National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences MA110 - Engineering Mathematics - I Problem Sheet - 8 (with solutions) Line Integrals & Vector Fields, Work, Circulation, and Flux & Path Independence, Potential Functions and Conservative Fields 1. Evaluate (ANS: Z 13 ) 2 C ( xy + y + z) ds along the curve r(t) = 2ti + tj + (2 − 2t)k, 0 6 t 6 1. 2. Find the integral of f ( x, y, z) = 3x2 + (2xz − y) + z over the stright-line segment from (0, 0, 0) to (2, 1, 3). √ (ANS:3 14) 3. Find the work done by force F from (0, 0, 0) to (1, 1, 1) over each of the following paths: a. The stright-line path C1 : r(t) = ti + tj + tk, 0 6 t 6 1 b. The curve path C2 : r(t) = ti + t2 j + t4 k, 0 6 t 6 1 c. The path C3 ∪ C4 consisting of the line segment from (0, 0, 0) to (1, 1, 0) followed by the segment from (1, 1, 0) to (1, 1, 1) (i). F = 3yi + 2xj + 4zk (ii). F = xyi + yzj + xzk 13 9 9 , c. , (ANS:[(i).] a. , b. 2 3 2 17 5 [(ii ).] a.1, b. , c. ) 18 6 4. Find the work done by F = 2yi + 3xj + ( x + y)k over the curve r(t) = (cos t)i + (sin t)j + (t/6)k, 0 6 t 6 2π in the direction of increasing t. (ANS:π) 5. Evaluate (ANS:0) 6. Evaluate Z C Z C x dx + y dy across the ellipse x2 + 4y2 = 4. ( x − y) dx + ( x + y) dy counterclockwise around the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (1, 0) and (0, 1). (ANS:1) 1 7. Find the circulation/flow of the velocity field F = ( x + y)i − ( x2 + y2 )j along each of the following paths from (1, 0) to (−1, 0) in the xy-plane. (a) The upper half of the circle x2 + y2 = 1 (b) The line segment from (1, 0) to (−1, 0) (c) The line segment from (1, 0) to (0, −1) followed by the line segment from (0, −1) to (−1, 0) (ANS:( a) − π , (b) 0, (c)1.) 2 8. Find the flux of the field F = ( x + y)i − ( x2 + y2 )j outward across the triangle with vertices (1, 0), (0, 1), (−1, 0). 1 (ANS:From (1, 0) to (0, 1) : 3 2 From (0, 1) to (−1, 0) : − 3 1 From (−1, 0) to (1, 0) : 3 ) 9. Which fields in the following are conservative, and which are not? (a) F = yzi + xzj + xyk (b) F = (y sin z)i + ( x sin z)j + ( xy cos z)k (c) F = (e x cos y)i − (e x sin y)j + zk (ANS:(a) Conservative, (b) Conservative, (c) Conservative.) 10. Find a potential function f for the following fields. (a) F = 2xi + 3yj + 4zk. (b) F = (2xy − z2 )i + ( x2 + 2yz)j + (y2 − 2zx )k 3y2 (ANS:(a) f ( x, y, z) = x2 + + 2z2 + C 2 (b) f ( x, y, z) = (y + z) x + zy + C ) 11. Show that the differential forms in the integrals are exact. Then evaluate the integrals. (a) (b) Z (2,3,−6) (0,0,0) Z (1,2,3) (0,0,0) 2x dx + 2y dy + 2z dz 2xy dx + ( x2 − z2 ) dy − 2yz dz (ANS:( a)49, (b) − 16) 2 x 12. Find a potential function for F = (e x ln y)i + ( ey + sin z)j + (y cos z)k (ANS:F = ∇(e x ln y + y sin z)) 13. (a) How are the constants a, b, and c related if the following differential form is exact? ( ay2 + 2czx ) dx + y(bx + cz) dy + ( ay2 + cx2 ) dz (b) For what values of b and c will F = (y2 + 2czx )i + y(bx + cz)j + (y2 + cx2 )k be a gradient field? (ANS:( a) b = 2a and c = 2a (b) b = 2 and c = 2) 14. Evaluate Z F · dr, where F = ( x2 + y2 )i − 2xyj and the curve C is the rectangle in the C xy-plane bounded by y = 0, x = a, y = b, x = 0. (ANS:−2ab2 ) 15. Find the work done when a force F = ( x2 − y2 + x )i − (2xy + y)j moves a particle in the xy plane from (0, 0) to (1, 1) along the parabola y2 = x. 2 (ANS:− ) 3 16. Evaluate Z F · dr, where F = xyi + ( x2 + y2 )j and the curve C is the arc of y = x2 − 4 C from (2, 0) to (4, 12) in the xy-plane. (ANS:732) 17. If F = yzi + zxj − xyk find to Q(2, 4, 8). (ANS:0) 18. Prove that Z C F · dr = − Z C Z −C F · dr, where C is given by x = t, y = t2 , z = t3 from P(0, 0, 0) F · dr. 3