# 14
What did each action
Date
cause to happen ?
Name
4 pts.
each
CHAPTER
GUIDED READING
The Mughal Empire
in India
Section 3
A. Predicting Outcomes As you read about the Mughal Empire, make notes
chart to describe the outcome of each action listed.
1.
in the
Babur leads troops to victories over an
army led by the sultan of Delhi and the
Rajput army.
2.
Akbar governs through a bureaucracy
of officials in which natives and foreigners, both Hindus and Muslims, can rise
to high office.
3.
Akbar prohibits inheritance
of land
granted to bureaucrats.
4.
Akbar appoints rajputs as officers
in
Mughal army.
5.
Akbar practices
6.
The Sikhs defend Khusrau
lion
7.
in his rebel-
against his father, Jahangir.
Shah Jahan orders the
Taj
8.
cultural blending.
building of the
Mahal.
Aurangzeb strictly enforces Islamic
laws and reinstates tax on nonMuslims.
o
O
9.
Aurangzeb
dies.
B. Recognizing
Main
Ideas
On the back of this paper, identify the Mughals
and
describe their cultural legacy.
What do we have today that the Mughals created? The Muslim World Expands 47
Name
Date
The Mughal Empire in India
RETEACHING ACTIVITY
Section 3
Determining Main Ideas Choose the word that most accurately completes each
sentence below. Write that word in the blank provided.
Akbar
Babur
rajputs
Sikhs
1.
A Mughal leader named
of his empire
2.
Mughals
Mahal
as his
,
or "Greatest One," saw the military power
source of strength.
The memorial built by Shah Jahan to memorialize
is
Aurangzeb
Shah Jahan
Taj
his wife
Mumtaz Mahal
called the
3.
,
which means "Mongols," were descendants of Muslim Turks
and Afghans.
4.
An
II-year-old
for the
5.
The
invaded India and laid the groundwork
boy named
Mughal Empire.
leaders of small
kingdoms
in northwestern India
were
called
or "sons of kings."
6.
A leader called
7.
The
secured his position as ruler by assassinating
was a nonviolent
religious
group
all
opposition.
who became the focus of the
Mughals' hatred for defending Jahangir's son Khusrau.
2
was the
8.
third son of Shah Jahan,
and gained power after a civil war
which he executed his older brother and imprisoned his own
in
father.
o
64 UNIT 4, CHAPTER
18
Name
0
Date
Akbar
PRIMARY SOURCE
CHAPTER
18
by Father Monserrate
who ruled the Mughal Empire for nearly 50 years, was remarkable for his
attempts to promote religious tolerance. By demonstrating acceptance of many
religions, he hoped to establish peace between his Muslim and Hindu subjects.
Father Antonio Monserrate, a Catholic missionary from Portugal, visited Akbar's
court for a few years. Think about Father Monserrate's impressions of Akbar as
you read his firsthand account.
Akbar,
Section 3
his Prince [Akbar]
is
of a stature and of a type
of countenance well-fitted to his royal dignity,
so that
one could
glance, that he
is
even at the first
has broad shoulders,
easily recognise,
the King.
He
favourable opportunities for carrying out his
designs. Yet
mind
all
these fine qualities both of body and
lose the greater part of their splendour
because the lustre of the True Faith
is
lacking..
somewhat bandy legs well-suited fbr horsemanship,
and a light-brown complexion. He carries his head
He is a great patron of learning, and always
keeps around him erudite men, who are directed to
bent towards the right shoulder. His forehead
him philosophy, theology, and reliand to recount to him the history of great
kings and glofious deeds of the past. He has an
excellent judgment and a good memory, and has
attained to a considerable knowledge of many subjects by means of constant and patient listening to
such discussions. Thus he ... makes up for his
ignorance of letters (for he is entirely unable either
discuss before
is
broad and open, his eyes so bright and flashing that
they seem like a sea shimmering in the sunlight
Contrary to the custom of his race he does not cut
his hair;
nor does he wear a hat, but a turban, into
which he gathers up
his hair.
He does this,
as a concession to Indian usages,
Indian subjects.
He limps
they
and to please
in his left leg,
say,
his
though
indeed he has never received any injury there. His
body is exceedingly well-built and
is
neither too
thin nor too stout. He is sturdy, hearty and robust.
When he laughs, his face becomes almost distorted.
His expression
also of dignity,
majesty....
It
is
tranquil, serene
and open,
full
and when he is angry, of awful
is hard to exaggerate how accessible
he makes himself to
all
who wish audience
of him.
For he creates an opportunity almost every day for
any of the common people or of the nobles to see
him and converse with him; and he endeavours to
show himself pleasant-spoken and
him.
It is
very
affable rather
who conie to speak with
remarkable how great an effect this
than severe toward
all
gion,
to read or wHte)..
Ile can give his opinion on
any question so shrewdly and keenly, that no one
who did not know that he is illiterate would suppose
him
Banjerjce, translated by J.S.
minds of his
subjects.
For
Reprinted
in spite also
lims] regard such
offence, ...
ed.
He has
According to Father Monserrate, what did Akbar
How did Akbar treat his subjects when they
came
3.
foresight both in avoiding dangers
O
54 UNIT 4, CHAPTER
18
and
to his court?
Distinguishing Fact from Nonfact Do you
feel that Father Monserrate wrote about Akbar
an attitude as an unforgivable
Akbar ... has not yet been
1988), 64—65.
look like?
Muhammad,
an acute insight, and shows
(New York: Hatper Collins,
Recognizing Facts and Details
reli-
of the fact that Musalmans [mus-
Peter N. Stearns, ed., Documents in World
II
Discussion Questions
2.
and
in
History, Vol.
in spite of his very het-
gion] attitude towards the religion of
Hoyland (London: Oxford
University Press, 1922), 196-202, 207, 213-14, 219.
him the
erodox [against accepted beliefs of a particular
be anything but very learned and erudite....
from Father Monserrate, S.J., Conunentary on his Journey
to the Coun of Akbar from 1580 to 1583, edited by S.N.
1.
courtesy and affability has in attaching to
to
in
an objective manner? Give examples from the
assassinat-
much wise
in seizing
passage to support your answer.
Don't
forget
examples !
o
Name
Date
Shah Jahan
HISTORYMAKERS
Legacy of Beauty
came down from the balcony, beneath which a large number of trays
containing offerings were spread out. From these trays the emperor picked out
various articles of gold and silver and sprinkled them with his own hands over
the auspicious head of [Shah Jahanl. "—court historian, describing the occasion
when Shah Jahan received his honorary name
Section 3
[Jahangir]
Jahan adored jewels, buildings, and his secleft a rich legacy of beautifill art.
ond wife. He
all
Shah Jahan worked
matters,
and was an important
after.
this
as Prince
in
1592 in Lahore,
his father
fail.
Khurram, though, won
and Shah Jahan went
adviser. In 1631,
his father's
children
she died,
During
into severe mourning.
time his hair turned white, and he vowed to
renounce worldly pleasures.
India, Shah Jahan was the son of Emperor Jahangir.
At 15, Khurram saw his brother's rebellion against
closely with
Mumtaz Mahal. She bore him 14
However, these indulgences hid many severe problems of the Mughal Empire during his reign and
Born
He
to build her a magnificent tomb.
Taj Mahal, one of the
world.
The tomb
is
decided, instead,
The result was the
most famous buildings
in the
decorated with words from the
Qur'an, with letters sized according to their dis-
favor by defeating several neighboring powers.
After one such defeat, his father renamed him
tance from the ground. As a result, those letters 30
Shah Jahan, meaning "King of the World."
feet
poisoned the palace. The
empress Nur Jahan, who had at first supported
Shah Jahan, now turned to another of his brothers.
those only a foot above the
She had Shah Jahan sent on a military campaign,
hoping that she could reduce his influence at court.
Fort.
Political intrigue
O
In
his wife
However, Jahangir soon grew
sick
and was near
above surface
level
seem
to
floor.
be the same
Mosque and had workers construct an entire
new capital at Delhi, which held the famous Red
Pearl
The glittering jewels and spectacular buildings
drained the treasury, however. Another problem
and against
on
death. Hearing the news, Shah Jahan immediately
was constant warfare
removed one
Persia in the west. Rather than cutting back
brother.
threat to the throne by killing his
The armies of Nur Jahan and Shah Jahan
in the south
spending, Shah Jahan simply placed harsher taxes
then spent the next three years chasing each other
on the backs of the Indian people.
and
Shah Jahan became emperor. He was helped this
time by Nur Jahan's brother, who happened to be
same
Late in his rule, Shah Jahan was plagued by the
political infighting that he had seen in his
across India. Finally, in 1628 Jahangir died,
his
own
To
youth. His four sons each tried to secure for them-
Aurangzeb replayed
Shah Jahan's own successful rise to power. In 1658,
he defeated his other brothers and took the crown.
selves the right to rule. His son
father-in-law.
celebrate the event, Shah Jahan built a
mag-
Peacock Throne.
had four legs of gold and 12 pillars of emeralds
supporting an emerald canopy. On top of each pillar sat two peacocks and a tree covered with jewels.
Early in his rule, Shah Jahan expanded the
empire to the south. He also ordered that all Hindu
nificent throne of jewels called the
It
temples should be destroyed. Although three of his
grandparents had been Hindus and the majority of
His father, the once magnificent Shah Jahan, lived
the remaining eight years under comfortable house
arrest.
Questions
l.
Drawing Conclusions How were Shah
2.
Making Inferences Why do you
Islam. Ironically,
he
relied
on Hindu
advisers
He also ordered an
a Portuguese settlement near Calcutta
eral
attack
and had
o
Jahan's
Hinduism contradictory?
think Shah
Jahan had the Peacock Throne built? What puractions toward
the population was Hindu, he publicly supported
throughout his reign.
size as
He also built the
on
pose could
sev-
thousand Portuguese Christians put to death.
3.
it
2 Questions !
serve a ruler?
Recognizing Facts and Details What problems did Shah Jahan leave behind him?
Problems!
60 UNIT 4, CHAPTER
18