The Nervous System • This section covers: – The organization of the nervous system – The functions of the peripheral nervous system BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Organization of the Nervous System The Nervous System © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Spinal Cord The Nervous System © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Spinal Nerves and Reflexes The Nervous System © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Somatic Nervous System and the Cranial Nerves The Nervous System © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Autonomic Nervous System and Homeostasis The Nervous System © 2016 Cengage Learning. Neurons and Neurotransmission This section covers: The structures and functions of neurons How neurons communicate BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Structure and Function of Neurons • Neurons process and transmit information – Two types of branches extend from the cell body: axons and dendrites BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Glial Cells and the Blood-Brain Barrier BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Glia Form Myelin • The myelin sheath insulates axons and speeds electrical transmission along axons BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Axons Transmit Information BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Dendrites Receive Information BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Neural Communication: A Two-Step Process • Electrical signaling: action potential • Chemical signaling: neurotransmitters BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Generating an Action Potential BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Electrical Signaling: Propagating an Action Potential BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Chemical Signaling: Releasing Neurotransmitters BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Communicating Through the Synapse BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. SECTION: The Brain • This section covers: – The structures and functions of the brain – Methods for studying the brain BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Organization of the Central Nervous System BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Ventricles of the Brain BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Structures of the Brainstem BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Subcortical Structures and Their Functions: Thalamus – Basal Ganglia – Amygdala BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Subcortical Structures and Their Functions: Hypothalamus – Hippocampus BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Cerebral Hemispheres and the Corpus Callosum BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Hemispheric Specialization BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Four Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Sensory and Motor Functions in the Cerebral Cortex BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Brain Imaging MRI PET Can you identify any of these brain regions? The Structures and Functions of the Brain BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. Studying the Brain Technology Procedure What Questions Can We Answer? electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes (to track electrical activity) What is a person’s state of arousal? positron emission tomography (PET) radioactively tagged glucose or oxygen (to track chemical activity) What parts of the brain are active during a particular task? functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) magnets (to track the flow of oxygen) What parts of the brain are active during a particular task? BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Endocrine System • This section covers: – The endocrine glands – The functions of hormones BIOPSYCHOLOGY © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Endocrine Glands The Endocrine System © 2016 Cengage Learning. The Pituitary Gland The Endocrine System © 2016 Cengage Learning. Endorphins and Other Important Hormones Hormone Function Endorphins Endogenous morphines that modify our natural response to pain; act as neuromodulators Melatonin Released by the pineal gland in response to daily cycles of light and dark Epinephrine Adrenal hormone that tends to arouse the body; associated with fear Norepinephrine Neurotransmitter and adrenal hormone that tends to arouse the body; associated with anger Thyroid hormones Help regulate metabolism rate The Endocrine System © 2016 Cengage Learning.
