NOTES Erosion.notebook
May 18, 2016
Erosion
Erosion
transporting
The process of ________________________ weathered
sediments.
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Running Water
Agents of Erosion
material or ____________
force
An agent of erosion is a ______________
PRIMARY agent for erosion.
Running water is the ________________
moves sediments from one place to another.
that ____________
Water that flows over the surface of the land is called
running water
wind
Agents include ________________________,
___________
gravity
glaciers
_____________, and ________________.
May 22­8:04 AM
runoff
_____________.
stream
Water that is confined to a channel is called a ____________.
May 22­8:04 AM
Running Water
discharge
The volume of water in a stream is called ________________.
Discharge (Q) = width x depth x velocity
Factors affecting a stream’s ____________________:
________________: arid vs. humid
________________: can result in daily changes
________________: usually greatest in the
_____________
____________: saturated vs. unsaturated
May 22­8:04 AM
May 10­6:29 PM
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NOTES Erosion.notebook
May 18, 2016
Running Water
discharge
The volume of water in a stream is called ________________.
Factors affecting a stream’s volume/discharge
____________________:
Climate
________________:
arid vs. humid
Weather
(precipitation) can result in daily changes
________________:
Season
________________:
usually greatest in the
spring
_____________
Soil
____________:
saturated vs. unsaturated
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Running Water
Running Water
velocity
The greater a stream’s ________________
and
greater
volume
_________________,
the ________________ the erosion
velocity
The greater the _______________ the “sharper”
the shape.
volume
velocity
capability of the stream.
shape
V ­ _____________.
Stream eroded valleys have a ______
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFpCJsc_k64
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFEs7MkIN7g&NR=1
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Drainage Patterns
Dendritic
1. ____________________
tributaries
Many __________________ feeding a main stream.
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
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May 18, 2016
Drainage Patterns
Trellis
2. ____________________
Parallel
_________________
river valleys fed by tributaries.
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Drainage Patterns
Radial
3. ____________________
ALL
Radiating in ______directions
from a mountain peak.
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
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May 18, 2016
Drainage Patterns
Annular
4. ____________________
Circular shape.
________________
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Stream Load
Dissolved load: minerals dissolved in the water
_______________
(solution)
_______________ load: small particles carried within the water
_______________ ( ________________ ): larger particles rolling
and bouncing along the bottom
May 22­8:04 AM
Stream Load
May 22­8:04 AM
Stream Load
Dissolved load: minerals dissolved in the water
_______________
Dissolved load: minerals dissolved in the water
_______________
Suspended load: small particles carried within the water
_______________
Suspended load: small particles carried within the water
_______________
_______________ ( ________________ ): larger particles rolling
and bouncing along the bottom
Bed Load ( ________________
saltation
_______________
): larger particles rolling
and bouncing along the bottom
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
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May 18, 2016
0
0
90°
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1
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3
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5
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May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Running Water
Practice using Particle Size vs. Stream Velocity Graph
0
0
90°
1
What is the largest size sediment that can be
transported by a stream with a water velocity of:
2
1
3
4
1. 1 cm/s __________________________
5
2
6
2. 10 cm/s _________________________
7
3
8
3. 150 cm/s ________________________
9
10
4. 250 cm/s ________________________
4
11
12
5
13
14
15
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Running Water
15
Practice using Particle Size vs. Stream Velocity Graph
14
13
5
What is the minimum stream velocity required to
maintain the transport of:
12
11
4
10
1. Sand __________________________
9
8
3
2. Pebbles ________________________
7
6
3. Boulders ________________________
2
5
4
3
1
2
1
90°
0
May 22­8:04 AM
0
May 22­8:04 AM
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NOTES Erosion.notebook
May 18, 2016
Running Water
Factors that affect stream velocity:
Running Water
Page 1:
Gradient
_________________
Factors that affect stream velocity:
Gradient
_________________
elevation over a
Change in _______________
elevation over a
Change in _______________
horizontal
___________________
distance.
horizontal
___________________
distance.
As ________________ increases, velocity
increases.
As ________________ increases, velocity
increases.
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Running Water
Running Water
Factors that affect stream velocity (continued):
Volume
_________________
gradient
The steeper the slope (or greater the volume), the
straighter
___________________the stream’s path.
volume
As ________________
increases, velocity
increases.
meander
Streams tend to begin to _________________
in flatter
valleys (or as volume decreases).
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Running Water
very
Streams are capable of carrying particles __________
long
__________ distances.
Young
Stream
Old
Stream
May 22­8:04 AM
HW: Erosion
(Day 1)
May 22­8:04 AM
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May 18, 2016
Wind
fine
Capable of carrying very ____________
particles over long
distances.
deflation
Erosion of land by wind is called ________________.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv4BhZV5mAA
May 22­8:04 AM
Wind
The amount of erosion caused by wind depends upon:
size
The ___________
of the sediments being carried
speed at which the wind is blowing
The ___________
May 22­8:04 AM
Effects of Wind and Water Erosion on Sediments
longer
The _______________ the transport time and distance,
rounder
the _______________
the sediments become.
duration
The ___________ that the wind continues to blow
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Gravity
Gravity
The downhill movement of particles by gravity is called
wasting
mass
___________
________________.
Gravity is the underlying force behind all erosion; it may act
alone or with other agent of erosion:
Gravity
________________ causes water to flow downhill
Gravity
________________ causes glaciers to flow down
a valley or spread outward
Gravity
________________ cause winds by pulling colder,
more dense, air down beneath
warmer, less dense, air.
Gravity always wins!
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
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May 18, 2016
Gravity
movement
Types of mass wasting (may also be called mass __________ )
Creep
1. _____________________
very _____________
slow
The __________
movement
of sediments downhill.
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Gravity
Types of mass wasting (continued)
Slump
2. _____________________
Mass of sediment moves downhill leaving a
scar
curved ___________.
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Gravity
Types of mass wasting (continued)
Landslide
3. _____________________
saturated
When soil becomes _______________________
breaks ______________
apart
with water, ____________
and
flows downhill.
mudslide
Sometimes referred to as a _________________
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsXQBnZ_xjI
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
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May 18, 2016
Glaciers
large
mass of moving ________
ice
A glacier is a _____________
_________
snow
and ___________.
Two types of glaciers:
Continental
1. ______________________
vast
Form over ____________
areas of land.
Examples:
Greenland
__________________________
Antarctica
__________________________
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
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NOTES Erosion.notebook
May 18, 2016
Glaciers
Two types of glaciers (continued):
Valley
Alpine )
2. _________________
(or ____________
high
Form in mountain valleys at ___________
elevations.
Example locations: Alps
Andes
Himalayas
Rockies
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Glaciers
shape
U ­ _____________.
Glacier eroded valleys have a ______
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
River Valley
Glacial Valley
V - shape
U - shape
May 22­8:04 AM
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NOTES Erosion.notebook
Glaciers
picking
May 18, 2016
direction of glacial movement.
Striations: indicate the _____________
up
Plucking: the _______________ _____ of material as the
glacier moves downhill.
aka: grooves
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njTjfJcAsBg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=njTjfJcAsBg
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
Glaciers
powerful
Very __________________ force
May 22­8:04 AM
May 22­8:04 AM
major Earth shaping force:
Erosion is a ___________
May 22­8:04 AM
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