1 FOR ZAMBOANGA CITY DIVISION USE ONLY NOT FOR SALE 10 ENGLISH QUARTER 4 WEEK 3 Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment Toolkit Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula Zamboanga City “Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!” Written by: ANTHONY L. TOLENTINO (SST-III) Regional Science H.S. 1 CapSLET Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment Toolkit SUBJECT & GRADE/LEVEL TOPIC English 10 QUARTER 4 WEEK 3 DAY ___________________________________ dd/mm/yyyy *TECHNICAL and OPERATIONAL DEFINITION * EXPANDED DEFINITIONS OF WORDS Give technical and operational definitions Give expanded definitions of words Code: LEARNING EN10V-11d-13.9 COMPETENCY EN10V-lllb-13.9 Objectives: * Differentiate technical from operational definition * Classify definitions as technical or operational * Define Expanded definition * Identify the different techniques of expanded definition IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on the Learner’s Activity and Assessment Sheets provided separately. UNDERSTAND TECHNICAL, OPERATIONAL AND EXPANDED DEFINITIONS When can you say that a word is defined technically or operationally? TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS A technical definition is a definition in technical communication describing or explaining technical terminology. Technical definitions are used to introduce the vocabulary which makes communication in a particular field clear and unambiguous. An operational definition is the articulation of operationalization used in defining the terms of a process needed to determine the nature of an item or phenomenon and its properties such as duration, quantity, extension in space, chemical composition, etc. Original Illustration Therefore, a technical definition is a definition in the technical sense, while an operational definition includes information from the real world. Example: Study how automobile is defined (Technical Definition) An automobile is usually a four-wheeled automotive vehicle and powered by an internal combustion engine or electric motor. (Operational Definition) An automobile is a car or truck that gets you around from place to place and caries cargo or passengers that makes it easier to live in the city or countryside. How about its In the context of research, words are defined use in the field of technically when a term requires a reference such RESEARCH? dictionaries or encyclopedias. Its purpose is to basically aid certain conduct of study as to how each of the words/terms contribute to the linguistic development of the entire study. Furthermore, technical definitions must be accurate and precise that it doesn’t entail paraphrasing or even opinionated statements. Technical definitions are also referred as conceptual definitions. Original Illustration Written by: ANTHONY L. TOLENTINO (SST-III) Regional Science H.S. 2 On the other hand, words are operationally defined when terms/words utilize both perspective and concept. Perspective or opinion is used when terms/words that are to be defined requires deeper understanding of the process of the study. The term/word must be defined according to how it is used and measures in the study. Concept is also incorporated in the operational definition through the integration of technical definition. So, to come-up with an operational definition, one must incorporate the technical definition with how a researcher manages to give his/her viewpoint regarding a certain study. An operational definition is a description of something in terms of the operations (procedures, actions, or processes) by which it could be observed and measured. The process of creating an operational definition is known as operationalization. Listed below are just few of the examples. Word/Term CARBONIZATION FERTILIZER ABSORPTION Technical Definition Carbonization is a pyrolytic reaction, therefore, is considered a complex process in which many reactions take place concurrently such as dehydrogenation, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Fertilizers is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. Many sources of fertilizer exist, both natural and industrially produced. Absorption is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules or ions enter some bulk phase – liquid or solid material. This is a different process from adsorption, since molecules undergoing absorption are taken up by the volume, not by the surface. EXPANDED DEFINITIONS provide the most context among all the types of technical definitions. Operational Definition Carbonization is the conversion of coconut fiber into carbon typically by heating or burning. (Take note of the word coconut fiber, as the variable used in the study, this is the perspective part of the definition) Fertilizers are natural substance containing the chemical elements that improve growth and productiveness of Magnifera Indica ( Mango). Absorption is an administered drug moves through various biological membranes from its site of administration to its target organ. Absorption into the target organ is dependent on a number of factors, including the method of administration, the properties of the drug, the amount of drug administered; and the characteristics or state of the individual . Aside from technical and operational definitions, we also have EXPANDED DEFINITIONS. It extends and develops beyond a sentence level definition. It is generally a combination of informal and formal definition and mostly based on audience needs and the writer’s purpose. As our readings indicate, definition can begin with a synonym, a brief phrase, or a formal sentence that explains the term/field in its most basic form. But this requires you to write an expanded definition using the tactics of definition. The techniques you use will depend on what is appropriate for audience and subject matter. These techniques are listed below: Original Illustration 1. Etymology – explaining origin of the word itself 2. History – if relevant, discussing the history of the term/its use/controversies associated with it 3. Cause and Effect – discussing how the situation came about and what effects it may have Written by: ANTHONY L. TOLENTINO (SST-III) Regional Science H.S. 3 4. Description – listing and defining the component parts 5. Principles of Operation – discussing how topic in question functions, including any special materials or conditions required 6. Classification - showing how the topic fits into a larger category 7. Contrast/Negation – showing how the topic differs from others in the same class 8. Comparison – showing how the topic is similar to others in the class 9. Analogy – explaining by comparing two dissimilar topics, where the second is familiar to the audience 10. Examples 11. Illustrations ACTIVITY A. Directions: Read carefully the following definitions, then classify whether the word/term is technically or operationally defined. Draw a if it’s a technical definition and if it’s an operational definition. 1. CARBOHYDRATE -A group of organic compounds that have the general formula Cx(H2O)y. They range from relatively small molecules, such as simple sugars (e.g., glucose), to macromolecular substances, such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose. Carbohydrates of plant origin form a major source of energy in the diet of animals. 2. ECOSYSTEM- Sitio Bularan, a relative environment near the swamps of Talon-talon is self-contained unit comprising a community of individuals of different species and the environment they inhabit. There is an interdependent balance of predators, prey, food resources, and substrates such that a change in any one component is often followed by commensurate changes in the other components. 3. HUMIDITY- A parcel of air near saturation may contain 28 grams of water per cubic metre of air at 30 °C, but only 8 grams of water per cubic metre of air at 8 °C. The amount of water vapor contained within a parcel of air may vary significantly. 4. SALINITY - The saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). Salinity is an important factor in determining many aspects of the chemistry of natural waters and of biological processes within it, and is a thermodynamic state variable that, along with temperature and pressure, governs physical characteristics like the density and heat capacity of the water. 5. SOIL - A gathered material from the high lands of Sitio Muruk, Upper Pasonanca which is a result of several factors including that the influence of climate, elevation, orientation, slope of terrain, organisms, and the soil's parent materials (original minerals) interacting over time. ACTIVITY B. Directions: Read the following expanded definitions, then identify its types. Write your answer on the space provided. Item No. Word/Term Definition 1. MOLLUSKS All mollusks- snails, slugs and octopuses-have soft unsegmented bodies and live in aquatic or damp habitats. 2. EVAPORATION The heat causes additional energy in the water. The effect of adding heat energy to water is that the water turns to vapor. When the water turns to vapor, it forms bubbles in the liquid water. Written by: ANTHONY L. TOLENTINO (SST-III) Regional Science H.S. 4 3. AVOCADO The word avocado comes from Spanish aguacate, which in turn comes from the Nahuatl ahuacatl, meaning testicle. 4. SANDWICH The first written usage of the English word appeared in Edward Gibbon's journal, in longhand, referring to "bits of cold meat" as a "Sandwich." It was named after John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, an eighteenth-century English aristocrat. It is said that he ordered his valet to bring him meat tucked between two pieces of bread, and others began to order "the same as Sandwich! It is commonly said that Lord Sandwich was fond of this form of food because it allowed him to continue playing cards, particularly cribbage, while eating, without using a fork, and without getting his cards greasy from eating meat with his bare hands. 5. TELESCOPE A device used by astronomers to magnify images or collect more light from distant objects by gathering and concentrating radiation. The most familiar kind of telescope is the optical telescope, which collects radiation in the form of visible light. It may work by reflection, with a bowl-shaped mirror at its base, or by refraction, with a system of lenses. REMEMBER TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS A technical definition is a definition in technical communication describing or explaining technical terminology. Technical definitions are used to introduce the vocabulary which makes communication in a particular field clear. Technical definitions are also referred as conceptual definitions. Operational definition is a description of something in terms of the operations (procedures, actions, or processes) by which it could be observed and measured. The process of creating an operational definition is known as operationalization. Example: CARBONIZATION Carbonization is a pyrolytic reaction, therefore, is considered a complex process in which many reactions take place concurrently such as dehydrogenation, condensation, hydrogen transfer and isomerization. Carbonization is the conversion of coconut fiber into carbon typically by heating or burning. (Take note of the word coconut fiber, as the variable used in the study, this is the perspective part of the definition) EXPANDED DEFINITIONS Expanded definitions provide the most context among all the types of technical definitions. It extends and develops beyond a sentence level definition. It is generally a combination of informal and formal definition and mostly based on audience needs and the writer’s purpose. Techniques in expanding defintion. 1. 2. 3. 4. Etymology History Cause and Effect Description 5. Principles of Operation 6. Classification 7. Contrast/Negation 8. Comparison 9. Analogy 10. Examples 11. Illustrations Written by: ANTHONY L. TOLENTINO (SST-III) Regional Science H.S. 5 TRY Let us see how much you have learned today! A. Directions: Match the words found in the column A to its description in column B. Write the letter of your choice on the space provided. (Write your answers on the Learner's Activity and Assessment sheets.) Answer 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Column A Technical definition Operational definition Expanded definition Conceptual definition Operationalization Column B A. It is generally a combination of informal and formal definition and mostly based on audience needs and the writer’s purpose. B. Research-based process of formulating definition. C. A process of defining terms needed to determine the nature of an item or phenomenon and its properties such as duration, quantity, extension in space, chemical composition, etc. D. The process of creating an operational definition. E. A defining process used to introduce the vocabulary which makes communication in a particular field clear and unambiguous. A. Directions: Read the statements/questions very carefully and answer of what is being asked. Blacken the answer of your choice. (Write your answers on the Learner's Activity and Assessment sheets.) A B C D O O O O 1. What is the very purpose of Technical Definition? a. Improves the standard of giving definition. b. Eliminates complex understanding of words. c. Makes communication in a particular field clear and unambiguous. d. Adds elaboration to a certain fact. O O O O 2. Which of the following is not part of the list of references where technical definition can be derived from? a. Dictionaries b. Diaries c. Encyclopedias d. Atlas and Almanac O O O O 3. What should be incorporated or included when drafting an operational definition for a research study? a. Previous and new concepts b. Unstructured and organized statements c. Modern and ancient historical discoveries. d. Perspective and concepts of the conducted research. O O O O 4. What makes Expanded definition different from technical and operational definition? a. It is purely based on audiences’ needs and the writer’s or author’s purpose. b. It requires another multiple set of references. c. It is dominantly formal and ethical in nature. d. It is too informal that can’t be utilized for formal concepts. O O O O 5. Which technique in expanding definition requires creativity, usually lesser in words and aims at providing adequate visual representation of a word/term? a. Analogy b. Examples c. Illustrations d. Classification Written by: ANTHONY L. TOLENTINO (SST-III) Regional Science H.S. 6 “Technical Definition.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, August 5, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical_definition. Brightwell, Safwan. “Technical Defintions.” SlideShare, July 5, 2015. https://www.slideshare.net/safwanb/technical-defintions. arlandisjones Follow. “Technical Definitions Description.” SlideShare, September 25, 2012. https://www.slideshare.net/arlandisjones/technicaldefinitions-description. phdserena Follow. “Operational Definitions.” SlideShare, February 19, 2015. https://www.slideshare.net/phdserena/operational-definitions-44880256. REFERENCE/S “Operational Definition.” Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, September 4, 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_definition. Online Technical Writing--Extended Definition. Accessed September 13, 2020. https://www.tuchemnitz.de/phil/english/sections/linguist/independent/ku rsmaterialien/TechComm/acchtml/def.html. “You Need to Have JavaScript Enabled in Order to Access This Site.” 11 techniques for writing extended definitions: ENGL393-1802: Technical Writing-Fall 2015 dpendick. Accessed September 13, 2020. https://umd.instructure.com/courses/1171792/pages/11-techniques-forwriting-extended-definitions. This learning resource contains copyrighted materials. The use of which has not been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. We are making this learning resource in our efforts to provide printed and e-copy learning resources available for the learners about the learning continuity plan of this division at this time of the pandemic. DISCLAIMER Credits and respect to the original creator/owner of the materials found in this learning resource. This material is not intended for uploading nor for commercial use, but purely for educational purposes and for the utilization of Zamboanga City Division only. No malicious infringement is meant by the writer. Written by: ANTHONY L. TOLENTINO (SST-III) Regional Science H.S.
