Joint & solidary obligations
Practical exercises
Law 101 –Obligations & Contracts
#1
Joint debtors
Single creditor
D-1
Php12,000 loan
How much is owed by
each of D-1, D-2, D-3?
Can C-1 demand PhP12k
from D-1?
C-1
D-2
D-3
#2
Single debtor
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
D-1: how many debts
are there?
How much and to whom
owed?
C-1
D-1
C-2
#3
Joint debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
D-1 has how many
obligations?
How much and to whom
owed?
How about each of D-2
and D-3?
D-1
D-1
C-1
D-2
C-2
D-3
#4
Joint debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
How much can C-1
demand from D-3?
How much can C-1 and
C-2 demand from D-3?
D-1
D-1
C-1
D-2
C-2
D-3
D-3
#5
Joint debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
Can C-2 demand PhP4k (total)
from D-1 and D2?
If no, how much can C-2
collect from D-1 and D-2?
Can C-2 demand PhP12k from
D-1?
D-1
C-1
12K?
4K?
C-2
D-2
#6
Joint debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
Can C-2 demand/collect
PhP12k from D-1 and D-2
and D-3?
D-1
D-1
C-1
C-2
D-2
D-3D-3
#7
Joint debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
From #4.
Upon demand of C-2, D-1
paid PhP12k to C-2.
• What next for D-1?
• What next for C-2?
D-1
D-1
C-1
12k
C-2
D-2
D-3
#8
Joint debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
D-3 is insolvent. Does that
insolvency • affect the liability/share of
D-1 and D-2 in the PhP12k
loan?
• affect the amount C-1 and
C-2 can collect?
D-1
D-1
C-1
D-2
C-2
D-3D-3
insolvent
#9
Joint debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
C-1 realizes that the loan is
about to prescribe, and sends
written demand to D-1 to
interrupt the running of the
prescriptive period.
Can D-2 and D-3 also claim
the benefit of prescription if
C-1 files a collection case
later?
D-1
D-1
C-1
D-2
C-2
D-3D-3
#10
Joint debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
D-1
D-1
C-2 forgives the share of D-2
knowing he lost his job. What
is the effect of that remission-
C-1
• on the share of D-1 and D3?
• on the amount C-1 can
collect from D-1 and D-3?
• on the amount C-2 can
collect from D-1 and D-3?
C-2
D-2
D-3D-3
forgiven/ waived
#11
Solidary debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
D-1:
• how many obligations?
• how much and to whom
owed?
How about each of D-2 and
D-3?
Solidary
Debtors
Joint
Creditors
D-2
D-1
C-1
D-2
D-3
C-2
#12
Solidary debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
How much can C-1 demand
from D-3?
How much can C-1 and
C-2 demand from D-3 alone?
Solidary
Debtors
Joint
Creditors
D-2
D-1
C-1
D-2
D-3
C-2
#13
Solidary debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
Can D-1 pay only to C-1?
Or should he pay both at
the same time?
Solidary
Debtors
D-2
D-1
Joint
Creditors
C-1
D-2
D-3
C-2
#14
Solidary debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
Upon demand of C-2, D-1
paid PhP12k to C-2.
What are the rights of
D-1 vs. D-2 & D-3?
Solidary
Debtors
Joint
Creditors
D-1
C-1
D-2
D-3
12K
C-2
#15
Solidary debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
Upon demand of C-2, D-1
paid PhP12k to C-2.
What are the rights or
obligations of C-2 vs. C-1?
Solidary
Debtors
Joint
Creditors
D-1
C-1
D-2
D-3
12K
C-2
#16
Solidary debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
Before D-1 can pay to
C-1, C-2 made a
demand on D-1.
To whom should D-1
pay?
Solidary
Debtors
D-1
Joint
Creditors
C-1
D-2
D-3
C-2
#17
Solidary debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
C-2 owes D-2 PhP4k and
agrees to set-off the same
against whatever D-2 owes
the creditors. What is the
effect of that set-off • on the total amount owing
to C-1 and C-2?
Solidary
Debtors
Joint
Creditors
D-1
C-1
D-2
D-3
Set-off
4k
C-2
#18
Solidary debtors
Joint creditors
Php12,000 loan
Following the PhP4k set-off
between C-2 and D-2, and the
full payment of the loan by
D-1:
What are the reimbursement
liabilities of D-2 and D-3 to
D-1?
Solidary
Debtors
Joint
Creditors
D-1
C-1
D-2
D-3
C-2
Set-off
4k
#19
Solidary debtors
Solidary creditors
Php12,000 loan
D-1:
• how many obligations?
• how much and to whom
owed?
Does the D-1 answer apply to
each of D-2 and D-3?
Solidary
Debtors
D-1
Solidary
Creditors
C-1
D-2
D-3
C-2
#20
Solidary debtors
Solidary creditors
Php12,000 loan
How much can C-2 demand
from D-2?
How much can C-1 and
C-2 demand from D-2 alone?
Solidary
Debtors
D-1
Solidary
Creditors
C-1
D-2
D-3
C-2
#21
Solidary debtors
Solidary creditors
Php12,000 loan
Can D-1 pay only to C-1, or he
should pay both at the same
time for the loan to be
considered fully paid?
What is the effect of D-1 paying
his “share” of PhP4k to C-1?
Of D-1 paying his “share” of
PhP4k, split between C-1 and C2 at PhP2k each?
Solidary
Debtors
D-1
Solidary
Creditors
C-1
D-2
D-3
C-2
#22
Solidary debtors
Solidary creditors
Php12,000 loan
Upon demand of C-2, D-1
paid PhP12k to C-2.
What are the rights of
D-1 vs. D-2 & D-3?
Solidary
Debtors
D-1
Solidary
Creditors
C-1
D-2
D-3
C-2
#23
Solidary debtors
Solidary creditors
Php12,000 loan
Upon demand of C-2, D-1
paid PhP12k to C-2.
What are the rights or
obligations of C-2 vs. C-1?
Solidary
Debtors
Solidary
Creditors
D-1
D-2
D-3
12k
C-1
C-2
#24
Solidary debtors
Solidary creditors
Php12,000 loan
Before D-1 can pay to C-1,
C-2 made a demand on D-1
for PhP12k.
To whom should D-1 pay?
Solidary
Debtors
D-1
Solidary
Creditors
C-1
D-2
D-3
C-2
#25
Solidary debtors
Solidary creditors
Php12,000 loan
C-2 has payables to D-2 in the
amount of PhP5k and agrees to
set-off the same against
whatever D-2 owes the creditors.
What is the effect of that set-off
on –
• the total amount owing to C-1
and C-2 – is there a reduction
of the original PhP12k?
• the individual shares of D-1, D2 and D-3 in the loan payable?
Solidary
Debtors
Solidary
Creditors
D-1
C-1
D-2
D-3
set off
5k
C-2
#26
Solidary debtors
Solidary creditors
Php12,000 loan
After the PhP5k set-off
between D-2 and C-2, D-2
single-handedly paid the
loan to C-1:
How much should each of • D-1
• D-3
reimburse D-2?
Solidary
Debtors
D-1
Solidary
Creditors
p
nt
e
m
ay
C-1
D-2
D-3
set off
5k
C-2
#27
Solidary debtors
Solidary creditors
Php12,000 loan
After the PhP5k set-off and
the full payment by D-2 to
C-1
how much should each of
C-1 and C-2 receive out of
such payment?
Solidary
Debtors
D-1
Solidary
Creditors
p
nt
e
m
ay
C-1
D-2
D-3
set off
5k
C-2
#28
Solidary debtors
Solidary creditors
Php12,000 loan
C-1 totally releases D-1
from his loan obligations.
How much is the loan
payable to the creditors?
Solidary
Debtors
Solidary
Creditors
D-1
C-1
D-2
D-3
set off
5k
C-2
#29
Solidary debtors
Solidary creditors
Php12,000 loan
How much should each of
C-1 and C-2 receive out of
such payment?
Solidary
Debtors
Solidary
Creditors
D-1
C-1
D-2
D-3
set off
5k
C-2