Name :
Class :
1. Animals can be divided into invertebrates and vertebrates.
(a) Mollusc is an invertebrate.
(i) Describe the difference between invertebrates and vertebrates.
invertebrates are animals without a backbone while vertebrates with a backbone[1]
(ii) Fig. 1.1 shows five species of mollusc.
(iii) Define the term species.
a group of organisms with similar characteristics that can reproduce together to
produce fertile offspring
[1]
(iv) State two features that are shown by all molluscs.
1 soft, unsegmented body
2 muscular foot for movement
3 mantle that produces shell for most molluscs
[2]
(b) Insects, crustaceans, arachnids and myriapods are all classified within the same group.
Fig. 1.2 shows three different insects.
(i) State the group of animals that includes insects, crustaceans, arachnids and
myriapods.
arthropods
[1]
(ii) Define what is meant by binomial nomenclature.
the naming system for organisms consisting of a two-part scientific name, starting
with the genus and followed by the species
[1]
(iii) Explain how the scientific names indicate that insects 1 and 2 are more closely
related to each other than to insect 3.
insects 1 and 2 are in the same genus which is Vespula OR insect 3 is in the different
genus which is Callicera
[1]
(iv) State three features, shown by the insects and visible in Fig. 1.2, that they share
with other arthropods.
1 exoskeleton
2 jointed limbs
3 segmented body
[3]
(c) Table 1.1 shows some of the external features of the five classes of vertebrates.
[4]
(d) The diagram shows four different varieties of the same species of chicken.
(i) A farmer uses selective breeding to produce a new variety of chicken.
This new variety of chicken must be black with white spots and have a large tail.
Describe two stages in the production of this new variety of chicken.
1 select parents with the desired characteristics (A & B) and mate them together
2 select offspring with the desired characteristics and mate the offspring together
to produce the next generation
[2]
(ii) The number of animals in the wild may change due to natural selection.
Describe the theory of natural selection.
Natural selection relies on survival of the fittest. Organisms compete with each
other and the best adapted organisms survive then can pass their advantageous
adaptations on to their offspring.
[2]