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Section I
Introduction
Lecture #2
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Contact information
Dr. Senthil Arul
E-mail:
sarul@umd.edu
Send e-mails directly to the above e-mail id.
Avoid e-mailing via ELMS
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Course Grades
Homework (30%)
Homework#1
Homework#2
Homework#3
Homework#4
Homework#5
Homework#6
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
Quiz(10%)
Quiz 1 – Section I
Quiz 2 – Section IV
Mid term (25%) – March 16th
Mid Term – Closed Book
Final Examination or Project (35%)
Finals – Open Book/Open Notes
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ESG -Environmental Social Governance
EHS - Environment, Health, and Safety
Meet present needs without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their needs“. (WCED**, 1987)
** WCED - World Commission on Environment Development
Definition of Sustainability (Assignment 1a)
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Mini-Grants ($1 - $2,000 per award)
Sustainability Mini Grants are intended to provide small grants (up to $2,000) to encourage the
development or maintenance of projects or programs that improve the sustainability of the UMD
campus and/or enhance opportunities for students to learn about sustainability issues. Students,
faculty, and staff are encouraged to apply. The SGA Sustainability Committee will review
applications as they are received and applicants will receive a funding decision within 30 days of
submitting a complete application. A total of $10,000 is available each semester. Projects
requesting more than $2,000 must apply through the University Sustainability Fund.
Applications are accepted on a rolling basis from September 1 to April 30 each year.
SALLY DELEON
Sustainability Manager
CONTACT
(301) 405-4549
sdeleon@umd.edu
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Learning Objective
• Sustainability paradigm
• Interdependency - Roles of society, businesses, and environment
(response lag time, location)
• Styrofoam or ceramic cup?
• Concept of Life Cycle Stages
• Concept of Impact Categories
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Sustainability
People/
Society
Equitable
Bearable
Sustainable
Planet/
Environment
Viable
Profit/
Economy
❑
Intersection of social and economic elements can form the basis of social equity
❑
Intersection of environmental and economic elements can form the basis of “financial
viability”
❑
Intersection of environmental and social elements can form the basis of “harmony
between man and nature” or bearable to both
❑
At the intersection of all three of these lies sustainability
Ref: International Union for the Conservation of Nature
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By-products
Resources
People
Taxes/votes
Planet
Service
Wages
By-products
Current &
Future
States
Regulations
Resources
Profit
Govt.
Taxes
Regulations
A schematic diagram of the Earth as a system, looking at four primary system components
(population, environment, industry, and government).
Ref: Can Earth’s and Society’s system meet the needs of 10 billion people, NAP, 2014
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Sustainability
•
Should large investors such as pension funds, mutual funds, etc. consider ESG as a
criteria before investing money in a particular company?
•
Should governments use tax incentives/tax penalties to improve ESG?
•
How to create cohesive policy towards ESG?
– Role of International organizations such as U.N
– Role of various governments
• Democratic
• Socialistic
• Communism
• Monarchies
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Foundation for our western democratic capitalism
• Individual freedom (both economic and political)
• Privatization – Market driven (supply and demand)
• Innovation/change agent
• Minimal role of government - Laissez faire(less-A-Fair) – invisible hand
• A consumption society
• Growth is essential for a market-based economy
Developing countries (BRICS) are following our lead. They are becoming a
consumer society.
Environmental issues such as climate change, ozone depletion, etc. are global
issues.
How can capitalistic society such as ours solve such global problems?
•
•
Should the government play a larger role?
• Wouldn’t that be against our founding principles?
Should BRICS change their consumption pattern?
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As a leading developed country and with tremendous skilled resources, technologies, we want to take this
opportunity build a sustainable society across the globe
- change from carbon burning to carbon neutral
- dig, use, dump to renew, recycle, reuse
- continue to improve quality our lives and around the globe
Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations
The Wealth of Nations — Adam Smith Institute
wealth of nations - Google Search
Milton Friedman’s Capitalism and Freedom
capitalism and freedom - Milton Friedman.pdf - Google Drive
Milton friedman's capitalism and freedom - Bing video - Bing video
Malice towards none; charity for all.
Things which are equal to the same thing are equal to one another
How capitalism can solve the 21st century existential threat - climate crisis?
Submit a 3-5 minute video (You can work in a team)
Due: Feb 7th 2023 (5 PM)
Points: 2
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Paper bag or plastic bag at the grocery store?
Ceramic cup or Styrofoam cup at the coffee shop?
Cloth diaper or disposable diaper for your children?
…….How do we decide with data?
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Sustainability
Reusable vs. Disposable Cups**
Type of Cup
**
Energy to
produce/cup, MJ
Ceramic
14
Plastic
6.3
Glass
5.5
Paper (Disposable)
0.55
Foam (Disposable)
0.2
Energy required
to produce cups
Based paper by Martin B. Hocking, “Reusable and Disposable cups: An
Energy - Based Evaluation”, Environmental Management, 18(6), 1994, pp.
889-899
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Sustainability
Reusable vs. Disposable Cups…continued
Energy per use (wash energy+
manufacturing energy)
Note:
Reusable cups require wash energy
of 0.186 MJ/wash
Ref: Based paper by Martin B. Hocking, “Reusable and Disposable cups: An Energy-Based Evaluation”, Environmental Management, 18(6),
1994, pp. 889-899
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Sustainability
Ref: Based paper by Martin B. Hocking, “Reusable and Disposable cups: An Energy-Based Evaluation”, Environmental Management, 18(6),
1994, pp. 889-899
Reusable vs. Disposable Cups…continued
Disposable cup
Reusable cup
Paper
Foam
Ceramic
39
1006
Plastic
17
450
Glass
15
393
Breakeven Analysis
Based on energy to produce and use criteria, foam disposable cup would be chosen.
What about the environmental impact or life cycle cost?
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•
Impact categories
• Environmental
• Ozone
• Garbage patch
• Acid rain
• Global warming
•
Human health
• Carcinogens
•
Natural resources depletion
•
Impact – Time scale differences
•
Impact- Location differences
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Sustainability
Raw Material Phase
Manufacturing Phase
Use/Sustainment Phase
Disposal/end of life Phase
In the cup example
Energy to produce included both (1) Raw Material and (2) Manufacturing Phases
Washing the ceramic cup represent (3) Use/Sustainment Phase
Including the energy recovery represents (4) Disposal Phase
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Energy Based Breakeven Analysis for Ceramic Cup and Foam Cup
n
=
Epc – Ercc
Epf - Erfc
U2
Ewc
U1
n – Number of uses of ceramic cups (Breakeven)
Epc – Energy to produce (raw material+ manufacturing phase) ceramic cup, MJ
Epf – Energy to produce (raw material+ manufacturing phase) foam cup, MJ
Ewc – Energy to wash ceramic cup, MJ
U1 – Number of times ceramic cup used before washing
U2 – Number of times foam cup used before disposal
Ercc – Recoverable energy in disposal phase for ceramic cup, MJ
Erfc – Recoverable energy in disposal phase for foam cup, MJ
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Sustainability
Glass bottle or plastic …which is better (or less bad!!) for the
environment?
In 1969, First multi-criteria study** was conducted by Coca-Cola
Taking into account of the whole environmental impacts, from the raw material
extraction to the waste disposal with the objective of:
choice between glass and plastic for the product bottling
**The study has never been published in its complete version. Only a summary was published in
April 1976, in “Science Magazine”. First discussions on validity of comparisons appeared with the
first study results. However, this study set the framework for the life cycle assessment
methodology used today.
The study revealed the plastic bottle as the best choice!!
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Sustainability
• Will Marshall – TED.Com Speech
(https://www.planet.com/)
https://www.ted.com/talks/will_marshall_teeny_tiny_satellites_that_photograph_the_enti
re_planet_every_day
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Backup
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• Social scientists have long understood race to be a social category
invented to justify slavery and evolutionary biologists know the
socially constructed racial categories do not align with our
biological understanding of genetic variation.
• The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 confirmed
humans are 99.9% identical at the DNA level and there is no genetic
basis for race
Ref:
Race and genetics versus ‘race’ in genetics - PMC (nih.gov)
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Satisfied
Sustainability
Surprise &
Delights
Performance
Needs
As time goes
by, surprise a&
delights
becomes basic
needs
Fully Implemented
Not Implemented
Basic Needs
Dissatisfied
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A schematic diagram of the Earth as a system, looking at four primary system components
(population, environment, industry, and government).
Ref: Can Earth’s and Society’s system meet the needs of 10 billion people, NAP, 2014
Sustainability