Chapter 1 Statistics, Data, and Statistical Thinking Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved 1.1 The Science of Statistics Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Definition 1- 3 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. 1.2 Types of Statistical Applications Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Definition 1- 5 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition 1- 6 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 1.1 MINITAB graph of the Best-selling Girl Scout Cookies 1- 7 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. 1.3 Fundamental Elements of Statistics Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Definition Examples: (1) An experimental unit may be an individual, (2) a car produced by an assembly line, (3) a sale made at the drive-in window at McDonald restaurant. 1- 9 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition Examples: 1) All registered voters in Nova Scotia 2) Everyone who is afflicted with COVID -19 3) All the cars produced by an assembly line last year 4) The set of all accidents on a particular highway during holiday period. 1 - 10 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition Any particular characteristic may vary among the units of population Age, height, student’s grade 1 - 11 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition 1 - 12 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Figure 1.2 A sample of voter registration cards for all registered voters 1 - 13 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition We use the sample information to make a decision about a population. 1 - 14 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition 1 - 15 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition 1 - 16 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition 1 - 17 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. 1.4 Types of Data Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Definition 1 - 19 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition 1 - 20 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. 1.5 Collecting Data: Sampling and Related Issues Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Published Source: A data set already collected by someone and has published in a book, journal, or newspaper. For example you may want to examine and summarize the divorce rate in Canada. Other examples of published data sources include The Wall Street Journal (financial data). The internet (World Wide Web) is another source of getting published data. 1 - 22 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition Researcher want to investigate the potential of aspirin in preventing heart attacks. Divide experimental units in tow groups. Treatment group receives aspirin. The control group receives Placebo. 1 - 23 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition Examples: (1) A zoologist may observe and measure the weight of a newborn chimpanzees born in captivity. (2) A child psychologist might observe and record the level of aggressive behavior of sixth grade students playing in the school playground. Organizations that conduct surveys (opinion polls) are Harris, Gallup, Roper, and CNN. 1 - 24 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition 1 - 25 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition 1 - 26 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition This kind of sample is not representative of the population. 1 - 27 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition Selecting a random sample of phone numbers or mailing addresses. Each person in the sample is contacted via telephone or the mail and a survey is conducted. Some individuals may not be home. Some may refuse to answer the questions or mail back the questionnaire 1 - 28 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. Definition 1 - 29 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved. 1.6 The Role of Statistics in Critical Thinking and Ethics Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Definition 1 - 31 Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.. All rights reserved.
