Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 1 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Name: Score: 95 Written questions Definition 1 of 95 groups of receptor cells responding to specific stimuli: light, sound, touch, temperature and chemicals Definition 2 of 95 the passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed, as faeces, through the anus Definition 3 of 95 the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses Definition 4 of 95 one which contains the right amount of each nutrient to meet the needs of the individual without causing malnutrition. Definition 5 of 95 the change in adaptive features of a population over time as the result of natural selection Definition 6 of 95 the processes that make more of the same kind of organism 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 2 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 7 of 95 a change in the base sequence of DNA Definition 8 of 95 an animal that gets its energy by eating plants Definition 9 of 95 transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species Definition 10 of 95 differences between individuals of the same species Definition 11 of 95 a thread-like structure of DNA, carrying genetic information in the form of genes Definition 12 of 95 a group of cells with similar structures, working together to perform a shared function Definition 13 of 95 a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 3 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 14 of 95 the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygen Definition 15 of 95 the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism Definition 16 of 95 Disease caused by the blockage of coronary arteries: possible risk factors include diet, stress, smoking, genetic predisposition, age and gender Definition 17 of 95 the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cells Definition 18 of 95 a unit containing the community of organisms and their environment, interacting together, e.g. a decomposing log, or a lake Definition 19 of 95 a junction between two neurones Definition 20 of 95 a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes, e.g. in gametes 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 4 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 21 of 95 a group of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions Definition 22 of 95 a process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent Definition 23 of 95 one which is produced as rapidly as it is removed from the environment so that it does not run out. Definition 24 of 95 the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation Definition 25 of 95 a version of a gene Definition 26 of 95 genetic change Definition 27 of 95 a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes, e.g. in body cells 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 5 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 28 of 95 the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement Definition 29 of 95 having two different alleles of a particular gene Definition 30 of 95 a group of organisms of one species, living in the same area, at the same time Definition 31 of 95 the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy from respiration Definition 32 of 95 a characteristic in which the gene responsible is located on a sex chromosome and that this makes it more common in one sex than in the other Definition 33 of 95 defence against a pathogen by antibody production in the body Definition 34 of 95 having two identical alleles of a particular gene 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 6 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 35 of 95 the movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem: - from regions of production (source) to regions of storage OR to regions where they are used in respiration or growth (sink) Definition 36 of 95 a disease-causing organism Definition 37 of 95 An infection that is transmitted via body fluids through sexual contact Definition 38 of 95 substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction and is not changed by the reaction Definition 39 of 95 Short-term defence against a pathogen by antibodies acquired from another individual, e.g. mother to infant Definition 40 of 95 loss of water vapour from plant leaves by evaporation of water at the surfaces of the mesophyll cells followed by diffusion of water vapour through the stomata Definition 41 of 95 a process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes (sex cells) to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 7 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 42 of 95 the process, resulting from natural selection, by which populations become more suited to their environment over many generations Definition 43 of 95 Diagram showing the transfer of energy from one organism to the next, beginning with a producer Definition 44 of 95 the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules Definition 45 of 95 removal from organisms of the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration), toxic materials, and substances in excess of requirements Definition 46 of 95 a response in which parts of a plant grow towards or away from gravity Definition 47 of 95 an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place Definition 48 of 95 a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 8 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 49 of 95 the loss of watery faeces Definition 50 of 95 an organism that gets its energy from dead or waste organic material Definition 51 of 95 the position of an organism in a food chain, food web, pyramid of numbers or pyramid of biomass Definition 52 of 95 the taking of substances, e.g. food and drink, into the body through the mouth Definition 53 of 95 a disease in which the pathogen can be passed from one host to another Definition 54 of 95 an electrical signal that passes along nerve cells called neurones Definition 55 of 95 as the breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 9 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 56 of 95 an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species Definition 57 of 95 the observable features of an organism Definition 58 of 95 the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma Definition 59 of 95 any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body Definition 60 of 95 The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin to form a mesh preventing blood loss and preventing the entry of pathogens Definition 61 of 95 all of the populations of different species in an ecosystem Definition 62 of 95 the genetic make-up of an organism in terms of the alleles present 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 10 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 63 of 95 unspecialised cells that divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells that can become specialised for specific functions Definition 64 of 95 the fusion of gamete nuclei Definition 65 of 95 Something present in the environment in such short supply that it restricts life processes Definition 66 of 95 an organism that gets its energy by feeding on other organisms Definition 67 of 95 an animal that gets its energy by eating other animals Definition 68 of 95 an inherited feature that helps an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment or the inherited functional features of an organism that increase its fitness Definition 69 of 95 the process by which plants manufacture carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 11 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 70 of 95 an allele that is expressed (in the phenotype) if it is present Definition 71 of 95 the chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy Definition 72 of 95 an allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present Definition 73 of 95 a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring Definition 74 of 95 taking in of materials for energy, growth and development; plants require light, carbon dioxide, water and ions; animals need organic compounds and ions and usually need water Definition 75 of 95 a system of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes that are involved in the circulation of body fluids(lymph) and the protection of the body from infection Definition 76 of 95 structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 12 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 77 of 95 a response in which parts of a plant grow towards or away from the direction from which light is coming Definition 78 of 95 Drugs used for the treatment of bacterial infection (have no effect on viruses) Definition 79 of 95 as proteins that function as biological catalysts Definition 80 of 95 a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood Definition 81 of 95 a length of DNA that codes for a protein Definition 82 of 95 changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes Definition 83 of 95 the maintenance of a constant internal environment 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 13 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 84 of 95 a network of interconnected food chains Definition 85 of 95 the hormone secreted in 'fight or flight' situations which causes an increase in breathing and pulse rate, widened pupils and an increase in blood glucose concentration. Definition 86 of 95 the removal of the nitrogen-containing part of amino acids to form urea Definition 87 of 95 development providing for the needs of an increasing human population without harming the environment Definition 88 of 95 an organism that makes its own organic nutrients, usually using energy from sunlight, through photosynthesis Definition 89 of 95 the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution), through a partially permeable membrane Definition 90 of 95 nuclear division giving rise to genetically identical cells 28/4/23, 20:06 Test: IGCSE Biology definitions (Extended) | Quizlet 14 of 14 https://quizlet.com/188094962/test?answerTermSides=2&promptTermS... Definition 91 of 95 the probability of an organism surviving and reproducing in the environment in which it is found Definition 92 of 95 reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells Definition 93 of 95 the movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood Definition 94 of 95 the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or different flower on the same plant Definition 95 of 95 a means of automatically and rapidly integrating and coordinating a given stimuli with the specific responses of particular effectors (muscles and glands) 28/4/23, 20:06
