Quiz - Unit 8
World War II, Early Cold War
Multiple Choice, short paragraph open response or Primary Source ID
People, Places, imPortant terms, Primary Sources,
Franklin Delano Roosevelt: President in the 1930s through WWII, New Deal Project
Neutrality Acts:
 1935: banned arms shipments to any country where a state of war existed
(determined by the Congress), but did not prohibit sale of raw material (i.e oil, steel)
 1936: give president the authority to determine when a state of war existed and
prohibited loans to belligerent (shift in power)
 1937: supply allies with cash and carry
“Four Freedoms” (speech / Rockwell painting): freedom of speech, freedom from fear, freedom from
want, freedom of worship
Lend-Lease Act (1941): authorize transfer of defensive equipment to the governments whose
defense was deemed vital to the defense of the US (the government could claim which country
was important)
Pearl Harbor Attack (Dec 7, 1941): Japanese surprise attack after tension fighting the control
over Pacific islands, caused damage of a few battleship, while not as significant as the
Japanese intended, the direct cause of America formally join WWII by declaring war against
Japan, followed by Germany declared war on America
Rosie the Riveter: Propaganda figure, advertising women to join the workforce during war time
to free more man to go to the battlefield
Double Victory Campaign: victory against oversea dictator (the axis) and victory over
discrimination at home, it was a campaign by the African Americans who seek an opportunity for
equality during the war
Tuskegee Airmen: an airforce unit that was composed of all African American soldiers. They
made progress during the war (and units of other race/descendants tended to had remarkable
progress to prove their loyalty to US in order to reduce discrimination)
Internment Camps (Executive Order 9066): After Pearl Harbor, FDR put all Japanese
Americans into internment camps with poor living conditions to prevent possible espionage
Nisei / 442nd Infantry-Japanese unit who proved loyalty
Harry Truman-president of US after FDR,fight for desegragation, decide to bomb
War Productions Board-organization that provide the propaganda and supervise production,
est.after getting the war
Rationing / Propaganda
GI Bill of Rights-available from 1944 to 1956 for WWII and Korean Conflict veterans to apply full
tuition for college or low-interest loans for house purchasescollege became part of the
American life and development of suburbs due to more houses
Baby Boom-after WWII, with better welfare and more returning soldiers, many more babies
were born comparing to other periods in history
Federal Highway Act 1956-$51 billion on an interstate highway system, standard construction
and width for troop mobilization if needed and plane take offs, connect the country, making the
people even more rely on cars and made travel easier and more convenient, growth of travel
industry
Suburbs-with black immigration to the north, the white escaped to the suburbs, more people
lived in the suburbs in 1950s than rural and urban area combined / Levittown-standard,
convenient building houses, pre-cut lumber, same style houses throughout suburbs, efficiency
was the key
Sputnik (1957)-first earth satellite launched by the Soviet Union; and NASA (1958)-US agency
to catch up space development competing against USSR
Containment-allow communism to exist(contain) but prevent it from spreading elsewhere / Iron
Curtain-Churchill’s speech that the division of Germany cut out east communism and west
democracy
Truman Doctrine-assist all vulnerable countries from communism (Greece & Turkey) / Marshall
Plan-help pay reparation
HUAC / McCarthyism-spy on US citizens and officials, accuse people of disloyalty, repeatedly
ask people questions, if people don’t corporatelose jobs or in jail; McCarthy also distort
evidence to use it as partisan weapon against Democrats, lost power as he investigated military
Korean Conflict-North Korea invaded South Korea in 1950, conquered most of the land, US
pushed UN to pass a bill to send military, pushed back to Chinese boundary, got pushed back
and signed armistice in 1953
NSC-68: the only way to defeat Soviet Union was to build up nuclear arsenal to enable US to
pursue a global crusade against communism (not direct in war, but the weapons threated
communism, also created jobs in the military industrial complex)
38th Parallel-boundary set after WWII in Korea Peninsula, divided Korea into zones under
USSR or US control, a demilitarized zone was set in 1953 between North and South Korea after
the conflict
North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949-US initiated organization that included democracies in
North Atlantic Region (including FR, BR, and Canada…)
Domino Theory (1954)-fear that if one nation fell into communism, nearby nations would
became communist as well
Eisenhower Doctrine (Suez 1956, Berlin 1958)-any country could request American economic
assistance or military forces if being threatened by armed aggression from another stateallow
US direct involvement into Suez crisis (keep the canal still accessible without falling into the
control of communist) and Berlin
Massive Retaliation / Nuclear Proliferation-the idea based on NSC-68 that US continued to build
up arsenal and it turned into an arm race between US and USSR
Brinkmanship: policy that push as hard as possible but avoid going to war and using nuclear
weapons, targeting USSR and China mostly
John F. Kennedy-oversaw Cuban Missile Crisis and established NASA
Cuban Missile Crisis-USSR placed and sent nuclear weapon to Cuba to threat US, was
detected by photoanalysis and US blocked the ships transporting the weapon and US placed
missile in Turkey. They finally reached agreement not to remove missile on both
Duck and Cover-propaganda on children on what to do if a nuclear attacked happens
Questions you should be able to answer
- What were the steps that America took as it slowly entered into World War II in Europe
and in the Pacific? Be able to explain the change from isolationism to involvement
 Neutrality Acts: support the allies with first just raw materials and later defense
equipments
 Isolationism to recover from the Great Depression, fuel the economy through
industrial military complex, draft and train soldiers to prepare for war
 Competition for resources from the Pacific Islands against Japan, continuation of
economic dominance strategyPearl Harbordirectly join the war (with an
appropriate reason)
 Preparationinvolvement, the process was gradual for the people to support
- How did World War II change life on the homefront for Americans? What challenges
and/or opportunities did minority groups (women, African Americans, Japanese
Americans) face?
 Military Industrial Complex: economic recovery from the Great Depression
 Women: were encouraged to join the work force as always during the war, but was
only temporary during the war and “should” return to domestic positions after the war
 African Americans: racial discrimination was reduced during the war as they were
mostly doing the same thing as white soldiers, while still segregated. Reduce in
discrimination invoked the opportunity and desire for equalityDouble V Campaign
 Japanese Americans: hostility, loss of property & internment camps, some Japanese
Americans joined the army to prove loyalty
- How did postwar life change (improve) for many Americans? How did nuclear war
impact American life?
 New technology+ Disposable incomemore convenient life style with disposable
products
 Manufacturers continued to advertise their products to female
 Medical advancement and vaccine invention increased lifespan
 Federal Highway Act made travel faster and more convenient that became a new life
style. Development of suburbs could partially be accounted for it. Birth of American
fast food.
 School children were taught to “protect” themselves in a nuclear attack. Due to fear
of communism because of its nuclear weapons, people could sometimes live in the
fear of being accused disloyalty or as communist
- How did the Cold War (events and ideology) reshape ideas of American freedom?
 Fear of communismfear of being accused disloyaltyAmerican
freedom=anticommunism
 The government centralized power to protect freedom, which was the opposite of
democracy
- How did fear of communism and the promotion of democracy lead to American
internationalism? Where did America get involved in the 1950s?
 Fear of spread of communism (Domino Theory)intervention in international affair
 Truman Doctrine: aid to countries vulnerable to communism
 Eisenhower Doctrine: economic assistance and military force (more than just aid) to
countries that were being threatened by armed aggression
 Korea: manipulated UN to support, US not directly involved as Congress didn’t
formally declare war
 Guatemala: guided the overthrew of Arbenz (democratically elected president who
would like to give fallow land to the poor) and replaced him with a military
government (junta) that caused long lasting repression on the indigenous people