DAILY LESSON PLAN SCHOOL: TUMPLE INTEGRATED SCHOOL GRADE LEVEL: 10 TEACHER: NORSIDA B. PADO LEARNING AREA: PHYSICS QUARTER: 4TH TEACHING DATES : I. OBJECTIVES A. Content Standards The information stored in DNA as being used to make proteins B. Performance Standards C. Learning Competencies /Objectives II. SUBJECT MATTER A.Topic B. References C. Materials III. PROCEDURES A. A. Preparatory activities 1. 1. Greetings & Prayer 2. 2. 2. Checking of attendance Explain how protein is made is made using information from DNA – S10LT-IVa At the end of the lesson, the students are able to: 1. Differentiate DNA from RNA 2. Explain how DNA forms RNA in the cell’s nucleus. 3. Explain the importance of transcription. DNA Transcription Science 10 TG pp 191-202, Self-learning Moodule Module 1, Quarter 4, weblinks Tarpapel, cartolina, chalk, pentelpen Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity “Good morning class” “Let us pray first” Good morning Maa’m ! (One students will lead the prayer) Okay! You may take your sit Thank you Maa’am ! Class who are absent today? None Maam Alhamdulillah! 3. Review 3 In the previous lesson, you have learned about DNA replication which is the process of DNA duplication from an existing DNA. The replication of DNA is important for the growth repair and reproduction of cells of an organism. The major key players in DNA replication are the enzymes (Students listen) helicase, primase, DNA polymerase and ligase. Helicase is the unzipping enzyme and unzips the two strands of DNA in the double helix through the hydrogen bond that holds the two base pairs together. Primase will initialize the process and directs the DNA polymerase for it to figure out where it gets to start. This primer is the starting point for DNA synthesis. The primers are made of RNA (Ribonucleic Acid). B. Motivation Group the students into two small groups and let them do the activity. Instruction: Look closely at the structure of DNA and RNA. Make a table for the summary of the similarities and differences of DNA and RNA. 5 (minutes) C. Lesson proper The next lesson will help you understand how a DNA is transcribed into RNA. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid), unlike the double stranded DNA, is a nucleic (Students listen) acid polymer with a single strand. It is composed of the four nucleotides adenine, uracil, guanine and cytosine which are represented by their first letter A, U, G, C. “What nucleotide is replaced by uracil in RNA” “Verry good!” Below is a short summary of the difference between DNA and RNA. DNA RNA Contains the sugar deoxyribose Contains the sugar ribose Singlestranded molecule Not stable under alkaline conditions Acts as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes to make proteins. Double-stranded molecule Stable under alkaline conditions Storing and transferring genetic information Uses the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine Uses adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine “Okay, so after DNA Replication, the next step in protein synthesis would be the transcription of DNA to form an RNA. Transcription in protein synthesis is the process where RNA is made from the DNA by copying the “Thymine Maam” base sequence of the double stranded DNA into a piece of a single stranded nucleic acid. This transcription process is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA Polymerase. RNA falls into three major categories: Messenger RNA (mRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA) and Ribosomal RNA (rRNA). 1-mRNA copies the genetic code from the DNA into a form that can be read and used to make proteins. mRNA transmits genetic information from the nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm. “Where do you think does trancription happens?” “Very Good!” “In the Nucleus Maam” Transcription of DNA to form RNA takes place in the cell’s nucleus. “Why do you think Transcription is important ?” “It is important for proper RNA is the first intermediate in converting the cellular function.” information from the DNA into proteins which is important for proper cellular function. 2- rRNA is situated in the cytoplasm of a cell, where we can find the ribosomes. rRNA leads the translation of mRNA into proteins. 3- tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome that matches to each three-nucleotide codon of rRNA. The amino acids then can be combined together and processed to make polypeptides and proteins. D. Application Activity 2.1 TRANSCRIBE YOUR DNA (see attachment) E. Evaluation Choose the letter of your answer and write it on your paper. 1. What is the main function of tRNA in relation to protein synthesis? A. Proof reading B. Inhibits protein synthesis C. Identifies amino acids and transport them to ribosomes D. All of the above 2. The transcribing enzyme is called. A. B. C. D. Ligase RNA polymerase DNA polymerase Amino acid t-amylase 3. Which molecule contains the genetic code? A. DNA B. rRNA C. tRNA D. mRNA 4. RNA contains which bases? A. thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil B. adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil C. adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine D. adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil 5. Which site of tRNA molecule hydrogen bonds to an mRNA molecule? A. Codon B. Anticodon C. 5’ ends of the tRNA D. 3’ ends of the tRNA 6. Sigma factor is a component of: A. DNA ligase B. Endonuclease C. DNA polymerase D. RNA polymerase 7. If the DNA template reads “ATA”, then which of the following would be the corresponding sequence on the mRNA? A. UAU B. ATA C. TUT D. UCU 8. One similarity between DNA and messenger RNA molecules is that they both contain: A. The same sugar. B. Double stranded polymers. C. Nitrogenous base known as Uracil. D. Genetic code based on base sequence. 9. The specific site of RNA transcription from DNA is the: A. Nucleus B. Cytoplasm C. Chromosome D. Mitochondria 10. What is the complementary messenger-RNA sequence for the DNA template sequence shown C-A-A-G-G-T? A. GTTCCA B. CAAGGU C. GUUCCA D. CAAGGT