Uploaded by Personal Mail

Motion-Detector-Alarm-Circuit-Report

advertisement
1
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) <
American International University- Bangladesh (AIUB)
Faculty of Engineering (FE)
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE)
Course Name:
Digital Logic and Circuits Lab
Course Code: EEE 3102
Semester:
Spring 2022-2023
Section:
Faculty Name:
DR. TANBIR IBNE ANOWAR
Capstone Project
Secure Your Home with the Motion Detector Alarm Circuit
Title:
Project Group #: 06
SL
Student Name
Student ID #
1.
Akid Mahmud
22-46211-1
2.
Tahsin Hasib
22-46026-1
3.
Sudeep Mondal Deep
22-46201-1
4.
Mehedi Hassan
22-46223-1
5.
Shafi Bin Mahmud
22-45994-1
Assessment Materials and Marks Allocation:
COs
CO2
COs
Assessment Materials
Course Project Report (Analyze a combinational/sequential logic circuit
through appropriate survey of research literature to provide valid conclusion
acknowledging the limitations.)
Excellent to
Proficient
[18-20]
The outcome of the
project demonstrates a
course project using
logic ICs, transistors,
switches, display
devices, etc. that can
CO2
solve a complex
P.d.2.C4
engineering problem
in the electrical and
electronic engineering
discipline through
appropriate research.
Comments
Good
[15-17]
Acceptable
[10-14]
The outcome of the
project somewhat
demonstrates a course
project using logic ICs,
transistors, switches,
display devices, etc.,
and also somewhat
solves a complex
engineering problem in
the electrical and
electronic engineering
discipline through some
research.
The outcome of the
project demonstrates a
course project using
logic ICs, transistors,
switches, display
devices, etc. but cannot
solve a complex
engineering problem
properly in the electrical
and electronic
engineering discipline
through appropriate
research.
Unacceptable
[1-9]
POIs
Marks
P.d.2.C4
20
No Response Secured
[0]
Marks
The outcome of the
project does not
demonstrate a course
project using logic ICs,
transistors, switches,
display devices, etc. also
No Response
could not solve a
at all
complex engineering
problem in the electrical
and electronic
engineering discipline
through appropriate
research.
Total Marks
(20)
2
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) <
Preparation of Articles for IEEE TRANSACTIONS and
JOURNALS (2022)
First A. Author, Fellow, IEEE, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author Jr., Member, IEEE

Abstract—This paper presents the design and implementation
of a motion detector alarm circuit. The circuit uses a passive
infrared (PIR) sensor to detect motion within its field of view and
triggers an alarm to alert the user. The circuit is powered by a 9V
battery and is designed to be low-cost and easy to build. The
hardware consists of a PIR sensor, resistor, transistor, and a
speaker. Security systems, home automation, and other relevant
sectors may use this kind of motion detector alarm circuit.
Index Terms— Alarm systems, Circuit design, Home automation,
Infrared sensors, Motion detection, Passive sensors, Security of
data, Sensors, Transistors
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background study and Motivation
Home security is a critical concern for homeowners and
renters alike, with burglary and break-ins being a prevalent
threat. According to recent statistics, every 10 hours, a burglary
occurs in Bangladesh, resulting in an estimated $1 million in
property losses annually. These incidents not only lead to
financial losses but also pose a risk of injury or even fatalities.
The emotional impact of home invasions can be profound, with
victims experiencing a range of negative emotions such as fear,
anxiety, and depression. In response, many homeowners turn to
home security systems to protect their homes and loved ones.
This paper seeks to research the current state of home security
systems, from traditional alarm systems to DIY solutions,
exploring their effectiveness, costs, and complexities. We will
also investigate common concerns and misconceptions about
home security systems to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the available options for home protection. The
goal of this initiative is to increase public awareness of the value
of reliable home security systems and the potential dangers of
doing without having security. Also offering a cost-effective
and convenient alternative for homeowners who might be
hesitant to make the investment in a pricier security system.
Besides, explaining the importance of incorporating such a
security system as a part of a comprehensive security plan as
well as showcasing the potential future scope of the technology,
such as incorporating wireless connectivity, integrating with
other security systems, using machine learning and AI, and
improving energy efficiency. It will also cover the common
concerns of people regarding the circuit and its effectiveness,
range, and battery life also recommendation on usage.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
"Design of a Motion Detector Alarm System Based on
Raspberry Pi" by Xingyu Zhou and others, published in the
2018 International Conference on Computer and Information
Sciences. The paper describes the design and implementation
of a motion detector alarm system based on the Raspberry Pi
platform, including the circuit diagram and the programming
details.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337788545_Design_
and_Implementation_of_Shipping_Video_Surveillance_Equip
ment_Based_on_Raspberry_Pi
"An IoT-Based Motion Detector Alarm System Using
Machine Learning for Smart Home Security" by Wasiur
Rahman and others, published in the 2020 International
Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication
Engineering.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341323326_A_Smar
t_IoT_Security_System_for_SmartHome_Using_Motion_Detection_and_Facial_Recognition
“Design and Application of a Smart Home System Based on
Internet of Things” Received: May., 01. 2021 Revised: July.,
03.
2021
Accepted:
July,
11.
2021
https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1745164
“Motion Detection Security Alarm Using Arduino” Posted:
13
Oct
2021
Last
revised:
3
Nov
2021
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3918345
II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES
This project will demonstrate how the circuit can be easily
built and installed, providing a DIY solution for home security.
“Design of Home Intelligent Alarm System” Published :
October
2019
2
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) <
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336788557_Design_
of_Home_Intelligent_Alarm_System_Abstract
IV. METHODOLOGY AND MODELING
A. Introduction
A motion detector alarm circuit is an electronic device that
detects motion and triggers an alarm or alert. It is commonly
used in security systems to detect intruders but can also be used
in other applications such as automatic lighting, energy
conservation, and automation. It consists of a PIR sensor,
resistor, diode, and speaker.
C. Description of components
These are the components that was required to create the
project “Motion detector alarm circuit.”
Fig : Motion detector alarm circuit
B. Working principle
When motion is detected by the PIR motion sensor, it sends
a signal to the base pin of the transistor, which allows current
to flow through the collector and emitter pins of the transistor.
This current activates the speaker, which indicates that motion
has been detected. The diode in reverse bias protects the
circuit from damage caused by reverse voltage, which can
occur if the power source is connected incorrectly. The BC547
transistor is used in this project to amplify the signal from the
motion sensor and to switch on and off the speaker based on
the detection of motion. The 1KΩ resistor connected to the
base pin of the transistor ensures that the voltage to the base
remains within safe limits, preventing damage to the
transistor. The diode in reverse bias protects the circuit from
damage caused by reverse voltage. This simple project
demonstrates the use of the BC547 transistor and diode in
motion sensing applications.
C. Experimental Setup
We connected the PIR motion sensor module to the
breadboard and the positive (+) and negative (-) pins to a
power source. After that, we connected the signal pin of the
PIR motion sensor module to the base pin of the BC547
transistor. Then a 1KΩ resistor was connected from the base
pin of the transistor to the ground (GND) pin of the
breadboard. The collector pin of the transistor was connected
to the positive (+) terminal of a speaker and the negative (-)
terminal of the speaker to the ground (GND) pin of the
breadboard. Lastly, we connected a diode (1N4007) in reverse
bias between the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals of the
power source.
3
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) <
B. Experimental Results
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Simulation
The circuit was constructed and was simulated using Tinker
cad, a circuit simulating software.
PIR model output when a subject of width 0.5 m, at a distance
of 7 m from the PIR sensor, moves at 0.277 m/s.
Fig: Motion detector alarm circuit
C. Comparison between Simulated and Experimental data
4
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) <
Peak-to-peak sensor output voltage as a function of the
distance d with the subject moving transversely to the sensor
at a speed of 0.277 m/s.
Limited Detection Angle: PIR sensors also have a limited
detection angle, typically around 120 degrees. This means that
they can only detect motion within a specific area and may not
be able to detect motion in areas outside their field of view.
False Alarms: PIR sensors can be triggered by sudden
changes in temperature or light, such as the sun suddenly
shining on the sensor or a heater turning on nearby. This can
lead to false alarms, which can be annoying and potentially
dangerous if they cause people to ignore genuine alarms.
Power Consumption: PIR sensors and buzzers can consume
a significant amount of power, which the battery quickly. It
might need to be replaced or recharged often.
Peak-to-peak sensor output voltage with the subject moving
through the FoV at different speeds.
Limited Functionality: The motion detector alarm circuit is a
simple design that can only detect motion and sound an alarm.
J. Referencing a Figure or Table Within Your Article
When referencing your figures and tables within your article,
use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence.
Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables should be numbered with
Roman numerals.
D. Cost Analysis
To perform a cost analysis of a simple motion detecting alarm
circuit, we need to consider the cost of the components in BDT.
1. Motion sensor: The cost of a basic PIR motion sensor
can be around 170 BDT to 250 BDT.
2. Alarm: A basic piezoelectric buzzer can cost around 40
BDT to 80 BDT.
3. Power supply: A 9V battery can be used for this purpose,
which can cost around 150 BDT to 250 BDT.
4. Other components: The cost of other components such
as resistors, capacitors, and other parts can range from a
few BDT to a few hundred BDT depending on the
specific circuit design.
Based on the above components, the total cost of a simple
motion detecting alarm circuit can be estimated to be between 500
BDT to 750 BDT. However, the actual cost may vary depending
on the specific components used, the quantity purchased, and the
location where the components are purchased.
E. Limitations in the project
Limited Detection Range: PIR sensors are designed to
detect infrared radiation emitted by moving objects within a
limited range. The detection range of a PIR sensor is typically
around 5-10 meters, depending on the sensor's specifications.
If an object moves beyond the sensor's range, it will not be
detected.
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENDEAVOURS
In conclusion, the Motion Detector Alarm Circuit is a simple
yet effective electronic security system that uses a motion
sensor to detect motion and trigger an alarm to alert the user of
potential intruders. The circuit includes components such as a
power supply, motion sensor, amplifier, timer, speaker, and
reset switch. The motion detector alarm circuit is easy to build
and install, making it a popular choice for home security
systems. It can detect motion in its range and produce a loud
alarm sound to alert the user. The circuit can be reset using the
reset switch once the alarm has been triggered.
The future scope of the Motion Detector Alarm Circuit
includes incorporating wireless connectivity, integrating with
other security systems, using machine learning and AI, and
improving energy efficiency. These advancements could
greatly enhance the effectiveness and convenience of the
system, making it an even more valuable tool for ensuring the
safety and security of homes and other premises.
Overall, the Motion Detector Alarm Circuit is a useful and
effective security system that can help deter potential intruders
and provide peace of mind for users..
5
> REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) <
REFERENCES
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/PIR-model-output-whena-subject-of-width-05-m-at-a-distance-of-7-m-from-the-PIRsensor_fig4_325279130
https://www.electronicshub.org/pir-motion-detector-circuit/
https://www.elprocus.com/how-to-make-a-simple-motion-detector-alarmcircuit-at-home/
https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/motion-detector-alarm-circuit/
https://www.homemade-circuits.com/motion-sensor-alarm-light-circuit/
Download