NOTES Erosion.notebook May 18, 2016 Erosion Erosion transporting The process of ________________________ weathered sediments. May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Running Water Agents of Erosion material or ____________ force An agent of erosion is a ______________ PRIMARY agent for erosion. Running water is the ________________ moves sediments from one place to another. that ____________ Water that flows over the surface of the land is called running water wind Agents include ________________________, ___________ gravity glaciers _____________, and ________________. May 22­8:04 AM runoff _____________. stream Water that is confined to a channel is called a ____________. May 22­8:04 AM Running Water discharge The volume of water in a stream is called ________________. Discharge (Q) = width x depth x velocity Factors affecting a stream’s ____________________: ________________: arid vs. humid ________________: can result in daily changes ________________: usually greatest in the _____________ ____________: saturated vs. unsaturated May 22­8:04 AM May 10­6:29 PM 1 NOTES Erosion.notebook May 18, 2016 Running Water discharge The volume of water in a stream is called ________________. Factors affecting a stream’s volume/discharge ____________________: Climate ________________: arid vs. humid Weather (precipitation) can result in daily changes ________________: Season ________________: usually greatest in the spring _____________ Soil ____________: saturated vs. unsaturated May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Running Water Running Water velocity The greater a stream’s ________________ and greater volume _________________, the ________________ the erosion velocity The greater the _______________ the “sharper” the shape. volume velocity capability of the stream. shape V ­ _____________. Stream eroded valleys have a ______ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFpCJsc_k64 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFEs7MkIN7g&NR=1 May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Drainage Patterns Dendritic 1. ____________________ tributaries Many __________________ feeding a main stream. May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM 2 NOTES Erosion.notebook May 18, 2016 Drainage Patterns Trellis 2. ____________________ Parallel _________________ river valleys fed by tributaries. May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Drainage Patterns Radial 3. ____________________ ALL Radiating in ______directions from a mountain peak. May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM 3 NOTES Erosion.notebook May 18, 2016 Drainage Patterns Annular 4. ____________________ Circular shape. ________________ May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Stream Load Dissolved load: minerals dissolved in the water _______________ (solution) _______________ load: small particles carried within the water _______________ ( ________________ ): larger particles rolling and bouncing along the bottom May 22­8:04 AM Stream Load May 22­8:04 AM Stream Load Dissolved load: minerals dissolved in the water _______________ Dissolved load: minerals dissolved in the water _______________ Suspended load: small particles carried within the water _______________ Suspended load: small particles carried within the water _______________ _______________ ( ________________ ): larger particles rolling and bouncing along the bottom Bed Load ( ________________ saltation _______________ ): larger particles rolling and bouncing along the bottom May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM 4 NOTES Erosion.notebook May 18, 2016 0 0 90° 1 2 1 3 4 5 2 6 7 3 8 9 10 4 11 12 5 13 14 15 May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Running Water Practice using Particle Size vs. Stream Velocity Graph 0 0 90° 1 What is the largest size sediment that can be transported by a stream with a water velocity of: 2 1 3 4 1. 1 cm/s __________________________ 5 2 6 2. 10 cm/s _________________________ 7 3 8 3. 150 cm/s ________________________ 9 10 4. 250 cm/s ________________________ 4 11 12 5 13 14 15 May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Running Water 15 Practice using Particle Size vs. Stream Velocity Graph 14 13 5 What is the minimum stream velocity required to maintain the transport of: 12 11 4 10 1. Sand __________________________ 9 8 3 2. Pebbles ________________________ 7 6 3. Boulders ________________________ 2 5 4 3 1 2 1 90° 0 May 22­8:04 AM 0 May 22­8:04 AM 5 NOTES Erosion.notebook May 18, 2016 Running Water Factors that affect stream velocity: Running Water Page 1: Gradient _________________ Factors that affect stream velocity: Gradient _________________ elevation over a Change in _______________ elevation over a Change in _______________ horizontal ___________________ distance. horizontal ___________________ distance. As ________________ increases, velocity increases. As ________________ increases, velocity increases. May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Running Water Running Water Factors that affect stream velocity (continued): Volume _________________ gradient The steeper the slope (or greater the volume), the straighter ___________________the stream’s path. volume As ________________ increases, velocity increases. meander Streams tend to begin to _________________ in flatter valleys (or as volume decreases). May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Running Water very Streams are capable of carrying particles __________ long __________ distances. Young Stream Old Stream May 22­8:04 AM HW: Erosion (Day 1) May 22­8:04 AM 6 NOTES Erosion.notebook May 18, 2016 Wind fine Capable of carrying very ____________ particles over long distances. deflation Erosion of land by wind is called ________________. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv4BhZV5mAA May 22­8:04 AM Wind The amount of erosion caused by wind depends upon: size The ___________ of the sediments being carried speed at which the wind is blowing The ___________ May 22­8:04 AM Effects of Wind and Water Erosion on Sediments longer The _______________ the transport time and distance, rounder the _______________ the sediments become. duration The ___________ that the wind continues to blow May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Gravity Gravity The downhill movement of particles by gravity is called wasting mass ___________ ________________. Gravity is the underlying force behind all erosionÍž it may act alone or with other agent of erosion: Gravity ________________ causes water to flow downhill Gravity ________________ causes glaciers to flow down a valley or spread outward Gravity ________________ cause winds by pulling colder, more dense, air down beneath warmer, less dense, air. Gravity always wins! May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM 7 NOTES Erosion.notebook May 18, 2016 Gravity movement Types of mass wasting (may also be called mass __________ ) Creep 1. _____________________ very _____________ slow The __________ movement of sediments downhill. May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Gravity Types of mass wasting (continued) Slump 2. _____________________ Mass of sediment moves downhill leaving a scar curved ___________. May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Gravity Types of mass wasting (continued) Landslide 3. _____________________ saturated When soil becomes _______________________ breaks ______________ apart with water, ____________ and flows downhill. mudslide Sometimes referred to as a _________________ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsXQBnZ_xjI May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM 8 NOTES Erosion.notebook May 18, 2016 Glaciers large mass of moving ________ ice A glacier is a _____________ _________ snow and ___________. Two types of glaciers: Continental 1. ______________________ vast Form over ____________ areas of land. Examples: Greenland __________________________ Antarctica __________________________ May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM 9 NOTES Erosion.notebook May 18, 2016 Glaciers Two types of glaciers (continued): Valley Alpine ) 2. _________________ (or ____________ high Form in mountain valleys at ___________ elevations. Example locations: Alps Andes Himalayas Rockies May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Glaciers shape U ­ _____________. Glacier eroded valleys have a ______ May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM River Valley Glacial Valley V - shape U - shape May 22­8:04 AM 10 NOTES Erosion.notebook Glaciers picking May 18, 2016 direction of glacial movement. Striations: indicate the _____________ up Plucking: the _______________ _____ of material as the glacier moves downhill. aka: grooves http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njTjfJcAsBg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njTjfJcAsBg May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM Glaciers powerful Very __________________ force May 22­8:04 AM May 22­8:04 AM major Earth shaping force: Erosion is a ___________ May 22­8:04 AM 11
