2257
2189.3
5.5
296.6
0.0
28
126
—
80.3
—
333.7
Liquid properties
Temperature,
8C
Density
r, kg/m3
Specific
heat
cp, kJ/kg·K
233.3
220
0
25
2185.6
20
682
665
639
602
1394
879
4.43
4.52
4.60
4.80
1.14
1.72
20
20.5
0
25
20
20
20
2268.9
2252.8
211.7
20
25
2161.5
2100
25
2195.8
2160
20
25
2183
20
242.1
0
50
250
226.1
0
25
0
25
50
75
100
1150
601
298
783
789
1109
1261
146.2
70.7
593.8
820
13,560
423
301
787
809
596
703
910
1141
640
581
529
449
1443
1374
1295
1207
1000
997
988
975
958
3.11
2.31
0.59
2.46
2.84
2.84
2.32
22.8
10.0
2.28
2.00
0.139
3.49
5.79
2.55
2.06
2.97
2.10
1.80
1.71
2.0
2.25
2.53
3.13
1.23
1.27
1.34
1.43
4.22
4.18
4.18
4.19
4.22
* Sublimation temperature. (At pressures below the triple2point pressure of 518 kPa, carbon dioxide exists as a solid or gas. Also, the freezing2point
temperature of carbon dioxide is the triple2point temperature of 256.58C.)
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APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 3
Properties of common liquids, solids, and foods (Concluded )
(b) Solids (values are for room temperature unless indicated otherwise)
Density,
r kg/m3
Substance
Specific heat,
cp kJ/kg·K
Density,
r kg/m3
Substance
Metals
Nonmetals
Aluminum
200 K
250 K
300 K
350 K
400 K
450 K
500 K
Bronze (76% Cu, 2% Zn,
2% Al)
Brass, yellow (65% Cu,
35% Zn)
Copper
21738C
21008C
2508C
08C
278C
1008C
2008C
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Nickel
Silver
Steel, mild
Tungsten
Asphalt
Brick, common
Brick, fireclay (5008C)
Concrete
Clay
Diamond
Glass, window
Glass, pyrex
Graphite
Granite
Gypsum or plaster board
Ice
200 K
220 K
240 K
260 K
273 K
Limestone
Marble
Plywood (Douglas Fir)
Rubber (soft)
Rubber (hard)
Sand
Stone
Woods, hard (maple, oak, etc.)
Woods, soft (fir, pine, etc.)
8,280
0.797
0.859
0.902
0.929
0.949
0.973
0.997
0.400
8,310
0.400
2,700
0.254
0.342
0.367
0.381
0.386
0.393
0.403
0.45
0.128
1.000
0.440
0.235
0.500
0.130
8,900
7,840
11,310
1,730
8,890
10,470
7,830
19,400
Specific heat,
cp kJ/kg·K
2110
1922
2300
2300
1000
2420
2700
2230
2500
2700
800
0.920
0.79
0.960
0.653
0.920
0.616
0.800
0.840
0.711
1.017
1.09
921
1650
2600
545
1100
1150
1520
1500
721
513
1.56
1.71
1.86
2.01
2.11
0.909
0.880
1.21
1.840
2.009
0.800
0.800
1.26
1.38
(c) Foods
Food
Specific heat,
kJ/kg·K
Water
content,
% (mass)
Freezing
point, 8C
84
75
67
90
16
39
80
74
74
74
63
21.1
20.8
—
20.6
—
210.0
21.8
22.8
20.6
20.6
25.6
Apples
Bananas
Beef round
Broccoli
Butter
Cheese, swiss
Cherries
Chicken
Corn, sweet
Eggs, whole
Ice cream
Latent
heat of
Above
Below
fusion,
freezing freezing kJ/kg
3.65
3.35
3.08
3.86
—
2.15
3.52
3.32
3.32
3.32
2.95
1.90
1.78
1.68
1.97
1.04
1.33
1.85
1.77
1.77
1.77
1.63
281
251
224
301
53
130
267
247
247
247
210
Food
Lettuce
Milk, whole
Oranges
Potatoes
Salmon fish
Shrimp
Spinach
Strawberries
Tomatoes, ripe
Turkey
Watermelon
Water
content,
% (mass)
95
88
87
78
64
83
93
90
94
64
93
Specific heat,
kJ/kg·K
Freezing
point, 8C
Above
freezing
Below
freezing
Latent
heat of
fusion,
kJ/kg
20.2
20.6
20.8
20.6
22.2
22.2
20.3
20.8
20.5
—
20.4
4.02
3.79
3.75
3.45
2.98
3.62
3.96
3.86
3.99
2.98
3.96
2.04
1.95
1.94
1.82
1.65
1.89
2.01
1.97
2.02
1.65
2.01
317
294
291
261
214
277
311
301
314
214
311
Source of Data: Values are obtained from various handbooks and other sources or are calculated. Water content and freezing2point data of foods are from
ASHRAE, Handbook of Fundamentals, SI version (Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air2Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1993),
Chapter 30, Table 1. Freezing point is the temperature at which freezing starts for fruits and vegetables, and the average freezing temperature for other
foods.
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 903
11/29/13 9:52 AM
904
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 4
Saturated water—Temperature table
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Temp.,
T 8C
Sat.
press.,
Psat kPa
0.01
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/kg·K
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
liquid,
uf
Evap.,
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
hf
Evap.,
hfg
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat.
liquid,
sf
Sat.
Evap., vapor,
sfg
sg
0.6117
0.8725
1.2281
1.7057
2.3392
0.001000
0.001000
0.001000
0.001001
0.001002
206.00
147.03
106.32
77.885
57.762
0.000
21.019
42.020
62.980
83.913
2374.9
2360.8
2346.6
2332.5
2318.4
2374.9
2381.8
2388.7
2395.5
2402.3
0.001
21.020
42.022
62.982
83.915
2500.9
2489.1
2477.2
2465.4
2453.5
2500.9
2510.1
2519.2
2528.3
2537.4
0.0000
0.0763
0.1511
0.2245
0.2965
9.1556
8.9487
8.7488
8.5559
8.3696
9.1556
9.0249
8.8999
8.7803
8.6661
3.1698
4.2469
5.6291
7.3851
9.5953
0.001003
0.001004
0.001006
0.001008
0.001010
43.340
32.879
25.205
19.515
15.251
104.83
125.73
146.63
167.53
188.43
2304.3
2290.2
2276.0
2261.9
2247.7
2409.1
2415.9
2422.7
2429.4
2436.1
104.83
125.74
146.64
167.53
188.44
2441.7
2429.8
2417.9
2406.0
2394.0
2546.5
2555.6
2564.6
2573.5
2582.4
0.3672
0.4368
0.5051
0.5724
0.6386
8.1895
8.0152
7.8466
7.6832
7.5247
8.5567
8.4520
8.3517
8.2556
8.1633
50
55
60
65
70
12.352
15.763
19.947
25.043
31.202
0.001012
0.001015
0.001017
0.001020
0.001023
12.026
9.5639
7.6670
6.1935
5.0396
209.33
230.24
251.16
272.09
293.04
2233.4
2219.1
2204.7
2190.3
2175.8
2442.7
2449.3
2455.9
2462.4
2468.9
209.34
230.26
251.18
272.12
293.07
2382.0
2369.8
2357.7
2345.4
2333.0
2591.3
2600.1
2608.8
2617.5
2626.1
0.7038
0.7680
0.8313
0.8937
0.9551
7.3710
7.2218
7.0769
6.9360
6.7989
8.0748
7.9898
7.9082
7.8296
7.7540
75
80
85
90
95
38.597
47.416
57.868
70.183
84.609
0.001026
0.001029
0.001032
0.001036
0.001040
4.1291
3.4053
2.8261
2.3593
1.9808
313.99
334.97
355.96
376.97
398.00
2161.3
2146.6
2131.9
2117.0
2102.0
2475.3
2481.6
2487.8
2494.0
2500.1
314.03
335.02
356.02
377.04
398.09
2320.6
2308.0
2295.3
2282.5
2269.6
2634.6
2643.0
2651.4
2659.6
2667.6
1.0158
1.0756
1.1346
1.1929
1.2504
6.6655
6.5355
6.4089
6.2853
6.1647
7.6812
7.6111
7.5435
7.4782
7.4151
100
105
110
115
120
101.42
120.90
143.38
169.18
198.67
0.001043
0.001047
0.001052
0.001056
0.001060
1.6720
1.4186
1.2094
1.0360
0.89133
419.06
440.15
461.27
482.42
503.60
2087.0
2071.8
2056.4
2040.9
2025.3
2506.0
2511.9
2517.7
2523.3
2528.9
419.17
440.28
461.42
482.59
503.81
2256.4
2243.1
2229.7
2216.0
2202.1
2675.6
2683.4
2691.1
2698.6
2706.0
1.3072
1.3634
1.4188
1.4737
1.5279
6.0470
5.9319
5.8193
5.7092
5.6013
7.3542
7.2952
7.2382
7.1829
7.1292
125
130
135
140
145
232.23
270.28
313.22
361.53
415.68
0.001065
0.001070
0.001075
0.001080
0.001085
0.77012
0.66808
0.58179
0.50850
0.44600
524.83
546.10
567.41
588.77
610.19
2009.5
1993.4
1977.3
1960.9
1944.2
2534.3
2539.5
2544.7
2549.6
2554.4
525.07
546.38
567.75
589.16
610.64
2188.1
2173.7
2159.1
2144.3
2129.2
2713.1
2720.1
2726.9
2733.5
2739.8
1.5816
1.6346
1.6872
1.7392
1.7908
5.4956
5.3919
5.2901
5.1901
5.0919
7.0771
7.0265
6.9773
6.9294
6.8827
150
155
160
165
170
476.16
543.49
618.23
700.93
792.18
0.001091
0.001096
0.001102
0.001108
0.001114
0.39248
0.34648
0.30680
0.27244
0.24260
631.66
653.19
674.79
696.46
718.20
1927.4
1910.3
1893.0
1875.4
1857.5
2559.1
2563.5
2567.8
2571.9
2575.7
632.18
653.79
675.47
697.24
719.08
2113.8
2098.0
2082.0
2065.6
2048.8
2745.9
2751.8
2757.5
2762.8
2767.9
1.8418
1.8924
1.9426
1.9923
2.0417
4.9953
4.9002
4.8066
4.7143
4.6233
6.8371
6.7927
6.7492
6.7067
6.6650
175
180
185
190
195
200
892.60
1002.8
1123.5
1255.2
1398.8
1554.9
0.001121
0.001127
0.001134
0.001141
0.001149
0.001157
0.21659
0.19384
0.17390
0.15636
0.14089
0.12721
740.02
761.92
783.91
806.00
828.18
850.46
1839.4
1820.9
1802.1
1783.0
1763.6
1743.7
2579.4
2582.8
2586.0
2589.0
2591.7
2594.2
741.02
763.05
785.19
807.43
829.78
852.26
2031.7
2014.2
1996.2
1977.9
1959.0
1939.8
2772.7
2777.2
2781.4
2785.3
2788.8
2792.0
2.0906
2.1392
2.1875
2.2355
2.2831
2.3305
4.5335
4.4448
4.3572
4.2705
4.1847
4.0997
6.6242
6.5841
6.5447
6.5059
6.4678
6.4302
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 904
11/29/13 9:52 AM
905
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 4
Saturated water—Temperature table (Concluded )
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Temp.,
T 8C
Sat.
press.,
Psat kPa
205
210
215
220
225
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
liquid,
uf
Evap.,
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
hf
1724.3
1907.7
2105.9
2319.6
2549.7
0.001164
0.001173
0.001181
0.001190
0.001199
0.11508
0.10429
0.094680
0.086094
0.078405
872.86
895.38
918.02
940.79
963.70
1723.5
1702.9
1681.9
1660.5
1638.6
2596.4
2598.3
2599.9
2601.3
2602.3
874.87
897.61
920.50
943.55
966.76
230
235
240
245
250
2797.1
3062.6
3347.0
3651.2
3976.2
0.001209
0.001219
0.001229
0.001240
0.001252
0.071505
0.065300
0.059707
0.054656
0.050085
986.76
1010.0
1033.4
1056.9
1080.7
1616.1
1593.2
1569.8
1545.7
1521.1
2602.9
2603.2
2603.1
2602.7
2601.8
255
260
265
270
275
4322.9
4692.3
5085.3
5503.0
5946.4
0.001263
0.001276
0.001289
0.001303
0.001317
0.045941
0.042175
0.038748
0.035622
0.032767
1104.7
1128.8
1153.3
1177.9
1202.9
1495.8
1469.9
1443.2
1415.7
1387.4
280
285
290
295
300
6416.6
6914.6
7441.8
7999.0
8587.9
0.001333
0.001349
0.001366
0.001384
0.001404
0.030153
0.027756
0.025554
0.023528
0.021659
1228.2
1253.7
1279.7
1306.0
1332.7
305
310
315
320
325
9209.4
9865.0
10,556
11,284
12,051
0.001425
0.001447
0.001472
0.001499
0.001528
0.019932
0.018333
0.016849
0.015470
0.014183
330
335
340
345
350
12,858
13,707
14,601
15,541
16,529
0.001560
0.001597
0.001638
0.001685
0.001741
355
360
365
370
373.95
17,570
18,666
19,822
21,044
22,064
0.001808
0.001895
0.002015
0.002217
0.003106
Entropy,
kJ/kg·K
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat.
liquid,
sf
Sat.
Evap., vapor,
sfg
sg
1920.0
1899.7
1878.8
1857.4
1835.4
2794.8
2797.3
2799.3
2801.0
2802.2
2.3776
2.4245
2.4712
2.5176
2.5639
4.0154
3.9318
3.8489
3.7664
3.6844
6.3930
6.3563
6.3200
6.2840
6.2483
990.14
1013.7
1037.5
1061.5
1085.7
1812.8
1789.5
1765.5
1740.8
1715.3
2802.9
2803.2
2803.0
2802.2
2801.0
2.6100
2.6560
2.7018
2.7476
2.7933
3.6028
3.5216
3.4405
3.3596
3.2788
6.2128
6.1775
6.1424
6.1072
6.0721
2600.5
2598.7
2596.5
2593.7
2590.3
1110.1
1134.8
1159.8
1185.1
1210.7
1689.0
1661.8
1633.7
1604.6
1574.5
2799.1
2796.6
2793.5
2789.7
2785.2
2.8390
2.8847
2.9304
2.9762
3.0221
3.1979
3.1169
3.0358
2.9542
2.8723
6.0369
6.0017
5.9662
5.9305
5.8944
1358.2
1328.1
1296.9
1264.5
1230.9
2586.4
2581.8
2576.5
2570.5
2563.6
1236.7
1263.1
1289.8
1317.1
1344.8
1543.2
1510.7
1476.9
1441.6
1404.8
2779.9
2773.7
2766.7
2758.7
2749.6
3.0681
3.1144
3.1608
3.2076
3.2548
2.7898
2.7066
2.6225
2.5374
2.4511
5.8579
5.8210
5.7834
5.7450
5.7059
1360.0
1387.7
1416.1
1445.1
1475.0
1195.9
1159.3
1121.1
1080.9
1038.5
2555.8
2547.1
2537.2
2526.0
2513.4
1373.1
1402.0
1431.6
1462.0
1493.4
1366.3
1325.9
1283.4
1238.5
1191.0
2739.4
2727.9
2715.0
2700.6
2684.3
3.3024
3.3506
3.3994
3.4491
3.4998
2.3633
2.2737
2.1821
2.0881
1.9911
5.6657
5.6243
5.5816
5.5372
5.4908
0.012979
0.011848
0.010783
0.009772
0.008806
1505.7
1537.5
1570.7
1605.5
1642.4
993.5
945.5
893.8
837.7
775.9
2499.2
2483.0
2464.5
2443.2
2418.3
1525.8
1559.4
1594.6
1631.7
1671.2
1140.3
1086.0
1027.4
963.4
892.7
2666.0
2645.4
2622.0
2595.1
2563.9
3.5516
3.6050
3.6602
3.7179
3.7788
1.8906
1.7857
1.6756
1.5585
1.4326
5.4422
5.3907
5.3358
5.2765
5.2114
0.007872
0.006950
0.006009
0.004953
0.003106
1682.2
1726.2
1777.2
1844.5
2015.7
706.4
625.7
526.4
385.6
0
2388.6
2351.9
2303.6
2230.1
2015.7
1714.0
1761.5
1817.2
1891.2
2084.3
812.9
720.1
605.5
443.1
0
2526.9
2481.6
2422.7
2334.3
2084.3
3.8442
3.9165
4.0004
4.1119
4.4070
1.2942
1.1373
0.9489
0.6890
0
5.1384
5.0537
4.9493
4.8009
4.4070
Evap.,
hfg
Source of Data: Tables A–4 through A–8 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado.
The routine used in calculations is the highly accurate Steam_IAPWS, which incorporates the 1995 Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of
Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use, issued by The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS). This
formulation replaces the 1984 formulation of Haar, Gallagher, and Kell (NBS/NRC Steam Tables, Hemisphere Publishing Co., 1984), which is also
available in EES as the routine STEAM. The new formulation is based on the correlations of Saul and Wagner (J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 16, 893, 1987)
with modifications to adjust to the International Temperature Scale of 1990. The modifications are described by Wagner and Pruss (J. Phys. Chem. Ref.
Data, 22, 783, 1993). The properties of ice are based on Hyland and Wexler, “Formulations for the Thermodynamic Properties of the Saturated Phases
of H2O from 173.15 K to 473.15 K,” ASHRAE Trans., Part 2A, Paper 2793, 1983.
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 905
11/29/13 9:52 AM
906
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 5
Saturated water—Pressure table
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Press.,
P kPa
Sat.
temp.,
Tsat 8C
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/kg·K
Sat.
liquid,
uf
Evap.,
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
hf
Evap.,
hfg
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat.
liquid,
sf
Evap.,
sfg
Sat.
vapor,
sg
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
6.97
13.02
17.50
21.08
24.08
0.001000 129.19
0.001001 87.964
0.001001 66.990
0.001002 54.242
0.001003 45.654
29.302
54.686
73.431
88.422
100.98
2355.2
2338.1
2325.5
2315.4
2306.9
2384.5
2392.8
2398.9
2403.8
2407.9
29.303
54.688
73.433
88.424
100.98
2484.4
2470.1
2459.5
2451.0
2443.9
2513.7
2524.7
2532.9
2539.4
2544.8
0.1059
0.1956
0.2606
0.3118
0.3543
8.8690
8.6314
8.4621
8.3302
8.2222
8.9749
8.8270
8.7227
8.6421
8.5765
4.0
5.0
7.5
10
15
28.96
32.87
40.29
45.81
53.97
0.001004
0.001005
0.001008
0.001010
0.001014
121.39
137.75
168.74
191.79
225.93
2293.1
2282.1
2261.1
2245.4
2222.1
2414.5
2419.8
2429.8
2437.2
2448.0
121.39
137.75
168.75
191.81
225.94
2432.3
2423.0
2405.3
2392.1
2372.3
2553.7
2560.7
2574.0
2583.9
2598.3
0.4224
0.4762
0.5763
0.6492
0.7549
8.0510
7.9176
7.6738
7.4996
7.2522
8.4734
8.3938
8.2501
8.1488
8.0071
20
25
30
40
50
60.06
64.96
69.09
75.86
81.32
0.001017
0.001020
0.001022
0.001026
0.001030
7.6481
6.2034
5.2287
3.9933
3.2403
251.40
271.93
289.24
317.58
340.49
2204.6
2190.4
2178.5
2158.8
2142.7
2456.0
2462.4
2467.7
2476.3
2483.2
251.42
271.96
289.27
317.62
340.54
2357.5
2345.5
2335.3
2318.4
2304.7
2608.9
2617.5
2624.6
2636.1
2645.2
0.8320
0.8932
0.9441
1.0261
1.0912
7.0752
6.9370
6.8234
6.6430
6.5019
7.9073
7.8302
7.7675
7.6691
7.5931
75
100
101.325
125
150
91.76
99.61
99.97
105.97
111.35
0.001037
0.001043
0.001043
0.001048
0.001053
2.2172
1.6941
1.6734
1.3750
1.1594
384.36
417.40
418.95
444.23
466.97
2111.8
2088.2
2087.0
2068.8
2052.3
2496.1
2505.6
2506.0
2513.0
2519.2
384.44
417.51
419.06
444.36
467.13
2278.0
2257.5
2256.5
2240.6
2226.0
2662.4
2675.0
2675.6
2684.9
2693.1
1.2132
1.3028
1.3069
1.3741
1.4337
6.2426
6.0562
6.0476
5.9100
5.7894
7.4558
7.3589
7.3545
7.2841
7.2231
175
200
225
250
275
116.04
120.21
123.97
127.41
130.58
0.001057
0.001061
0.001064
0.001067
0.001070
1.0037
0.88578
0.79329
0.71873
0.65732
486.82
504.50
520.47
535.08
548.57
2037.7
2024.6
2012.7
2001.8
1991.6
2524.5
2529.1
2533.2
2536.8
2540.1
487.01
504.71
520.71
535.35
548.86
2213.1
2201.6
2191.0
2181.2
2172.0
2700.2
2706.3
2711.7
2716.5
2720.9
1.4850
1.5302
1.5706
1.6072
1.6408
5.6865
5.5968
5.5171
5.4453
5.3800
7.1716
7.1270
7.0877
7.0525
7.0207
300
325
350
375
400
133.52
136.27
138.86
141.30
143.61
0.001073
0.001076
0.001079
0.001081
0.001084
0.60582
0.56199
0.52422
0.49133
0.46242
561.11
572.84
583.89
594.32
604.22
1982.1
1973.1
1964.6
1956.6
1948.9
2543.2
2545.9
2548.5
2550.9
2553.1
561.43
573.19
584.26
594.73
604.66
2163.5
2155.4
2147.7
2140.4
2133.4
2724.9
2728.6
2732.0
2735.1
2738.1
1.6717
1.7005
1.7274
1.7526
1.7765
5.3200
5.2645
5.2128
5.1645
5.1191
6.9917
6.9650
6.9402
6.9171
6.8955
450
500
550
600
650
147.90
151.83
155.46
158.83
161.98
0.001088
0.001093
0.001097
0.001101
0.001104
0.41392
0.37483
0.34261
0.31560
0.29260
622.65
639.54
655.16
669.72
683.37
1934.5
1921.2
1908.8
1897.1
1886.1
2557.1
2560.7
2563.9
2566.8
2569.4
623.14
640.09
655.77
670.38
684.08
2120.3
2108.0
2096.6
2085.8
2075.5
2743.4
2748.1
2752.4
2756.2
2759.6
1.8205
1.8604
1.8970
1.9308
1.9623
5.0356
4.9603
4.8916
4.8285
4.7699
6.8561
6.8207
6.7886
6.7593
6.7322
700
750
164.95
167.75
0.001108
0.001111
0.27278 696.23
0.25552 708.40
1875.6
1865.6
2571.8
2574.0
697.00
709.24
2065.8 2762.8 1.9918 4.7153 6.7071
2056.4 2765.7 2.0195 4.6642 6.6837
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 906
34.791
28.185
19.233
14.670
10.020
11/29/13 9:52 AM
907
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 5
Saturated water—Pressure table (Concluded )
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/kg·K
Press.,
P kPa
Sat.
temp.,
Tsat 8C
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
liquid,
uf
Evap.,
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
hf
Evap.,
hfg
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat.
liquid,
sf
Evap.,
sfg
Sat.
vapor,
sg
800
850
900
950
1000
170.41
172.94
175.35
177.66
179.88
0.001115
0.001118
0.001121
0.001124
0.001127
0.24035
0.22690
0.21489
0.20411
0.19436
719.97
731.00
741.55
751.67
761.39
1856.1
1846.9
1838.1
1829.6
1821.4
2576.0
2577.9
2579.6
2581.3
2582.8
720.87
731.95
742.56
752.74
762.51
2047.5
2038.8
2030.5
2022.4
2014.6
2768.3
2770.8
2773.0
2775.2
2777.1
2.0457
2.0705
2.0941
2.1166
2.1381
4.6160
4.5705
4.5273
4.4862
4.4470
6.6616
6.6409
6.6213
6.6027
6.5850
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
184.06
187.96
191.60
195.04
198.29
0.001133
0.001138
0.001144
0.001149
0.001154
0.17745
0.16326
0.15119
0.14078
0.13171
779.78
796.96
813.10
828.35
842.82
1805.7
1790.9
1776.8
1763.4
1750.6
2585.5
2587.8
2589.9
2591.8
2593.4
781.03
798.33
814.59
829.96
844.55
1999.6
1985.4
1971.9
1958.9
1946.4
2780.7
2783.8
2786.5
2788.9
2791.0
2.1785
2.2159
2.2508
2.2835
2.3143
4.3735
4.3058
4.2428
4.1840
4.1287
6.5520
6.5217
6.4936
6.4675
6.4430
1750
2000
2250
2500
3000
205.72
212.38
218.41
223.95
233.85
0.001166
0.001177
0.001187
0.001197
0.001217
0.11344
876.12
0.099587
906.12
0.088717
933.54
0.079952
958.87
0.066667 1004.6
1720.6
1693.0
1667.3
1643.2
1598.5
2596.7 878.16
2599.1 908.47
2600.9 936.21
2602.1 961.87
2603.2 1008.3
1917.1
1889.8
1864.3
1840.1
1794.9
2795.2
2798.3
2800.5
2801.9
2803.2
2.3844
2.4467
2.5029
2.5542
2.6454
4.0033
3.8923
3.7926
3.7016
3.5402
6.3877
6.3390
6.2954
6.2558
6.1856
3500
4000
5000
6000
7000
242.56
250.35
263.94
275.59
285.83
0.001235
0.001252
0.001286
0.001319
0.001352
0.057061
0.049779
0.039448
0.032449
0.027378
1045.4
1082.4
1148.1
1205.8
1258.0
1557.6
1519.3
1448.9
1384.1
1323.0
2603.0
2601.7
2597.0
2589.9
2581.0
1049.7
1087.4
1154.5
1213.8
1267.5
1753.0
1713.5
1639.7
1570.9
1505.2
2802.7
2800.8
2794.2
2784.6
2772.6
2.7253
2.7966
2.9207
3.0275
3.1220
3.3991
3.2731
3.0530
2.8627
2.6927
6.1244
6.0696
5.9737
5.8902
5.8148
8000
9000
10,000
11,000
12,000
295.01
303.35
311.00
318.08
324.68
0.001384
0.001418
0.001452
0.001488
0.001526
0.023525
0.020489
0.018028
0.015988
0.014264
1306.0
1350.9
1393.3
1433.9
1473.0
1264.5
1207.6
1151.8
1096.6
1041.3
2570.5
2558.5
2545.2
2530.4
2514.3
1317.1
1363.7
1407.8
1450.2
1491.3
1441.6
1379.3
1317.6
1256.1
1194.1
2758.7
2742.9
2725.5
2706.3
2685.4
3.2077
3.2866
3.3603
3.4299
3.4964
2.5373
2.3925
2.2556
2.1245
1.9975
5.7450
5.6791
5.6159
5.5544
5.4939
13,000
14,000
15,000
16,000
17,000
330.85
336.67
342.16
347.36
352.29
0.001566
0.001610
0.001657
0.001710
0.001770
0.012781
0.011487
0.010341
0.009312
0.008374
1511.0
1548.4
1585.5
1622.6
1660.2
985.5
928.7
870.3
809.4
745.1
2496.6
2477.1
2455.7
2432.0
2405.4
1531.4
1571.0
1610.3
1649.9
1690.3
1131.3
1067.0
1000.5
931.1
857.4
2662.7
2637.9
2610.8
2581.0
2547.7
3.5606
3.6232
3.6848
3.7461
3.8082
1.8730
1.7497
1.6261
1.5005
1.3709
5.4336
5.3728
5.3108
5.2466
5.1791
18,000
19,000
20,000
21,000
22,000
22,064
356.99
361.47
365.75
369.83
373.71
373.95
0.001840
0.001926
0.002038
0.002207
0.002703
0.003106
0.007504
0.006677
0.005862
0.004994
0.003644
0.003106
1699.1
1740.3
1785.8
1841.6
1951.7
2015.7
675.9
598.9
509.0
391.9
140.8
0
2375.0
2339.2
2294.8
2233.5
2092.4
2015.7
1732.2
1776.8
1826.6
1888.0
2011.1
2084.3
777.8
689.2
585.5
450.4
161.5
0
2510.0
2466.0
2412.1
2338.4
2172.6
2084.3
3.8720
3.9396
4.0146
4.1071
4.2942
4.4070
1.2343
1.0860
0.9164
0.7005
0.2496
0
5.1064
5.0256
4.9310
4.8076
4.5439
4.4070
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 907
11/29/13 9:52 AM
908
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 6
Superheated water
T
8C
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
Sat.†
50
100
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
14.670
14.867
17.196
19.513
21.826
24.136
26.446
31.063
35.680
40.296
44.911
49.527
54.143
58.758
63.373
67.989
72.604
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.01 MPa (45.818C)*
2437.2
2443.3
2515.5
2587.9
2661.4
2736.1
2812.3
2969.3
3132.9
3303.3
3480.8
3665.4
3856.9
4055.3
4260.0
4470.9
4687.4
2583.9
2592.0
2687.5
2783.0
2879.6
2977.5
3076.7
3280.0
3489.7
3706.3
3929.9
4160.6
4398.3
4642.8
4893.8
5150.8
5413.4
8.1488
8.1741
8.4489
8.6893
8.9049
9.1015
9.2827
9.6094
9.8998
10.1631
10.4056
10.6312
10.8429
11.0429
11.2326
11.4132
11.5857
P 5 0.20 MPa (120.218C)
Sat.
150
200
250
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.88578
0.95986
1.08049
1.19890
1.31623
1.54934
1.78142
2.01302
2.24434
2.47550
2.70656
2.93755
3.16848
3.39938
3.63026
2529.1
2577.1
2654.6
2731.4
2808.8
2967.2
3131.4
3302.2
3479.9
3664.7
3856.3
4054.8
4259.6
4470.5
4687.1
2706.3
7.1270
2769.1
7.2810
2870.7
7.5081
2971.2
7.7100
3072.1
7.8941
3277.0
8.2236
3487.7
8.5153
3704.8
8.7793
3928.8
9.0221
4159.8
9.2479
4397.7
9.4598
4642.3
9.6599
4893.3
9.8497
5150.4 10.0304
5413.1 10.2029
P 5 0.50 MPa (151.838C)
Sat.
200
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.37483
0.42503
0.47443
0.52261
0.57015
0.61731
0.71095
0.80409
0.89696
0.98966
1.08227
1.17480
1.26728
1.35972
1.45214
2560.7
2643.3
2723.8
2803.3
2883.0
2963.7
3129.0
3300.4
3478.6
3663.6
3855.4
4054.0
4259.0
4470.0
4686.6
2748.1
2855.8
2961.0
3064.6
3168.1
3272.4
3484.5
3702.5
3927.0
4158.4
4396.6
4641.4
4892.6
5149.8
5412.6
6.8207
7.0610
7.2725
7.4614
7.6346
7.7956
8.0893
8.3544
8.5978
8.8240
9.0362
9.2364
9.4263
9.6071
9.7797
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.05 MPa (81.328C)
2483.2
2645.2
7.5931
3.4187
3.8897
4.3562
4.8206
5.2841
6.2094
7.1338
8.0577
8.9813
9.9047
10.8280
11.7513
12.6745
13.5977
14.5209
2511.5
2585.7
2660.0
2735.1
2811.6
2968.9
3132.6
3303.1
3480.6
3665.2
3856.8
4055.2
4259.9
4470.8
4687.3
2682.4
2780.2
2877.8
2976.2
3075.8
3279.3
3489.3
3706.0
3929.7
4160.4
4398.2
4642.7
4893.7
5150.7
5413.3
7.6953
7.9413
8.1592
8.3568
8.5387
8.8659
9.1566
9.4201
9.6626
9.8883
10.1000
10.3000
10.4897
10.6704
10.8429
P 5 0.30 MPa (133.528C)
2543.2
2571.0
2651.0
2728.9
2807.0
2966.0
3130.6
3301.6
3479.5
3664.3
3856.0
4054.5
4259.4
4470.3
4686.9
2724.9 6.9917
2761.2 7.0792
2865.9 7.3132
2967.9 7.5180
3069.6 7.7037
3275.5 8.0347
3486.6 8.3271
3704.0 8.5915
3928.2 8.8345
4159.3 9.0605
4397.3 9.2725
4642.0 9.4726
4893.1 9.6624
5150.2 9.8431
5413.0 10.0157
P 5 0.60 MPa (158.838C)
0.31560
0.35212
0.39390
0.43442
0.47428
0.51374
0.59200
0.66976
0.74725
0.82457
0.90179
0.97893
1.05603
1.13309
1.21012
2566.8
2639.4
2721.2
2801.4
2881.6
2962.5
3128.2
3299.8
3478.1
3663.2
3855.1
4053.8
4258.8
4469.8
4686.4
2756.2
2850.6
2957.6
3062.0
3166.1
3270.8
3483.4
3701.7
3926.4
4157.9
4396.2
4641.1
4892.4
5149.6
5412.5
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.10 MPa (99.618C)
3.2403
0.60582
0.63402
0.71643
0.79645
0.87535
1.03155
1.18672
1.34139
1.49580
1.65004
1.80417
1.95824
2.11226
2.26624
2.42019
v
m3/kg
6.7593
6.9683
7.1833
7.3740
7.5481
7.7097
8.0041
8.2695
8.5132
8.7395
8.9518
9.1521
9.3420
9.5229
9.6955
1.6941 2505.6
2675.0
1.6959
1.9367
2.1724
2.4062
2.6389
3.1027
3.5655
4.0279
4.4900
4.9519
5.4137
5.8755
6.3372
6.7988
7.2605
2675.8 7.3611
2776.6 7.6148
2875.5 7.8356
2974.5 8.0346
3074.5 8.2172
3278.6 8.5452
3488.7 8.8362
3705.6 9.0999
3929.4 9.3424
4160.2 9.5682
4398.0 9.7800
4642.6 9.9800
4893.6 10.1698
5150.6 10.3504
5413.3 10.5229
2506.2
2582.9
2658.2
2733.9
2810.7
2968.3
3132.2
3302.8
3480.4
3665.0
3856.7
4055.0
4259.8
4470.7
4687.2
7.3589
P 5 0.40 MPa (143.618C)
0.46242
0.47088
0.53434
0.59520
0.65489
0.77265
0.88936
1.00558
1.12152
1.23730
1.35298
1.46859
1.58414
1.69966
1.81516
2553.1
2564.4
2647.2
2726.4
2805.1
2964.9
3129.8
3301.0
3479.0
3663.9
3855.7
4054.3
4259.2
4470.2
4686.7
2738.1
2752.8
2860.9
2964.5
3067.1
3273.9
3485.5
3703.3
3927.6
4158.9
4396.9
4641.7
4892.9
5150.0
5412.8
6.8955
6.9306
7.1723
7.3804
7.5677
7.9003
8.1933
8.4580
8.7012
8.9274
9.1394
9.3396
9.5295
9.7102
9.8828
P 5 0.80 MPa (170.418C)
0.24035
0.26088
0.29321
0.32416
0.35442
0.38429
0.44332
0.50186
0.56011
0.61820
0.67619
0.73411
0.79197
0.84980
0.90761
2576.0
2631.1
2715.9
2797.5
2878.6
2960.2
3126.6
3298.7
3477.2
3662.5
3854.5
4053.3
4258.3
4469.4
4686.1
2768.3
2839.8
2950.4
3056.9
3162.2
3267.7
3481.3
3700.1
3925.3
4157.0
4395.5
4640.5
4891.9
5149.3
5412.2
6.6616
6.8177
7.0402
7.2345
7.4107
7.5735
7.8692
8.1354
8.3794
8.6061
8.8185
9.0189
9.2090
9.3898
9.5625
*The temperature in parentheses is the saturation temperature at the specified pressure.
†
Properties of saturated vapor at the specified pressure.
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 908
11/29/13 9:52 AM
909
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 6
Superheated water (Concluded )
T
8C
v
m3/kg
Sat.
200
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.19437
0.20602
0.23275
0.25799
0.28250
0.30661
0.35411
0.40111
0.44783
0.49438
0.54083
0.58721
0.63354
0.67983
0.72610
Sat.
225
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.12374
0.13293
0.14190
0.15866
0.17459
0.19007
0.22029
0.24999
0.27941
0.30865
0.33780
0.36687
0.39589
0.42488
0.45383
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg?K
P 5 1.00 MPa (179.888C)
2582.8
2622.3
2710.4
2793.7
2875.7
2957.9
3125.0
3297.5
3476.3
3661.7
3853.9
4052.7
4257.9
4469.0
4685.8
2777.1
2828.3
2943.1
3051.6
3158.2
3264.5
3479.1
3698.6
3924.1
4156.1
4394.8
4640.0
4891.4
5148.9
5411.9
6.5850
6.6956
6.9265
7.1246
7.3029
7.4670
7.7642
8.0311
8.2755
8.5024
8.7150
8.9155
9.1057
9.2866
9.4593
P 5 1.60 MPa (201.378C)
2594.8
2645.1
2692.9
2781.6
2866.6
2950.8
3120.1
3293.9
3473.5
3659.5
3852.1
4051.2
4256.6
4467.9
4684.8
2792.8
2857.8
2919.9
3035.4
3146.0
3254.9
3472.6
3693.9
3920.5
4153.4
4392.6
4638.2
4890.0
5147.7
5410.9
6.4200
6.5537
6.6753
6.8864
7.0713
7.2394
7.5410
7.8101
8.0558
8.2834
8.4965
8.6974
8.8878
9.0689
9.2418
P 5 2.50 MPa (223.958C)
Sat.
225
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.07995
0.08026
0.08705
0.09894
0.10979
0.12012
0.13015
0.13999
0.15931
0.17835
0.19722
0.21597
0.23466
0.25330
0.27190
0.29048
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 909
2602.1
2604.8
2663.3
2762.2
2852.5
2939.8
3026.2
3112.8
3288.5
3469.3
3656.2
3849.4
4049.0
4254.7
4466.3
4683.4
2801.9
2805.5
2880.9
3009.6
3127.0
3240.1
3351.6
3462.8
3686.8
3915.2
4149.2
4389.3
4635.6
4887.9
5146.0
5409.5
6.2558
6.2629
6.4107
6.6459
6.8424
7.0170
7.1768
7.3254
7.5979
7.8455
8.0744
8.2882
8.4897
8.6804
8.8618
9.0349
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 1.20 MPa (187.968C)
0.16326
0.16934
0.19241
0.21386
0.23455
0.25482
0.29464
0.33395
0.37297
0.41184
0.45059
0.48928
0.52792
0.56652
0.60509
2587.8
2612.9
2704.7
2789.7
2872.7
2955.5
3123.4
3296.3
3475.3
3661.0
3853.3
4052.2
4257.5
4468.7
4685.5
2783.8
2816.1
2935.6
3046.3
3154.2
3261.3
3477.0
3697.0
3922.9
4155.2
4394.0
4639.4
4891.0
5148.5
5411.6
6.5217
6.5909
6.8313
7.0335
7.2139
7.3793
7.6779
7.9456
8.1904
8.4176
8.6303
8.8310
9.0212
9.2022
9.3750
P 5 1.80 MPa (207.118C)
0.11037
0.11678
0.12502
0.14025
0.15460
0.16849
0.19551
0.22200
0.24822
0.27426
0.30020
0.32606
0.35188
0.37766
0.40341
2597.3
2637.0
2686.7
2777.4
2863.6
2948.3
3118.5
3292.7
3472.6
3658.8
3851.5
4050.7
4256.2
4467.6
4684.5
2795.9
2847.2
2911.7
3029.9
3141.9
3251.6
3470.4
3692.3
3919.4
4152.4
4391.9
4637.6
4889.6
5147.3
5410.6
6.3775
6.4825
6.6088
6.8246
7.0120
7.1814
7.4845
7.7543
8.0005
8.2284
8.4417
8.6427
8.8331
9.0143
9.1872
P 5 3.00 MPa (233.858C)
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 1.40 MPa (195.048C)
0.14078
0.14303
0.16356
0.18233
0.20029
0.21782
0.25216
0.28597
0.31951
0.35288
0.38614
0.41933
0.45247
0.48558
0.51866
2591.8
2602.7
2698.9
2785.7
2869.7
2953.1
3121.8
3295.1
3474.4
3660.3
3852.7
4051.7
4257.0
4468.3
4685.1
2788.9
2803.0
2927.9
3040.9
3150.1
3258.1
3474.8
3695.5
3921.7
4154.3
4393.3
4638.8
4890.5
5148.1
5411.3
6.4675
6.4975
6.7488
6.9553
7.1379
7.3046
7.6047
7.8730
8.1183
8.3458
8.5587
8.7595
8.9497
9.1308
9.3036
P 5 2.00 MPa (212.388C)
0.09959
0.10381
0.11150
0.12551
0.13860
0.15122
0.17568
0.19962
0.22326
0.24674
0.27012
0.29342
0.31667
0.33989
0.36308
2599.1
2628.5
2680.3
2773.2
2860.5
2945.9
3116.9
3291.5
3471.7
3658.0
3850.9
4050.2
4255.7
4467.2
4684.2
2798.3
2836.1
2903.3
3024.2
3137.7
3248.4
3468.3
3690.7
3918.2
4151.5
4391.1
4637.1
4889.1
5147.0
5410.3
6.3390
6.4160
6.5475
6.7684
6.9583
7.1292
7.4337
7.7043
7.9509
8.1791
8.3925
8.5936
8.7842
8.9654
9.1384
P 5 3.50 MPa (242.568C)
0.06667
2603.2 2803.2 6.1856
0.05706
2603.0 2802.7 6.1244
0.07063
0.08118
0.09056
0.09938
0.10789
0.11620
0.13245
0.14841
0.16420
0.17988
0.19549
0.21105
0.22658
0.24207
2644.7
2750.8
2844.4
2933.6
3021.2
3108.6
3285.5
3467.0
3654.3
3847.9
4047.7
4253.6
4465.3
4682.6
0.05876
0.06845
0.07680
0.08456
0.09198
0.09919
0.11325
0.12702
0.14061
0.15410
0.16751
0.18087
0.19420
0.20750
2624.0
2738.8
2836.0
2927.2
3016.1
3104.5
3282.5
3464.7
3652.5
3846.4
4046.4
4252.5
4464.4
4681.8
2856.5
2994.3
3116.1
3231.7
3344.9
3457.2
3682.8
3912.2
4146.9
4387.5
4634.2
4886.7
5145.1
5408.8
6.2893
6.5412
6.7450
6.9235
7.0856
7.2359
7.5103
7.7590
7.9885
8.2028
8.4045
8.5955
8.7771
8.9502
2829.7
2978.4
3104.9
3223.2
3338.1
3451.7
3678.9
3909.3
4144.6
4385.7
4632.7
4885.6
5144.1
5408.0
6.1764
6.4484
6.6601
6.8428
7.0074
7.1593
7.4357
7.6855
7.9156
8.1304
8.3324
8.5236
8.7053
8.8786
11/29/13 9:52 AM
910
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 6
Superheated water (Continued)
T
8C
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
Sat.
275
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.04978
0.05461
0.05887
0.06647
0.07343
0.08004
0.08644
0.09886
0.11098
0.12292
0.13476
0.14653
0.15824
0.16992
0.18157
Sat.
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.03245
0.03619
0.04225
0.04742
0.05217
0.05667
0.06102
0.06527
0.07355
0.08165
0.08964
0.09756
0.10543
0.11326
0.12107
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 4.0 MPa (250.358C)
2601.7
2668.9
2726.2
2827.4
2920.8
3011.0
3100.3
3279.4
3462.4
3650.6
3844.8
4045.1
4251.4
4463.5
4680.9
2800.8
2887.3
2961.7
3093.3
3214.5
3331.2
3446.0
3674.9
3906.3
4142.3
4383.9
4631.2
4884.4
5143.2
5407.2
6.0696
6.2312
6.3639
6.5843
6.7714
6.9386
7.0922
7.3706
7.6214
7.8523
8.0675
8.2698
8.4612
8.6430
8.8164
P 5 6.0 MPa (275.598C)
2589.9
2668.4
2790.4
2893.7
2989.9
3083.1
3175.2
3267.2
3453.0
3643.2
3838.8
4040.1
4247.1
4459.8
4677.7
2784.6
2885.6
3043.9
3178.3
3302.9
3423.1
3541.3
3658.8
3894.3
4133.1
4376.6
4625.4
4879.7
5139.4
5404.1
5.8902
6.0703
6.3357
6.5432
6.7219
6.8826
7.0308
7.1693
7.4247
7.6582
7.8751
8.0786
8.2709
8.4534
8.6273
P 5 9.0 MPa (303.358C)
Sat.
325
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.020489
0.023284
0.025816
0.029960
0.033524
0.036793
0.039885
0.042861
0.045755
0.048589
0.054132
0.059562
0.064919
0.070224
0.075492
0.080733
2558.5
2647.6
2725.0
2849.2
2956.3
3056.3
3153.0
3248.4
3343.4
3438.8
3632.0
3829.6
4032.4
4240.7
4454.2
4672.9
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 910
2742.9
2857.1
2957.3
3118.8
3258.0
3387.4
3512.0
3634.1
3755.2
3876.1
4119.2
4365.7
4616.7
4872.7
5133.6
5399.5
5.6791
5.8738
6.0380
6.2876
6.4872
6.6603
6.8164
6.9605
7.0954
7.2229
7.4606
7.6802
7.8855
8.0791
8.2625
8.4371
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 4.5 MPa (257.448C)
0.04406
0.04733
0.05138
0.05842
0.06477
0.07076
0.07652
0.08766
0.09850
0.10916
0.11972
0.13020
0.14064
0.15103
0.16140
2599.7
2651.4
2713.0
2818.6
2914.2
3005.8
3096.0
3276.4
3460.0
3648.8
3843.3
4043.9
4250.4
4462.6
4680.1
2798.0
2864.4
2944.2
3081.5
3205.7
3324.2
3440.4
3670.9
3903.3
4140.0
4382.1
4629.8
4883.2
5142.2
5406.5
6.0198
6.1429
6.2854
6.5153
6.7071
6.8770
7.0323
7.3127
7.5647
7.7962
8.0118
8.2144
8.4060
8.5880
8.7616
P 5 7.0 MPa (285.838C)
0.027378
0.029492
0.035262
0.039958
0.044187
0.048157
0.051966
0.055665
0.062850
0.069856
0.076750
0.083571
0.090341
0.097075
0.103781
2581.0
2633.5
2770.1
2879.5
2979.0
3074.3
3167.9
3261.0
3448.3
3639.5
3835.7
4037.5
4245.0
4457.9
4676.1
2772.6
2839.9
3016.9
3159.2
3288.3
3411.4
3531.6
3650.6
3888.3
4128.5
4373.0
4622.5
4877.4
5137.4
5402.6
5.8148
5.9337
6.2305
6.4502
6.6353
6.8000
6.9507
7.0910
7.3487
7.5836
7.8014
8.0055
8.1982
8.3810
8.5551
P 5 10.0 MPa (311.008C)
0.018028
0.019877
0.022440
0.026436
0.029782
0.032811
0.035655
0.038378
0.041018
0.043597
0.048629
0.053547
0.058391
0.063183
0.067938
0.072667
2545.2
2611.6
2699.6
2833.1
2944.5
3047.0
3145.4
3242.0
3338.0
3434.0
3628.2
3826.5
4029.9
4238.5
4452.4
4671.3
2725.5
2810.3
2924.0
3097.5
3242.4
3375.1
3502.0
3625.8
3748.1
3870.0
4114.5
4362.0
4613.8
4870.3
5131.7
5398.0
5.6159
5.7596
5.9460
6.2141
6.4219
6.5995
6.7585
6.9045
7.0408
7.1693
7.4085
7.6290
7.8349
8.0289
8.2126
8.3874
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 5.0 MPa (263.948C)
0.03945
0.04144
0.04535
0.05197
0.05784
0.06332
0.06858
0.07870
0.08852
0.09816
0.10769
0.11715
0.12655
0.13592
0.14527
2597.0
2632.3
2699.0
2809.5
2907.5
3000.6
3091.8
3273.3
3457.7
3646.9
3841.8
4042.6
4249.3
4461.6
4679.3
2794.2
2839.5
2925.7
3069.3
3196.7
3317.2
3434.7
3666.9
3900.3
4137.7
4380.2
4628.3
4882.1
5141.3
5405.7
5.9737
6.0571
6.2111
6.4516
6.6483
6.8210
6.9781
7.2605
7.5136
7.7458
7.9619
8.1648
8.3566
8.5388
8.7124
P 5 8.0 MPa (295.018C)
0.023525
0.024279
0.029975
0.034344
0.038194
0.041767
0.045172
0.048463
0.054829
0.061011
0.067082
0.073079
0.079025
0.084934
0.090817
2570.5
2592.3
2748.3
2864.6
2967.8
3065.4
3160.5
3254.7
3443.6
3635.7
3832.7
4035.0
4242.8
4456.1
4674.5
2758.7
2786.5
2988.1
3139.4
3273.3
3399.5
3521.8
3642.4
3882.2
4123.8
4369.3
4619.6
4875.0
5135.5
5401.0
5.7450
5.7937
6.1321
6.3658
6.5579
6.7266
6.8800
7.0221
7.2822
7.5185
7.7372
7.9419
8.1350
8.3181
8.4925
P 5 12.5 MPa (327.818C)
0.013496 2505.6
2674.3 5.4638
0.016138
0.020030
0.023019
0.025630
0.028033
0.030306
0.032491
0.034612
0.038724
0.042720
0.046641
0.050510
0.054342
0.058147
2826.6
3040.0
3201.5
3343.6
3476.5
3604.6
3730.2
3854.6
4102.8
4352.9
4606.5
4864.5
5127.0
5394.1
2624.9
2789.6
2913.7
3023.2
3126.1
3225.8
3324.1
3422.0
3618.8
3818.9
4023.5
4233.1
4447.7
4667.3
5.7130
6.0433
6.2749
6.4651
6.6317
6.7828
6.9227
7.0540
7.2967
7.5195
7.7269
7.9220
8.1065
8.2819
11/29/13 9:52 AM
911
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 6
Superheated water (Concluded )
T
8C
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
Sat.
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.010341
0.011481
0.015671
0.018477
0.020828
0.022945
0.024921
0.026804
0.028621
0.032121
0.035503
0.038808
0.042062
0.045279
0.048469
2455.7
2520.9
2740.6
2880.8
2998.4
3106.2
3209.3
3310.1
3409.8
3609.3
3811.2
4017.1
4227.7
4443.1
4663.3
375
400
425
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
0.001978
0.006005
0.007886
0.009176
0.011143
0.012736
0.014140
0.015430
0.016643
0.018922
0.021075
0.023150
0.025172
0.027157
0.029115
1799.9
2428.5
2607.8
2721.2
2887.3
3020.8
3140.0
3251.9
3359.9
3570.7
3780.2
3991.5
4206.1
4424.6
4647.2
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 15.0 MPa (342.168C)
2610.8
2693.1
2975.7
3157.9
3310.8
3450.4
3583.1
3712.1
3839.1
4091.1
4343.7
4599.2
4858.6
5122.3
5390.3
v
m3/kg
0.001641
0.001911
0.002538
0.003692
0.005623
0.006985
0.008089
0.009053
0.009930
0.011521
0.012980
0.014360
0.015686
0.016976
0.018239
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 911
1677.0
1855.0
2097.5
2364.2
2681.6
2875.1
3026.8
3159.5
3282.0
3511.8
3733.3
3952.9
4173.7
4396.9
4623.3
1742.6
1931.4
2199.0
2511.8
2906.5
3154.4
3350.4
3521.6
3679.2
3972.6
4252.5
4527.3
4801.1
5075.9
5352.8
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 17.5 MPa (354.678C)
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 20.0 MPa (365.758C)
0.007932 2390.7 2529.5 5.1435
0.005862 2294.8 2412.1
4.9310
0.012463
0.015204
0.017385
0.019305
0.021073
0.022742
0.024342
0.027405
0.030348
0.033215
0.036029
0.038806
0.041556
5.7211
6.0212
6.2424
6.4266
6.5890
6.7366
6.8735
7.1237
7.3511
7.5616
7.7588
7.9449
8.1215
0.009950
0.012721
0.014793
0.016571
0.018185
0.019695
0.021134
0.023870
0.026484
0.029020
0.031504
0.033952
0.036371
5.5526
5.9043
6.1446
6.3390
6.5075
6.6593
6.7991
7.0531
7.2829
7.4950
7.6933
7.8802
8.0574
4.0345
5.1400
5.4708
5.6759
5.9643
6.1816
6.3637
6.5243
6.6702
6.9322
7.1668
7.3821
7.5825
7.7710
7.9494
0.001792
0.002798
0.005299
0.006737
0.008691
0.010175
0.011445
0.012590
0.013654
0.015628
0.017473
0.019240
0.020954
0.022630
0.024279
3.9313
4.4758
5.1473
5.4422
5.7956
6.0403
6.2373
6.4074
6.5599
6.8301
7.0695
7.2880
7.4906
7.6807
7.8602
0.001701
0.002105
0.003434
0.004957
0.006933
0.008348
0.009523
0.010565
0.011523
0.013278
0.014904
0.016450
0.017942
0.019398
0.020827
2684.3
2845.4
2972.4
3085.8
3192.5
3295.8
3397.5
3599.7
3803.5
4010.7
4222.3
4438.5
4659.2
2902.4
3111.4
3276.7
3423.6
3561.3
3693.8
3823.5
4079.3
4334.6
4592.0
4852.8
5117.6
5386.5
P 5 30.0 MPa
P 5 40.0 MPa
375
400
425
450
500
550
600
650
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
h
kJ/kg
5.3108
5.4438
5.8819
6.1434
6.3480
6.5230
6.6796
6.8233
6.9573
7.2037
7.4288
7.6378
7.8339
8.0192
8.1952
P 5 25.0 MPa
1849.4
2578.7
2805.0
2950.6
3165.9
3339.2
3493.5
3637.7
3776.0
4043.8
4307.1
4570.2
4835.4
5103.5
5375.1
u
kJ/kg
1738.1
2068.9
2452.9
2618.9
2824.0
2974.5
3103.4
3221.7
3334.3
3551.2
3764.6
3978.6
4195.2
4415.3
4639.2
1791.9
2152.8
2611.8
2821.0
3084.8
3279.7
3446.8
3599.4
3743.9
4020.0
4288.8
4555.8
4823.9
5094.2
5367.6
0.001560
0.001731
0.002009
0.002487
0.003890
0.005118
0.006108
0.006957
0.007717
0.009073
0.010296
0.011441
0.012534
0.013590
0.014620
1638.6
1787.8
1960.3
2160.3
2528.1
2769.5
2947.1
3095.6
3228.7
3472.2
3702.0
3927.4
4152.2
4378.6
4607.5
1716.6
1874.4
2060.7
2284.7
2722.6
3025.4
3252.6
3443.5
3614.6
3925.8
4216.8
4499.4
4778.9
5058.1
5338.5
2816.9
3061.7
3241.2
3396.2
3539.0
3675.3
3807.8
4067.5
4325.4
4584.7
4847.0
5112.9
5382.7
P 5 35.0 MPa
P 5 50.0 MPa
3.8290
4.1145
4.5044
4.9449
5.4744
5.7857
6.0170
6.2078
6.3740
6.6613
6.9107
7.1355
7.3425
7.5357
7.7175
2617.9
2807.3
2945.3
3064.7
3175.3
3281.4
3385.1
3590.1
3795.7
4004.3
4216.9
4433.8
4655.2
1702.8
1914.9
2253.3
2497.5
2755.3
2925.8
3065.6
3190.9
3308.3
3531.6
3749.0
3965.8
4184.4
4406.1
4631.2
1762.4
1988.6
2373.5
2671.0
2997.9
3218.0
3399.0
3560.7
3711.6
3996.3
4270.6
4541.5
4812.4
5085.0
5360.2
3.8724
4.2144
4.7751
5.1946
5.6331
5.9093
6.1229
6.3030
6.4623
6.7409
6.9853
7.2069
7.4118
7.6034
7.7841
P 5 60.0 MPa
3.7642
4.0029
4.2746
4.5896
5.1762
5.5563
5.8245
6.0373
6.2179
6.5225
6.7819
7.0131
7.2244
7.4207
7.6048
0.001503
0.001633
0.001816
0.002086
0.002952
0.003955
0.004833
0.005591
0.006265
0.007456
0.008519
0.009504
0.010439
0.011339
0.012213
1609.7
1745.2
1892.9
2055.1
2393.2
2664.6
2866.8
3031.3
3175.4
3432.6
3670.9
3902.0
4130.9
4360.5
4591.8
1699.9
1843.2
2001.8
2180.2
2570.3
2901.9
3156.8
3366.8
3551.3
3880.0
4182.1
4472.2
4757.3
5040.8
5324.5
3.7149
3.9317
4.1630
4.4140
4.9356
5.3517
5.6527
5.8867
6.0814
6.4033
6.6725
6.9099
7.1255
7.3248
7.5111
11/29/13 9:52 AM
912
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 7
Compressed liquid water
T
8C
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
Sat.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
0.0012862 1148.1 1154.5
0.0009977
0.04
5.03
0.0009996
83.61
88.61
0.0010057 166.92 171.95
0.0010149 250.29 255.36
0.0010267 333.82 338.96
0.0010410 417.65 422.85
0.0010576 501.91 507.19
0.0010769 586.80 592.18
0.0010988 672.55 678.04
0.0011240 759.47 765.09
0.0011531 847.92 853.68
0.0011868 938.39 944.32
0.0012268 1031.6 1037.7
0.0012755 1128.5 1134.9
Sat.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
0.0020378
0.0009904
0.0009929
0.0009992
0.0010084
0.0010199
0.0010337
0.0010496
0.0010679
0.0010886
0.0011122
0.0011390
0.0011697
0.0012053
0.0012472
0.0012978
0.0013611
0.0014450
0.0015693
0.0018248
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 5 MPa (263.948C)
u
kJ/kg
v
m3/kg
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 912
1826.6
20.03
102.57
185.16
267.92
350.90
434.17
517.84
602.07
687.05
773.02
860.27
949.16
1040.2
1134.0
1231.5
1334.4
1445.5
1571.6
1740.1
s
kJ/kg·K
v
m3/kg
3.3603
0.0003
0.2943
0.5685
0.8260
1.0691
1.2996
1.5191
1.7293
1.9316
2.1271
2.3174
2.5037
2.6876
2.8710
3.0565
3.2488
0.0016572
0.0009928
0.0009951
0.0010013
0.0010105
0.0010221
0.0010361
0.0010522
0.0010708
0.0010920
0.0011160
0.0011435
0.0011752
0.0012121
0.0012560
0.0013096
0.0013783
0.0014733
0.0016311
P 5 10 MPa (311.008C)
2.9207
0.0001
0.2954
0.5705
0.8287
1.0723
1.3034
1.5236
1.7344
1.9374
2.1338
2.3251
2.5127
2.6983
2.8841
0.0014522
0.0009952
0.0009973
0.0010035
0.0010127
0.0010244
0.0010385
0.0010549
0.0010738
0.0010954
0.0011200
0.0011482
0.0011809
0.0012192
0.0012653
0.0013226
0.0013980
P 5 20 MPa (365.758C)
1785.8
0.23
82.71
165.17
247.75
330.50
413.50
496.85
580.71
665.28
750.78
837.49
925.77
1016.1
1109.0
1205.6
1307.2
1416.6
1540.2
1703.6
h
kJ/kg
1393.3
0.12
83.31
166.33
249.43
332.69
416.23
500.18
584.72
670.06
756.48
844.32
934.01
1026.2
1121.6
1221.8
1329.4
1407.9
10.07
93.28
176.37
259.55
342.94
426.62
510.73
595.45
681.01
767.68
855.80
945.82
1038.3
1134.3
1235.0
1343.3
u
kJ/kg
0.0009857
0.0009886
0.0009951
0.0010042
0.0010155
0.0010290
0.0010445
0.0010623
0.0010823
0.0011049
0.0011304
0.0011595
0.0011927
0.0012314
0.0012770
0.0013322
0.0014014
0.0014932
0.0016276
0.0018729
0.29
82.11
164.05
246.14
328.40
410.87
493.66
576.90
660.74
745.40
831.11
918.15
1006.9
1097.8
1191.5
1288.9
1391.7
1502.4
1626.8
1782.0
29.86
111.77
193.90
276.26
358.86
441.74
525.00
608.76
693.21
778.55
865.02
952.93
1042.7
1134.7
1229.8
1328.9
1433.7
1547.1
1675.6
1838.2
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 15 MPa (342.168C)
P 5 30 MPa
4.0146
0.0005
0.2921
0.5646
0.8208
1.0627
1.2920
1.5105
1.7194
1.9203
2.1143
2.3027
2.4867
2.6676
2.8469
3.0265
3.2091
3.3996
3.6086
3.8787
h
kJ/kg
1585.5
0.18
83.01
165.75
248.58
331.59
414.85
498.50
582.69
667.63
753.58
840.84
929.81
1021.0
1115.1
1213.4
1317.6
1431.9
1567.9
1610.3
15.07
97.93
180.77
263.74
346.92
430.39
514.28
598.75
684.01
770.32
858.00
947.43
1039.2
1134.0
1233.0
1338.3
1454.0
1592.4
3.6848
0.0004
0.2932
0.5666
0.8234
1.0659
1.2958
1.5148
1.7243
1.9259
2.1206
2.3100
2.4951
2.6774
2.8586
3.0410
3.2279
3.4263
3.6555
P 5 50 MPa
0.0003
0.2897
0.5607
0.8156
1.0564
1.2847
1.5020
1.7098
1.9094
2.1020
2.2888
2.4707
2.6491
2.8250
3.0001
3.1761
3.3558
3.5438
3.7499
4.0026
0.0009767
0.0009805
0.0009872
0.0009962
0.0010072
0.0010201
0.0010349
0.0010517
0.0010704
0.0010914
0.0011149
0.0011412
0.0011708
0.0012044
0.0012430
0.0012879
0.0013409
0.0014049
0.0014848
0.0015884
0.29
80.93
161.90
243.08
324.42
405.94
487.69
569.77
652.33
735.49
819.45
904.39
990.55
1078.2
1167.7
1259.6
1354.3
1452.9
1556.5
1667.1
49.13 20.0010
129.95 0.2845
211.25 0.5528
292.88 0.8055
374.78 1.0442
456.94 1.2705
539.43 1.4859
622.36 1.6916
705.85 1.8889
790.06 2.0790
875.19 2.2628
961.45 2.4414
1049.1
2.6156
1138.4
2.7864
1229.9
2.9547
1324.0
3.1218
1421.4
3.2888
1523.1
3.4575
1630.7
3.6301
1746.5
3.8102
11/29/13 9:52 AM
913
APPENDIX 1
TAB L E A –8
Saturated ice–water vapor
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/kg·K
Temp.,
T 8C
Sat.
press.,
Psat kPa
Sat.
ice,
vi
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
ice,
ui
Subl.,
uig
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
ice,
hi
Subl.,
hig
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat.
ice,
si
Subl.,
sig
Sat.
vapor,
sg
0.01
0
22
24
26
28
210
212
214
216
218
220
222
224
226
228
230
232
234
236
238
240
0.61169
0.61115
0.51772
0.43748
0.36873
0.30998
0.25990
0.21732
0.18121
0.15068
0.12492
0.10326
0.08510
0.06991
0.05725
0.04673
0.03802
0.03082
0.02490
0.02004
0.01608
0.01285
0.001091
0.001091
0.001091
0.001090
0.001090
0.001090
0.001089
0.001089
0.001088
0.001088
0.001088
0.001087
0.001087
0.001087
0.001087
0.001086
0.001086
0.001086
0.001085
0.001085
0.001085
0.001084
205.99
206.17
241.62
283.84
334.27
394.66
467.17
554.47
659.88
787.51
942.51
1131.3
1362.0
1644.7
1992.2
2421.0
2951.7
3610.9
4432.4
5460.1
6750.5
8376.7
2333.40
2333.43
2337.63
2341.80
2345.94
2350.04
2354.12
2358.17
2362.18
2366.17
2370.13
2374.06
2377.95
2381.82
2385.66
2389.47
2393.25
2397.00
2400.72
2404.40
2408.07
2411.70
2707.9
2707.9
2709.4
2710.8
2712.2
2713.5
2714.8
2716.1
2717.3
2718.6
2719.7
2720.9
2722.0
2723.1
2724.2
2725.2
2726.2
2727.2
2728.1
2729.0
2729.9
2730.7
2374.5
2374.5
2371.8
2369.0
2366.2
2363.5
2360.7
2357.9
2355.2
2352.4
2349.6
2346.8
2344.1
2341.3
2338.5
2335.7
2332.9
2330.2
2327.4
2324.6
2321.8
2319.0
2333.40
2333.43
2337.63
2341.80
2345.93
2350.04
2354.12
2358.17
2362.18
2366.17
2370.13
2374.06
2377.95
2381.82
2385.66
2389.47
2393.25
2397.00
2400.72
2404.40
2408.07
2411.70
2833.9
2833.9
2834.5
2835.0
2835.4
2835.8
2836.2
2836.6
2836.9
2837.2
2837.5
2837.7
2837.9
2838.1
2838.2
2838.3
2838.4
2838.4
2838.5
2838.4
2838.4
2838.3
2500.5
2500.5
2496.8
2493.2
2489.5
2485.8
2482.1
2478.4
2474.7
2471.0
2467.3
2463.6
2459.9
2456.2
2452.5
2448.8
2445.1
2441.4
2437.7
2434.0
2430.3
2426.6
21.2202
21.2204
21.2358
21.2513
21.2667
21.2821
21.2976
21.3130
21.3284
21.3439
21.3593
21.3748
21.3903
21.4057
21.4212
21.4367
21.4521
21.4676
21.4831
21.4986
21.5141
21.5296
10.374
10.375
10.453
10.533
10.613
10.695
10.778
10.862
10.947
11.033
11.121
11.209
11.300
11.391
11.484
11.578
11.673
11.770
11.869
11.969
12.071
12.174
9.154
9.154
9.218
9.282
9.347
9.413
9.480
9.549
9.618
9.689
9.761
9.835
9.909
9.985
10.063
10.141
10.221
10.303
10.386
10.470
10.557
10.644
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 913
11/29/13 9:52 AM
1
h = 40
0k
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
=
ty
ali
Qu
60 0
3
4
1800
kJ/
2200 kg
h=
0
0
20
2400
4
2600
00
328200
3000
50%
5
20
3200
00
22
00
Sa
tu
ra
6
00
or
24
va
p
%
70
te d
100 k
g/m 3
0
10
80 0
6
0
80
0
60
0
50
0
40 0
35 00
3 0
25 0
20
0
15
3400
4000
3800
3600
4500
6
h = 4200 kJ/
kg
00
5
Entropy, kJ/kg·K
18
0
0
80 0
J/k
g
20 0
h=
7
26
k J/
80%
00
7
Qu
kg
10 kg
/m 3
a lit
y=
8
1 kg/m 3
3 kg/m 3
9
2650
h = 2600
2650 kJ/kg
2550
2800
2900
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
4400
4500
4600
4700
4800
4900
5000
h = 5000 kJ/kg
90 %
8
9
Source of Data: From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc., 1984.
2
%
20
%
10
tu
Sa
uid
1600
iq
dl
e
rat
0
100
0
120
0
140
1 00 0
60%
FIGURE A–9
T-s diagram for water.
Temperature, °C
kg/m 3
sity
=
0
550
P=
300
20 00 b
1 000 ar
5
100 000
80000
0
50
4 00 6000
30 000
0
20 0
15 00
00
Den
50
10
00
900
3
300 k
g/m 3
1000
2
1 20
%
30 kg
/m 3
20
15
10
40
30
kg/m 3
0.3
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
5
0.08 0.
1
6
0.
0
0.04
3
0.0
0.02
15
8
6
4
3
2
1.5
1.0
kg/m 3
0.1
0.0
3k
g/m 3
0
1100
1
00
30
14
40%
0
10
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
10
1200
0.01
kg/m 3
Den
sity
=
.00
8
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 914
0
16
0.
0 006
0 .0
.
0 04
0. 03
00
2
0
1200
914
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
11/29/13 9:52 AM
915
APPENDIX 1
5000
2
3
4
5
6
7
1100°C
T
8
9
10
5000
C
0°
10
=1
1000°C
150
00
200
00
400°C
98%
96%
Qu
94%
alit
y = 92%
90%
88
86% %
84%
82%
80%
78
76 %
74 %
72 %
70 %
68 %
%
T = 300°C
2000
3000
0.
0. 3
0
0. .08 0.12
0
0
0. 6
.1 5
04
0.0
0.0 5
0. 3
01
0. 5
01
0
0. .8
0.4 6
8
6
4
3
2
1.5
1.0
5
De
nsi
ty =
0.01
kg
/m 3
0.1
kg/m 3
1 kg
/m 3
bar
250
00
00
300
P=
700°C
600°C
3000
500°C
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
4000
800°C
Dens
100
i ty = 1
00
000 kg
800
/m 3
0
600
500 0
40000
3000
20
15 00
800 10 00
00
6
40000 5
00
300
200
100
kg / m 3
80 150
60 100
40
50
30
20
15
10 k
10
g/m 3
900°C
4000
02
0.
P
=
r
ba
08
0.0
2000
%
66 %
64 %
62
%
60 %
58
56%
54%
52%
50%
48%
46%
44%
42%
40%
1000
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1000
10
Entropy, kJ/kg·K
FIGURE A-10
Mollier diagram for water.
Source of Data: From NBS/NRC Steam Tables/1 by Lester Haar, John S. Gallagher, and George S. Kell. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Books, Inc., 1984.
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 915
11/29/13 9:52 AM
916
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A– 11
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Sat.
Temp., press.,
T 8C
Psat kPa
240
238
236
234
232
230
228
226
224
222
220
218
216
214
212
210
28
26
24
22
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
51.25
56.86
62.95
69.56
76.71
84.43
92.76
101.73
111.37
121.72
132.82
144.69
157.38
170.93
185.37
200.74
217.08
234.44
252.85
272.36
293.01
314.84
337.90
362.23
387.88
414.89
443.31
473.19
504.58
537.52
572.07
608.27
646.18
685.84
727.31
770.64
815.89
863.11
912.35
963.68
1017.1
1072.8
1130.7
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/kg∙K
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
liquid,
uf
Evap.,
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
hf
Evap.,
hfg
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat.
liquid,
sf
Evap.,
sfg
Sat.
vapor,
sg
0.0007053
0.0007082
0.0007111
0.0007141
0.0007171
0.0007201
0.0007232
0.0007264
0.0007296
0.0007328
0.0007361
0.0007394
0.0007428
0.0007463
0.0007498
0.0007533
0.0007570
0.0007607
0.0007644
0.0007683
0.0007722
0.0007761
0.0007802
0.0007843
0.0007886
0.0007929
0.0007973
0.0008018
0.0008064
0.0008112
0.0008160
0.0008209
0.0008260
0.0008312
0.0008366
0.0008421
0.0008477
0.0008535
0.0008595
0.0008657
0.0008720
0.0008786
0.0008854
0.36064
0.32718
0.29740
0.27082
0.24706
0.22577
0.20666
0.18947
0.17398
0.15999
0.14735
0.13589
0.12550
0.11605
0.10744
0.099600
0.092438
0.085888
0.079889
0.074388
0.069335
0.064690
0.060412
0.056469
0.052829
0.049466
0.046354
0.043471
0.040798
0.038317
0.036012
0.033867
0.031869
0.030008
0.028271
0.026648
0.025131
0.023712
0.022383
0.021137
0.019968
0.018870
0.017837
20.036
2.472
4.987
7.509
10.04
12.58
15.12
17.67
20.23
22.80
25.37
27.96
30.55
33.15
35.76
38.38
41.01
43.64
46.29
48.94
51.61
54.28
56.97
59.66
62.37
65.09
67.82
70.56
73.31
76.07
78.85
81.64
84.44
87.26
90.09
92.93
95.79
98.67
101.56
104.47
107.39
110.34
113.30
207.42
206.06
204.69
203.32
201.94
200.55
199.15
197.75
196.34
194.92
193.49
192.05
190.60
189.14
187.66
186.18
184.69
183.18
181.66
180.12
178.58
177.01
175.44
173.84
172.23
170.61
168.96
167.30
165.62
163.92
162.19
160.45
158.68
156.89
155.08
153.24
151.37
149.48
147.55
145.60
143.61
141.59
139.53
207.38
208.53
209.68
210.83
211.97
213.12
214.27
215.42
216.57
217.71
218.86
220.00
221.15
222.29
223.42
224.56
225.69
226.82
227.94
229.07
230.18
231.30
232.40
233.51
234.60
235.69
236.78
237.86
238.93
239.99
241.04
242.09
243.13
244.15
245.17
246.17
247.17
248.15
249.11
250.07
251.00
251.92
252.83
0.00
2.512
5.032
7.559
10.09
12.64
15.19
17.75
20.31
22.89
25.47
28.07
30.67
33.28
35.90
38.53
41.17
43.82
46.48
49.15
51.83
54.53
57.23
59.95
62.68
65.42
68.17
70.94
73.72
76.51
79.32
82.14
84.98
87.83
90.70
93.58
96.49
99.41
102.34
105.30
108.28
111.28
114.30
225.86
224.62
223.37
222.10
220.83
219.55
218.25
216.95
215.63
214.30
212.96
211.60
210.23
208.84
207.44
206.02
204.59
203.14
201.66
200.17
198.67
197.14
195.58
194.01
192.42
190.80
189.16
187.49
185.80
184.08
182.33
180.55
178.74
176.90
175.03
173.13
171.19
169.21
167.19
165.13
163.03
160.89
158.70
225.86
227.13
228.40
229.66
230.93
232.19
233.44
234.70
235.94
237.19
238.43
239.67
240.90
242.12
243.34
244.55
245.76
246.95
248.14
249.33
250.50
251.66
252.82
253.96
255.09
256.22
257.33
258.43
259.51
260.59
261.64
262.69
263.72
264.73
265.73
266.71
267.67
268.61
269.53
270.44
271.31
272.17
273.00
0.00000
0.01071
0.02137
0.03196
0.04249
0.05297
0.06339
0.07376
0.08408
0.09435
0.10456
0.11473
0.12486
0.13493
0.14497
0.15496
0.16491
0.17482
0.18469
0.19452
0.20432
0.21408
0.22381
0.23351
0.24318
0.25282
0.26243
0.27201
0.28157
0.29111
0.30062
0.31012
0.31959
0.32905
0.33849
0.34792
0.35734
0.36675
0.37615
0.38554
0.39493
0.40432
0.41371
0.96869
0.95516
0.94182
0.92867
0.91569
0.90289
0.89024
0.87776
0.86542
0.85323
0.84119
0.82927
0.81749
0.80583
0.79429
0.78286
0.77154
0.76033
0.74921
0.73819
0.72726
0.71641
0.70565
0.69496
0.68435
0.67380
0.66331
0.65289
0.64252
0.63219
0.62192
0.61168
0.60148
0.59131
0.58117
0.57105
0.56095
0.55086
0.54077
0.53068
0.52059
0.51048
0.50036
0.96869
0.96588
0.96319
0.96063
0.95819
0.95586
0.95364
0.95152
0.94950
0.94758
0.94575
0.94401
0.94234
0.94076
0.93925
0.93782
0.93645
0.93514
0.93390
0.93271
0.93158
0.93050
0.92946
0.92847
0.92752
0.92661
0.92574
0.92490
0.92409
0.92330
0.92254
0.92180
0.92107
0.92036
0.91967
0.91897
0.91829
0.91760
0.91692
0.91622
0.91552
0.91480
0.91407
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 916
11/29/13 9:52 AM
917
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 11
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Temperature table (Concluded)
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Entropy,
kJ/kg∙K
Sat.
Temp., press.,
T 8C
Psat kPa
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
liquid,
uf
Evap.,
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
hf
Evap.,
hfg
Sat.
vapor,
hg
Sat.
liquid,
sf
Evap.,
sfg
Sat.
vapor,
sg
46
48
52
56
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
0.0008924
0.0008997
0.0009151
0.0009317
0.0009498
0.0009751
0.0010037
0.0010373
0.0010774
0.0011273
0.0011938
0.0012945
0.0015269
0.016866
0.015951
0.014276
0.012782
0.011434
0.009959
0.008650
0.007486
0.006439
0.005484
0.004591
0.003713
0.002657
116.28
119.28
125.35
131.52
137.79
145.80
154.03
162.55
171.43
180.81
190.94
202.49
218.73
137.43
135.30
130.89
126.29
121.45
115.06
108.17
100.62
92.22
82.64
71.19
56.25
29.72
253.71
254.58
256.24
257.81
259.23
260.86
262.20
263.17
263.66
263.45
262.13
258.73
248.46
117.34
120.41
126.62
132.94
139.38
147.64
156.15
165.01
174.27
184.11
194.82
207.14
224.80
156.46
154.17
149.41
144.41
139.09
132.05
124.37
115.87
106.35
95.39
82.22
64.94
34.22
273.80
274.57
276.03
277.35
278.47
279.69
280.52
280.88
280.63
279.51
277.04
272.08
259.02
0.42311
0.43251
0.45136
0.47028
0.48930
0.51330
0.53763
0.56252
0.58812
0.61487
0.64354
0.67605
0.72224
0.49020
0.48001
0.45948
0.43870
0.41746
0.39048
0.36239
0.33279
0.30113
0.26632
0.22638
0.17638
0.09169
0.91331
0.91252
0.91084
0.90898
0.90676
0.90379
0.90002
0.89531
0.88925
0.88120
0.86991
0.85243
0.81393
1191.0
1253.6
1386.2
1529.1
1682.8
1891.0
2118.2
2365.8
2635.3
2928.2
3246.9
3594.1
3975.1
Source of Data: Tables A211 through A213 are generated using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software developed by S. A. Klein and F. L. Alvarado.
The routine used in calculations is the R134a, which is based on the fundamental equation of state developed by R. Tillner2Roth and H.D. Baehr, “An
International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and
pressures up to 70 MPa,” J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994. The enthalpy and entropy values of saturated liquid are set to zero at 2408C
(and 2408F).
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 917
11/29/13 9:52 AM
918
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A– 12
Saturated refrigerant-134a—Pressure table
Specific volume,
m3/kg
Internal energy,
kJ/kg
Enthalpy,
kJ/kg
Press., Sat.
P
temp.,
kPa
Tsat 8C
Sat.
liquid,
vf
Sat.
vapor,
vg
Sat.
liquid,
uf
Evap.,
ufg
Sat.
vapor,
ug
Sat.
liquid,
hf
Evap.,
hfg
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
240
280
320
360
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2500
3000
0.0007097
0.0007143
0.0007184
0.0007222
0.0007258
0.0007323
0.0007381
0.0007435
0.0007485
0.0007532
0.0007618
0.0007697
0.0007771
0.0007840
0.0007905
0.0007983
0.0008058
0.0008129
0.0008198
0.0008265
0.0008331
0.0008395
0.0008457
0.0008519
0.0008580
0.0008640
0.0008700
0.0008935
0.0009167
0.0009400
0.0009639
0.0009887
0.0010567
0.0011410
0.31108
0.26921
0.23749
0.21261
0.19255
0.16216
0.14020
0.12355
0.11049
0.099951
0.083983
0.072434
0.063681
0.056809
0.051266
0.045677
0.041168
0.037452
0.034335
0.031680
0.029392
0.027398
0.025645
0.024091
0.022703
0.021456
0.020329
0.016728
0.014119
0.012134
0.010568
0.009297
0.006941
0.005272
3.795
7.672
11.14
14.30
17.19
22.38
26.96
31.06
34.81
38.26
44.46
49.95
54.90
59.42
63.61
68.44
72.92
77.09
81.01
84.72
88.24
91.59
94.80
97.88
100.84
103.70
106.47
116.72
125.96
134.45
142.36
149.81
167.02
183.09
205.34
203.23
201.33
199.60
198.01
195.15
192.60
190.31
188.20
186.25
182.71
179.54
176.65
173.99
171.49
168.58
165.86
163.29
160.84
158.51
156.27
154.11
152.02
150.00
148.03
146.11
144.24
137.12
130.44
124.05
117.85
111.75
96.47
80.17
209.13
210.90
212.48
213.90
215.21
217.53
219.56
221.37
223.01
224.51
227.17
229.49
231.55
233.41
235.10
237.03
238.77
240.38
241.86
243.23
244.51
245.70
246.82
247.88
248.88
249.82
250.71
253.84
256.40
258.50
260.21
261.56
263.49
263.26
3.837
7.722
11.20
14.36
17.27
22.47
27.06
31.18
34.94
38.41
44.64
50.16
55.14
59.70
63.92
68.80
73.32
77.54
81.50
85.26
88.82
92.22
95.48
98.61
101.62
104.52
107.34
117.79
127.25
135.96
144.09
151.78
169.66
186.51
223.96
222.02
220.27
218.67
217.19
214.52
212.13
209.96
207.95
206.09
202.68
199.61
196.78
194.15
191.68
188.78
186.04
183.44
180.95
178.56
176.26
174.03
171.86
169.75
167.69
165.68
163.70
156.12
148.92
141.96
135.14
128.36
111.18
92.57
236.95
233.87
231.13
228.65
226.37
222.32
218.77
215.60
212.73
210.09
25.38
21.25
2.46
5.82
8.91
12.46
15.71
18.73
21.55
24.20
26.69
29.06
31.31
33.45
35.51
37.48
39.37
46.29
52.40
57.88
62.87
67.45
77.54
86.16
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 918
Entropy,
kJ/kg∙K
Sat.
vapor,
hg
227.80
229.74
231.47
233.04
234.46
236.99
239.19
241.14
242.90
244.50
247.32
249.77
251.93
253.86
255.61
257.58
259.36
260.98
262.46
263.82
265.08
266.25
267.34
268.36
269.31
270.20
271.04
273.92
276.17
277.92
279.23
280.15
280.84
279.08
Sat.
liquid,
sf
0.01633
0.03264
0.04707
0.06003
0.07182
0.09269
0.11080
0.12686
0.14131
0.15449
0.17786
0.19822
0.21631
0.23265
0.24757
0.26462
0.28021
0.29460
0.30799
0.32052
0.33232
0.34348
0.35408
0.36417
0.37383
0.38307
0.39196
0.42449
0.45325
0.47921
0.50304
0.52519
0.57542
0.62133
Evap.,
sfg
0.94812
0.92783
0.91009
0.89431
0.88008
0.85520
0.83387
0.81517
0.79848
0.78339
0.75689
0.73406
0.71395
0.69591
0.67954
0.66093
0.64399
0.62842
0.61398
0.60048
0.58780
0.57582
0.56445
0.55362
0.54326
0.53333
0.52378
0.48870
0.45742
0.42881
0.40213
0.37684
0.31701
0.25759
Sat.
vapor,
sg
0.96445
0.96047
0.95716
0.95434
0.95191
0.94789
0.94467
0.94202
0.93979
0.93788
0.93475
0.93228
0.93026
0.92856
0.92711
0.92555
0.92420
0.92302
0.92196
0.92100
0.92012
0.91930
0.91853
0.91779
0.91709
0.91641
0.91574
0.91320
0.91067
0.90802
0.90517
0.90204
0.89243
0.87893
11/29/13 9:52 AM
919
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 13
Superheated refrigerant-134a
T
8C
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.06 MPa (Tsat 5 236.958C)
Sat.
220
210
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.31108
0.33608
0.35048
0.36476
0.37893
0.39302
0.40705
0.42102
0.43495
0.44883
0.46269
0.47651
0.49032
0.50410
Sat.
210
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.11049
0.11189
0.11722
0.12240
0.12748
0.13248
0.13741
0.14230
0.14715
0.15196
0.15673
0.16149
0.16622
Sat.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
0.07243
0.07282
0.07646
0.07997
0.08338
0.08672
0.09000
0.09324
0.09644
0.09961
0.10275
0.10587
0.10897
0.11205
0.11512
0.11818
209.13
220.62
227.57
234.67
241.94
249.37
256.97
264.73
272.66
280.75
289.01
297.43
306.02
314.76
227.80
240.78
248.60
256.56
264.68
272.95
281.39
289.99
298.75
307.68
316.77
326.02
335.43
345.01
0.9645
1.0175
1.0478
1.0775
1.1067
1.1354
1.1637
1.1916
1.2192
1.2464
1.2732
1.2998
1.3261
1.3521
P 5 0.18 MPa (Tsat 5 212.738C)
223.01
225.04
232.49
240.02
247.66
255.43
263.33
271.38
279.58
287.93
296.43
305.09
313.90
242.90
245.18
253.59
262.05
270.60
279.27
288.07
297.00
306.07
315.28
324.65
334.16
343.82
0.9398
0.9485
0.9799
1.0103
1.0400
1.0691
1.0976
1.1257
1.1533
1.1806
1.2075
1.2340
1.2603
P 5 0.28 MPa (Tsat 5 21.258C)
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 919
229.49
230.46
238.29
246.15
254.08
262.12
270.28
278.58
287.01
295.59
304.30
313.17
322.18
331.34
340.65
350.11
249.77
250.85
259.70
268.54
277.42
286.40
295.48
304.69
314.01
323.48
333.07
342.81
352.69
362.72
372.88
383.20
0.9323
0.9362
0.9681
0.9987
1.0285
1.0577
1.0862
1.1143
1.1419
1.1690
1.1958
1.2223
1.2484
1.2742
1.2998
1.3251
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.10 MPa (Tsat 5 226.378C)
0.19255
0.19841
0.20743
0.21630
0.22506
0.23373
0.24233
0.25088
0.25937
0.26783
0.27626
0.28465
0.29303
0.30138
215.21
219.68
226.77
233.97
241.32
248.81
256.46
264.27
272.24
280.36
288.65
297.10
305.71
314.48
234.46
239.52
247.51
255.60
263.82
272.18
280.69
289.36
298.17
307.15
316.28
325.57
335.01
344.61
0.9519
0.9721
1.0031
1.0333
1.0628
1.0919
1.1204
1.1485
1.1762
1.2036
1.2306
1.2573
1.2836
1.3097
P 5 0.20 MPa (Tsat 5 210.098C)
0.09995
0.09991
0.10481
0.10955
0.11418
0.11874
0.12322
0.12766
0.13206
0.13641
0.14074
0.14504
0.14933
224.51
224.57
232.11
239.69
247.36
255.16
263.09
271.16
279.38
287.75
296.27
304.93
313.75
244.50
244.56
253.07
261.60
270.20
278.91
287.74
296.70
305.79
315.03
324.41
333.94
343.62
0.9379
0.9381
0.9699
1.0005
1.0304
1.0596
1.0882
1.1164
1.1441
1.1714
1.1984
1.2250
1.2513
P 5 0.32 MPa (Tsat 5 2.468C)
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.14 MPa (Tsat 5 218.778C)
0.14020
219.56
239.19
0.9447
0.14605
0.15263
0.15908
0.16544
0.17172
0.17794
0.18412
0.19025
0.19635
0.20242
0.20847
0.21449
225.93
233.25
240.68
248.24
255.95
263.80
271.81
279.97
288.29
296.77
305.40
314.19
246.37
254.61
262.95
271.40
279.99
288.72
297.59
306.61
315.78
325.11
334.59
344.22
0.9724
1.0032
1.0331
1.0625
1.0913
1.1196
1.1475
1.1750
1.2021
1.2289
1.2554
1.2815
P 5 0.24 MPa (Tsat 5 25.388C)
0.08398
227.17
247.32
0.9348
0.08617
0.09026
0.09423
0.09812
0.10193
0.10570
0.10942
0.11310
0.11675
0.12038
0.12398
231.30
239.00
246.76
254.63
262.61
270.73
278.98
287.38
295.93
304.62
313.46
251.98
260.66
269.38
278.17
287.07
296.09
305.24
314.53
323.95
333.51
343.22
0.9520
0.9832
1.0134
1.0429
1.0718
1.1002
1.1281
1.1555
1.1826
1.2093
1.2356
P 5 0.40 MPa (Tsat 5 8.918C)
0.06368
231.55
251.93
0.9303
0.051266 235.10
255.61
0.9271
0.06609
0.06925
0.07231
0.07530
0.07823
0.08111
0.08395
0.08675
0.08953
0.09229
0.09503
0.09775
0.10045
0.10314
237.56
245.51
253.52
261.62
269.83
278.17
286.64
295.24
303.99
312.87
321.91
331.08
340.41
349.88
258.70
267.67
276.66
285.72
294.87
304.12
313.50
323.00
332.64
342.41
352.31
362.36
372.55
382.89
0.9545
0.9856
1.0158
1.0452
1.0739
1.1022
1.1299
1.1572
1.1841
1.2106
1.2368
1.2627
1.2883
1.3136
0.051506
0.054213
0.056796
0.059292
0.061724
0.064104
0.066443
0.068747
0.071023
0.073274
0.075504
0.077717
0.079913
0.082096
256.59
265.88
275.09
284.32
293.61
302.98
312.45
322.04
331.75
341.59
351.55
361.65
371.89
382.26
0.9306
0.9628
0.9937
1.0237
1.0529
1.0814
1.1095
1.1370
1.1641
1.1908
1.2172
1.2432
1.2689
1.2943
235.99
244.19
252.37
260.60
268.92
277.34
285.88
294.54
303.34
312.28
321.35
330.56
339.92
349.42
11/29/13 9:52 AM
920
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A –1 3
Superheated refrigerant-134a (Concluded )
T
8C
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.50 MPa (Tsat 5 15.718C)
Sat.
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
0.041168
0.042115
0.044338
0.046456
0.048499
0.050485
0.052427
0.054331
0.056205
0.058053
0.059880
0.061687
0.063479
0.065256
0.067021
0.068775
Sat.
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
0.025645
0.027035
0.028547
0.029973
0.031340
0.032659
0.033941
0.035193
0.036420
0.037625
0.038813
0.039985
0.041143
0.042290
0.043427
0.044554
Sat.
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
0.016728
0.017201
0.018404
0.019502
0.020529
0.021506
0.022442
0.023348
0.024228
0.025086
0.025927
0.026753
0.027566
0.028367
0.029158
238.77
242.42
250.86
259.27
267.73
276.27
284.91
293.65
302.52
311.52
320.65
329.91
339.31
348.85
358.52
368.34
259.36
263.48
273.03
282.50
291.98
301.51
311.12
320.82
330.63
340.55
350.59
360.75
371.05
381.47
392.04
402.73
0.9242
0.9384
0.9704
1.0011
1.0309
1.0600
1.0884
1.1163
1.1436
1.1706
1.1971
1.2233
1.2492
1.2747
1.3000
1.3250
P 5 0.80 MPa (Tsat 5 31.318C)
246.82
254.84
263.87
272.85
281.83
290.86
299.97
309.17
318.47
327.89
337.42
347.08
356.86
366.78
376.83
387.01
267.34
276.46
286.71
296.82
306.90
316.99
327.12
337.32
347.61
357.99
368.47
379.07
389.78
400.61
411.57
422.65
0.9185
0.9481
0.9803
1.0111
1.0409
1.0699
1.0982
1.1259
1.1531
1.1798
1.2062
1.2321
1.2577
1.2830
1.3081
1.3328
P 5 1.20 MPa (Tsat 5 46.298C)
253.84
257.64
267.57
277.23
286.77
296.28
305.81
315.40
325.05
334.79
344.63
354.57
364.63
374.80
385.10
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 920
273.92
278.28
289.66
300.63
311.40
322.09
332.74
343.41
354.12
364.90
375.74
386.68
397.71
408.84
420.09
0.9132
0.9268
0.9615
0.9939
1.0249
1.0547
1.0836
1.1119
1.1395
1.1665
1.1931
1.2192
1.2450
1.2704
1.2955
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.60 MPa (Tsat 5 21.558C)
v
m3/kg
u
kJ/kg
h
kJ/kg
s
kJ/kg·K
P 5 0.70 MPa (Tsat 5 26.698C)
0.034335 241.86 262.46 0.9220
0.029392 244.51
265.08 0.9201
0.035984
0.037865
0.039659
0.041389
0.043069
0.044710
0.046318
0.047900
0.049458
0.050997
0.052519
0.054027
0.055522
0.057006
0.029966
0.031696
0.033322
0.034875
0.036373
0.037829
0.039250
0.040642
0.042010
0.043358
0.044688
0.046004
0.047306
0.048597
268.47
278.59
288.54
298.44
308.34
318.29
328.31
338.41
348.61
358.92
369.34
379.88
390.54
401.32
249.24
257.88
266.50
275.17
283.91
292.74
301.69
310.75
319.93
329.24
338.69
348.26
357.98
367.83
270.83
280.60
290.30
300.00
309.75
319.57
329.48
339.49
349.61
359.84
370.20
380.68
391.29
402.03
0.9500
0.9817
1.0122
1.0417
1.0706
1.0988
1.1265
1.1536
1.1804
1.2068
1.2328
1.2585
1.2838
1.3089
P 5 0.90 MPa (Tsat 5 35.518C)
0.022686
0.023375
0.024809
0.026146
0.027413
0.028630
0.029806
0.030951
0.032068
0.033164
0.034241
0.035302
0.036349
0.037384
0.038408
0.039423
248.82
253.15
262.46
271.62
280.74
289.88
299.08
308.35
317.72
327.19
336.78
346.48
356.30
366.25
376.33
386.54
269.25
274.19
284.79
295.15
305.41
315.65
325.90
336.21
346.58
357.04
367.59
378.25
389.01
399.89
410.89
422.02
0.9169
0.9328
0.9661
0.9977
1.0280
1.0574
1.0861
1.1141
1.1415
1.1684
1.1949
1.2211
1.2468
1.2722
1.2973
1.3221
P 5 1.40 MPa (Tsat 5 52.408C)
247.49
256.41
265.22
274.03
282.88
291.81
300.84
309.96
319.21
328.57
338.06
347.67
357.42
367.31
0.9314
0.9642
0.9955
1.0257
1.0550
1.0835
1.1115
1.1389
1.1659
1.1925
1.2186
1.2445
1.2700
1.2952
P 5 1.00 MPa (Tsat 5 39.378C)
0.020319
0.020406
0.021796
0.023068
0.024261
0.025398
0.026492
0.027552
0.028584
0.029592
0.030581
0.031554
0.032512
0.033457
0.034392
0.035317
250.71
251.32
260.96
270.33
279.61
288.87
298.17
307.52
316.96
326.49
336.12
345.87
355.73
365.71
375.82
386.06
271.04
271.73
282.76
293.40
303.87
314.27
324.66
335.08
345.54
356.08
366.70
377.42
388.24
399.17
410.22
421.38
0.9157
0.9180
0.9526
0.9851
1.0160
1.0459
1.0749
1.1032
1.1309
1.1580
1.1847
1.2110
1.2369
1.2624
1.2876
1.3125
P 5 1.60 MPa (Tsat 5 57.888C)
0.014119 256.40 276.17 0.9107
0.012134
258.50 277.92 0.9080
0.015005
0.016060
0.017023
0.017923
0.018778
0.019597
0.020388
0.021155
0.021904
0.022636
0.023355
0.024061
0.024757
0.012372
0.013430
0.014362
0.015215
0.016014
0.016773
0.017500
0.018201
0.018882
0.019545
0.020194
0.020830
0.021456
260.91
271.78
282.11
292.19
302.16
312.09
322.03
332.02
342.06
352.19
362.40
372.71
383.13
264.46
274.62
284.51
294.28
304.01
313.76
323.55
333.41
343.34
353.37
363.51
373.75
384.12
285.47
297.10
308.34
319.37
330.30
341.19
352.09
363.02
374.01
385.07
396.20
407.43
418.78
0.9389
0.9733
1.0056
1.0364
1.0661
1.0949
1.1230
1.1504
1.1773
1.2038
1.2298
1.2554
1.2808
280.71
293.27
305.09
316.53
327.78
338.93
350.03
361.14
372.27
383.46
394.71
406.04
417.46
0.9164
0.9536
0.9875
1.0195
1.0501
1.0795
1.1081
1.1360
1.1633
1.1901
1.2164
1.2422
1.2677
11/29/13 9:52 AM
921
APPENDIX 1
400
10
00
95
0
90
0
85
0
80
0
0
0
110
350
105
115
1200
1250
kg/m 3
300
0
250
1300
1400
200
1350
1450
10
150
1500
100
20
450
70
500
550
600
700
100
120
2
40
24
1
16
12
0.4
8
0.4
6
2.4
8
2.4
0
2.3
2
2.2
4
2.1
6k
J/k
g·K
s=
2.0
8
2.00
1.92
1.76
1.84
1.60
1.68
1.52
1.36
1.44
1.28
1.20
1.12
0.88
0.80
0.72
2.4
1.6
s
0.64
4
350
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
T = 160∞C
140
100
550
600
650
2.7
2
2.6
4
2.5
6
s=
2.4
500
0.04
0.6
8
80
60
20
0
–40
–20
450
400
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
0.8
0.4
0.9
satura
300
0.8
0.7
0.6
X=0
.5
250
40
por
ted va
200
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
150
120
liquid
–60
0.02
0.01
100
0.1
1.2
satur
ated
0.04
0.2
3.2
–40
0.1
0.96
–20
0.2
1.04
Pressure, MPa
2
32
20
T = 0‡C
0°C
1
4
90
70
60
50
40
60
R-134a
10
/m33
kg/m
2000kg
tyh==20
ensisity
DDen
160
0
60 500
80
4
750
20
300
400
0
650
700
0.02
0.3
0.01
750
FIGURE A–14
P-h diagram for refrigerant-134a.
Note: The reference point used for the chart is different than that used in the R-134a tables. Therefore, problems should be solved using all property
data either from the tables or from the chart, but not from both.
Source of Data: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 921
11/29/13 9:52 AM
922
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
(a) Low pressures, 0 < PR < 1.0
1.0
5 070
0.7 .
5
0.6
0.60
0.9
8.0 0
TR = 5.00
3.00
6.0 0
2.00
4.0 0 3.5 0
3.0 0
2 .6 0 2 .4 0 .2 0
2
2.0 0
1.8 0
0.
80
1.60
1.40
1 .6 0 .5 0
1
1.4 0
1.3 0
0.8
5
0.8
0
1.2 0
1 .1 0
Pv
RT
0. 9
1.30
TR = 2.5 Z ≈1.00
TR = 15 ≈ TR = 3.00
NOTE
0.7
1.20
1.15
1.00
0.90
0.9
5
0.80
1.0
5
---DEVIATION > 1.0%
v R=
REDUCED TEMPERATURE,
20
15
0.90
0.00
10
0.80
vRr
0.05
0.75
0.10
PR
1953
0.3
0.0
0.85
12
0
0.7
v
PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, v = ––—–––
R
RTcr / Pcr
0.4
Z
CHART
No.
1
T
Tcr
TR = —–
5
0.6
0.5
0.95
1.0
R
0 .7
T
2.00
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.10
1.05
1.00
0.95
0.90
30
REDUCED PRESSURE, P = —–
00..60
P
Pcr
1.00
=
NELSON — OBERT
GENERALIZED
COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS
0.6
1.10
R
COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR, Z = —–
5.0 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
REDUCED PRESSURE, P
R
(b) Intermediate pressures, 0 < PR < 7
3.50
1.10
TR = 5.00
3.
00 60 1.40
1.
20
1.
Pv
RT
COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR, Z = —–
0
0.90
2.50
2.00
00
2.
00
53.
1.00
0
1 .0
80 70
0
.9 0 . 0 .
1.80
0 .6
0.80
1.60
0
.5 0
=0
v R 0.45
0
0.4
0.70
1.50
1.40
0
3
.
0
1.30 0.25
0 .3
5
=0
vR
0.60
.2 0
1.20
0.50
NELSON — OBERT
GENERALIZED
COMPRESSIBILITY CHARTS
1.15
1.10
0.40
P
Pcr
REDUCED PRESSURE, P = —–
R
T
Tcr
REDUCED TEMPERATURE, T = —–
R
1.05
R
0.30
TR = 1.00
0.20
0.0
0.5
1.0
v
PSEUDO REDUCED VOLUME, v = —–
CHART
No.
2
RTcr / Pcr
1953
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
REDUCED PRESSURE, P
R
FIGURE A–15
Nelson–Obert generalized compressibility chart.
Used with permission of Dr. Edward E. Obert, University of Wisconsin.
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 922
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923
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 16
Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude
Altitude,
m
Temperature,
8C
Pressure,
kPa
Gravity
g, m/s2
Speed of
Sound,
m/s
Density,
kg/m3
Viscosity
m, kg/m·s
Thermal
Conductivity,
W/m·K
0
200
400
600
800
15.00
13.70
12.40
11.10
9.80
101.33
98.95
96.61
94.32
92.08
9.807
9.806
9.805
9.805
9.804
340.3
339.5
338.8
338.0
337.2
1.225
1.202
1.179
1.156
1.134
1.789
1.783
1.777
1.771
1.764
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
0.0253
0.0252
0.0252
0.0251
0.0250
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
8.50
7.20
5.90
4.60
3.30
89.88
87.72
85.60
83.53
81.49
9.804
9.803
9.802
9.802
9.801
336.4
335.7
334.9
334.1
333.3
1.112
1.090
1.069
1.048
1.027
1.758
1.752
1.745
1.739
1.732
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
0.0249
0.0248
0.0247
0.0245
0.0244
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
2.00
0.70
20.59
21.89
23.19
79.50
77.55
75.63
73.76
71.92
9.800
9.800
9.799
9.799
9.798
332.5
331.7
331.0
330.2
329.4
1.007
0.987
0.967
0.947
0.928
1.726
1.720
1.713
1.707
1.700
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
0.0243
0.0242
0.0241
0.0240
0.0239
3000
3200
3400
3600
3800
24.49
25.79
27.09
28.39
29.69
70.12
68.36
66.63
64.94
63.28
9.797
9.797
9.796
9.796
9.795
328.6
327.8
327.0
326.2
325.4
0.909
0.891
0.872
0.854
0.837
1.694
1.687
1.681
1.674
1.668
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
0.0238
0.0237
0.0236
0.0235
0.0234
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
210.98
212.3
213.6
214.9
216.2
61.66
60.07
58.52
57.00
55.51
9.794
9.794
9.793
9.793
9.792
324.6
323.8
323.0
322.2
321.4
0.819
0.802
0.785
0.769
0.752
1.661
1.655
1.648
1.642
1.635
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
0.0233
0.0232
0.0231
0.0230
0.0229
5000
5200
5400
5600
5800
217.5
218.8
220.1
221.4
222.7
54.05
52.62
51.23
49.86
48.52
9.791
9.791
9.790
9.789
9.785
320.5
319.7
318.9
318.1
317.3
0.736
0.721
0.705
0.690
0.675
1.628
1.622
1.615
1.608
1.602
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
0.0228
0.0227
0.0226
0.0224
0.0223
6000
6200
6400
6600
6800
224.0
225.3
226.6
227.9
229.2
47.22
45.94
44.69
43.47
42.27
9.788
9.788
9.787
9.786
9.785
316.5
315.6
314.8
314.0
313.1
0.660
0.646
0.631
0.617
0.604
1.595
1.588
1.582
1.575
1.568
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
0.0222
0.0221
0.0220
0.0219
0.0218
7000
8000
9000
230.5
236.9
243.4
41.11
35.65
30.80
9.785
9.782
9.779
312.3
308.1
303.8
0.590
0.526
0.467
1.561 3 1025
1.527 3 1025
1.493 3 1025
0.0217
0.0212
0.0206
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
249.9
256.5
256.5
256.5
256.5
26.50
19.40
14.17
10.53
7.57
9.776
9.770
9.764
9.758
9.751
299.5
295.1
295.1
295.1
295.1
0.414
0.312
0.228
0.166
0.122
1.458
1.422
1.422
1.422
1.422
0.0201
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
3
3
3
3
3
1025
1025
1025
1025
1025
Source of Data: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Based on year-round mean conditions at 458 latitude and
varies with the time of the year and the weather patterns. The conditions at sea level (z 5 0) are taken to be P 5 101.325 kPa, T 5 158C, r 5 1.2250 kg/m3,
g 5 9.80665 m2/s.
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 923
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924
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A– 17
Ideal-gas properties of air
T
K
h
kJ/kg
Pr
u
kJ/kg
vr
s8
kJ/kg·K
T
K
h
kJ/kg
Pr
u
kJ/kg
vr
s8
kJ/kg·K
200
210
220
230
240
199.97
209.97
219.97
230.02
240.02
0.3363
0.3987
0.4690
0.5477
0.6355
142.56
149.69
156.82
164.00
171.13
1707.0
1512.0
1346.0
1205.0
1084.0
1.29559
1.34444
1.39105
1.43557
1.47824
580
590
600
610
620
586.04
596.52
607.02
617.53
628.07
14.38
15.31
16.28
17.30
18.36
419.55
427.15
434.78
442.42
450.09
115.7
110.6
105.8
101.2
96.92
2.37348
2.39140
2.40902
2.42644
2.44356
250
260
270
280
285
250.05
260.09
270.11
280.13
285.14
0.7329
0.8405
0.9590
1.0889
1.1584
178.28
185.45
192.60
199.75
203.33
979.0
887.8
808.0
738.0
706.1
1.51917
1.55848
1.59634
1.63279
1.65055
630
640
650
660
670
638.63
649.22
659.84
670.47
681.14
19.84
20.64
21.86
23.13
24.46
457.78
465.50
473.25
481.01
488.81
92.84
88.99
85.34
81.89
78.61
2.46048
2.47716
2.49364
2.50985
2.52589
290
295
298
300
305
290.16
295.17
298.18
300.19
305.22
1.2311
1.3068
1.3543
1.3860
1.4686
206.91
210.49
212.64
214.07
217.67
676.1
647.9
631.9
621.2
596.0
1.66802
1.68515
1.69528
1.70203
1.71865
680
690
700
710
720
691.82
702.52
713.27
724.04
734.82
25.85
27.29
28.80
30.38
32.02
496.62
504.45
512.33
520.23
528.14
75.50
72.56
69.76
67.07
64.53
2.54175
2.55731
2.57277
2.58810
2.60319
310
315
320
325
330
310.24
315.27
320.29
325.31
330.34
1.5546
1.6442
1.7375
1.8345
1.9352
221.25
224.85
228.42
232.02
235.61
572.3
549.8
528.6
508.4
489.4
1.73498
1.75106
1.76690
1.78249
1.79783
730
740
750
760
780
745.62
756.44
767.29
778.18
800.03
33.72
35.50
37.35
39.27
43.35
536.07
544.02
551.99
560.01
576.12
62.13
59.82
57.63
55.54
51.64
2.61803
2.63280
2.64737
2.66176
2.69013
340
350
360
370
380
340.42
350.49
360.58
370.67
380.77
2.149
2.379
2.626
2.892
3.176
242.82
250.02
257.24
264.46
271.69
454.1
422.2
393.4
367.2
343.4
1.82790
1.85708
1.88543
1.91313
1.94001
800
820
840
860
880
821.95
843.98
866.08
888.27
910.56
47.75
52.59
57.60
63.09
68.98
592.30
608.59
624.95
641.40
657.95
48.08
44.84
41.85
39.12
36.61
2.71787
2.74504
2.77170
2.79783
2.82344
390
400
410
420
430
390.88
400.98
411.12
421.26
431.43
3.481
3.806
4.153
4.522
4.915
278.93
286.16
293.43
300.69
307.99
321.5
301.6
283.3
266.6
251.1
1.96633
1.99194
2.01699
2.04142
2.06533
900
920
940
960
980
932.93
955.38
977.92
1000.55
1023.25
75.29
82.05
89.28
97.00
105.2
674.58
691.28
708.08
725.02
741.98
34.31
32.18
30.22
28.40
26.73
2.84856
2.87324
2.89748
2.92128
2.94468
440
450
460
470
480
441.61
451.80
462.02
472.24
482.49
5.332
5.775
6.245
6.742
7.268
315.30
322.62
329.97
337.32
344.70
236.8
223.6
211.4
200.1
189.5
2.08870
2.11161
2.13407
2.15604
2.17760
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
1046.04
1068.89
1091.85
1114.86
1137.89
114.0
123.4
133.3
143.9
155.2
758.94
776.10
793.36
810.62
827.88
25.17
23.72
23.29
21.14
19.98
2.96770
2.99034
3.01260
3.03449
3.05608
490
500
510
520
530
492.74
503.02
513.32
523.63
533.98
7.824
8.411
9.031
9.684
10.37
352.08
359.49
366.92
374.36
381.84
179.7
170.6
162.1
154.1
146.7
2.19876
2.21952
2.23993
2.25997
2.27967
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
1161.07
1184.28
1207.57
1230.92
1254.34
167.1
179.7
193.1
207.2
222.2
845.33
862.79
880.35
897.91
915.57
18.896
17.886
16.946
16.064
15.241
3.07732
3.09825
3.11883
3.13916
3.15916
540
550
560
570
544.35
555.74
565.17
575.59
11.10
11.86
12.66
13.50
389.34
396.86
404.42
411.97
139.7
133.1
127.0
121.2
2.29906
2.31809
2.33685
2.35531
1200
1220
1240
1277.79
1301.31
1324.93
238.0
254.7
272.3
933.33
951.09
968.95
14.470
13.747
13.069
3.17888
3.19834
3.21751
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 924
11/29/13 9:52 AM
925
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 17
Ideal-gas properties of air (Concluded)
T
K
h
kJ/kg
Pr
u
kJ/kg
vr
s8
kJ/kg·K
T
K
h
kJ/kg
1260
1280
1348.55
1372.24
290.8
310.4
986.90
1004.76
12.435 3.23638
11.835 3.25510
1600 1757.57
1620 1782.00
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
1395.97
1419.76
1443.60
1467.49
1491.44
330.9
352.5
375.3
399.1
424.2
1022.82
1040.88
1058.94
1077.10
1095.26
11.275
10.747
10.247
9.780
9.337
3.27345
3.29160
3.30959
3.32724
3.34474
1640
1660
1680
1700
1750
1806.46 878.9
1830.96 925.6
1855.50 974.2
1880.1 1025
1941.6 1161
1335.72
1354.48
1373.24
1392.7
1439.8
5.355
5.147
4.949
4.761
4.328
3.55381
3.56867
3.58335
3.5979
3.6336
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
1515.42
1539.44
1563.51
1587.63
1611.79
450.5
478.0
506.9
537.1
568.8
1113.52
1131.77
1150.13
1168.49
1186.95
8.919
8.526
8.153
7.801
7.468
3.36200
3.37901
3.39586
3.41247
3.42892
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2003.3
2065.3
2127.4
2189.7
2252.1
1310
1475
1655
1852
2068
1487.2
1534.9
1582.6
1630.6
1678.7
3.994
3.601
3.295
3.022
2.776
3.6684
3.7023
3.7354
3.7677
3.7994
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
1635.97
1660.23
1684.51
1708.82
1733.17
601.9
636.5
672.8
710.5
750.0
1205.41
1223.87
1242.43
1260.99
1279.65
7.152
6.854
6.569
6.301
6.046
3.44516
3.46120
3.47712
3.49276
3.50829
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2314.6
2377.7
2440.3
2503.2
2566.4
2303
2559
2837
3138
3464
1726.8
1775.3
1823.8
1872.4
1921.3
2.555
2.356
2.175
2.012
1.864
3.8303
3.8605
3.8901
3.9191
3.9474
Pr
u
kJ/kg
vr
791.2 1298.30 5.804
834.1 1316.96 5.574
s8
kJ/kg·K
3.52364
3.53879
Note: The properties Pr (relative pressure) and vr (relative specific volume) are dimensionless quantities used in the analysis of isentropic processes, and
should not be confused with the properties pressure and specific volume.
Source of Data: Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 785–86, table A–5. Originally published in J. H. Keenan
and J. Kaye, Gas Tables (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1948).
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 925
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926
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABL E A– 18
Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2
_
_
T
h
u
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
0
220
230
240
250
0
6,391
6,683
6,975
7,266
0
4,562
4,770
4,979
5,188
0
182.639
183.938
185.180
186.370
600
610
620
630
640
17,563
17,864
18,166
18,468
18,772
12,574
12,792
13,011
13,230
13,450
212.066
212.564
213.055
213.541
214.018
260
270
280
290
298
7,558
7,849
8,141
8,432
8,669
5,396
5,604
5,813
6,021
6,190
187.514
188.614
189.673
190.695
191.502
650
660
670
680
690
19,075
19,380
19,685
19,991
20,297
13,671
13,892
14,114
14,337
14,560
214.489
214.954
215.413
215.866
216.314
300
310
320
330
340
8,723
9,014
9,306
9,597
9,888
6,229
6,437
6,645
6,853
7,061
191.682
192.638
193.562
194.459
195.328
700
710
720
730
740
20,604
20,912
21,220
21,529
21,839
14,784
15,008
15,234
15,460
15,686
216.756
217.192
217.624
218.059
218.472
350
360
370
380
390
10,180
10,471
10,763
11,055
11,347
7,270
7,478
7,687
7,895
8,104
196.173
196.995
197.794
198.572
199.331
750
760
770
780
790
22,149
22,460
22,772
23,085
23,398
15,913
16,141
16,370
16,599
16,830
218.889
219.301
219.709
220.113
220.512
400
410
420
430
440
11,640
11,932
12,225
12,518
12,811
8,314
8,523
8,733
8,943
9,153
200.071
200.794
201.499
202.189
202.863
800
810
820
830
840
23,714
24,027
24,342
24,658
24,974
17,061
17,292
17,524
17,757
17,990
220.907
221.298
221.684
222.067
222.447
450
460
470
480
490
13,105
13,399
13,693
13,988
14,285
9,363
9,574
9,786
9,997
10,210
203.523
204.170
204.803
205.424
206.033
850
860
870
880
890
25,292
25,610
25,928
26,248
26,568
18,224
18,459
18,695
18,931
19,168
222.822
223.194
223.562
223.927
224.288
500
510
520
530
540
14,581
14,876
15,172
15,469
15,766
10,423
10,635
10,848
11,062
11,277
206.630
207.216
207.792
208.358
208.914
900
910
920
930
940
26,890
27,210
27,532
27,854
28,178
19,407
19,644
19,883
20,122
20,362
224.647
225.002
225.353
225.701
226.047
550
560
570
580
590
16,064
16,363
16,662
16,962
17,262
11,492
11,707
11,923
12,139
12,356
209.461
209.999
210.528
211.049
211.562
950
960
970
980
990
28,501
28,826
29,151
29,476
29,803
20,603
20,844
21,086
21,328
21,571
226.389
226.728
227.064
227.398
227.728
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 926
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927
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 18
Ideal-gas properties of nitrogen, N2 (Concluded)
_
_
_
T
h
u
s8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
30,129
30,784
31,442
32,101
32,762
21,815
22,304
22,795
23,288
23,782
228.057
228.706
229.344
229.973
230.591
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
56,227
56,938
57,651
58,363
59,075
41,594
42,139
42,685
43,231
43,777
247.396
247.798
248.195
248.589
248.979
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
33,426
34,092
34,760
35,430
36,104
24,280
24,780
25,282
25,786
26,291
231.199
231.799
232.391
232.973
233.549
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
59,790
60,504
61,220
61,936
62,654
44,324
44,873
45,423
45,973
46,524
249.365
249.748
250.128
250.502
250.874
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
36,777
37,452
38,129
38,807
39,488
26,799
27,308
27,819
28,331
28,845
234.115
234.673
235.223
235.766
236.302
1960
1980
2000
2050
2100
63,381
64,090
64,810
66,612
68,417
47,075
47,627
48,181
49,567
50,957
251.242
251.607
251.969
252.858
253.726
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
40,170
40,853
41,539
42,227
42,915
29,361
29,378
30,398
30,919
31,441
236.831
237.353
237.867
238.376
238.878
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
70,226
72,040
73,856
75,676
77,496
52,351
53,749
55,149
56,553
57,958
254.578
255.412
256.227
257.027
257.810
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
43,605
44,295
44,988
45,682
46,377
31,964
32,489
33,014
33,543
34,071
239.375
239.865
240.350
240.827
241.301
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
79,320
81,149
82,981
84,814
86,650
59,366
60,779
62,195
63,613
65,033
258.580
259.332
260.073
260.799
261.512
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
47,073
47,771
48,470
49,168
49,869
34,601
35,133
35,665
36,197
36,732
241.768
242.228
242.685
243.137
243.585
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
88,488
90,328
92,171
94,014
95,859
66,455
67,880
69,306
70,734
72,163
262.213
262.902
263.577
264.241
264.895
1600
1620
1640
1660
1680
50,571
51,275
51,980
52,686
53,393
37,268
37,806
38,344
38,884
39,424
244.028
244.464
244.896
245.324
245.747
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
97,705
99,556
101,407
103,260
105,115
73,593
75,028
76,464
77,902
79,341
265.538
266.170
266.793
267.404
268.007
1700
1720
1740
54,099
54,807
55,516
39,965
40,507
41,049
246.166
246.580
246.990
3150
3200
3250
106,972
108,830
110,690
80,782
82,224
83,668
268.601
269.186
269.763
Source of Data: Tables A–18 through A–25 are adapted from Kenneth Wark, Thermodynamics, 4th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983), pp. 787–98.
Originally published in JANAF, Thermochemical Tables, NSRDS-NBS-37, 1971.
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 927
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928
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 19
Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2
_
_
T
h
u
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
0
220
230
240
250
0
6,404
6,694
6,984
7,275
0
4,575
4,782
4,989
5,197
0
196.171
197.461
198.696
199.885
600
610
620
630
640
17,929
18,250
18,572
18,895
19,219
12,940
13,178
13,417
13,657
13,898
226.346
226.877
227.400
227.918
228.429
260
270
280
290
298
7,566
7,858
8,150
8,443
8,682
5,405
5,613
5,822
6,032
6,203
201.027
202.128
203.191
204.218
205.033
650
660
670
680
690
19,544
19,870
20,197
20,524
20,854
14,140
14,383
14,626
14,871
15,116
228.932
229.430
229.920
230.405
230.885
300
310
320
330
340
8,736
9,030
9,325
9,620
9,916
6,242
6,453
6,664
6,877
7,090
205.213
206.177
207.112
208.020
208.904
700
710
720
730
740
21,184
21,514
21,845
22,177
22,510
15,364
15,611
15,859
16,107
16,357
231.358
231.827
232.291
232.748
233.201
350
360
370
380
390
10,213
10,511
10,809
11,109
11,409
7,303
7,518
7,733
7,949
8,166
209.765
210.604
211.423
212.222
213.002
750
760
770
780
790
22,844
23,178
23,513
23,850
24,186
16,607
16,859
17,111
17,364
17,618
233.649
234.091
234.528
234.960
235.387
400
410
420
430
440
11,711
12,012
12,314
12,618
12,923
8,384
8,603
8,822
9,043
9,264
213.765
214.510
215.241
215.955
216.656
800
810
820
830
840
24,523
24,861
25,199
25,537
25,877
17,872
18,126
18,382
18,637
18,893
235.810
236.230
236.644
237.055
237.462
450
460
470
480
490
13,228
13,525
13,842
14,151
14,460
9,487
9,710
9,935
10,160
10,386
217.342
218.016
218.676
219.326
219.963
850
860
870
880
890
26,218
26,559
26,899
27,242
27,584
19,150
19,408
19,666
19,925
20,185
237.864
238.264
238.660
239.051
239.439
500
510
520
530
540
14,770
15,082
15,395
15,708
16,022
10,614
10,842
11,071
11,301
11,533
220.589
221.206
221.812
222.409
222.997
900
910
920
930
940
27,928
28,272
28,616
28,960
29,306
20,445
20,706
20,967
21,228
21,491
239.823
240.203
240.580
240.953
241.323
550
560
570
580
590
16,338
16,654
16,971
17,290
17,609
11,765
11,998
12,232
12,467
12,703
223.576
224.146
224.708
225.262
225.808
950
960
970
980
990
29,652
29,999
30,345
30,692
31,041
21,754
22,017
22,280
22,544
22,809
241.689
242.052
242.411
242.768
242.120
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 928
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929
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 19
Ideal-gas properties of oxygen, O2 (Concluded )
_
_
_
T
h
u
s8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
31,389
32,088
32,789
33,490
34,194
23,075
23,607
24,142
24,677
25,214
243.471
244.164
244.844
245.513
246.171
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
58,880
59,624
60,371
61,118
61,866
44,247
44,825
45,405
45,986
46,568
263.861
264.283
264.701
265.113
265.521
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
34,899
35,606
36,314
37,023
37,734
25,753
26,294
26,836
27,379
27,923
246.818
247.454
248.081
248.698
249.307
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
62,616
63,365
64,116
64,868
65,620
47,151
47,734
48,319
48,904
49,490
265.925
266.326
266.722
267.115
267.505
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
38,447
39,162
39,877
40,594
41,312
28,469
29,018
29,568
30,118
30,670
249.906
250.497
251.079
251.653
252.219
1960
1980
2000
2050
2100
66,374
67,127
67,881
69,772
71,668
50,078
50,665
51,253
52,727
54,208
267.891
268.275
268.655
269.588
270.504
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
42,033
42,753
43,475
44,198
44,923
31,224
31,778
32,334
32,891
33,449
252.776
253.325
253.868
254.404
254.932
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
73,573
75,484
77,397
79,316
81,243
55,697
57,192
58,690
60,193
61,704
271.399
272.278
273.136
273.891
274.809
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
45,648
46,374
47,102
47,831
48,561
34,008
34,567
35,129
35,692
36,256
255.454
255.968
256.475
256.978
257.474
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
83,174
85,112
87,057
89,004
90,956
63,219
64,742
66,271
67,802
69,339
275.625
276.424
277.207
277.979
278.738
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
49,292
50,024
50,756
51,490
52,224
36,821
37,387
37,952
38,520
39,088
257.965
258.450
258.928
259.402
259.870
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
92,916
94,881
96,852
98,826
100,808
70,883
72,433
73,987
75,546
77,112
279.485
280.219
280.942
281.654
282.357
1600
1620
1640
1660
1680
52,961
53,696
54,434
55,172
55,912
39,658
40,227
40,799
41,370
41,944
260.333
260.791
261.242
261.690
262.132
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
102,793
104,785
106,780
108,778
110,784
78,682
80,258
81,837
83,419
85,009
283.048
283.728
284.399
285.060
285.713
1700
1720
1740
56,652
57,394
58,136
42,517
43,093
43,669
262.571
263.005
263.435
3150
3200
3250
112,795
114,809
116,827
86,601
88,203
89,804
286.355
286.989
287.614
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 929
11/29/13 9:52 AM
930
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 20
Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2
_
_
T
h
u
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
0
220
230
240
250
0
6,601
6,938
7,280
7,627
0
4,772
5,026
5,285
5,548
0
202.966
204.464
205.920
207.337
600
610
620
630
640
22,280
22,754
23,231
23,709
24,190
17,291
17,683
18,076
18,471
18,869
243.199
243.983
244.758
245.524
246.282
260
270
280
290
298
7,979
8,335
8,697
9,063
9,364
5,817
6,091
6,369
6,651
6,885
208.717
210.062
211.376
212.660
213.685
650
660
670
680
690
24,674
25,160
25,648
26,138
26,631
19,270
19,672
20,078
20,484
20,894
247.032
247.773
248.507
249.233
249.952
300
310
320
330
340
9,431
9,807
10,186
10,570
10,959
6,939
7,230
7,526
7,826
8,131
213.915
215.146
216.351
217.534
218.694
700
710
720
730
740
27,125
27,622
28,121
28,622
29,124
21,305
21,719
22,134
22,522
22,972
250.663
251.368
252.065
252.755
253.439
350
360
370
380
390
11,351
11,748
12,148
12,552
12,960
8,439
8,752
9,068
9,392
9,718
219.831
220.948
222.044
223.122
224.182
750
760
770
780
790
29,629
30,135
30,644
31,154
31,665
23,393
23,817
24,242
24,669
25,097
254.117
254.787
255.452
256.110
256.762
400
410
420
430
440
13,372
13,787
14,206
14,628
15,054
10,046
10,378
10,714
11,053
11,393
225.225
226.250
227.258
228.252
229.230
800
810
820
830
840
32,179
32,694
33,212
33,730
34,251
25,527
25,959
26,394
26,829
27,267
257.408
258.048
258.682
259.311
259.934
450
460
470
480
490
15,483
15,916
16,351
16,791
17,232
11,742
12,091
12,444
12,800
13,158
230.194
231.144
232.080
233.004
233.916
850
860
870
880
890
34,773
35,296
35,821
36,347
36,876
27,706
28,125
28,588
29,031
29,476
260.551
261.164
261.770
262.371
262.968
500
510
520
530
540
17,678
18,126
18,576
19,029
19,485
13,521
13,885
14,253
14,622
14,996
234.814
235.700
236.575
237.439
238.292
900
910
920
930
940
37,405
37,935
38,467
39,000
39,535
29,922
30,369
30,818
31,268
31,719
263.559
264.146
264.728
265.304
265.877
550
560
570
580
590
19,945
20,407
20,870
21,337
21,807
15,372
15,751
16,131
16,515
16,902
239.135
239.962
240.789
241.602
242.405
950
960
970
980
990
40,070
40,607
41,145
41,685
42,226
32,171
32,625
33,081
33,537
33,995
266.444
267.007
267.566
268.119
268.670
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 930
11/29/13 9:52 AM
931
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 20
Ideal-gas properties of carbon dioxide, CO2 (Concluded)
_
_
_
T
h
u
s8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
42,769
43,859
44,953
46,051
47,153
34,455
35,378
36,306
37,238
38,174
269.215
270.293
271.354
272.400
273.430
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
86,420
87,612
88,806
90,000
91,196
71,787
72,812
73,840
74,868
75,897
301.543
302.217
302.884
303.544
304.198
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
48,258
49,369
50,484
51,602
52,724
39,112
40,057
41,006
41,957
42,913
274.445
275.444
276.430
277.403
278.361
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
92,394
93,593
94,793
95,995
97,197
76,929
77,962
78,996
80,031
81,067
304.845
305.487
306.122
306.751
307.374
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
53,848
54,977
56,108
57,244
58,381
43,871
44,834
45,799
46,768
47,739
297.307
280.238
281.158
282.066
282.962
1960
1980
2000
2050
2100
98,401
99,606
100,804
103,835
106,864
82,105
83,144
84,185
86,791
89,404
307.992
308.604
309.210
310.701
312.160
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
59,522
60,666
61,813
62,963
64,116
48,713
49,691
50,672
51,656
52,643
283.847
284.722
285.586
286.439
287.283
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
109,898
112,939
115,984
119,035
122,091
92,023
94,648
97,277
99,912
102,552
313.589
314.988
316.356
317.695
319.011
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
65,271
66,427
67,586
68,748
66,911
53,631
54,621
55,614
56,609
57,606
288.106
288.934
289.743
290.542
291.333
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
125,152
128,219
131,290
134,368
137,449
105,197
107,849
110,504
113,166
115,832
320.302
321.566
322.808
324.026
325.222
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
71,078
72,246
73,417
74,590
76,767
58,606
59,609
60,613
61,620
62,630
292.114
292.888
292.654
294.411
295.161
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
140,533
143,620
146,713
149,808
152,908
118,500
121,172
123,849
126,528
129,212
326.396
327.549
328.684
329.800
330.896
1600
1620
1640
1660
1680
76,944
78,123
79,303
80,486
81,670
63,741
64,653
65,668
66,592
67,702
295.901
296.632
297.356
298.072
298.781
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
156,009
159,117
162,226
165,341
168,456
131,898
134,589
137,283
139,982
142,681
331.975
333.037
334.084
335.114
336.126
1700
1720
1740
82,856
84,043
85,231
68,721
69,742
70,764
299.482
300.177
300.863
3150
3200
3250
171,576
174,695
177,822
145,385
148,089
150,801
337.124
338.109
339.069
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 931
11/29/13 9:52 AM
932
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 21
Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO
_
_
_
T
h
u
s8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
0
220
230
240
250
0
6,391
6,683
6,975
7,266
0
4,562
4,771
4,979
5,188
0
188.683
189.980
191.221
192.411
600
610
620
630
640
17,611
17,915
18,221
18,527
18,833
12,622
12,843
13,066
13,289
13,512
218.204
218.708
219.205
219.695
220.179
260
270
280
290
298
7,558
7,849
8,140
8,432
8,669
5,396
5,604
5,812
6,020
6,190
193.554
194.654
195.713
196.735
197.543
650
660
670
680
690
19,141
19,449
19,758
20,068
20,378
13,736
13,962
14,187
14,414
14,641
220.656
221.127
221.592
222.052
222.505
300
310
320
330
340
8,723
9,014
9,306
9,597
9,889
6,229
6,437
6,645
6,854
7,062
197.723
198.678
199.603
200.500
201.371
700
710
720
730
740
20,690
21,002
21,315
21,628
21,943
14,870
15,099
15,328
15,558
15,789
222.953
223.396
223.833
224.265
224.692
350
360
370
380
390
10,181
10,473
10,765
11,058
11,351
7,271
7,480
7,689
7,899
8,108
202.217
203.040
203.842
204.622
205.383
750
760
770
780
790
22,258
22,573
22,890
23,208
23,526
16,022
16,255
16,488
16,723
16,957
225.115
225.533
225.947
226.357
226.762
400
410
420
430
440
11,644
11,938
12,232
12,526
12,821
8,319
8,529
8,740
8,951
9,163
206.125
206.850
207.549
208.252
208.929
800
810
820
830
840
23,844
24,164
24,483
24,803
25,124
17,193
17,429
17,665
17,902
18,140
227.162
227.559
227.952
228.339
228.724
450
460
470
480
490
13,116
13,412
13,708
14,005
14,302
9,375
9,587
9,800
10,014
10,228
209.593
210.243
210.880
211.504
212.117
850
860
870
880
890
25,446
25,768
26,091
26,415
26,740
18,379
18,617
18,858
19,099
19,341
229.106
229.482
229.856
230.227
230.593
500
510
520
530
540
14,600
14,898
15,197
15,497
15,797
10,443
10,658
10,874
11,090
11,307
212.719
213.310
213.890
214.460
215.020
900
910
920
930
940
27,066
27,392
27,719
28,046
28,375
19,583
19,826
20,070
20,314
20,559
230.957
231.317
231.674
232.028
232.379
550
560
570
580
590
16,097
16,399
16,701
17,003
17,307
11,524
11,743
11,961
12,181
12,401
215.572
216.115
216.649
217.175
217.693
950
960
970
980
990
28,703
29,033
29,362
29,693
30,024
20,805
21,051
21,298
21,545
21,793
232.727
233.072
233.413
233.752
234.088
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 932
11/29/13 9:52 AM
933
APPENDIX 1
TA BL E A–2 1
Ideal-gas properties of carbon monoxide, CO (Concluded)
_
_
_
T
h
u
s8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
30,355
31,020
31,688
32,357
33,029
22,041
22,540
23,041
23,544
24,049
234.421
235.079
235.728
236.364
236.992
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
56,756
57,473
58,191
58,910
59,629
42,123
42,673
43,225
43,778
44,331
253.991
254.398
254.797
255.194
255.587
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
33,702
34,377
35,054
35,733
36,406
24,557
25,065
25,575
26,088
26,602
237.609
238.217
238.817
239.407
239.989
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
60,351
61,072
61,794
62,516
63,238
44,886
45,441
45,997
46,552
47,108
255.976
256.361
256.743
257.122
257.497
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
37,095
37,780
38,466
39,154
39,844
27,118
27,637
28,426
28,678
29,201
240.663
241.128
241.686
242.236
242.780
1960
1980
2000
2050
2100
63,961
64,684
65,408
67,224
69,044
47,665
48,221
48,780
50,179
51,584
257.868
258.236
258.600
259.494
260.370
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
40,534
41,226
41,919
42,613
43,309
29,725
30,251
30,778
31,306
31,836
243.316
243.844
244.366
244.880
245.388
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
70,864
72,688
74,516
76,345
78,178
52,988
54,396
55,809
57,222
58,640
261.226
262.065
262.887
263.692
264.480
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
44,007
44,707
45,408
46,110
46,813
32,367
32,900
33,434
33,971
34,508
245.889
246.385
246.876
247.360
247.839
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
80,015
81,852
83,692
85,537
87,383
60,060
61,482
62,906
64,335
65,766
265.253
266.012
266.755
267.485
268.202
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
47,517
48,222
48,928
49,635
50,344
35,046
35,584
36,124
36,665
37,207
248.312
248.778
249.240
249.695
250.147
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
89,230
91,077
92,930
94,784
96,639
67,197
68,628
70,066
71,504
72,945
268.905
269.596
270.285
270.943
271.602
1600
1620
1640
1660
1680
51,053
51,763
52,472
53,184
53,895
37,750
38,293
38,837
39,382
39,927
250.592
251.033
251.470
251.901
252.329
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
98,495
100,352
102,210
104,073
105,939
74,383
75,825
77,267
78,715
80,164
272.249
272.884
273.508
274.123
274.730
1700
1720
1740
54,609
55,323
56,039
40,474
41,023
41,572
252.751
253.169
253.582
3150
3200
3250
107,802
109,667
111,534
81,612
83,061
84,513
275.326
275.914
276.494
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 933
11/29/13 9:52 AM
934
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 22
Ideal-gas properties of hydrogen, H2
_
_
T
h
u
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
0
260
270
280
290
0
7,370
7,657
7,945
8,233
0
5,209
5,412
5,617
5,822
0
126.636
127.719
128.765
129.775
1440
1480
1520
1560
1600
42,808
44,091
45,384
46,683
47,990
30,835
31,786
32,746
33,713
34,687
177.410
178.291
179.153
179.995
180.820
298
300
320
340
360
8,468
8,522
9,100
9,680
10,262
5,989
6,027
6,440
6,853
7,268
130.574
130.754
132.621
134.378
136.039
1640
1680
1720
1760
1800
49,303
50,622
51,947
53,279
54,618
35,668
36,654
37,646
38,645
39,652
181.632
182.428
183.208
183.973
184.724
380
400
420
440
460
10,843
11,426
12,010
12,594
13,179
7,684
8,100
8,518
8,936
9,355
137.612
139.106
140.529
141.888
143.187
1840
1880
1920
1960
2000
55,962
57,311
58,668
60,031
61,400
40,663
41,680
42,705
43,735
44,771
185.463
186.190
186.904
187.607
188.297
480
500
520
560
600
13,764
14,350
14,935
16,107
17,280
9,773
10,193
10,611
11,451
12,291
144.432
145.628
146.775
148.945
150.968
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
63,119
64,847
66,584
68,328
70,080
46,074
47,386
48,708
50,037
51,373
189.148
189.979
190.796
191.598
192.385
640
680
720
760
800
18,453
19,630
20,807
21,988
23,171
13,133
13,976
14,821
15,669
16,520
152.863
154.645
156.328
157.923
159.440
2300
2350
2400
2450
2500
71,839
73,608
75,383
77,168
78,960
52,716
54,069
55,429
56,798
58,175
193.159
193.921
194.669
195.403
196.125
840
880
920
960
1000
24,359
25,551
26,747
27,948
29,154
17,375
18,235
19,098
19,966
20,839
160.891
162.277
163.607
164.884
166.114
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
80,755
82,558
84,368
86,186
88,008
59,554
60,941
62,335
63,737
65,144
196.837
197.539
198.229
198.907
199.575
1040
1080
1120
1160
1200
30,364
31,580
32,802
34,028
35,262
21,717
22,601
23,490
24,384
25,284
167.300
168.449
169.560
170.636
171.682
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
89,838
91,671
93,512
95,358
97,211
66,558
67,976
69,401
70,831
72,268
200.234
200.885
201.527
202.157
202.778
1240
1280
1320
1360
1400
36,502
37,749
39,002
40,263
41,530
26,192
27,106
28,027
28,955
29,889
172.698
173.687
174.652
175.593
176.510
3050
3100
3150
3200
3250
99,065
100,926
102,793
104,667
106,545
73,707
75,152
76,604
78,061
79,523
203.391
203.995
204.592
205.181
205.765
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 934
11/29/13 9:52 AM
935
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 23
Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O
_
_
T
h
u
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
0
220
230
240
250
0
7,295
7,628
7,961
8,294
0
5,466
5,715
5,965
6,215
0
178.576
180.054
181.471
182.831
600
610
620
630
640
20,402
20,765
21,130
21,495
21,862
15,413
15,693
15,975
16,257
16,541
212.920
213.529
214.122
214.707
215.285
260
270
280
290
298
8,627
8,961
9,296
9,631
9,904
6,466
6,716
6,968
7,219
7,425
184.139
185.399
186.616
187.791
188.720
650
660
670
680
690
22,230
22,600
22,970
23,342
23,714
16,826
17,112
17,399
17,688
17,978
215.856
216.419
216.976
217.527
218.071
300
310
320
330
340
9,966
10,302
10,639
10,976
11,314
7,472
7,725
7,978
8,232
8,487
188.928
190.030
191.098
192.136
193.144
700
710
720
730
740
24,088
24,464
24,840
25,218
25,597
18,268
18,561
18,854
19,148
19,444
218.610
219.142
219.668
220.189
220.707
350
360
370
380
390
11,652
11,992
12,331
12,672
13,014
8,742
8,998
9,255
9,513
9,771
194.125
195.081
196.012
196.920
197.807
750
760
770
780
790
25,977
26,358
26,741
27,125
27,510
19,741
20,039
20,339
20,639
20,941
221.215
221.720
222.221
222.717
223.207
400
410
420
430
440
13,356
13,699
14,043
14,388
14,734
10,030
10,290
10,551
10,813
11,075
198.673
199.521
200.350
201.160
201.955
800
810
820
830
840
27,896
28,284
28,672
29,062
29,454
21,245
21,549
21,855
22,162
22,470
223.693
224.174
224.651
225.123
225.592
450
460
470
480
490
15,080
15,428
15,777
16,126
16,477
11,339
11,603
11,869
12,135
12,403
202.734
203.497
204.247
204.982
205.705
850
860
870
880
890
29,846
30,240
30,635
31,032
31,429
22,779
23,090
23,402
23,715
24,029
226.057
226.517
226.973
227.426
227.875
500
510
520
530
540
16,828
17,181
17,534
17,889
18,245
12,671
12,940
13,211
13,482
13,755
206.413
207.112
207.799
208.475
209.139
900
910
920
930
940
31,828
32,228
32,629
33,032
33,436
24,345
24,662
24,980
25,300
25,621
228.321
228.763
229.202
229.637
230.070
550
560
570
580
590
18,601
18,959
19,318
19,678
20,039
14,028
14,303
14,579
14,856
15,134
209.795
210.440
211.075
211.702
212.320
950
960
970
980
990
33,841
34,247
34,653
35,061
35,472
25,943
26,265
26,588
26,913
27,240
230.499
230.924
231.347
231.767
232.184
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 935
11/29/13 9:52 AM
936
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 23
Ideal-gas properties of water vapor, H2O (Continued)
_
_
_
T
h
u
s8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
1000
1020
1040
1060
1080
35,882
36,709
37,542
38,380
39,223
27,568
28,228
28,895
29,567
30,243
232.597
233.415
234.223
235.020
235.806
1760
1780
1800
1820
1840
70,535
71,523
72,513
73,507
74,506
55,902
56,723
57,547
58,375
59,207
258.151
258.708
259.262
259.811
260.357
1100
1120
1140
1160
1180
40,071
40,923
41,780
42,642
43,509
30,925
31,611
32,301
32,997
33,698
236.584
237.352
238.110
238.859
239.600
1860
1880
1900
1920
1940
75,506
76,511
77,517
78,527
79,540
60,042
60,880
61,720
62,564
63,411
260.898
261.436
261.969
262.497
263.022
1200
1220
1240
1260
1280
44,380
45,256
46,137
47,022
47,912
34,403
35,112
35,827
36,546
37,270
240.333
241.057
241.773
242.482
243.183
1960
1980
2000
2050
2100
80,555
81,573
82,593
85,156
87,735
64,259
65,111
65,965
68,111
70,275
263.542
264.059
264.571
265.838
267.081
1300
1320
1340
1360
1380
48,807
49,707
50,612
51,521
52,434
38,000
38,732
39,470
40,213
40,960
243.877
244.564
245.243
245.915
246.582
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
90,330
92,940
95,562
98,199
100,846
72,454
74,649
76,855
79,076
81,308
268.301
269.500
270.679
271.839
272.978
1400
1420
1440
1460
1480
53,351
54,273
55,198
56,128
57,062
41,711
42,466
43,226
43,989
44,756
247.241
247.895
248.543
249.185
249.820
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
103,508
106,183
108,868
111,565
114,273
83,553
85,811
88,082
90,364
92,656
274.098
275.201
276.286
277.354
278.407
1500
1520
1540
1560
1580
57,999
58,942
59,888
60,838
61,792
45,528
46,304
47,084
47,868
48,655
250.450
251.074
251.693
252.305
252.912
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
116,991
119,717
122,453
125,198
127,952
94,958
97,269
99,588
101,917
104,256
279.441
280.462
281.464
282.453
283.429
1600
1620
1640
1660
1680
62,748
63,709
64,675
65,643
66,614
49,445
50,240
51,039
51,841
52,646
253.513
254.111
254.703
255.290
255.873
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
130,717
133,486
136,264
139,051
141,846
106,605
108,959
111,321
113,692
116,072
284.390
285.338
286.273
287.194
288.102
1700
1720
1740
67,589
68,567
69,550
53,455
54,267
55,083
256.450
257.022
257.589
3150
3200
3250
144,648
147,457
150,272
118,458
120,851
123,250
288.999
289.884
290.756
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 936
11/29/13 9:52 AM
937
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 24
Ideal-gas properties of monatomic oxygen, O
_
_
_
T
h
u
s8
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
0
298
300
500
1000
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
0
6,852
6,892
11,197
21,713
32,150
34,234
36,317
38,400
40,482
42,564
43,605
44,646
45,687
46,728
47,769
48,811
49,852
0
4,373
4,398
7,040
13,398
19,679
20,931
22,183
23,434
24,685
25,935
26,560
27,186
27,811
28,436
29,062
29,688
30,314
0
160.944
161.079
172.088
186.678
195.143
196.488
197.751
198.941
200.067
201.135
201.649
202.151
202.641
203.119
203.588
204.045
204.493
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
50,894
51,936
52,979
54,021
55,064
56,108
57,152
58,196
59,241
60,286
61,332
62,378
63,425
65,520
67,619
69,720
71,824
73,932
30,940
31,566
32,193
32,820
33,447
34,075
34,703
35,332
35,961
36,590
37,220
37,851
38,482
39,746
41,013
42,283
43,556
44,832
204.932
205.362
205.783
206.196
206.601
206.999
207.389
207.772
208.148
208.518
208.882
209.240
209.592
210.279
210.945
211.592
212.220
212.831
Ideal-gas properties of hydroxyl, OH
_
_
T
h
u
K
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
T
K
_
h
kJ/kmol
_
u
kJ/kmol
_
s8
kJ/kmol·K
0
298
300
500
1000
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
0
183.594
183.779
198.955
219.624
232.506
234.642
236.672
238.606
240.453
242.221
243.077
243.917
244.740
245.547
246.338
247.116
247.879
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
77,015
78,801
80,592
82,388
84,189
85,995
87,806
89,622
91,442
93,266
95,095
96,927
98,763
102,447
106,145
109,855
113,578
117,312
57,061
58,431
59,806
61,186
62,572
63,962
65,358
66,757
68,162
69,570
70,983
72,400
73,820
76,673
79,539
82,418
85,309
88,212
248.628
249.364
250.088
250.799
251.499
252.187
252.864
253.530
254.186
254.832
255.468
256.094
256.712
257.919
259.093
260.235
261.347
262.429
TAB LE A– 25
0
9,188
9,244
15,181
30,123
46,046
49,358
52,706
56,089
59,505
62,952
64,687
66,428
68,177
69,932
71,694
73,462
75,236
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 937
0
6,709
6,749
11,024
21,809
33,575
36,055
38,571
41,123
43,708
46,323
47,642
48,968
50,301
51,641
52,987
54,339
55,697
11/29/13 9:52 AM
938
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 26
Enthalpy of formation, Gibbs function of formation, and absolute entropy at
258C, 1 atm
_
_
_
gf8
s8
hf8
Substance
Formula
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol
kJ/kmol·K
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon monoxide
Carbon dioxide
Water vapor
Water
Hydrogen peroxide
Ammonia
Methane
Acetylene
Ethylene
Ethane
Propylene
Propane
n-Butane
n-Octane
n-Octane
n-Dodecane
Benzene
Methyl alcohol
Methyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
Ethyl alcohol
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Hydroxyl
C(s)
H2(g)
N2(g)
O2(g)
CO(g)
CO2(g)
H2O(g)
H2O(,)
H2O2(g)
NH3(g)
CH4(g)
C2H2(g)
C2H4(g)
C2H6(g)
C3H6(g)
C3H8(g)
C4H10(g)
C8H18(g)
C8H18(,)
C12H26(g)
C6H6(g)
CH3OH(g)
CH3OH(,)
C2H5OH(g)
C2H5OH(,)
O(g)
H(g)
N(g)
OH(g)
0
0
0
0
2110,530
2393,520
2241,820
2285,830
2136,310
246,190
274,850
1226,730
+52,280
284,680
+20,410
2103,850
2126,150
2208,450
2249,950
2291,010
+82,930
2200,670
2238,660
2235,310
2277,690
1249,190
1218,000
1472,650
139,460
0
0
0
0
2137,150
2394,360
2228,590
2237,180
2105,600
216,590
250,790
1209,170
168,120
232,890
162,720
223,490
215,710
116,530
+6,610
150,150
1129,660
2162,000
2166,360
2168,570
2174,890
1231,770
1203,290
1455,510
134,280
5.74
130.68
191.61
205.04
197.65
213.80
188.83
69.92
232.63
192.33
186.16
200.85
219.83
229.49
266.94
269.91
310.12
466.73
360.79
622.83
269.20
239.70
126.80
282.59
160.70
161.06
114.72
153.30
183.70
Source of Data: From JANAF, Thermochemical Tables (Midland, MI: Dow Chemical Co., 1971);
Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, NBS Technical Note 270-3, 1968; and
API Research Project 44 (Carnegie Press, 1953).
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 938
11/29/13 9:52 AM
939
APPENDIX 1
TAB LE A– 27
Properties of some common fuels and hydrocarbons
Fuel (phase)
Formula
Molar
mass,
kg/kmol
Carbon (s)
Hydrogen (g)
Carbon monoxide (g)
Methane (g)
Methanol (,)
Acetylene (g)
Ethane (g)
Ethanol (,)
Propane (,)
Butane (,)
1-Pentene (,)
Isopentane (,)
Benzene (,)
Hexene (,)
Hexane (,)
Toluene (,)
Heptane (,)
Octane (,)
Decane (,)
Gasoline (,)
Light diesel (,)
Heavy diesel (,)
Natural gas (g)
C
H2
CO
CH4
CH4O
C2H2
C2H6
C2H6O
C3H8
C4H10
C5H10
C5H12
C6H6
C6H12
C6H14
C7H8
C7H16
C8H18
C10H22
CnH1.87n
CnH1.8n
CnH1.7n
CnH3.8nN0.1n
12.011
2.016
28.013
16.043
32.042
26.038
30.070
46.069
44.097
58.123
70.134
72.150
78.114
84.161
86.177
92.141
100.204
114.231
142.285
100–110
170
200
18
Density,1
kg/L
2
—
—
—
0.790
—
—
0.790
0.500
0.579
0.641
0.626
0.877
0.673
0.660
0.867
0.684
0.703
0.730
0.72–0.78
0.78–0.84
0.82–0.88
—
Enthalpy of
vaporization,2
kJ/kg
Specific
heat,1 cp
kJ/kg·K
Higher
heating
value,3
kJ/kg
Lower
heating
value,3
kJ/kg
—
—
—
509
1168
—
172
919
335
362
363
—
433
392
366
412
365
363
361
350
270
230
—
0.708
14.4
1.05
2.20
2.53
1.69
1.75
2.44
2.77
2.42
2.20
2.32
1.72
1.84
2.27
1.71
2.24
2.23
2.21
2.4
2.2
1.9
2
32,800
141,800
10,100
55,530
22,660
49,970
51,900
29,670
50,330
49,150
47,760
48,570
41,800
47,500
48,310
42,400
48,100
47,890
47,640
47,300
46,100
45,500
50,000
32,800
120,000
10,100
50,050
19,920
48,280
47,520
26,810
46,340
45,370
44,630
44,910
40,100
44,400
44,740
40,500
44,600
44,430
44,240
44,000
43,200
42,800
45,000
1
At 1 atm and 208C.
At 258C for liquid fuels, and 1 atm and normal boiling temperature for gaseous fuels.
At 258C. Multiply by molar mass to obtain heating values in kJ/kmol.
2
3
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 939
11/29/13 9:52 AM
940
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TA BL E A –2 8
Natural logarithms of the equilibrium constant Kp
The equilibrium constant Kp for the reaction nA A + nB B ∆ nC C + nD D is defined as Kp ;
PCnC PDnD
PAnA PBnB
Temp.,
K
H2 ∆ 2H
O2 ∆ 2O
N2 ∆ 2N
298 2164.005
500
292.827
1000 239.803
1200 230.874
1400 224.463
1600 219.637
1800 215.866
2000 212.840
2200 210.353
2400
28.276
2600
26.517
2800
25.002
3000
23.685
3200
22.534
3400
21.516
3600
20.609
3800
0.202
4000
0.934
4500
2.486
5000
3.725
5500
4.743
6000
5.590
2186.975
2105.630
245.150
235.005
227.742
222.285
218.030
214.622
211.827
29.497
27.521
25.826
24.357
23.072
21.935
20.926
20.019
0.796
2.513
3.895
5.023
5.963
2367.480
2213.372
299.127
280.011
266.329
256.055
248.051
241.645
236.391
232.011
228.304
225.117
222.359
219.937
217.800
215.898
214.199
212.660
29.414
26.807
24.666
22.865
H2O ∆ H2 + 1/2O2
H2O ∆ 1/2H2 + OH
CO2 ∆ CO + 1/2O2
292.208
252.691
223.163
218.182
214.609
211.921
29.826
28.145
26.768
25.619
24.648
23.812
23.086
22.451
21.891
21.392
20.945
20.542
0.312
0.996
1.560
2.032
2106.208
260.281
226.034
220.283
216.099
213.066
210.657
28.728
27.148
25.832
24.719
23.763
22.937
22.212
21.576
21.088
20.501
20.044
0.920
1.689
2.318
2.843
2103.762
257.616
223.529
217.871
213.842
210.830
28.497
26.635
25.120
23.860
22.801
21.894
21.111
20.429
0.169
0.701
1.176
1.599
2.490
3.197
3.771
4.245
1
/2N2 + 1/2O2 ∆ NO
235.052
220.295
29.388
27.569
26.270
25.294
24.536
23.931
23.433
23.019
22.671
22.372
22.114
21.888
21.690
21.513
21.356
21.216
20.921
20.686
20.497
20.341
Source of Data: Gordon J. Van Wylen and Richard E. Sonntag, Fundamentals of Classical Thermodynamics, English/SI Version, 3rd ed. (New York: John
Wiley & Sons, 1986), p. 723, table A.14. Based on thermodynamic data given in JANAF, Thermochemical Tables (Midland, MI: Thermal Research
Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, 1971).
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 940
11/29/13 9:52 AM
941
APPENDIX 1
7.5
0.50
7.0
0.55
T
0.60
R
6.5
0.65
0.70
6.0
Sa
5.5
tur
a
ted
0.80
liq
u
id
0.90
5.0
0.85
0.90
1.10
0.92
3.5
0.94
1.20
0.96
3.0
1.15
1.25
1.30
0.98
2.5
1.40
2.0
1.50 1.60
1.5
u
Sat
0.5
r
apo 5
dv
rate
0.9
0
0.9
1.1
1.2 0
0
1.0
00
1.70 1.80
1.90 2.00
2.20
0
3
1.
1.
––
––
hideal – h
hideal – h
= ————–
Enthalpy departure Zh = ————–
RuTcr
RTcr
0.80
4.0
0.85
0.94 0.92
0.98 0.96
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06 1.08
0.75
4.5
0.75
2.40 2.60
0
1.5
2.80
2.00
0.1
0.2
0.3 0.4 0.5
1.0
3.00
4.00
0
2.0
3.0 4.0 5.0
10
20
30
FIGURE A–29
Generalized enthalpy departure chart.
Source of Data: Redrawn from Gordon van Wylen
and Richard Sontag, Fundamentals of Classical
Thermodynamics, (SI version), 2d ed., Wiley,
New York, 1976.
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 941
0.500
0.400
=
TR
0
0.9 0
9
=
0.
80
TR
0.300
SSa
attuu
rraa
tteed
dv
vaap
poo
urr
––
––
hideal – h
hideal – h
= ————–
Enthalpy departure Zh = ————–
RuTcr
RTcr
Reduced pressure, PR
0.200
0.
0
1.0
1.10
1.20
1.40
1.60
0.100
2.00
0.000
0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
PR
11/29/13 9:52 AM
TRr
8.0
rr
poou
.90
vaap
ddv
=0
e
e
t
t
aa
T
r
R
r
u
ttu
SSaa
0
1.0
0.400
0.300
80
9.0
0.500
0.
Entropy departure
10.0
sideal – s
sideal – s
= ————–
Zs = ————–
Ru
R
942
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
0.200
0.100
0.000
0
1.10
1.20
1.40
1.60
2.00
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
PR
7.0
0.55
0.60
sid
igqau
dedl
artaet
tautru
SSa
sideal – s
sideal – s
= ————–
Entropy departure Zs = ————–
Ru
R
0.50
6.0
5.0
0.70
0.75
0.75
0.80
0.80
0.85
4.0
0.90
0.90
0.94
0.92
0.98
0.94
0.85
0.92
0.96
1.00
1.02
0.96
3.0
0.94
0.98
1.04
0.98
1.06
1.10
1.20
1.0.95
00
1.0
Satu
0.1
apor
rated v
.90
0
0.2
0.3 0.40.5
4
1.0 .10
1
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.0
2.0
1.06
1.15
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.80
2.00
3.00
2.50
3.0 4.0 5.0
Reduced pressure, PR
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 942
1.02
1.08
2.0
0
0.65
FIGURE A–30
Generalized entropy departure chart.
10
20
30
Source of Data: Redrawn from Gordon van Wylen
and Richard Sontag, Fundamentals of Classical
Thermodynamics, (SI version), 2d ed., Wiley,
New York, 1976.
11/29/13 9:52 AM
5
10
10
m
te
p
re
tu
a
er
4
0.8
6
0.8
6
%
40
Dry bulb temperature °C
%
50
30%
30
la
10% re
20%
ity
mid
tive hu
re °
C
0
0.9
2
0.8
0
0.8
8
0.7
40
Reprinted by permission of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA; used with permission.
20
%
20
0%
atu
em
per
we
t bu
lb t
8
0.8
FIGURE A–31
Psychrometric chart at 1 atm total pressure.
15
20
°C
25
0.9
Prepared by Center for Applied Thermodynamic Studies, University of Idaho.
10
2.0
5
30
15
n
tio
ra
tu
Sa
60
25
dry
40
)
(h
80
30
ram
50
En
py
al
th
jo
lo
ki
es
ul
r
ai
30
g
kilo
0
2.5
Enthalpy
Dh
—————— = ——
Humidity ratio
D
am
l
70
ki
r
pe
r
og
y
dr
90
100
4
0
0
–∑
1.0
1.5
– 5.0
2.0
4.0
– 2.0
DH
– ∑
Sensible heat
—————– = ——S
– 4.0
0.0
Total heat
DHT – 2.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
20
4.0
3
0.
1.0
0.8
0.7
10.0
0.6
0.5
0
.
5
0.4
0.1
∑
3.0
0.2
Sea Level
.5
–0
– 0.2
%
me
90
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 943
%
©1992 American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
r
e
er p
met
80
olu
2v
ic
c ub
70
ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1
Normal Temperature
Barometric Pressure: 101.325 kPa
2
4
6
8
50
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
0.95
1.0
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.36
943
APPENDIX 1
air
11/29/13 9:52 AM
DHS
Sensible heat
—————–
= ——
Total heat
DHT
Humidity ratio ( ) grams moisture per kilogram dry air
944
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
TABLE A – 32
k11
Ma* 5 Ma
Å 2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2
One-dimensional isentropic compressible-flow functions for an ideal
gas with k 5 1.4
Ma
Ma*
A/A*
P/P0
r/r0
T/T0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
5.0
`
0
0.1094
0.2182
0.3257
0.4313
0.5345
0.6348
0.7318
0.8251
0.9146
1.0000
1.1583
1.2999
1.4254
1.5360
1.6330
1.7179
1.7922
1.8571
1.9140
1.9640
2.2361
2.2495
`
5.8218
2.9635
2.0351
1.5901
1.3398
1.1882
1.0944
1.0382
1.0089
1.0000
1.0304
1.1149
1.2502
1.4390
1.6875
2.0050
2.4031
2.8960
3.5001
4.2346
25.000
`
1.0000
0.9930
0.9725
0.9395
0.8956
0.8430
0.7840
0.7209
0.6560
0.5913
0.5283
0.4124
0.3142
0.2353
0.1740
0.1278
0.0935
0.0684
0.0501
0.0368
0.0272
0.0019
0
1.0000
0.9950
0.9803
0.9564
0.9243
0.8852
0.8405
0.7916
0.7400
0.6870
0.6339
0.5311
0.4374
0.3557
0.2868
0.2300
0.1841
0.1472
0.1179
0.0946
0.0760
0.0113
0
1.0000
0.9980
0.9921
0.9823
0.9690
0.9524
0.9328
0.9107
0.8865
0.8606
0.8333
0.7764
0.7184
0.6614
0.6068
0.5556
0.5081
0.4647
0.4252
0.3894
0.3571
0.1667
0
0.5(k 1 1)/(k 2 1)
A
1
2
k21
5
a
b a1 1
Ma2 b d
A*
Ma k 1 1
2
2k/(k 2 1)
P
k21
Ma2 b
5 a1 1
P0
2
21/(k 2 1)
r
k21
5 a1 1
Ma2 b
r0
2
21
T
k21
5 a1 1
Ma2 b
T0
2
3.0
A/A*
Compressible flow functions
2.5
2.0
Ma*
1.5
1.0
T/T0
0.5
r/r*
P/P0
0
0
0.5
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 944
1.0
1.5
Ma
2.0
2.5
3.0
11/29/13 9:52 AM
945
APPENDIX 1
T01 5 T02
Ma2 5
P2
P1
5
TA B LE A– 33
(k 2 1)Ma21 1 2
One-dimensional normal-shock functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4
Å 2kMa21 2 k 1 1
1 1 kMa21
1 1 kMa22
5
2kMa21 2 k 1 1
k11
r2
P2/P1
(k 1 1)Ma21
V1
5
5
5
r1
T2/T1
2 1 (k 2 1)Ma21
V2
T2
T1
P02
P01
P02
P1
5
5
5
2 1 Ma21(k 2 1)
2 1 Ma22(k 2 1)
Ma1 1 1 Ma22(k 2 1)/2 (k 11)/[2(k 21)]
c
d
Ma2 1 1 Ma21(k 2 1)/2
(1 1 kMa21)[1 1 Ma22(k 2 1)/2] k/(k21)
1 1 kMa22
Ma1
Ma2
P2/P1
r2/r1
T2/T1
P02/P01
P02/P1
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
4.0
5.0
`
1.0000
0.9118
0.8422
0.7860
0.7397
0.7011
0.6684
0.6405
0.6165
0.5956
0.5774
0.5613
0.5471
0.5344
0.5231
0.5130
0.5039
0.4956
0.4882
0.4814
0.4752
0.4350
0.4152
0.3780
1.0000
1.2450
1.5133
1.8050
2.1200
2.4583
2.8200
3.2050
3.6133
4.0450
4.5000
4.9783
5.4800
6.0050
6.5533
7.1250
7.7200
8.3383
8.9800
9.6450
10.3333
18.5000
29.000
`
1.0000
1.1691
1.3416
1.5157
1.6897
1.8621
2.0317
2.1977
2.3592
2.5157
2.6667
2.8119
2.9512
3.0845
3.2119
3.3333
3.4490
3.5590
3.6636
3.7629
3.8571
4.5714
5.0000
6.0000
1.0000
1.0649
1.1280
1.1909
1.2547
1.3202
1.3880
1.4583
1.5316
1.6079
1.6875
1.7705
1.8569
1.9468
2.0403
2.1375
2.2383
2.3429
2.4512
2.5632
2.6790
4.0469
5.8000
`
1.0000
0.9989
0.9928
0.9794
0.9582
0.9298
0.8952
0.8557
0.8127
0.7674
0.7209
0.6742
0.6281
0.5833
0.5401
0.4990
0.4601
0.4236
0.3895
0.3577
0.3283
0.1388
0.0617
0
1.8929
2.1328
2.4075
2.7136
3.0492
3.4133
3.8050
4.2238
4.6695
5.1418
5.6404
6.1654
6.7165
7.2937
7.8969
8.5261
9.1813
9.8624
10.5694
11.3022
12.0610
21.0681
32.6335
`
5.0
P02/P1
P2 /P1
Normal shock functions
4.0
r2 /r1
3.0
T2 /T1
2.0
1.0
Ma2
P02/P01
0
1.0
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 945
1.5
2.0
Ma1
2.5
3.0
11/29/13 9:52 AM
946
PROPERTY TABLES AND CHARTS
T0
(k 1 1)Ma2 [2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2]
5
*
T0
(1 1 kMa2)2
TABLE A – 34
Rayleigh flow functions for an ideal gas with k 5 1.4
Ma
T0/T 0*
P0/P 0*
T/T*
P/P*
V/V*
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
0.0000
0.0468
0.1736
0.3469
0.5290
0.6914
0.8189
0.9085
0.9639
0.9921
1.0000
0.9787
0.9343
0.8842
0.8363
0.7934
0.7561
0.7242
0.6970
0.6738
0.6540
1.2679
1.2591
1.2346
1.1985
1.1566
1.1141
1.0753
1.0431
1.0193
1.0049
1.0000
1.0194
1.0777
1.1756
1.3159
1.5031
1.7434
2.0451
2.4177
2.8731
3.4245
0.0000
0.0560
0.2066
0.4089
0.6151
0.7901
0.9167
0.9929
1.0255
1.0245
1.0000
0.9118
0.8054
0.7017
0.6089
0.5289
0.4611
0.4038
0.3556
0.3149
0.2803
2.4000
2.3669
2.2727
2.1314
1.9608
1.7778
1.5957
1.4235
1.2658
1.1246
1.0000
0.7958
0.6410
0.5236
0.4335
0.3636
0.3086
0.2648
0.2294
0.2004
0.1765
0.0000
0.0237
0.0909
0.1918
0.3137
0.4444
0.5745
0.6975
0.8101
0.9110
1.0000
1.1459
1.2564
1.3403
1.4046
1.4545
1.4938
1.5252
1.5505
1.5711
1.5882
P0
2 1 (k 2 1)Ma2 k/(k 2 1)
k11
a
b
5
2
P*0
1 1 kMa
k11
Ma(1 1 k) 2
T
5 a
b
T*
1 1 kMa2
P
11k
5
P*
1 1 kMa2
r*
(1 1 k)Ma2
V
5
5
r
V*
1 1 kMa2
3.5
P0 /P0*
3.0
Rayleigh flow functions
2.5
2.0
V/V *
1.5
1.0
T0 /T 0*
0.5
T/T *
P/P*
0
0
0.5
cen98179_ch18_ap01_897-946.indd 946
1.0
1.5
Ma
2.0
2.5
3.0
11/29/13 9:52 AM