COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI)
Assignment-03
Pakistan Studies
Semester Project
On
Effects of Over Population in Pakistan
By
Ali Awan
SP21-BCS-056
Hasher Mehmood
SP21-BCS-064
Rabiya Ilyas
SP21-BCS-075
Maha Batool
SP21-BCS-090
Usama Ejaz
SP21-BCS-092
Maleeka Naqvi
SP21-BCS-106
BCS-4-B
Supervisor
Ma’am Sania Khalid
Submitted on
December 5th, 2022
Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (2021-2025)
Assignment # 03
Pakistan Studies
Semester Project
Table of content:
Contents
Introduction: ............................................................................................ 4
Overpopulation: ....................................................................................... 4
Effect of overpopulation on industrial sector of Pakistan .................. 5
Power industry:...................................................................................... 6
Water problems and shortage: ............................................................... 7
Overpopulation on food industry and Agriculture: ............................... 8
Dire Effects:........................................................................................... 9
Pollution: ............................................................................................... 9
Eutrophication: .................................................................................... 10
Positive aspects of overpopulation in Pakistan .................................. 10
Decline in death rate: ........................................................................... 10
Better medical facilities: ...................................................................... 11
Ending Poverty: ................................................................................... 11
Increase in laborer and defense: .......................................................... 12
Negative aspects of overpopulation in Pakistan ................................. 12
Unemployment: ................................................................................... 12
Increase food problems: ...................................................................... 13
Environmental change: ........................................................................ 13
Poverty:................................................................................................ 14
Recommendations ................................................................................. 14
Conclusions ............................................................................................ 15
References .............................................................................................. 15
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Abstract:
The purpose of this report is to investigate the effects of overpopulation in Pakistan on industrial
sector of Pakistan and describing its positive and negative aspects so that people can get awareness
about this serious issue. It effects mainly food, agriculture, and power industry. Moreover,
resources of many things which are necessities for survival such as water are also decreasing day
by day. Overpopulation results in many problems such as unemployment, poverty and food
shortage problems. To conclude we can say that overpopulation is a serious problem which needs
to control before time otherwise it will create many problems in the future because it disturbs our
industrial sector which is basic pillar for progress of our country so we need to tackle it by
spreading awareness among people so we can make our country more progressive in every field.
Effect of over population in Pakistan
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Introduction:
Pakistan is one of under developing countries in the world. It came into being on 14th August 1947.
Its population are increasing day-by-day since it came into being. In 2011 the population of
Pakistan was 176,745,364 and Pakistan rank according to population in the world was 6. But now
in 2020 it has increase to 219,942,372 and Pakistan rank according to the population is 5 and
according to survey if it keeps increasing at this alarming rate Pakistan will become 3 large country
in the world according to population by 2030 and whole country will suffer a lot due to this because
as population will increase there will be deficiency of many things which are important for the
survival of life such as food, water etc. Hence this increase will affects our country a lot. In this
project we will discuss in details that how the rapid increase in population of Pakistan effects our
country.
Overpopulation:
Overpopulation is the condition in which the number the number of human population exceeds in
any specific area where the number of available resources are lesser than humans living in that
specific area. It is the greatest worldwide emergency confronting mankind in the twenty-first
century. Overpopulation is the major worldwide issue in light of a few reasons. A large portion of
the issues we have today, for example, sea exhaustion, nourishment deficiencies, water
deficiencies, air contamination, water contamination, and global warming are some basic impacts
of overpopulation. Overpopulation causes because of multiple reasons such as low mortality rate,
better and advanced medical facilities, and healthy environment. However, this increase in
population more than available natural resources is very hazardous because it has many dangerous
and harmful impacts on many things. Overpopulation has also become serious issue in the world.
We will discuss the positive and negative aspects of it but our main focus will be on industrial
sector.
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Effect of overpopulation on industrial sector of Pakistan
Industrial sector deals with the different industries within the country. Industry in the country is
defined as the area or site of the economy which deals with the manufacturing of different products.
Industrial sector has a great importance for the economic development of a country. It is recorded
truth that nations with solid industrial part have indicated increasingly monetary development and
advancement mechanical division have shown improvement in national salary and advanced
expectation for everyday comforts of populace so in short, the industrial sector is very much
important in the progress of every country. If its system will disturb in the country, it has also
many harmful effects on the whole country. So here we will discuss one challenge that our
industrial sector is facing that is overpopulation i-e its positive and negative aspects on the
industrial sector and also how humans in Pakistan are suffering from it as following:
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Power industry:
As electricity is the basic need for all human beings nowadays. Electricity has imperative
significance in different fields of life like residential, business, modern and horticultural divisions.
It needs no clarification to specify that financial advancement is profoundly reliant on it. Power
foundation in Pakistan has gone through a few phases since its introduction to the world in 1947.
But with the increase in the population of Pakistan electricity consumption also increases because
people used it in different ways. In Pakistan electricity is produced in different ways like 14% from
furnace oil, 31% from natural gas, 16% from coal 4% from nuclear resources and 5% from
renewable resources like solar and wind. So natural resources for producing electricity in Pakistan
are limited. To fulfill the needs of large population which are done with the help of electricity these
resources are consumed at higher rate. If the population of Pakistan will grow higher and higher
with respect to time then it will cause the deficiency of these natural resources in the future and
because of it the production of electricity also decreases which is alarming for humans and also
for industries because electricity played a vital role in different industries. Electricity industries
around the world are experiencing quick and across the board change from drivers including
developing worldwide vitality security and environmental change pressures. Accordingly,
numerous nations have executed inexhaustible approach bolster gauges that both lessen discharges
and petroleum product reliance. So in Pakistan the electricity is basic need and overpopulation
results in less production of electricity from which many things will become hurdle in the progress
of Pakistan. Load shading is the big example we can get from it With the load shedding of 16
to 18 hours, summers became worst for people. Similarly, winters have also not been luxurious
as 8 to 10 hours of load shedding is seen. In this research the focused area is Pakistan. The purpose
of study is to understand how residential energy consumption affected economic growth in the
region. The rapid increase in electricity consumption is one of the most alarming factors in current
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urban societies. For this purpose regression model is used to know about population growth and
increasing electricity consumption in Pakistan.
Water problems and shortage:
Water is integral part and basic necessity of human life. Without it human life can’t survive at all.
All the things which are related to human life e.g. clothing, food, environment involves water. One
of the results of overpopulation is the weight that is put on accessible water assets so as to serve a
developing populace. Roughly 50% of the universes' populace will be living in locales around the
world that are considered "water focused on", a term characterized as when the interest for water
surpasses the sum that is accessible, either because of absence of it, or low quality, continuously
2030. Since 1990, the worldwide populace expanded by a normal of eighty million individuals,
which uplifts the world interest for freshwater by around sixty four billion cubic meters of water
every year (United Nations World Report). This inexorably popularity for water will likewise
influence nourishment creation in water focused on zones such as Pakistan. So when the population
in Pakistan increases water is also used to meet the demands of huge population because in almost
every industry in Pakistan water plays a vital role such as electricity is produced through water,
food which is essential for life if the crops didn’t get enough water they all will reap out. To meet
the demands of huge population clean water resources aren’t enough so it must be controlled
because according to some survey Pakistan will face shortage of water by 2025 so we must do
precautionary measures to save it and spread awareness about water pollution because our large
area of industry rely on it. In coming years if we’ll face water shortage then it’ll be big hurdle in
progress of Pakistan. if current water resources are not properly regulated, an eventual increase in
world population will become problematic for many regions and countries. Overpopulation will
strain current water resources to their limits, cause an increase in water pollution, and lead to an
increase in civil and international conflicts over existing water supplies.
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Overpopulation on food industry and Agriculture:
We all know that all human beings need food for their survival. There are many industries of food
in Pakistan such as sugar, rice, cooking oil, meat etc. Different industries are working in Pakistan
to meet the increasing food demands of huge population. Keeping the fact in mind that seeds and
other crops are not enough to meet the increasing demands of people in the country so they are
decreasing with respect to time. The current human population of in excess of seven billion is
approaching weight on the limit of horticulture to satisfy the nourishment prerequisites without
trading off the regular assets for their capacity to sustain people in the future. Increase in urban
population is expected by the year 2025 would cause a pressure on agriculture due to mass
transition from producer to consumer category, thus loss of agricultural workforce and production.
It may have severe consequences as the present overpopulated world is already facing twin
challenges of food security and environmental degradation. When there will be more people living
in the country food resources will become less which causes hunger and famine in the country.
Farmers in Pakistan are not economically and financially strong enough to provide sufficient
provisions for the people. Since nearly 70 percent population belongs to rural areas, lands are
divided generation by generation which results increase in farmers with small lands. They are
unable to get credits for seeds, chemicals or machinery for crops production in effective manners.
Most of the farmers are barely earning their daily bread. Poor rural economies play vital role in
inadequate provisions. Agriculture is the pillar of Pakistan's economy. The arable land and
practically all harvests in Pakistan depend on water system. Supplies of both arable land and new
water are probably not going to build, raising doubt about Pakistan's capacity to take care of itself.
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Population pressures are undermining arable land, timberlands and water re-sources. The size of
arable land property has de-wrinkled because of population development, insufficient arable land
changes and legacy designs. Prior to the center of this century, Pakistan is anticipated to confront
a shortage of arable land with even less arable land accessible per individual than in China.
Restricted reestablish capable new water supplies might be the greatest deterrent to expanding
Pakistan's food supply.
Dire Effects:
Pollution:
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There is not any effective system to control the pollution. Capitalists install industries with billion
dollars of resources but do not install treatment plants of million rupees. The rapid growth of
population creates pollution, unplanned colonies and environment problems. Industry and
population make pollution.
Eutrophication:
Eutrophication causes the thick development of vegetation that devours oxygen, bringing about
the passing of oceanic creatures. Other significant wellsprings of eutrophication are industry and
sewage removal - both identified with populace development. The expense of interceding
eutrophication in the U.S., in 2013, was assessed at over $2.2 billion yearly. Late research calls
attention to that there are other significant effects other than nourishment creation, for example,
apparel and fabricated great creation. Cotton or material creation, for instance, can include direct
horticultural effects related with developing yields. The utilization of non-renewable energy source
for electrical creation to control production lines likewise makes NOx outflows, which can
eventually be consumed by seas to expand their supplement load.
Positive aspects of overpopulation in Pakistan
Decline in death rate:
At the base of overpopulation is the contrast between the general birth rate and death rate in
populaces. If the quantity of kids brought into the world every year approaches the quantity of
grown-ups that kick the bucket, at that point the populace will settle. While there are numerous
variables that can expand the death rate for brief timeframes, the ones that expansion the birth rate
do as such over a significant stretch of time. The revelation of farming was one factor that gave
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the capacity to support sustenance without chasing. That made the primary awkwardness among
birth and death rates.
Better medical facilities:
At that point came the Industrial Revolution. Innovative headway is maybe the most compelling
motivation why the parity has been for all time upset. Science had the option to create better
methods for delivering nourishment, which permitted families to take care of more mouths.
Clinical science made numerous revelations, on account of which they had the option to crush an
entire scope of infections. Ailments that had guaranteed a huge number of lives were relieved in
view of the innovation of immunizations. Joining the expansion in nourishment supply with less
methods for mortality influenced the situation and turned into the beginning stage of
overpopulation.
Ending Poverty:
When discussing overpopulation, we ought to comprehend that there is a mental segment also. For
many years, an exceptionally little piece of the population had enough cash to live in comfort. The
rest confronted neediness and brought forth huge families to compensate for the high newborn
child death rate. Families that have experienced destitution, cataclysmic events or are essentially
needing more hands to work are a central point for overpopulation. When contrasted with before
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times, a large portion of these additional kids endure and expend assets that are not adequate in
nature.
Increase in laborer and defense:
When there will be more people in the country it will result in increase in laborer and defense.
When there will be more labors in the country then many progress in the country as well as in
industrial sector could be done in very short period of time. Increasing population ensures increase
in the labor force. Lack of growth in the labor force will make a country static, retarded and gets
to equilibrium at less than full employment level of the economy. Large Population makes it
possible to mobilize enough people to defend the integrity of the country in times of war and any
other emergencies.
Negative aspects of overpopulation in Pakistan
Unemployment:
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A quick increase in population implies an enormous number of people going to the work showcase
for whom it may not be conceivable to give business. Truth be told, in immature nations, the
quantity of occupation searchers is growing so quick that in spite of all endeavors towards arranged
advancement, it has not been conceivable to give work to all. Unemployment, underemployment,
and camouflaged business are basic highlights in these nations. The quickly rising population
makes it practically inconceivable for monetarily in reverse nations to take care of their concern
of unemployment.
Increase food problems:
Overpopulation implies more mouths to take care of which makes pressure upon accessible supply
of food. This is the explanation, the immature nations with fast developing population are
commonly confronted with an issue of food lack. In spite of every one of their endeavors for raising
farming creation, they can't take care of their developing population. Food shortage impacts
monetary improvement in two regards. Right off the bat, insufficient stockpile of food prompts
undernourishment of the individuals which brings down their profitability. It further lessens the
creation limit of the laborers, Secondly, the lack of food propels to import food grains which puts
as pointlessly strain on their outside trade assets.
Environmental change:
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Overpopulation causes the environmental change. Fast population development has expanded the
positions of jobless people at a disturbing rate. Because of this, countless individuals are being
pushed in environmentally touchy zones, for example, slope sides and tropical backwoods. It
prompts the cutting of backwoods for development prompting a few environmental changes. Other
than this, the expanding population development prompts the movement of enormous number to
urban zones with industrialization. This outcomes in contaminated air, water, commotion and
population in enormous urban areas and towns.
Poverty:
Quick development of population is to a great extent answerable for the propagation of infinite
poverty in Pakistan. By virtue of quick development of population individuals are required to
spend a significant piece of their pay on raising their kids. In this way investment funds and pace
of capital development stay low, decrease in per capita pay, ascend by and large value level
prompting sharp ascent in typical cost for basic items. No improvement in farming and mechanical
innovation, deficiency of fundamental items, low expectation for everyday life, mass joblessness
and so on. Accordingly, the whole economy of an immature nation is encompassed by the endless
loop of poverty.
Recommendations
So, considering the above facts we come to know that overpopulation is a serious issue because it
has many negative effects on our country which is a big hurdle in its progress. We can stop it by
spreading its awareness in people of our country by describing its different negative impacts in our
country so they can overcome it by better family planning. This is the only solution by which we
can overcome this serious issue and let our industries to produce enough resources for the future
generations. Education is key, also in the context to mitigate the overpopulation problem. As we
have seen earlier, poor people are likely to have more children than rich people. This is due to the
fact that poor people usually do not have pension schemes and thus depend on their children to
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provide for them when they are old. Thus, education can help people to get out of poverty and thus
it can indirectly contribute to a reduction in population growth.
Conclusions
To conclude we can say that overpopulation is a serious issue which would create serious problems
in our country so we must need to overcome the increasing population. Industrial sector is the
important pillar of Pakistan, and it is highly disturbed by overpopulation because there is large
consumption of basic things which different industries needs in the manufacturing of different
products like electricity and water. It has also great impact on food and agriculture industry because
there are very less food sources according to huge population of our country. Despite of some
negative facts it has also some positive aspects in our country like better medical facilities, ending
poverty as many people help each other in this way. The few negative aspects in Pakistan are
unemployment as it is impossible to give job to so many people for the limited posts and it causes
many food problems which results in hunger, drought and eventually death. So, considering these
facts we can say that overpopulation is a serious issue which needs to be tackle before time
otherwise it would be too late to meet the demands of millions of people living in the world.
References
• https://selfhelparchive.com/positive-and-negative-effects-of-overpopulation/
• https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Effects-of-Overpopulation-andIndustrialization-on-the-FKCXEM6ZTJ
• https://www.globalvillagespace.com/pakistan-populationexplosion-know-when-its-time-to-stop/
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247869891_Population_
Growth_and_Economic_Development_in_Pakistan
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