Micro Project Report On
“Viscosity”
Partial Fulfilment of the requirement for the Diploma in
Mechanical Engineering And Polytechnic
Submitted By :
Shreyas Manoj More
Dipak Gautam Sawale
Mangesh Jayendra Zalte
Kunal sopan varade
Vaibhav Shantaram Kalaskar
Under the Guidance of
Mr. K.F.Wadekar
Department Of Mechanical Engineering
Padmashri. Dr. V. B. Kolte College Of Engineering And Polytechnic, MALKAPUR.
DIST. – BULDHANA
443101
2022-2023
LSSBM’S
Padm. Dr. V. B. Kolte College of Engineering , Malkapur
Department Of Mechanical Engineering
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that “Shreyas Manoj More, Dipak Gautam Sawale, Mangesh
Jayendra Zalte, Kunal sopan varade, Vaibhav Shantaram Kalaskar” of Polytechnic First
Year Mechanical Engineering have submitted a micro project titled “Viscosity” during the
academic year 2022- 2023 satisfactory manner in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of MSBTE,Mumbai.
Mr. Saket Patil
Mr. K.F.Wadekar
Head of Department
Mechanical engineering Department
MR.S.N.Khachane
Principal
Padm.Dr.VBKCOE,Malkapur
Guide
Mechanical Engineering
Department
DECLARATION
I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and where
others' ideas or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original
sources. I also declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity
and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my
submission. I understand that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action
by the Institute and can also evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been
properly cited or from whom proper permission has not been taken when needed.
❖
❖
❖
❖
❖
Submitted by:Shreyas Manoj More
Dipak Gautam Sawale
Mangesh Jayendra Zalte
Kunal sopan varade
Vaibhav Shantaram Kalaskar
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express deep gratitude for enthusiasm and valuable suggestions that I got from my Guide
Mr. K.F.Wadekar lecturer of Mechanical Engineering, for successful completion of the
Project report. This was not possible without his invaluable guidance. I pay deep regards to
our HOD Mr. Saket Patil Principal Mr. S.N.Khachane who are instrumental in setting
standards for the students to achieve. Finally,
I am thankful to all the people who are related to the project directly or indirectly.
I am grateful to all the teachers and Staff of Department of Mechanical Engineering. I
also want to thank my faculty who showed a great will of strength, constant encouragement
and without his cooperation I would have not been able to complete this work.
Part A
Title of micro project:- Viscosity
Brief introduction:-
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It is a fundamental physical property of fluids
that determines how easily they flow or deform under an applied force. Viscosity is a result of the
internal friction between adjacent layers of fluid molecules, which opposes their relative motion.
In general, fluids with high viscosity are thick and resistant to flow, while fluids with low viscosity
are thin and flow easily. Viscosity plays a crucial role in many areas of science and engineering,
from understanding the behavior of fluids in the human body to designing lubricants for
machinery.
Aim of Micro-Project:•
study in detail about the various types of importance in various physical phenomena.
•
What is Viscosity.
•
Understanding of the concept of viscosity
Course Outcome:
•
•
Select Relevant Material in industry by analyzing its physical properties.
Understand the concept of viscosity and how it relates to the physical properties of fluids.
Action Plan:-
Sr
No.
Planned
Planned
Name of team
start date
finished date
member
First we select topics which can
study
02-03-2023
05-03-2023
Shreyas More
Then search information about
08-03-2023
12-03-2023
Vaibhav
Kalaskar
Details of activity
1
2
Viscosity
Then collect all the Reviews of
Information
14-03-2023
20-03-2023
Dipak Sawale
3
4
Then discuss with our subject
teacher
22-03-2023
25-03-2023
Mangesh
Zalte
Then prepare report on it
29-03-2023
03-04-2023
Kunal Varade
5
Resource Required
Specificatio n
Sr.
NO.
1
Name OF Resources
Viscosity
Quantit
y
www.google.com
1
Remark
Part B
Title of micro project:- Viscosity
Brief introduction:Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. It is a fundamental physical property of fluids
that determines how easily they flow or deform under an applied force. Viscosity is a result of the
internal friction between adjacent layers of fluid molecules, which opposes their relative motion.
In general, fluids with high viscosity are thick and resistant to flow, while fluids with low viscosity
are thin and flow easily. Viscosity plays a crucial role in many areas of science and engineering,
from understanding the behavior of fluids in the human body to designing lubricants for
machinery.
Aim of micro- project
• study in detail about the various types of importance in various physical phenomena.
•
What is Viscosity.
•
Understanding of the concept of viscosity
Actual procedure followed
•
First we select topics which can
study
•
Then search information about
Viscosity
•
Then discuss with our subject teacher
•
Then prepare report on it
Actual resource used
Specificatio n
Sr.
NO.
1
Name OF Resources
Viscosity
Outputs of the micro-projects
Quantit
y
www.google.com
1
Remark
Viscosity
1. What is Viscosity?
Most fluids offer some resistance to motion, and we call this resistance “viscosity.” Viscosity
arises when there is relative motion between layers of the fluid. More precisely, it measures
resistance to flow arising due to the internal friction between the fluid layers as they slip past one
another when fluid flows. Viscosity can also be thought of as a measure of a fluid’s thickness or its
resistance to objects passing through it.
fluid with large viscosity resists motion because its strong intermolecular forces give it a lot
of internal friction, resisting the movement of layers past one another. On the contrary, a fluid with
low viscosity flows easily because its molecular makeup results in very little friction when it is in
motion. Gases also exhibit viscosity, but it is harder to notice in ordinary circumstances.
2. Viscosity Definition
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
The SI unit of viscosity is poiseiulle (PI). Its other units are newton-second per square
metre (N s m-2) or pascal-second (Pa s.) The dimensional formula of viscosity is [ML-1T-1].
The viscosity of liquids decreases rapidly with an increase in temperature, and the viscosity
of gases increases with an increase in temperature. Thus, upon heating, liquids flow more easily,
whereas gases flow more slowly. Also, viscosity does not change as the amount of matter changes,
therefore it is an intensive property.
3. Viscosity Formula
Viscosity is measured in terms of a ratio of shearing stress to the velocity gradient in a fluid. If a
sphere is dropped into a fluid, the viscosity can be determined using the following formula:
𝜼=
𝟐𝒈𝒂𝟐 (∆𝝆)
𝟗𝒗
Where ∆ρ is the density difference between fluid and sphere tested, a is the radius of the sphere, g is
the acceleration due to gravity and v is the velocity of the sphere.
4. Viscosity Types
Viscosity is the measure of fluid’s friction to its flow. There are two ways to measure the fluid’s
viscosity as follows:
•
Dynamic Viscosity (Absolute Viscosity)
•
Kinematic Viscosity
One way is to measure the fluid’s resistance to flow when an external force is applied. This is
known as Dynamic Viscosity. And the other way is to measure the resistive flow of a fluid under
the weight of gravity. We call this measure of fluid viscosity kinematic viscosity.
Many are confused between the two viscosity measures and consider them to be one and the same.
In reality, they have significant differences between them. For a few applications, kinematic
viscosity is more useful than absolute or dynamic viscosity.
5. Viscosity Measurement
The elementary way of measuring viscosity is to allow a sphere, such as a metal ball, to
drop through a fluid and time the fall of the metal ball. The slower the sphere falls, the greater the
viscosity. But, a more accurate measure of viscosity is given by the viscometer.
6. Working model:
Here are three liquids with varying viscosities that I will use to prepare the working model:
•
Water - low viscosity
•
Honey - medium viscosity
•
Vegetable oil - high viscosity
Materials:
1. Three cups or containers
2. Water
3. Honey
4. Vegetable oil
5. A stopwatch or timer
6. A small ball or marble
7. A ruler or measuring tape
Instructions:
1. Fill each of the three cups or containers with one of the liquids - water, honey, and vegetable oil.
2. Using a stopwatch or timer, time how long it takes for the ball or marble to sink to the bottom of
each cup of liquid. Record the time for each liquid.
3. Measure the distance that the ball or marble sinks into each cup using a ruler or measuring tape.
Record the distance for each liquid.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 several times for each liquid to get an average time and distance measurement.
5. Analyze the data and observe that the ball or marble sinks fastest and the deepest in water, slower
and shallower in honey, and slowest and shallowest in vegetable oil.
6. This shows that water has the lowest viscosity, honey has a medium viscosity, and vegetable oil has
the highest viscosity.
7. The application of this model is that it can be used to differentiate liquids based on their viscosity.
Viscosity is an important property of liquids that can affect their flow and behavior, and can be
important in various fields such as chemistry, physics, engineering, and medicine.
It's important to ensure that the ball or marble used in the experiment has the same size and weight for
accurate measurements. Additionally, ensure that the cups or containers used are of the same size and shape
for consistency.
✦✦✦
• Skills developed / learning out of this micro-project
•
Familiarity with the various methods of measuring viscosity, including viscometry techniques and
rheological measurements.
•
Understanding of the relationships between viscosity, temperature, pressure, and shear rate.
•
Knowledge of the applications of viscosity in various industries such as petroleum, chemical, and
food processing.
•
Ability to analyze and solve problems related to viscosity, such as flow rate and pressure drop in
pipes and channels.
TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET
Name of Student: Shreyas Manoj More
Enrollment No.: 2215650114
Name of Programme:- Mechanical Engineering
Semester :- 2
Course Title: - Applied Physics
Code :- 22202
Title of the Micro-project: - Viscosity
Course Outcome:
• Select Relevant Material in industry by analyzing its physical properties.
• Understand the concept of viscosity and how it relates to the physical properties of fluids.
Sr.
No.
Characteristic To Be
Assessed
1
2
3
4
Relevance to course
Literature survey
Project proposal
Completion of target
5
6
7
8
Analysis & representation of data
9
Poor Marks
Average
Marks4- 5
1-3
Good
Marks6-8
Excellent
Marks9-10
Quality of Prototype/Model
Report preparation
Presentation
Defense
Process Assessment
Part A
Project
Proposal
2 Marks
Project Methodology 2
Marks
Product Assessment
Part B
Individual Presentation
Project
Viva
Report /
4 Marks
Working
Model 2
Marks
Total
mark.10
Comments / Suggestion about team work / leadership / inter-personal communication (if any Any
other comments:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name and designation of the Teacher -----------------Dated Signature ---------------------------------------------
TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET
Name of Student: Dipak Gautam Sawale
Enrollment No.: 2215650115
Name of Programme:- Mechanical Engineering
Semester :- 2
Course Title: - Applied Physics
Code :- 22202
Title of the Micro-project: - Viscosity
Course Outcome:
• Select Relevant Material in industry by analyzing its physical properties.
• Understand the concept of viscosity and how it relates to the physical properties of fluids.
Sr.
No.
Characteristic To Be Assessed
Average
Marks4- 5
1-3
1
Relevance to course
2
Literature survey
3
Project proposal
4
Completion of target
5
Analysis & representation of data
6
Quality of Prototype/Model
7
Report preparation
8
Presentation
9
Poor Marks
Defense
Process Assessment
Part A
Project
Proposal
2 Marks
Project Methodology 2
Marks
Good
Marks6-8
Product Assessment
Part B
Individual Presentation
Project
Viva
Report /
4 Marks
Working
Model 2
Marks
Excellent
Marks9-10
Total
mark.10
Comments / Suggestion about team work / leadership / inter-personal communication (if any Any
other comments:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name and designation of the Teacher -----------------Dated Signature ---------------------------------------------
TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET
Name of Student: Kunal sopan warade
Enrollment No.: 2215650113
Name of Programme:- Mechanical Engineering
Semester :- 2
Course Title: - Applied Physics
Code :- 22202
Title of the Micro-project: - Viscosity
Course Outcome:
• Select Relevant Material in industry by analyzing its physical properties.
• Understand the concept of viscosity and how it relates to the physical properties of fluids.
Sr.
No.
Characteristic To Be Assessed
Average
Marks4- 5
1-3
1
Relevance to course
2
Literature survey
3
Project proposal
4
Completion of target
5
Analysis & representation of data
6
Quality of Prototype/Model
7
Report preparation
8
Presentation
9
Poor Marks
Defense
Process Assessment
Part A
Project
Proposal
2 Marks
Project Methodology 2
Marks
Good
Marks6-8
Product Assessment
Part B
Individual Presentation
Project
Viva
Report /
4 Marks
Working
Model 2
Marks
Excellent
Marks9-10
Total
mark.10
Comments / Suggestion about team work / leadership / inter-personal communication (if any Any
other comments:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name and designation of the Teacher -----------------Dated Signature ---------------------------------------------
TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET
Name of Student: Mangesh jayendra zalte
Enrollment No.: 2215650116
Name of Programme:- Mechanical Engineering
Semester :- 2
Course Title: - Applied Physics
Code :- 22202
Title of the Micro-project: - Viscosity
Course Outcome:
• Select Relevant Material in industry by analyzing its physical properties.
• Understand the concept of viscosity and how it relates to the physical properties of fluids.
Sr.
No.
Characteristic To Be Assessed
Average
Marks4- 5
1-3
1
2
Relevance to course
Literature survey
3
Project proposal
4
Completion of target
5
6
Analysis & representation of data
7
Report preparation
8
Presentation
9
Poor Marks
Good
Marks6-8
Excellent
Marks9-10
Quality of Prototype/Model
Defense
Process Assessment
Part A
Project
Proposal
2 Marks
Project Methodology 2
Marks
Product Assessment
Part B
Individual Presentation
Project
Viva
Report /
4 Marks
Working
Model 2
Marks
Total
mark.10
Comments / Suggestion about team work / leadership / inter-personal communication (if any Any
other comments:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name and designation of the Teacher -----------------Dated Signature ---------------------------------------------
TEACHER EVALUATION SHEET
Name of Student: Vaibhav shantaram kalaskar
Enrollment No.: 2215650112
Name of Programme:- Mechanical Engineering
Semester :- 2
Course Title: - Applied Physics
Code :- 22202
Title of the Micro-project: - Viscosity
Course Outcome:
• Select Relevant Material in industry by analyzing its physical properties.
• Understand the concept of viscosity and how it relates to the physical properties of fluids.
Sr.
No.
Characteristic To Be Assessed
1
2
Relevance to course
Literature survey
3
Project proposal
4
Completion of target
5
6
Analysis & representation of data
7
Report preparation
8
Presentation
9
Poor Marks
Average
Marks4- 5
1-3
Good
Marks6-8
Excellent
Marks9-10
Quality of Prototype/Model
Defense
Process Assessment
Part A
Project
Proposal
2 Marks
Project Methodology 2
Marks
Product Assessment
Part B
Individual Presentation
Project
Viva
Report /
4 Marks
Working
Model 2
Marks
Total
mark.10
Comments / Suggestion about team work / leadership / inter-personal communication (if any Any
other comments:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Name and designation of the Teacher -----------------Dated Signature ---------------------------------------------