Terms
：
Mean
Standard deviation
Repeated measures
ANOVA
Correlation
Regression
1. Mean (average) refers to the average value of a
group of numbers.
In Table 4, the mean score of correct response of the
postvocalic (C)VC is higher than the correct response
of the prevocalic, for all of the four obstruents. It
means when the children detect or isolate the
phonemes, they have more correct answer when the
tested items are the postvocalic than the prevocalic
items
2. Standard deviation (SD): It measures the deviation
or difference from the group's mean (average). The
lower the SD, the closer it is to the mean.
3. Correlation: the relationship or degree of association
between variables ( in this experiments, i.e., Naming, PM,
etc.)
Correlation coefficient: a measure of the relationship or
degree of association between the variables.
Correlation matrix (like Tables 6): a table that shows the
correlation coefficient of variables.
The correlation
+ : positive
coefficient is
relationship
measured on a scale
- : negative
that varies from + 1
relationship
through 0 to -1
0.00 : no relationship
e
In table 6, we can see some negative and positive relation. Please take note that negative relation does not
mean there is no relation.
In details, when one variable increases as the other increases the correlation is positive; when one decreases
as the other increases it is negative.
4. Repeated measure ANOVA: is used to compare three or more group means where the participants are
the same in each group.
5. Multiple regression: is used when we want to predict the value of a variable based on the value of two or
more other variables.
For example, you could use multiple regression to understand whether the performance in naming and
spelling task can be predicted based on the performance on non-core-syllable items (i.e., CV(C) items for the
verbal-response PA and (C)CVC for the multiple-choice PA), as shown in table 7
Primary
test
t
measurement
t
'
T
No of
→
predictors
Type of
Questions
→
Relationship Btw samples
→ No of groups
No of IV
I
→ Relations
Btwn
Samples