DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE & ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Accredited by National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC) with ‘A’ grade,
Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru-560078.
Department of Information Science and Engineering
ACCREDITED BY NBA
Seminar Report
On
“IoT - BASED SMART PARKING SYSTEM”
(Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree)
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Submitted by
Samarth
Vatsalya(1DS19IS085
)
2022-2023
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF NGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi,)
Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru-560078.
DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE & ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Accredited by National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC) with ‘A’ grade,
Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru-560078.
Department of Information Science and Engineering
ACCREDITED BY NBA
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that a seminar report on the topic “OPTICAL CHARACTER
RECOGNIZATION” is being submitted by SAMARTH VATSALYA (1DS19IS085).
This report is submitted towards the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Engineering in
Information Science and Engineering during the academic year 2022-23. It is certified that all
the suggestions or corrections indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the
report. This Seminar Report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with
respect to the rules prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering.
SEMINAR COORDINATORS
Dr. Rama Mohan Babu K N
Prof. Prathima Mabel J
HOD-ISE
Dr. Rajeshwari J
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter
Topic
Page No.
Chapter 1
Introduction
1
Chapter 2
Literature Survey
2
Chapter 3
Base Paper
4
Chapter 4
Architecture
7
Chapter 5
Applications
9
Chapter 6
Conclusion
10
Chapter 7
References
11
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Optical character recognition is the mechanical or electronic conversion of images
of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text. It is the easiest
method of digitizing printed and handwritten texts so that they can be easily
searched, stored more compactly, displayed and edited online, and used in various
other processing tasks such as language translation and text mining. Honestly,
OCR has applications in a broad range of industries and functions. So, everything
from scanning documents – bank statements, receipts, handwritten documents,
coupons, etc., to reading street signs in autonomous vehicles – this all falls under
the OCR umbrella.
OCR systems used to be quite expensive and cumbersome to build a couple of
decades ago. But advances in the computer vision and deep learning field mean
we can build our own OCR system right now.
1
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY
 Minal Patil; Vijay Chakole; Krushna Chetepawad, IoT Based
Economic Smart Vehicle Parking System, IEEE, 2021 - In this paper, An
automatic real-time system for automated car parking is proposed. The
proposed system is implemented with the help of Node MCU for car
parking and to connect parking areas with the web or internet. The user
book a parking slot well in advance, and all the necessary information is
available on the server. Every user has an exclusive username and password.
 Noura El Shabasy; Mohammad Mahmoud Abdellatif, IoT for Smart
Parking, IEEE, 2022 – This paper proposes an IoT system that takes a
picture of parked cars in a garage, extracts the plate number and the location
of the car, and places this information in a database.
 Yash Agarwal; Punit Ratnani; Umang Shah; Puru Jain, IoT-based
Smart Parking System, IEEE,2021 - The authors suggest an IOT-based
solution to the issue using a mobile app, IR sensors, RFID, and Arduino as
key components. They can also block the desired parking slot through the
app, followed by reaching the parking lot and authenticating using an RFID
tag.
 S GokulKrishna; J Harsheetha; S Akshaya; D Jeyabharathi, An IoTbased Smart Outdoor Parking System, IEEE, 2021 - This paper proposes
an IoT system that uses Load Sensors that convert Mechanical force into
electrical signals to identify which slots are empty/occupied.
 Denis Ashok; Akshat Tiwari; Vipul Jirge, Smart Parking System using
IoT Technology, IEEE, 2022 – The system proposes an implementation of
state-of-the-art Internet of Things (IoT) technology to mould with advanced
Ultrasonic sensors and controllers to obtain a systematic parking system for
users.
2
 Vinay Raj Tripathi, Smart Vehicle Parking System Using IoT, IEEE,
2021 - The main motive of this paper is to develop a system by which
peoples can access the real time data about the presence of parking lot
nearer to the user wherever they want. In this system we have used Global
Positioning System (GPS) to locate the nearer parking, different sensors
such as IR Sensor, RFID, GSM etc. By developing this system we can
minimize the searching time, fuel consumption and reduce the pollution.
 Sibo Prasad Patro; Padmaja Patel; Murali Krishna Senapaty;
Neelamadhab Padhy; Rahul Deo Sah, IoT based Smart Parking
System: A Proposed Algorithm and Model, IEEE, 2022 - In this paper,
the author presents a smart parking system with the help of IoT over Wi-Fi.
This intelligent parking system consists of an IoT module that helps to track
the availability of each single vacant parking space. The author used an
Arduino Uno, which can be embedded over the Wi-Fi module to establish a
connection to the internet. This technology helps to transfer the data live. In
this smart parking system, with the help of digital IR sensors, the system
gets the status regarding the parking slot status, whether it is occupied or
vacant.
3
CHAPTER 3: BASE PAPER
BASE PAPER SELECTED: Minal Patil; Vijay Chakole; Krushna Chetepawad,
IoT Based Economic Smart Vehicle Parking System, IEEE, 2021
The proposed system uses ESP12 Node MCU, RFID card reader, RFID tags/cards,
I2C module and a LCD. ESP12 Node MCU board is acting as a brain for the
proposed system. The RFID card consist of various details of the users such as
vehicle number of users, name of the owner of the vehicle, registered contact
number of the owner of vehicle and the balanced amount of the owner. The card
reader system extracts the details stored in the card as car enters and exits. The
LCD will display the output of proposed model. ESP12 Node MCU has inbuilt
IOT module that can used internet to interface with the website. IOT module is
used to tell continuous real time that are to be reflected on to the website. The
number of free slot and occupied slot will be displayed by LCD display.
Fig. 1: Block Diagram for Smart Parking System
The RFID card is given to each registered user which stores various details such as
car number; the vehicle belongs to, registered contact number to communicate and
amount available in the card. The card reader system extracts the details stored in
the card as car enters and exits. The LCD will display messages to the vehicle
owner. ESP12 Node MCU has inbuilt IOT module that can used internet to
interface with the website. IOT module is used to tell continuous real time that are
to be reflected on to the website. The LCD display is used to display the number
of available slots. Circuit diagram involves Node MCU development board.I2C
Pins are used to hook up all sorts of I2C sensors and peripherals.
4
FLOW CHART FOR VEHICLE ALLOCATION :
The microcontroller Arduino Uno is having 14 digital input/output pins along with
6 analog pins. The communication and interfacing with the sensors are to be done
with the help of Arduino IDE. The flow chart shows an overall working of vehicle
allocation. For allocation of vehicle, check availability slot. If available then scan
the RFID. After scanning slot is allocated and updation in the server from the total
slot will decrease by one.
Fig. 2: Flow chart for vehicle allocation
5
FLOW CHART FOR VEHICLE DISLOCATION :
During dislocation of the vehicle, user scan the RFID card while exiting from
parking slot IR sensor detects the particular vehicle. The count is updated and
incremented by 1. How much time the vehicle is parked and according their time
amount will be detected.
Figure 3: Flow chart for vehicle dislocation
6
CHAPTER 4: ARCHITECTURE
The system will detect the states of parking slots i.e., vacant or empty by checking
the existence of a car in the parking slots using IR sensors. Then it will update the
information on the LCD where drivers can see which slots are vacant or empty.
The system also controls the main gate i.e., entry/exit of parking space, whenever
a vehicle comes it detects the presence of a vehicle and opens the gate. In different
cases like when the car stops at the gate or for any other uncommon reason, two
IR sensors coordinate with each other to avoid any accidents.
This system is capable of finding the empty slots that are available for parking
automatically. If the slot is empty in the automated car parking the new vehicles
are allowed to enter the parking else the entrance is blocked by using the servo
barrier in case no empty slot is found by the system.
The visitors can see the status of the availability of the free space outside the
parking on a 16×2 LCD. The system is as shown below.
The detection of the car is done using IR Proximity Sensors. The IR Sensor
7
contains IR LED and Photo Diode. IR LED (transmitter) emits IR light that gets
reflected by the object, the reflected light is received by an IR receiver (Photo
Diode). The IR sensor provides analogue as well as a digital output. We’ve
considered digital as there are only two cases i.e., the vehicle is present (LOW) or
not (HIGH).
Fig. 5 IR Sensor Methodology
The following electronic circuit shown in Figure 6 explains the architecture of the
proposed system.
Fig. 6: System Architecture
8
CHAPTER 5: APPLICATIONS
Here are a few examples of IoT-based Smart Parking Systems implemented in real
world:
 Parkio: Parkio is an IoT-based Smart Parking System that uses a
combination of sensors and mobile applications to provide real-time parking
availability and reservation. The system also provides automatic payment
and navigation to the parking location. Parkio is designed to be userfriendly, with a simple and intuitive interface.
 SpotHero: SpotHero is another IoT-based Smart Parking System that
provides real-time parking availability and reservation. The system also
offers automatic payment and navigation to the parking location. SpotHero
is available in multiple cities across the United States, and it can be accessed
through a mobile application or website.
 ParkMobile: ParkMobile is an IoT-based Smart Parking System that allows
users to reserve parking spots in advance and pay for parking through a
mobile application. The system uses IoT sensors to provide real-time
parking availability information, and it offers navigation to the parking
location. ParkMobile is available in multiple cities across the United States.
 Smart Parking: Smart Parking is an IoT-based parking management system
that provides real-time parking availability information, parking reservation,
automatic payment, and navigation to the parking location. The system uses
a combination of sensors and cameras to monitor parking spots, and it can
be accessed through a mobile application or website.
 ParKam: ParKam is an IoT-based parking management system that uses
AI-powered cameras and sensors to monitor parking spots and provide realtime parking availability information. The system also offers parking
reservation and automatic payment through a mobile application or website.
ParKam is designed to be user-friendly, with a simple and intuitive
interface.
9
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION
The concept of Smart Cities has always been a dream for humanity. Over the past
couple of years ago, large advancements have been made in making smart cities a
reality. The growth of the Internet of Things and Cloud technologies have given
rise to new possibilities in terms of smart cities.
Smart parking facilities and traffic management systems have always been at the
core of constructing smart cities. This report, this problem addresses the issue of
parking and presents an IoT-based smart parking system. The system that is
proposed provides real-time information regarding the availability of parking slots
in a parking area. The efforts made in this report are intended to improve the
parking facilities of a city and thereby aim to enhance the quality of life of its
people.
Smart Parking is a low-barrier solution for cities that want to harness the power of
IoT to bring large benefits to their citizens.
The conclusion of this system on our daily lives especially for drivers are:
• Less fuel is wasted
• Save money
• Save time
• Lowering Individual environmental footprint
• Increase in safety
• Smart parking reduces stress while searching for a parking space
• Smart Parking takes away the unpredictability of finding a parking spot
• Smart parking will reduce search traffic on the streets.
10
CHAPTER 7: REFERENCES
[1] Yash Agarwal; Punit Ratnani; Umang Shah; Puru Jain, IoT based Smart
Parking System, IEEE, 2021
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9432196
[2] Minal Patil; Vijay Chakole; Krushna Chetepawad, IoT Based Economic Smart
Vehicle Parking System, IEEE, 2021 Link:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9315919
[3] Noura El Shabasy; Mohammad Mahmoud Abdellatif, IoT for Smart Parking,
IEEE, 2022 Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9194195
[4] S GokulKrishna; J Harsheetha; S Akshaya; D Jeyabharathi, An IoT based
Smart Outdoor Parking System, IEEE, 2021 Link:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9441766
[5] Denis Ashok; Akshat Tiwari; Vipul Jirge, Smart Parking System using IoT
Technology, IEEE, 2022
Link:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9077885?signout=s uccess
[6] Sibo Prasad Patro; Padmaja Patel; Murali Krishna Senapaty; Neelamadhab
Padhy; Rahul Deo Sah, IoT based Smart Parking System: A Proposed Algorithm
and Model, IEEE, 2022 Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9132923
[7] Vinay Raj Tripathi, Smart Vehicle Parking System Using IoT, IEEE, 2021
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9122980
[8] D Annirudh; D Arun Kumar; Adabala Taraka Sai Raghava Kumar; K.R.M.
Vijaya Chandrakala, IoT based Intelligent Parking Management System, IEEE,
2021
Link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9362845
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