1 > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < American International University- Bangladesh (AIUB) Faculty of Engineering (FE) Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (EEE) Course Name: Digital Logic and Circuits Lab Course Code: EEE 3102 Semester: Spring 2022-2023 Section: Faculty Name: DR. TANBIR IBNE ANOWAR Capstone Project Secure Your Home with the Motion Detector Alarm Circuit Title: Project Group #: 06 SL Student Name Student ID # 1. Akid Mahmud 22-46211-1 2. Tahsin Hasib 22-46026-1 3. Sudeep Mondal Deep 22-46201-1 4. Mehedi Hassan 22-46223-1 5. Shafi Bin Mahmud 22-45994-1 Assessment Materials and Marks Allocation: COs CO2 COs Assessment Materials Course Project Report (Analyze a combinational/sequential logic circuit through appropriate survey of research literature to provide valid conclusion acknowledging the limitations.) Excellent to Proficient [18-20] The outcome of the project demonstrates a course project using logic ICs, transistors, switches, display devices, etc. that can CO2 solve a complex P.d.2.C4 engineering problem in the electrical and electronic engineering discipline through appropriate research. Comments Good [15-17] Acceptable [10-14] The outcome of the project somewhat demonstrates a course project using logic ICs, transistors, switches, display devices, etc., and also somewhat solves a complex engineering problem in the electrical and electronic engineering discipline through some research. The outcome of the project demonstrates a course project using logic ICs, transistors, switches, display devices, etc. but cannot solve a complex engineering problem properly in the electrical and electronic engineering discipline through appropriate research. Unacceptable [1-9] POIs Marks P.d.2.C4 20 No Response Secured [0] Marks The outcome of the project does not demonstrate a course project using logic ICs, transistors, switches, display devices, etc. also No Response could not solve a at all complex engineering problem in the electrical and electronic engineering discipline through appropriate research. Total Marks (20) 2 > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < Preparation of Articles for IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS (2022) First A. Author, Fellow, IEEE, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author Jr., Member, IEEE Abstract—This paper presents the design and implementation of a motion detector alarm circuit. The circuit uses a passive infrared (PIR) sensor to detect motion within its field of view and triggers an alarm to alert the user. The circuit is powered by a 9V battery and is designed to be low-cost and easy to build. The hardware consists of a PIR sensor, resistor, transistor, and a speaker. Security systems, home automation, and other relevant sectors may use this kind of motion detector alarm circuit. Index Terms— Alarm systems, Circuit design, Home automation, Infrared sensors, Motion detection, Passive sensors, Security of data, Sensors, Transistors I. INTRODUCTION A. Background study and Motivation Home security is a critical concern for homeowners and renters alike, with burglary and break-ins being a prevalent threat. According to recent statistics, every 10 hours, a burglary occurs in Bangladesh, resulting in an estimated $1 million in property losses annually. These incidents not only lead to financial losses but also pose a risk of injury or even fatalities. The emotional impact of home invasions can be profound, with victims experiencing a range of negative emotions such as fear, anxiety, and depression. In response, many homeowners turn to home security systems to protect their homes and loved ones. This paper seeks to research the current state of home security systems, from traditional alarm systems to DIY solutions, exploring their effectiveness, costs, and complexities. We will also investigate common concerns and misconceptions about home security systems to provide a comprehensive understanding of the available options for home protection. The goal of this initiative is to increase public awareness of the value of reliable home security systems and the potential dangers of doing without having security. Also offering a cost-effective and convenient alternative for homeowners who might be hesitant to make the investment in a pricier security system. Besides, explaining the importance of incorporating such a security system as a part of a comprehensive security plan as well as showcasing the potential future scope of the technology, such as incorporating wireless connectivity, integrating with other security systems, using machine learning and AI, and improving energy efficiency. It will also cover the common concerns of people regarding the circuit and its effectiveness, range, and battery life also recommendation on usage. III. LITERATURE REVIEW "Design of a Motion Detector Alarm System Based on Raspberry Pi" by Xingyu Zhou and others, published in the 2018 International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences. The paper describes the design and implementation of a motion detector alarm system based on the Raspberry Pi platform, including the circuit diagram and the programming details. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337788545_Design_ and_Implementation_of_Shipping_Video_Surveillance_Equip ment_Based_on_Raspberry_Pi "An IoT-Based Motion Detector Alarm System Using Machine Learning for Smart Home Security" by Wasiur Rahman and others, published in the 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341323326_A_Smar t_IoT_Security_System_for_SmartHome_Using_Motion_Detection_and_Facial_Recognition “Design and Application of a Smart Home System Based on Internet of Things” Received: May., 01. 2021 Revised: July., 03. 2021 Accepted: July, 11. 2021 https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1745164 “Motion Detection Security Alarm Using Arduino” Posted: 13 Oct 2021 Last revised: 3 Nov 2021 https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3918345 II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES This project will demonstrate how the circuit can be easily built and installed, providing a DIY solution for home security. “Design of Home Intelligent Alarm System” Published : October 2019 2 > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336788557_Design_ of_Home_Intelligent_Alarm_System_Abstract IV. METHODOLOGY AND MODELING A. Introduction A motion detector alarm circuit is an electronic device that detects motion and triggers an alarm or alert. It is commonly used in security systems to detect intruders but can also be used in other applications such as automatic lighting, energy conservation, and automation. It consists of a PIR sensor, resistor, diode, and speaker. C. Description of components These are the components that was required to create the project “Motion detector alarm circuit.” Fig : Motion detector alarm circuit B. Working principle When motion is detected by the PIR motion sensor, it sends a signal to the base pin of the transistor, which allows current to flow through the collector and emitter pins of the transistor. This current activates the speaker, which indicates that motion has been detected. The diode in reverse bias protects the circuit from damage caused by reverse voltage, which can occur if the power source is connected incorrectly. The BC547 transistor is used in this project to amplify the signal from the motion sensor and to switch on and off the speaker based on the detection of motion. The 1KΩ resistor connected to the base pin of the transistor ensures that the voltage to the base remains within safe limits, preventing damage to the transistor. The diode in reverse bias protects the circuit from damage caused by reverse voltage. This simple project demonstrates the use of the BC547 transistor and diode in motion sensing applications. C. Experimental Setup We connected the PIR motion sensor module to the breadboard and the positive (+) and negative (-) pins to a power source. After that, we connected the signal pin of the PIR motion sensor module to the base pin of the BC547 transistor. Then a 1KΩ resistor was connected from the base pin of the transistor to the ground (GND) pin of the breadboard. The collector pin of the transistor was connected to the positive (+) terminal of a speaker and the negative (-) terminal of the speaker to the ground (GND) pin of the breadboard. Lastly, we connected a diode (1N4007) in reverse bias between the positive (+) and negative (-) terminals of the power source. 3 > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < B. Experimental Results IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Simulation The circuit was constructed and was simulated using Tinker cad, a circuit simulating software. PIR model output when a subject of width 0.5 m, at a distance of 7 m from the PIR sensor, moves at 0.277 m/s. Fig: Motion detector alarm circuit C. Comparison between Simulated and Experimental data 4 > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < Peak-to-peak sensor output voltage as a function of the distance d with the subject moving transversely to the sensor at a speed of 0.277 m/s. Limited Detection Angle: PIR sensors also have a limited detection angle, typically around 120 degrees. This means that they can only detect motion within a specific area and may not be able to detect motion in areas outside their field of view. False Alarms: PIR sensors can be triggered by sudden changes in temperature or light, such as the sun suddenly shining on the sensor or a heater turning on nearby. This can lead to false alarms, which can be annoying and potentially dangerous if they cause people to ignore genuine alarms. Power Consumption: PIR sensors and buzzers can consume a significant amount of power, which the battery quickly. It might need to be replaced or recharged often. Peak-to-peak sensor output voltage with the subject moving through the FoV at different speeds. Limited Functionality: The motion detector alarm circuit is a simple design that can only detect motion and sound an alarm. J. Referencing a Figure or Table Within Your Article When referencing your figures and tables within your article, use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables should be numbered with Roman numerals. D. Cost Analysis To perform a cost analysis of a simple motion detecting alarm circuit, we need to consider the cost of the components in BDT. 1. Motion sensor: The cost of a basic PIR motion sensor can be around 170 BDT to 250 BDT. 2. Alarm: A basic piezoelectric buzzer can cost around 40 BDT to 80 BDT. 3. Power supply: A 9V battery can be used for this purpose, which can cost around 150 BDT to 250 BDT. 4. Other components: The cost of other components such as resistors, capacitors, and other parts can range from a few BDT to a few hundred BDT depending on the specific circuit design. Based on the above components, the total cost of a simple motion detecting alarm circuit can be estimated to be between 500 BDT to 750 BDT. However, the actual cost may vary depending on the specific components used, the quantity purchased, and the location where the components are purchased. E. Limitations in the project Limited Detection Range: PIR sensors are designed to detect infrared radiation emitted by moving objects within a limited range. The detection range of a PIR sensor is typically around 5-10 meters, depending on the sensor's specifications. If an object moves beyond the sensor's range, it will not be detected. V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENDEAVOURS In conclusion, the Motion Detector Alarm Circuit is a simple yet effective electronic security system that uses a motion sensor to detect motion and trigger an alarm to alert the user of potential intruders. The circuit includes components such as a power supply, motion sensor, amplifier, timer, speaker, and reset switch. The motion detector alarm circuit is easy to build and install, making it a popular choice for home security systems. It can detect motion in its range and produce a loud alarm sound to alert the user. The circuit can be reset using the reset switch once the alarm has been triggered. The future scope of the Motion Detector Alarm Circuit includes incorporating wireless connectivity, integrating with other security systems, using machine learning and AI, and improving energy efficiency. These advancements could greatly enhance the effectiveness and convenience of the system, making it an even more valuable tool for ensuring the safety and security of homes and other premises. Overall, the Motion Detector Alarm Circuit is a useful and effective security system that can help deter potential intruders and provide peace of mind for users.. 5 > REPLACE THIS LINE WITH YOUR MANUSCRIPT ID NUMBER (DOUBLE-CLICK HERE TO EDIT) < REFERENCES https://www.researchgate.net/figure/PIR-model-output-whena-subject-of-width-05-m-at-a-distance-of-7-m-from-the-PIRsensor_fig4_325279130 https://www.electronicshub.org/pir-motion-detector-circuit/ https://www.elprocus.com/how-to-make-a-simple-motion-detector-alarmcircuit-at-home/ https://www.build-electronic-circuits.com/motion-detector-alarm-circuit/ https://www.homemade-circuits.com/motion-sensor-alarm-light-circuit/
