HSED 2 - Rizal's Life and Works
Exile, Trial
and Death of
Jose Rizal
PRESENTED BY: KIE, LOPEZ, MACABATA,
PADULLANO, TAGOS
In Manila
Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose Rizal
IN MANILA
As the steamer approached Luzon, there was an
attempt by the Katipuneros to help Rizal escape
(Bantug & Ventura. 1997. p 135). The Katipunero Emilio
Jacinto, disguising himself as a ship crew member,
had managed to get close to Rizal.
IN MANILA | EXILE, TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL
IN MANILA
Jose Rizal arrived in
Manila on August 6.
1896, a day after the
mail boat Isla de Luzon
had left for Spain. He
requested from the
governor-general to be
isolated from everyone
except his family.
IN MANILA | EXILE, TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL
IN MANILA
On August 19, the Katipunan plot to revolt against the
Spanish authorities was discovered through the
confession of a certain Teodoro Patiño to Mariano Gil,
Augustinian cura of Tondo.
IN MANILA | EXILE, TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL
IN MANILA
Katipunan's first major assaults happened on August
29 and 30 when the Katipuneros attacked the Civil
Guard garrison in Pasig and more significantly the 100
Spanish soldiers protecting the powder magazine in
San Juan.
IN MANILA | EXILE, TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL
IN MANILA
On August 30, 1896, Ramon
Blanco issued letters of
recommendation on Rizal's
behalf
to
the
Spanish
Minister of War and the
Minister of Colonies.
2020 | DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY
Going to Spain
Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose Rizal
September 2, 1896
Jose Rizal was transported
to the ship Isla de Panay. He
arrived in Singapore on
September 7, 1896.
GOING TO SPAIN | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
GOING TO SPAIN
As Isla de Panay made a stopover at Port Said, Egypt
on September 27, 1896, the passengers had known
that the uprising in the Philippines got worse.
Jose Rizal had a feeling that he had been associated
with the Filipino revolution.
GOING TO SPAIN | EXILE, TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL
GOING TO SPAIN
A day after, Jose Rizal informed Blumentritt that he
received some information that Blanco had an order to
arrest him.
The Isla de Panay anchored at Barcelona, Spain on
October 3, 1896, Jose Rizal was placed under heavy
guard by the Military Commander of Barcelona,
Governor Eulogio Despujol.
GOING TO SPAIN | EXILE, TRIAL AND DEATH OF RIZAL
October 6, 1896
Jose Rizal was transported
to Monjuich prison-fortress.
Jose Rizal was then taken
aboard by the ship "Colon",
which left for Manila at 8:00
P.M
GOING TO SPAIN | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
The Last Homecoming
Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose Rizal
November 3, 1896
Rizal arrived in Manila as a
prisoner. He was detained in
Fort Santiago where he had
been imprisoned four years.
THE LAST HOMECOMING | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
Preliminary Investigation
November 20, 1896
Rizal
underwent
a
series
of
interrogations
under
Colonel
Francisco Olive.
Rizal was said to have admitted
knowing most of the questioned
“Though he would deny to the end that
he knew either Andres Bonifacio or
Apolinario Mabini”.
THE LAST HOMECOMING | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
2 Kinds of Evidences presented
during Rizal's Trial:
Documentary Evidence where
consist of 15 exhibits.
Testimonial Evidence consist of
oral testimonies.
15 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCES
Jose Rizal's Trial
01
02
A letter from
Antonio Luna
to Mariano
Ponce dated
Oct. 16, 1888,
Madrid.
A letter of Rizal
to his family
dated Aug. 20,
1890, Madrid.
| THE LAST HOMECOMING
03
04
A letter from
A poem entitled
M.H. Del Pilar to
“Kundiman”
Deodato
allegedly
Arellano dated written by Rizal.
Jan 7, 1889,
Madrid
05
A letter of Carlos
Oliver to an
unidentified
person, Sept. 18,
1891.
THE LAST HOMECOMING |
Kundiman
by Jose Rizal
Tunay ngayong umid yaring dila't puso
Sinta'y umiilag, tuwa'y lumalayo,
Bayan palibhasa'y lupig at sumuko
Sa kapabayaan ng nagturong puno.
Datapuwa't muling sisikat and araw,
Pilit maliligtas ang inaping bayan,
Magbabalik mandin at muling iiral
Ang ngalang Tagalog sa sandaigdigan.
Ibubuhos namin ang dugo't babaha
Matubos nga lamang ang sa amang lupa
Habang di ninilang panahong tadhana,
Sinta'y tatahimik, iidlip ang nasa.
15 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCES
Jose Rizal's Trial
06
07
08
09
10
A Masonic
document
dated Feb. 9,
1892.
A letter signed
“Dimasalang” to
Ten Luz (Juan
Zulueta) dated
May 24, 1892,
H.K.
A letter signed
by Dimasalang
to an
unidentified
committee
dated June 1,
1892, Hong
Kong.
An anonymous
and undated
letter to the
Editor of the
Hong Kong
Telegraph.
A letter of
Ildefonso Laurel
to Rizal, dated
Sept. 3, 1892.
| THE LAST HOMECOMING
15 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCES
Jose Rizal's Trial
11
12
13
14
15
A letter of Rizal
Segundo,
dated Sept. 17,
1893.
A letter to M.H.
Del Pilar to Juan
A. Tenluz
A transcript of
the speech of
Pinkian (Emilio
Jacinto) in a
meeting of the
Katipunan on
July 23, 1893.
Transcript of a
speech of TikTik (Jose
Turiano
Santiago)
during the same
Katipunan
meeting.
A poem by Laon
Laan (Rizal)
entitled A
Talisay.
| THE LAST HOMECOMING
13 Testimonial Evidences
Martin Constantino
Aguedo del Rosario
Jose Reyes
Moises Salvador
Jose Dizon
Pio Valenzuela
THE LAST HOMECOMING |
13 Testimonial Evidences
Ambrosio Savador
Francisco Quison
Timoteo Paez
Deodato Arellano
Pedro Serrano Laktaw
Antonio Salazar
Domingo Franco
THE LAST HOMECOMING |
November 26, 1896
Olive submitted the reports to Blanco,
and Captain Rafael Dominguez was
assigned as special Judge Advocate in
Rizal’s case.
THE LAST HOMECOMING | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
DON NICOLAS DE LA PEÑA'S
RECOMMENDATIONS:
Rizal be instantly brought to trial.
He must be kept in jail.
An order of attachment be issued against his
property and;
A Spanish army officer, not a civilian lawyer,
be permitted to defend him in court.
THE LAST HOMECOMING | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
December 8, 1896
He was given the restricted right to
choose his lawyer from a list of 100
Spanish army officers. He chose Lt. Luis
Taviel de Andrade.
THE LAST HOMECOMING | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
December 11, 1896
He was accused of being the main
organizer and the “Living soul” of the
revolution having proliferated ideas of
rebellion and of founding illegal
organizations.
He pleaded not guilty to the crime of
rebellion.
THE LAST HOMECOMING | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
December 13, 1896
The day Camilo G. de Polavieja replaced
Blanco as governor general, papers of
Rizal’s criminal case were sent to
Malacañang.
THE LAST HOMECOMING | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
December 15, 1896
He wrote a manifesto appealing to the
revolutionaries to discontinue the
uprising and pursue to attain liberty
instead by means of education.
But De la Peña interpreted the
manifesto as all the more advocating
the spirit of rebellion as it ultimately
willed the Filipino liberty.
Polavieja was thus disallowed to issue
Rizal's manifesto.
THE LAST HOMECOMING | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
The Rat in the
Kangaroo Court
Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose Rizal
December 26, 1896
On the morning of December
26, 1896, the Filipino patriot
who was once figuratively
referred to by Spanish officials
as a "trapped rat" appeared in
the kangaroo court inside the
military building, Cuartel de
España.
THE RAT IN THE KANGAROO COURT | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
THE RAT IN THE KANGAROO
COURT
Judge Advocate Dominguez presented Rizal's criminal
case followed by the lengthy speech of Prosecuting
Attorney Enrique de Alcocer.
At the end, Alcocer petitioned for a death sentence for
Rizal and an indemnity of twenty thousand pesos.
THE RAT IN THE KANGAROO COURT | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
THE RAT IN THE KANGAROO
COURT
Rizal's defense counsel, Lt. Andrade, then took the
floor and tried his very best to save his client by
reading his responsive defense, stressing, too, that it
was but natural for anyone to yearn for liberty and
independence.
THE RAT IN THE KANGAROO COURT | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
THE RAT IN THE KANGAROO
COURT
Lt. Col. Arjona then declared the trial over. Expectedly,
the entire defense was indifferently disregarded in
Rizal's mock trial as it instantaneously considered him
guilty.
The trial ended with the reading of the sentence - Jose
Rizal was found guilty, and the sentence was death by
firing squad.
THE RAT IN THE KANGAROO COURT | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
December 28, 1896
Governor-General
Polavieja
signed the court decision and
decreed that the guilty be
executed by firing squad at 7
am of December 30, 1896 at
Bagumbayan (Luneta).
THE RAT IN THE KANGAROO COURT | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
Rizal's last 25 hours:
6:00 AM to 12:00 PM
Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose Rizal
6:00 AM to 12:00 PM of Dec. 29, 1896
6:00 AM to 7:00 AM
Judge Advocate Dominguez formally read the death
sentence to Rizal.
7:00 AM to 8:00 AM
He was transferred to either his "death cell" or "prison
chapel". He was visited by Jesuit priests, Miguel Saderra
Mata and Luis Viza.
8:00 AM to 9:00 AM
Rizal shared his breakfast with Antonio Rosell. Later, Lt.
Andrade came and Rizal thanked his defense lawyer.
RIZAL'S LAST 25 HOURS | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
6:00 AM to 12:00 PM of Dec. 29, 1896
9:00 AM to 10:00 AM
Santiago Mataix of the Spanish newspaper El Heraldo
de Madrid interviewed Rizal.
10:00 AM to 11:00 AM
Priest Federico Faura came.He advised Rizal to forget
about his resentment and marry Josephine canonically.
11:00 AM to 12:00 PM
Two other priests. Jose Vilaclara and Vicente Balaguer
(missionary in Dapitan) also visited Rizal
RIZAL'S LAST 25 HOURS | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
Rizal's last 25 hours:
12:00 PM to 7:00 PM
Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose Rizal
12:00 PM to 7:00 PM of Dec. 29, 1896
12:00 PM to 3:30 PM
He was left in his cell, he had his lunch, read the bible
and meditated. He was busy writing his farewell poem
Rizal also wrote to Blumentritt his last letter, he called
it the Austrian Scholar “my best, my dearest friend”.
At 3:30PM
Father Balaguer returned to Fort Santiago and
discussed with Rizal about his retraction.
RIZAL'S LAST 25 HOURS | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
12:00 PM to 7:00 PM of Dec. 29, 1896
At 4:00 PM
The sorrowful Dona Teodora and Jose’s sister went to
see the sentenced Rizal.
Rizal gave his farewell poem (Mi Ultimo Adios) to
Trinidad.
At 5:30 PM
Dean of the Manila Cathedral, Don Silvino Lopes Tunon
went to see Rizal.
At 6:00 PM
Josephine Bracken arrived in Fort Santiago.
RIZAL'S LAST 25 HOURS | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
Rizal's last 25 hours:
The Night of Dec. 29
Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose Rizal
The Night of December 29, 1896
At 7:00 PM
Fr. Frederico Faura returned and convinced Rizal
to trust him and some other Ateneo professors.
After some quiet moments, Rizal purportedly
confessed to Faura.
At 8:00 PM
He had his last supper and he informed Captain
Domingues that he had forgiven his enemies.
RIZAL'S LAST 25 HOURS | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
The Night of December 29, 1896
At 9:30 PM
Rizal was visited by Don Gaspar Centaño the
fiscal of the Royal Audienca of Manila and had an
amiable talk.
At 10:00 PM
The draft of the retraction sent by the antiFilipino Archbishop Bernando Nozaleda was
submitted by Father Balaguer to Rizal for
signature, but he rejected it.
RIZAL'S LAST 25 HOURS | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
Rizal's last 25 hours:
The Early Morning of
December 30, 1896
Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose Rizal
The Early Morning, December 30, 1896
At 3:00 AM
Rizal heard Mass, confessed his sins, and took
Communion.
At 4:00 AM
Read "Imitation of Christ", and meditated.
At 5:00 AM
Rizal washed up, attended his personal needs, read the
bible, contemplated, and had breakfast.
Wrote 2 letters: For his family, and for Paciano.
RIZAL'S LAST 25 HOURS | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
THE EARLY MORNING OF DECEMBER 30. 1896
Letter to Rizal's Family
by Jose Rizal
"I ask you for forgiveness for
the pain I cause you... I die
resigned, hoping that with
my death you will be left in
peace..."
THE EARLY MORNING OF DECEMBER 30. 1896
Letter to Paciano
by Jose Rizal
"Now I am about to die, and
it is you I dedicate my last
lines, to tell you how sad I am
to leave you alone in life,
burdened with the weight of
the family and our old
parents."
The Early Morning, December 30, 1896
At 5:30 AM
Josephine Bracken, accompanied by Josefa, arrived.
The two lovers spent their last moments, and Rizal gave
his last gift to Bracken - a religious book entitled
"Imitation of Christ" by Fr. Thomas a Kempis.
At 6:00 AM
As the soldiers were getting ready, Rizal wrote his last
letter to his beloved parents, Don Francisco and
Teodora Alonso.
RIZAL'S LAST 25 HOURS | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
THE EARLY MORNING OF DECEMBER 30. 1896
Letter to Teodora Alonso
by Jose Rizal
"To my very dear Mother;
Sra. Dña Teodora Alonso
6 o'clock in the morning,
December 30, 1896
Jose Rizal"
THE EARLY MORNING OF DECEMBER 30. 1896
Letter to Francisco Mercado
by Jose Rizal
"Pardon me for the pain
which I repay you... Good bye,
Father, goodbye..."
Rizal's last 25 hours:
Slow Walk to Death
Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose Rizal
Slow Walk to Death, Dec. 30, 1896
At about 6:30 AM
A trumpet sounded at Fort Santiago, a signal to begin the
death march to Bagumbayan.
Rizal walked calmly with his counsel defense on one side
and two Jesuit priests (Fr. March and Fr. Vilaclara) on the
other.
He was dressed elegantly in a black suit and tie, black derby
hat, white shirt, and black shoes.
RIZAL'S LAST 25 HOURS | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
Slow Walk to Death, Dec. 30, 1896
They reached the Bagumbayan Field (Luneta
Park).
Rizal, knowing the event is innevitable, bade
farewell to the 2 Jesuit priests, and to Lt. Luis
Andrade.
Rizal requested that he wants to be shot facing
the firing squad, but his request was denied.
RIZAL'S LAST 25 HOURS | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
Slow Walk to Death, Dec. 30, 1896
Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo, a Spanish military
physician checked Rizal's pulse, and he was
amazed to find it at a normal pulse rate.
Rizal was offered by the priests a crucifix to
kiss, but he slowly and silently turned away,
and prepared for his death.
RIZAL'S LAST 25 HOURS | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
Slow Walk to Death, Dec. 30, 1896
When the command has been given, the executioners'
long guns barked at once. Rizal yelled "Consummatum
est!" as he simultaneously exerted a final effort to twist
his bullet-pierced body halfway around.
Facing the sky, Rizal fell on the ground dead at exactly
7:03 AM of December 30, 1896. He was 35 years, 5
months, and 11 days old.
RIZAL'S LAST 25 HOURS | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
Glimpse of the
Aftermath: Rizal's
Matryrdom
Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose Rizal
Aftermath of a Hero - Martyr's Death
All Spaniards - residents, friars (but not
Jesuits), Spanish officials exulted with sadistic
joy.
"Viva España! Muerte a los Traidores" (Long
Live Spain, Death to the Traitors!) were
shouted, and played the Marcha de Cadiz.
Through his writings, Rizal proved that pen is
mightier that sword.
GLIMPSE OF THE AFTERMATH | EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH
References
Exile, Trial, and Death of Jose Rizal
References
1. Life and Works of Rizal by J.D.G Mañebog, et al. (2018)
2. https://www.slideshare.net/maureengracesimongo/rizal-50048708
3. https://www.slideshare.net/itatsmat0/rizals-trial-selfexplanation
4. https://xiaochua.net/2012/12/25/the-last-days-of-jose-rizal-a-timeline-of-his-last-arrestincarceration-execution-and-the-journey-of-his-remains/camilo-de-polavieja-copy/
5. https://xiaochua.net/2012/12/25/the-last-days-of-jose-rizal-a-timeline-of-his-last-arrestincarceration-execution-and-the-journey-of-his-remains/cuartel-de-espana-copy/
6. https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/OnlineLibrary/photos/images/h88000/h88616.jpg
7. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Castilla_1881_cruiser.jpg
8. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ram%C3%B3n_Blanco.png
9. https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/OnlineLibrary/photos/images/h88000/h88616.jpg
10. https://www.tripsavvy.com/guide-to-fort-santiago-intramuros-manila-1629572
11. https://images.app.goo.gl/4c6EhaeXMNKnviQ7A
12. https://images.app.goo.gl/aEjbP35TdLZLrjqH7
EXILE, TRIAL, AND DEATH OF JOSE RIZAL (1896)
HSED 2 - Rizal's Life and Works
Exile, Trial
and Death of
Jose Rizal
PRESENTED BY: KIE, LOPEZ, MACABATA,
PADULLANO, TAGOS