All
tenses
z
By
Koorosh sharifi
z
Simple
Continues
Perfect
Perfect
Continues
Present
Simple present
Present
Present Perfect
continues
Past
Past Simple
Past Continues
Present Perfect
Continues
Past Perfect
Past Perfect
Continues
Future
Future Simple
Future
Continues
Future Perfect
Future Perfect
Continues
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Simple present
This is Tom. He lives in San
Antonio. San Antonio is a big city
in America. He works as a bank
executive. He walks to work every
day. He starts working at 8:00 am
every day . He finishes his job at
6:00 pm. He wants to go on a trip
tomorrow. His flight leaves at 10
p.m. tomorrow . He will go to the
airport after he finishes work.
Fact /general truth
(something is generally or always true.)
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 Tom works as a bank manager.
 He lives in San Antonio.
 San Antonio is a big city in America.
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Routine / habit
( things that we do regularly )
 He walks to work every day.
 He starts work every day at 8.
 He finishes work every day at 6.
 They don’t go to the gym every weekend.
Use with:
'often', 'always' and 'sometimes…
Every day , 'twice a month‘….
present simple for short actions
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(actions are so short that they are finished almost as
soon as you've said the sentence)
 He takes the ball, he runs down the wing,
and he scores!
This is often used with sports commentary.
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Scheduled future
 His flight leaves at 10 p.m. tomorrow.
 Is it about future?
 Yes
 Can you change the time?
 No
 Is it a fixed arrangement?
 Yes
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FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES
 He will go to airport after he finishes work.
To talk about the future after words like
' 'when', 'until', 'after', 'before' and 'as soon as'.
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Wh + does/do +subject + v1 ?
z
z
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1.
often / out? / do / you / How / go
2.
father / How / out? / does / your / often / go
3.
Where / do / restaurant? / go / to / you / often / you / do / How / go?
4.
Where / go / Fridays? / every / do / you
5.
do / with? / you / café / go / to / Who
6.
you / live / do / Who / with?
7.
on / go / you / When / weekdays? / out / do
8.
out / How / together? / does / eat / often / your / family
9.
in / What / time? / free / do / do / your / you
10.
Where / go / family / weekends? / does / on / the / your
11.
Where / father / does / work? / your
12.
your / friend / work? / best / does / Where
13.
your / friend / Where / and / best / every / go / Thursday? / do / you
14.
best / text / friend / How / does / your / you? / often
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4
z
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 Talk about you and your family’s routines
everyday.
 Tell us about some facts.
 Tell us about some of your fixed
arrangements.
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PRESENT CONTINUES
Tom is at home right now. He’s taking a
shower. His wife is making dinner.
His brother , Alex , is staying with them
for a couple of weeks. He is a Scientist.
He says that the earth is getting
warmer because these days, countries
are using more fusil fuels. He is having
a very important meeting tomorrow, but
he’s always forgetting his meetings.
z
Actions happening right now
(at the time of speaking)
 He’s taking a shower right now.
 His wife is making dinner.
 I am drinking coffee right now.
 It isn’t raining outside.
Use with: now, at the moment.
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Temporary activities
 Alex is staying with them for a couple of weeks.
 He is learning to play the guitar these weeks.
 I’m not watching an interesting TV series at the moment.
Use with: at the moment, for a few
weeks, for a couple of months.
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Changes happening now
 Scientists believe that the earth is getting warmer.
 The price of gold is increasing.
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A new pattern or habit
(describe events or actions that are new
and different from events in the past. )
 These days, people are writing emails a lot less than they used
to a few years ago.”
 I am studying online more than before.
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ANNOYING HABITS
 You're forever losing your keys!
Use with: always, forever
, constantly.
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DEFINITE FUTURE PLANS
 I'm meeting my father tomorrow.
Use with: tomorrow, later, at 7pm
tonight, on Tuesday.
z
Wh+ am/is/are +subject + V(ing)?
z
z
z
z
1.
What do you think your best friend is doing right now?
2.
Are you reading any interesting books these days? Which ones?
3.
What TV shows are you watching now?
4.
Think of your favorite celebrity. What do you think they are doing right now?
5.
Who are you hanging out with a lot these days?
6.
What projects are you working on this week?
7.
What are you studying these days?
8.
What are some of your plans tomorrow?
9.
Are you watching films tonight?
10.
Are you going to gym next week?
11.
What is your favorite sports team? How are they doing this season?
12.
What new habits do you have ? Talk about them.
13.
What are some new changes in the world?
14.
What are some new changes in your life?
15.
What is your teacher wearing today?
16.
What is happening in the news?
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Simple past
This is Joe, Tom’s son. He went to
school yesterday. He got a good grade
in math and he was really happy
because of that. when he came back
home, he ate launch and ,started
playing games with his new computer.
When Tom was young, he watched a
lot of TV shows but these days
children prefer to play video games.
Completed actions in the past
 He went to school yesterday.
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 Karen gave me a present.
 He played with his new computer.
 He didn’t get a bad grade yesterday.
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To describe a series of completed
actions in the past that happen in
one period of time.
 He came back home, ate launch ,and started
playing games with his new computer
 I finished work, walked to the beach, and
found a nice place to swim.
z
To express habits in the past
 When Tom was young, he watched a lot of
TV shows.
 We went to the same beach every summer.
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Regular verbs -ed
Play ------------------------ played
Act --------------------------- Acted
Clean -----------------------Cleaned
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The simple past tense of some
irregular verbs looks exactly like
the root form
 Put→Put
 Cut→Cut
 Set→Set
 Cost→Cost
 Hit→Hit
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For other irregular verbs, including
the verb to be, the simple past forms
are more erratic.
 See→Saw
 Build→Built
 Go→Went
 Do→Did
 Rise→Rose
 Am/Is/Are→Was/Were
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Irregular verbs
z
Wh + did + subject + V1?
z
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PAST CONTINUES
z
A month ago , they had some guests coming over. Tom called
her from office while she was cooking dinner so she totally
forgot the food. Joe was watching TV when he saw a bad
smoke from kitchen. she was making food all day ,but It was
burnt. She was constantly burning foods in those days.
Sarah , Tom’s wife
So they decided to go to a restaurant. The restaurant was
great , people were listening to the live music ,speaking to
each other ,and eating delicious food. It was nice.
z
Unfinished, ongoing action in past (+ short action)
used to describe something that was happening
continuously in the past when another action
interrupted it
 Tom called her from office while she was cooking dinner.
Was cooking
called
 Joe was watching TV when he saw a bad smoke from
kitchen.
 I was taking a shower when the doorbell rang.
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a habitual action in the past.
Use with: always, forever, constantly,
at that time, in those days.
She was constantly burning foods in those days.
She was always talking in class.
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EMPHASIS on LENGTH OF ACTION
 I worked In the garden.*(emphasis on action.)
 I was working in the garden all day.
 My friend was exercising all week.
 She was cooking all night.
STORY BACKGROUND
we can talk about the weather or
what people were doing
z
The restaurant was great , people were listening to the live
music ,speaking to each other ,and eating delicious food.
The picnic was so much fun. The sun was shining, the kids
were running around and the adults were playing volleyball.
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Wh + was/were + subject + V(ing)?
What were you playing ?
z
z
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When grandpa ED came to the garden,….
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1
2
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Present perfect
This is Ashley. Tom’s mom. she is a
kind teacher. She is from England but
She has lived in America for 20 years.
She loves traveling. She has been to
a lot of countries, actually She’s
visited Europe twice this year. She
has always wanted to visit all
countries in the world.
She has just finished her class and
now she wants to go home.
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unfinished actions or states or habits that
started in the past and continue to the
present.
 She has always wanted to visit all countries in the world.
 She has lived in America for 20 years.
 I've known Karen since 1994.
(It is often used with stative verbs.)
(live ,know ,like ,love ,hate…)
Use with: since or for
Since (exact time)
For ( period of time)
LIFE
Experience
z
(finished actions)
 She has been to a lot of cities before.
 I've never been to Tokyo.
 I’ve eaten Korean food.
 Have you ever been to Turkey? *(Ask about experience)*
Use with: ever, never, before
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PRESENT RESULT
 I've lost my keys. (so I can't get into my house).
 I have lost my glasses. ( so I can’t see well).
 She's hurt her leg (so she can't play tennis today).
 I have cleaned my room. ( so my room is very organized now.)
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Recent actions or events
 I've just seen Tom.
 She has just finished her class.
 Teacher’s speech has already ended.
Use with: just / yet / already / recently
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Present perfect VS. simple past
 I've lost my keys.
 * I lost my glasses 2 hours ago.
 She has visited Europe twice this year.
 *She visited Europe last year.
simple past when details about the time or place
that an action happened are given or requested.
z
Wh +have/has + subject + V3?
z
z
z
z
z
1. Have you
z ever been to Dubai?
2. Have you ever been on TV?
3. Have you ever heard of kitesurfing?
4. Have you ever stayed up all night?
5. Have you ever had unusual food?
6. Have you ever won a contest?
7. Did you do anything different last summer?
8. Did you go somewhere nice last year?
9. Have you ever seen a famous person?
10. Have you ever taken a German class?
11. Have you ever gone bungee jumping?
12. Have you ever been to an art festival?
13. Have you ever forgotten an appointment?
14. Have you ever broken your arm?
15. Have you ever tried horseback riding?
16. Have you ever broken something valuable?
17.Have
18.Have
19.Have
20.Have
21.Have
22.Have
23.Have
24.Have
you ever been to a stadium?
you ever won a prize?
you ever gotten 100% on a test?
you ever spoken to a famous person?
you ever taken an exciting trip? Have
you ever lost something important?
you ever had the flu?
you ever found a wallet?
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Present perfect continues
This is David. Tom’s best friend. They
were supposed to see each other. David
has been waiting here for 2 hours but
Tom hasn’t shown up yet. They have
been working on a big project recently.
He is a little anxious , he’s been talking
with his boss about the problems.
z
Unfinished actions
Actions that started in past and
still continuing
 David has been waiting here for 2 hours.
 He has been waiting here since 5 p.m.
For = period of time
Since = start of time
We cannot use this tense with verbs such as be, know,
and like, which are not used in continuous forms.
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For temporary habits or situations.
(Actions that started in past and still
continuing but we don’t know “how long” so
clearly)
 I've been going to the gym a lot recently.
 I've been reading a lot recently.
Use with: recently.
This is very similar to the use of the present continuous for
temporary habits .
I am going to gym these days.
Finished actions
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(Actions which have recently stopped
and have a result, which we can often
see, hear, or feel, in the present).
 He is a little anxious , he’s been talking with his boss
about the problems.
 I'm so tired, I've been studying.
 I've been running, so I'm really hot.
don't use a time word here
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Present perfect vs
present perfect continues
 I have read 130 pages of a book.
•
She has been reading a book for 2 weeks.
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Wh + have/has + sbj + been + V(ing)?
z
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1.
What kinds of movies have you been watching recently? Would you recommend
z
any?
2.
Have you followed any TV series for a really long time?
3.
What new TV series have you been watching that you would recommend?
4.
What are some of your favorite books, newspapers or magazines that you have
been reading lately?
5.
Are there any blogs that you have been following?
6.
Are you a member of any clubs or groups? How long have you been a member of
that club or group?
7.
Have you found any good restaurants in this area that you have been eating at
recently?
8.
What have you been doing with your free time recently?
9.
Have you been getting enough exercise?
10. What has been happening in the news lately?
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Past perfect
Yesterday , David was waiting for Tom in a
restaurant but he was really late! So David
called Tom’s wife, but she said, “He had left
home before you called me.”
when Tom arrived , David had been there for
2 hours.
The first past action
ACTION FINISHED BEFORE ANOTHER PAST ACTION
z
 He had left home before you called me.
1
2
Use with
Before, after, when
The girl looked familiar . I had seen her before.
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Giving reasons about
past actions
 I was sick because I had eaten too much last night.
 They were happy because they had won a great bank prize.
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Something that started in the past
and continued up to another action
or time in the past.
 when Tom arrived , David had been there for 2 hours.
 when we broke up , we had know each other for 2 years.
 When he graduated, he had been in London for six years.
Use with:
when + past simple, for + time.
We can also use the past perfect continuous here, so we most
often use the past perfect simple with stative verbs.
z
Wh + had + sbj + v3 ?
z
Use simple past and past perfect to complete the sentences.
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1.
What countries had you wanted to visit when you were a child?
2.
Before you turned 18, what had been your hobbies?
3.
Before you left high school, what had been your dream job?
4.
what had you eaten before you went to bed yesterday?
5.
what had you watched before you ate dinner last night?
6.
what did you do before you went to work yesterday?
7.
Had you listened to music before you slept?
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 1. Anna was crying and her mother was angry, what had happened?
 2. Stan’s head was injured badly and his motorcycle was on the street,
what had happened?
 3. John couldn’t sleep and he was very nervous, what had happened?
 4. Steve was sitting in the prison of police station, what had happened?
 5. Antoine went to his room but it was in different color, what had
happened?
 6. when Kate came home her parents were so angry, what had happened?
 7. when Tony came back from school he couldn’t find his cellphone, what
had happened?
 8. when Sarah went to her bed she felt that it’s broken, what had
happened?
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PAST PEREFECT CONTINUES
2 hours later, Tom called his
wife because she had been
really worried. He apologized
and said, “I felt really tired
because I had been driving all
day.”
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The first ongoing action in the
past ( use with simple past)
• He felt really tired because he had been driving all day.
 The children had been playing and so the room was a mess!
 The floor was wet, it had been raining.
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HOW LONG TO A POINT IN THE PAST
 She had been waiting for 2 hours , when the doctor arrived.
Use with;
For + time
 I’d been walking for hours when I finally found the house.
 We'd been living in Berlin for three months when we had to leave.
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Wh + had + sbj + been + Ving?
z
1.
Howzlong had you been waiting when the teacher finally came to class?
2.
How long had you been learning English when you took this course?
3.
How long had they been watching TV when your cellphone rang yesterday?
4.
What had you been doing before the teacher came?
5.
What food had you been eating before you got stomachache the last time?
6.
Where had you been going when you saw one of your old friends in the street?
7.
Had you been waiting long before the teacher arrived?
8.
Were you tired because you had been exercising yesterday?
9.
Were you angry because you had been talking to someone hateful last week?
10. How long had you been waiting when the doctor came to the clinic?
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Future simple
This is TOM’s father, Arthur. He is 65 years old. He is going to retire soon.
He is having a conversation with Tom right now.
Tom : Hi dad, we are having a party tonight , will you come?
Arthur: Well, I will come to your party tonight” where is my grandson, Joe?
Tom : He is at his friends house. He should take a cab to home.
Arthur: “ oh, I will give him a ride to home. Look at the clouds in sky , it is going to
rain tonight”
Tom : Dad, one more thing , I’m taking my wife on a trip but I need 200 $ .
Arthur : Ok son. I will lend you that. Take her to Paris, I’m sure she will love it.
Tom: Thank you dad. I will pay you back next week.
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Three forms:
 A)Going to
 B)Present continues
 C)Will
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Plans and intentions
 He is going to retire soon.
Decision in past
Retire next
year
 We are going to buy a car.
 Jim is going to take a vacation soon.
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Fixed arrangements
we are having a party tonight.
Tonight
 I am having launch with my parents on Sunday.
 I am visiting my grandma tomorrow.
 He is giving a presentation on 10th.
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Instant decision
 Well, I will come to your party tonight.
Decision made
at the moment
A. It's hot here.
B. I'll open the window.
A. I'm busy now.
B. I'll call you later.
Go to party
tonight.
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Offers
 I will give him a ride to home.
 Oh you have a lot of guests tonight. I will help you cook dinner.
 These bags are too heavy. I will carry them for you.
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Promises
 I need 200$ . I will pay you back next week.
Thank you for the email. We will respond within 2 weeks.
z
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Making predictions
 Look at the clouds in sky , it will /is going to rain tonight”
 She will/is going to love Paris.
 Spain will/is going to win the world cup.
z
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•
•
•
What are you doing next weekend?
Who are you visiting tomorrow?
Are you z
going to watch TV tonight?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Are you playing sports next week?
What movies are you watching on the weekend?
What job are you going to have in future?
How will computers change in the future?
How will cellphones change in the future?
How will transportation develop in future times?
What will the cars of the future do?
•
•
Are you going to go out of city this weekend?
What are you going to do after this class?
•
•
If you can eat anything, what will it be?
Where are you going to move after you retire?
•
•
What books are you going to read next?
What are you doing next summer?
•
•
•
What are you going to do after you finish studying English?
When are you going to stop studying English?
How will you use English in future?
z
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Future continues
Tom and his wife decided to go to Paris .
Here are some info about their trip:
The flights leaves at 9 a.m.
They expect to arrive there at 11:30 a.m.
So , at 11 a.m. , they will be flying to Paris.
They will be staying at Hilton hotel.
Ongoing actions in future
z
(Events in progress at a particular time in the future)
At 11 a.m. , they will be flying to Paris.
“Do you want to come to my party on Monday evening?”
“Oh, sorry. I will be working until late.”
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May / might (NOT)
when you are less sure
 In two hours she may be leaving work.
 I might not be eating dinner at eight o'clock .
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Fixed events in future
(we have made an arrangement to do
something in the future.)
 They will be staying at Hilton hotel.
 They are staying at Hilton hotel.
 We‘ll be leaving at 10 o’clock.
 We‘re leaving at 10 o’clock.
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Remember
 we can't use the future continuous with stative
verbs, so if we want to use a stative verb in one of
the situations where we need to the future
continuous, then we use the future simple with
'will'.
I will be liking the entire trip.
I will like the entire trip.
z
z

z
. (where
/ I / wait?)

. (what / you / do?)

. (why / he / study?)

. (how / she / travel?)

. (who / they / meet?)

. (where / we / eat?)

. (what / you / watch?)

. (why / he / drive?)

. (what / she / cook?)

. (why / they / sleep?)

1.
What do you think you'll be doing five years from now?
2.
What do you think you'll be doing at this time tomorrow?
3.
Do you have any idea what your life will be like in ten years?
4.
What do you think you'll be doing when you're 60?
5.
What kinds of jobs do you think people will be doing 20 years from now?
6.
Will more people be working from home ten years from now?
7.
Will people be retiring at a younger age ten years from now?
8.
Will people still be learning English to help them with their careers ten years from now?
9.
What will you be doing tomorrow at 5 pm?
10.
will you be studying English next month?
11.
Who may be participating in your next birthday?
12.
Will you be studying in university 2 years from now?
13.
What will you be doing tomorrow between 6 and 8?
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Future
perfect
z
vs.
future perfect continues
Joe wants to save up some money.
He is going to save 100$ a month
from now on. This is February , so
by august which is 6 month from
now, Joe will have saved 600 $ by
august. So, he will have been
saving money for six month.
z completed action in future
A
 Joe will have saved 600 $ by August.
 An on going action in the future ( with duration )
 He will have been saving money for six month.
z
 By 2024,I will have finished English class.
 By 2024 , I will have been learning English for 3 years.
 Anthony won't have arrived by then.
Use with:
by (three o'clock),
by (Friday),
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HOW LONG TO A POINT IN THE FUTURE
(use with action verbs)
 In April, she will have been teaching for twelve years.
 When I get to New York, I will have been travelling for 3 weeks.
 By the time I get promoted, I will have been working here for 5
years.
Use with:
Time , for +time
when + present simple, for+time
by the time + present simple, for + time.
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HOW LONG TO A POINT IN THE FUTURE
(use with stative verbs)
 When we get married, I'll have known Julia for four years.
 By the time I get home, I’ll have been outside for 2 hours.
Use with:
Time , for +time
when + present simple, for+time
by the time + present simple, for + time.
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