TIKTOK APPLICATION AS A MEDIUM FOR SELF-LOVE ADVOCACY
COMMUNICATION
A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Arts and Sciences
Camarines Norte State College
Daet, Camarines Norte
In Partial fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Development Communication
by
Espadilla, Lyka Donalyn D.
Salen, Regie G.
Yanto, Noemy A.
2023
CERTIFICATION AND APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “TIKTOK APPLICATION AS A MEDUIM FOR SELF-LOVE
ADVOCACY COMMUNICATION” was prepared and submitted by LYKA DONALYN
D. ESPADILLA, REGIE G. SALEN and NOEMY A. YANTO in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN DEVELOPMENT
COMMUNICATION have been examined and recommended for Oral Examination.
Thesis Adviser Evaluation/Advisory Committee
REGINE S. BALMACEDA
Chairman
MA. THERESA B. DE PANES
Member
PEARLY BETH C. OGAYON
Member
APPROVAL
Approved by the Panel/Advisory Committee on Oral Examination on Month date, 2023
with the grade of ___________
REGINE S. BALMACEDA
Chairman
MA. THERESA B. DE PANES
Member
PEARLY BETH C. OGAYON
Member
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science
in Development Communication.
JOCELYN E. TRINIDAD, CAS
Dean, CAS
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE
i
APPROVAL SHEET
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iii
ABSTRACT
viii
CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION
1
Objectives of the Study
4
Assumptions of the Study
4
Significance of the study
4
Scope and Limitations
6
Definition of Terms
7
2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
TikTok as a Self-love Advocacy Communication Tool
iii
9
Perceived Influence of TikTok Application
11
Viability of TikTok Application as a advocacy communication medium 14
Theoretical Framework
17
Conceptual Framework
21
3. METHODOLOGY
Research Design
24
Population of the Study
24
Research Instrument
25
Data Collection Procedure
25
Data Analysis Tool
26
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
27
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
44
Findings
46
Conclusion
47
Recommendation
47
iv
LITERATURE CITED
48
APPENDICES
50
A. Nomination of Thesis Evaluation/Advisory Committee
51
B. Application for Outline/Final Oral Defense
52
C. Permission to Conduct Study
53
D. Copy of Research Instrument
54
E. Letter of Request
57
F. Curriculum Vitae
58
v
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Title
Page
1
Nature of TikTok as self-love advocacy communication tool
31
2
Perceived influence of TikTok in the form of engagement
34
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures
Title
Page
1
Theoretical Paradigm
20
2
Conceptual Paradigm
23
vii
ABSTRACT
Title:
Researchers:
TIKTOK APPLICATION AS A MEDIUM FOR SELF-LOVE ADVOCACY
COMMUNICATION
Lyka Donalyn D. Espadilla
Regie G. Salen
Noemy A. Yanto
Degree:
Institution:
Bachelor of Science in Development Communication
Camarines Norte State College
Year:
Adviser:
2023
Regine S. Balmaceda
The purpose of this study is to assess the self-love advocacy communication using
Tiktok as a medium among first-year students of the College of Arts and Sciences at
Camarines Norte State College using the qualitative descriptive survey method through an
online and face-to-face survey. It utilized a qualitative approach in assessing the gathered
data. Six (6) participants were purposively sampled and interviewed over a period of two
weeks.
Through the use of thematic analysis methods, the following were identified: (1)
The students use filters and effects in promoting self-love advocacy videos with the
components of physical self-love because the majority of the students focus on self-care.
(2) In the form of engagement, receiving likes is more impactful to the students than
receiving comments, shares, and views because they develop their self-confidence,
increase their motivation, and also communicate assertively that they express their point of
view in a way that is clear and direct. (3) The students chose the TikTok application
because it is a viable option for promoting self-love advocacy and has a wide range of
audiences. They enhance their speaking skills and develop their creativity with the use of
visual communication in promoting self-love and advocacy communication that they carry
in real life.
Based on the following conclusions, the researchers formulated the following
recommendations: (1) The researchers created a TikTok account that has content on
different types of self-development that is connected to the improvement of students and
that is intended for College of Arts and Sciences students, and the TikTok account may be
turned over to the Association of Development Communication Students Organization,
where they can utilize the account not just for individuals but for the organization for
longevity and sustainability. (2) Future researchers may continue this study to identify
limitations, expand the scope, or further study the TikTok application as a medium for selflove advocacy communication. Moreover, the use of this study as support for future studies
is allowed.
viii
1
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
TikTok was founded in August 2018 by internet company ByteDance, after
purchasing Musical.ly, a similar video sharing application, and transforming into TikTok,
a much more refined application with more advanced algorithms. Nearly three years on,
TikTok has 689 million monthly users worldwide, and over 2 billion downloads total
(Mohsin, 2021). The videos typically reference Gen Z pop culture, like they can share
videos of themselves and their friends dancing, singing, skateboarding, performing
gymnastics, doing comedy routines, or conducting science experiments. If they like a
video, they can create their own version using the same music. Or they can select music
and other sounds from TikTok’s library of clips, or use their own recordings. They can
create “duets” by copying videos and adding their own video beside the original. They can
even record themselves reacting to another user’s video and then share that reaction
(Newport Academy, 2021)
In relation to this current research, the Sustainable Development Goal’s involved
were good health and well-being and quality education. Sustainable Development Goal 3
(SDG 3 or Global Goal 3), regarding "Good Health and Well-being", ensure healthy lives
and promote well-being for all at all ages. Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) is
about Quality Education, "Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote
lifelong learning opportunities for all". Good health and well-being, as well as quality
education, are important because the researchers are promoting and imparting with this
study a healthy life and well-being for all ages as they explore self-love advocacy, ensure
2
inclusive and equitable quality education, and promote lifelong learning opportunities for
all, particularly youth who are now living in a more profound world as they explore the
medium TikTok application as a tool for self-love advocacy communication where the
knowledge and information circulates. Moreover, the researchers have to connect the two
Sustainable Development Goals in a way that students should possess the good health and
well-being where they can be able to meet their academic performances and because of
that they can active or participative during class. So, the quality education will enter to the
aspect. Self-love will connect to good health and well-being and turns to have a quality
education. And by means of the TikTok application, they can start to build educational
facilities to share knowledge, universal literacy, and numeracy. If they can learn to love
themselves, they will feel happier and take better care of themselves. So, when a person
is happy, it is also easy for them to explore and discover new things and study their
interests beyond limitations and out in their ordinary zone to engage more in things that
help them to achieve their ultimate goal, and when they are in good health, they tend to
perform better in a learning environment than those in poor health because they have that
movement that tells them to be fond of themselves and seek their well-being. Overall wellbeing enhances intrinsic motivation, decreases disciplinary problems, increases academic
achievement, improves school satisfaction, and leads to the flourishing of individuals,
communities, and nations (Buecker et al., 2018). Simply put, those who feel better can
learn better.
Communication and advocacy are closely linked: one cannot engage in any form
of advocacy without some communication, and most communications are targeted at
influencing opinions and decisions. This interrelatedness has resulted in the coinage of the
3
term advocacy communication, intersecting both areas. However, TikTok as a social
networking site has well and truly overtaken any other application in terms of inter
communication between a generation (Bucknell Bossen & Kottasz, 2020). The third place
has been established through constant interaction between users on the application via
video sharing, liking, commenting and reposting. An online knowledge community
consists of a group or community “specializing in knowledge sharing and seeking” (Liu et
al., 2016). TikTok, when focused on advocacy exposure, has the ability to operate as an
incredible share space for resources, links, promotions and to organize events when
focused on the right issues.
A survey conducted by Common Sense Media in 2019 saw that 54% of teenagers
sourced their news a “few” times a week via social media (Common Sense Media, 2019).
64% said that they prefer to consumer their news in a visual format either via pictures or
videos (Common Sense Media, 2019). This allows TikTok to become the perfect third
place for younger audiences to be educated on current events and issues occurring in the
world through the knowledge community created on TikTok.
On the other hand, the researchers conducted a preliminary survey to 1st Year
students in the College of Arts and Sciences via Google Form to determine if they are users
of TikTok application and out of 102 respondents, 93.1% or 95 students of CAS has stated
that they are users of this application. Hence, the researchers decided to pursue an
investigation on the 1st year CAS students to determine the TikTok application as a medium
for self-love advocacy communication. 1st year is the chosen respondents because they are
commonly the users of TikTok application.
4
Objectives of the Study
This study aimed to examine the TikTok Application as a medium for self-love
advocacy communication among college students in Camarines Norte State College.
Specifically, the study sought to:
1. to describe the nature of TikTok application as self-love advocacy
communication tool;
2. to determine the perceived influence of TikTok in the form of engagement;
a. likes,
b. comments,
c. share and views and;
3. to assess the viability of TikTok application as an advocacy communication
medium.
Assumptions of the Study
The study focused on the TikTok application as a medium for self-love advocacy
communication. The following assumptions were made:
1. All the 1st year CAS students are using TikTok application.
2. All the 1st year students of CAS have shared their self-love advocacy
communication on TikTok application.
Significance of the Study
According to DiscoverPhDs, the significance of the study is a written statement
that explains why the research is necessary. It is a justification for the importance and its
5
effect on the field of research, its contribution to new knowledge, and how it can benefit
others. Considering the TikTok application that the respondents use and how it may lead
to a medium for self-love advocacy communication.
This research study intents to figure out the the TikTok app as medium for selflove advocacy communication in 1st year CAS students. The findings of the study will be
redounded to the benefit of the following.
Students – the outcome of the study will provide information on the influence of
TikTok application as their medium for self-love advocacy communication, enabling them
to regulate the extent of their TikTok application engagement.
Parents and Guardians – this study will educate parents and guardians on the
resources that they may require to support their children's self-confidence in relation to
how TikTok has influenced the development of their communication through advocacy.
Future Researchers – being a learner for this type of topic is difficult for aspiring
development communicators, such as researchers. As a result, this study will be the one
to guide them in the development of key researchers regarding the nature of this study.
Additionally, this study is associated to Camarines Norte State College Research
Agenda number nine, which is information and communication technology, which will
help the CNSC CAS students find inspiration for their own self-love. According to
Clement (2020), in more than a decade, the impact of social media has gone from being a
fun addition to being a completely integrated portion of almost every aspect of life.
Bhamare (2020) added that the emerge of social media has created a new venue for
facilitating daily information and communication needed. Living in the 21st century,
6
digital devices have apparently made our lives easy, wherein we use different social media
platforms to communicate effectively. The influence of social media is such that by 2023,
the number of global users is projected to exceed some 3.43 billion monthly users, around
a third of the total population of the planet. (Chavez et al., 2020). Therefore, the TikTok
application brought about by information and communication technology is utilized to
seek and connect for more learning that will enable them to create patterns in introducing
the TikTok application as a medium for self-love advocacy communication.
Scope and Limitation
Two components of a research paper are the scope and limitation of the research,
which tells the reader what information is used in the research and explains why the
author/s chose that information. Although scope and limitation clarify the restricted nature
of a report, this data adds credibility to science (Refugio, 2018). This addresses the study's
scope and determines the process limitations. Furthermore, this also addresses what the
researchers do not want to do.
This study concentrates to the TikTok application as medium for self-love advocacy
communication in 1st year CAS students. To obtain the necessary information to achieve
the research objectives, the researchers prepared interview questionnaires. First, describing
the nature of TikTok application as self-love advocacy communication tool. Second,
determine the perceived influence of TikTok application in the form of engagement, likes,
comments, share and views. Third, assess the viability of TikTok application as an
advocacy communication medium. In Camarines Norte State College, mainly 1st year CAS
students from different courses, will be the chosen respondents for this study.
7
The limitation, according to Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, is the boundary or limits
of the study. As stated, the respondents of this study will only be 1st year CAS students in
Camarines Norte State College main campus with at least 3 self-love advocacy
communication uploaded content on TikTok application. The respondents were selected
through purposive sampling where the population of interest is studied.
It was done when the target group was of manageable size. In this way, it allows
the researcher to gather valid and reliable information that reduces guesswork because they
have mastery and thus, can provide sufficient information beneficial to achieve the
objectives. It eliminates the risk of biased sample selection. Also, the study does not cover
other communication advocacy which are connected and acquired with the usage of
TikTok application as tool.
Definition of Terms
An alphabetical list of significant terms or acronyms that they identify, particularly
used terms (Harvard Extension School, n.d.). Definition of terms makes it easy to
understand vague definitions of words that can otherwise be interpreted in various ways,
these words should be clearly defined according to how they are used in the study (Thesis
Notes, 2009).
Advocacy Communication – in this study this term refers to focuses on influencing
specific audiences by means of uploading self-love advocacy on tiktok application that
inspire people/viewers.
TikTok – known in China as Douyin, is a short-form video hosting service owned
by Chinese company Byte Dance. It hosts a variety of short-form user videos, from genres
8
like pranks, stunts, tricks, jokes, dance, and entertainment with durations from 15 seconds
to ten minutes.
Students – this term pertains to a person or user of TikTok application in
Camarines Norte State College-College of Arts and Sciences who shares their self-love
videos which tends to give learnings and inspiration to viewers.
Self-love – this term refers to a state giving self-appreciation for one’s self, giving
oneself a full of attention, focusing on self-care, self-growth, self-improvements, boosting
own confidence, possessing self-appreciation, showing self-portrayal enjoying healthy
living and well-being.
9
Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presented a review of related literature and studies relevant to the
present research done through the analysis of published materials on the internet. This
review came from different sources such as e-books, thesis, dissertation, journals, news,
and other materials, which are used as a source of related literature and related studies.
And this also presents the synthesis of different theories that evolved through time to
explain why applications suddenly gain a massive user base, theoretical framework,
theoretical paradigm, conceptual framework, and conceptual paradigm of the study.
TikTok as a Self-love Advocacy Communication Tool
TikTok has been conceptualized as a highly unique video-based social media
application with distinct technical structures and unparalleled user adoption unlike any
other platform, thereby making it a specific online network wherein imitation and memetic
features further accelerate its diverse user interactivity (Zulli & Zulli, 2020). That massive
popularity of the TikTok application and using different hashtags for different content has
affected a greater percentage of our generation today, especially students. The hashtag
system classifies messages, improves searchability, and allows the organization to link
messages to existing knowledge and action communities. Briefly put, hashtags can lead
to the formation of ad hoc publics (Bruns & Burgess, 2011) of networks that develop
around the hashtag. The use of hashtags is powerful because it is participatory. By using
social media, particularly the TikTok application, in various ways of communication, it
helps to create opportunities to interact with other people easily by sharing knowledge,
10
particularly about self-love. To communicate well is to understand, and be understood
(Bequiri, 2017).
TikTok offers a variety of features, such as Video Recording and Uploading, Video
Editing, Filters and Effects, TikTok Sounds, Voiceover, live video streaming, Duet, Stitch,
and video replies. Voiceover allows users to add narration to pre-recorded videos, while
live video streaming allows users to interact in real-time. Duet lets users create a Duet
video with another user's content, which can be performed together. Stitch allows users to
stitch their video with another user's video, which will play after the original video. Video
Reply allows users to create a video responding to a specific comment, which is a great
way to answer questions, clear up any doubts, follow requests, or share opinions. The
"sounds" button which the most important feature of TikTok video directs users to a music
selection page, where music of different lengths, genres, and types is provided and sorted.
The beauty mode is a filter that softens a user's skin, covers up blemishes, brightens up the
skin tone, etc. Filters are a layer of coloring that users can add to their image or video.
Effects in TikTok provide different variations, animations, or elements users can add to
their videos, such as distortion of one's face, decorations on the videos, or even games one
can play while recording videos. Most effects have high definition and are interesting to
play around with.
Furthermore, social media particularly TikTok application continues to change
how advocacy organizations mobilize, educate, and connect with their constituents. One
of the most unique yet understudied tools available on social media platforms is the
hashtag. The study of Saxton et al. (2015) #AdvocatingForChange: The Strategic Use of
11
Hashtags in Social Media Advocacy examined hashtag use by the 105 members of the
National Health Council, a national US-based patient/health advocacy coalition.
Likewise, hashtags that educate the public, communicate core organizational values and
goals, and engage the audience into action or dialogue are more likely to be shared with
others. An organization that wants to become active in advocacy efforts must remember
that social media platforms are interconnected, thus hashtag usage must be reviewed on
all potential platforms to avoid potential communication blunders.
Moreover, self-love has not been regarded as an appropriate research topic. Selflove is an important aspect of human life with personal and moral significance. It enhances
health and longevity, prompting individuals to strive for their own good and perfection
(Rocha and Ghoshal, 2006; Gebauer et al., 2012). Meanwhile, the study of Xue, et al.
(2021) A Qualitative Exploration of Chinese Self-Love revealed three important aspects
of the Chinese understanding of self-love: (1) self-love has four dimensions: self, family,
others, and society; (2) it comprises five components: self-cherishing, self-acceptance,
self-restraint, self-responsibility, and self-persistence; and (3) the five components of selflove are linked together to form a stable personality structure.
Perceived Influence of TikTok application
TikTok is one of the various social networking sites that are available nowadays.
It is a social media network that boasts 800 million active members globally since its
introduction in 2016. From the study of Putro et al., (2022) stated that communication on
social media is classified as Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) since the
interaction does not occur directly. Dilon (2021) revealed that TikTok is like other social
media platforms, has its share of influencers, and the 15-second video format attracts what
12
is known as meme machines. Influencers who make money off of views, likes, comments,
and shares are known as meme machines. When someone who is influenced by the
application is pleased with how viewers react by commenting or liking the published
TikTok, it is reported.
In addition, Yang (2020), when viewers “like'' a video on TikTok, they are
expressing their enthusiasm for the content, and if they leave a remark, they are expressing
their desire to connect and enhance one another’s videos. Also, the study of Ngilangil
(2022) TikTok on SNSU Students: Engagement and Influence revealed that most SNSU
students do watch TikTok videos regularly and they were influenced by the content, video
quality, and music. Likewise, their engagement on TikTok was very influential, especially
since they were entertained, and even take action in commenting and reacting on
someone’s TikTok.
Meanwhile, TikTok is a reflection of youth culture. User profiles, followers,
customizable usernames, user-generated material, and user engagement (e.g., likes,
comments, and features like "duets" that allow one to duplicate and interact with others'
content) are all characteristics that it shares with other social media sites. These likes and
comments in TikTok are important ways to communicate and support the uploader of the
videos. Such supportive communication via verbal and nonverbal messages was designed
to provide assistance to individuals in need, and as such applies to an online
communication situation. Genuine or honestly grateful and supporting comments on
TikTok help users connect with others who share similar interests and experiences,
making them feel less alone and that many others can relate to them. As such it helps ease
and overcome social appearance anxiety. Studies have shown that the use of social media
13
apps like Tiktok causes anxiety in some users, particularly adolescents. Because of their
needs for identity formation and social contact, adolescent groups are more active on the
app. According to certain studies, TikTok users' motivations are linked to self-expression
and user satisfaction. Tiktok has evolved into a platform for young people to express
themselves in a variety of ways, ranging from lip sync videos to wild dance routines. The
platform's culture and structure encourage users to imitate one another and participate in
trending topics.
While TikTok may be entertaining to the young, there are also other positive and
negative effects. According to Fund (2021), TikTok can be the voice of many people’s
opinions in the real world, like how it was influential during the Trump rally boycott
campaign in Oklahoma. But Fund also observed that negatively, TikTok is highly
addictive, and many users, especially teens, spend hours on it daily and it has become a
serious distraction to students. In the blog of Smart Social (2022) Negative Impact of
TikTok on Teens revealed that since the application boasts an “endless stream” of material,
students are likely to spend a long time in the application and might even become addicted
to watching the videos for hours at a time. According to Abdushev (2021), one of the
positive effects of TikTok is gain of knowledge. People share their knowledge about dailylife, such as cooking, creating art and music. Many users on Tiktok tend to spread
positivity and awareness about important topics, such as self-love. But he also recognized
that one of the negative effects of TikTok is how time consuming the application is. Users
may spend hours scrolling through the “for you page”, forgetting about real life. It is
having the tendency to self-isolation. People feel more comfortable to communicate
through social media than real life.
14
Viability of TikTok Application as Advocacy Communication Medium
Singh (2017) stated that advocacy is all about influencing and driving change.
And this will happen only through effective, consistent and focused communication.
Developing a good advocacy communications strategy will help one plan and manage
work efficiently targeting the people who have the power to make the changes one wants
to see. It not only increases awareness of the issue; it allows for consistent communication
within the organization. Advocacy represents the strategies devised, actions taken and
solutions proposed for influencing policy, laws, regulations, programs, or funding—
decisions made at the uppermost levels of public or private sector or community (Buckley
2019).
Stowe (2022) each social platform offers unique tools to reach your audience.
Using social media as an advocacy tool is most effective when you know what each
platform offers and how to take advantage of it. Social media also allows you to develop
relationships with members of the media since it gives you easy access to journalists, TV
stations, local influencers, industry leaders, and more.
The positive impacts on self-esteem can occur through interactions via social
media if adolescents feel a sense of connectedness and support, but some experiences
online may have a negative impact on self-esteem. The negative impact of self-esteem is
not always cause by cyberbullying or a negative comment. When a person does not receive
the expected or desired feedback or feels a sense of pressure to perform or post content,
the right content for ‘friends’, this pressure or stress can cause anxiety and will probably
negatively effect on self-esteem (Social Media and Self Esteem, 2020).
15
TikTok application is very widely used by users, especially students, to upload
related daily activities. According to the study of Zaitun et al. (2021) about TikTok as a
Media to Enhancing the Speaking Skills of EFL Student’s revealed that the TikTok
application with the use of appropriate methods and techniques can be used as an
interactive learning medium that can improve students' speaking ability. With the various
features of the TikTok application, it can be implicated in learning English so that students
can use the application in a positive direction. As Gupta and Bashir stated, there were four
main purposes for using social media applications, which are entertainment, socialization,
informativeness and academic (Yang, 2020). Hence, the study of Pratiwi et al. (2021)
Utilizing TikTok Application as Media for Learning English Pronunciation revealed that
the use of the TikTok application is very influential because this application is useful and
provides benefits because it makes learning easy and fun, they can watch interesting
videos, do business, and they can also find out what is happening in this world easily by
using this TikTok application. Additionally, TikTok application can be used as a medium
for pronunciation learning in English because it has many benefits and is effective in
helping students and teachers in teaching and learning activities in the 20th century.
The above-mentioned studies have similarities as well as differences with the
current research. Previous and present researches would differ in terms of the main focus
of study, scope and limitations, problem stated, and other aspect of other existing studies
that are all connected and directed towards knowing and concluding TikTok application
as a medium for self-love advocacy communication.
Bowen et al., and Saxton et al. studies are similar to the present study in terms of
the subject which is the advocacy through social media. While Simrin and Ngilangil
16
studies are similar to the present study in terms of the topic which is the perceived
influence of TikTok Applications. And Xue, et al. studies are similar to the present study
in terms of the topic which is the Self-love. Meanwhile, Pratiwi et al. and Zaitun et al.
studies are similar to the objective of the study which is to assess the viability of TikTok
Application. The present study differs from the above mentioned in terms of scope. The
present study is focused only on 1st year CAS students in Camarines Norte State College.
To bridge the gap, all of the related studies bear significant similarities with the
current study as they showed the nature of TikTok application and as a medium for
advocacy communication campaign as well as its perceived influences. However, the
studies do not reveal the significance of it to the 1st year CAS students in Camarines Norte
State College who is advocating for self-love though the use of TikTok application.
17
Theoretical Framework
The backbone of this study is guided by Uses and Gratifications Theory. This
concept is selected for its potential relevance to TikTok application as a medium for selflove advocacy communication among college students.
Uses and gratifications was first introduced in the 1940s as scholars began to study
why people choose to consume various forms of media. For the next few decades, uses
and gratifications research mostly focused on the gratification’s media users sought. Then,
in the 1970s, researchers turned their attention to the outcomes of media use and the social
and psychological needs that media gratified. Today, the theory is often credited to Jay
Blumler, Gurevitch and Elihu Katz’s work in 1974. As media technologies continue to
proliferate, research on uses and gratifications theory is more important than ever for
understanding people’s motivations for choosing media and the gratifications they get out
of it.
Uses and gratifications theory relies on two principles about media users. First, it
characterizes media users as active in their selection of the media they consume. From
this perspective, people don’t use media passively. They are engaged and motivated in
their media selections. Second, people are aware of their reasons for selecting different
media options. They rely on their knowledge of their motivations to make media choices
that will help them meet their specific wants and needs. Uses and gratifications theory
takes a more humanistic approach to looking at media use. Blumler, Katz and Gurevitch
believed that there is not merely one way that the populace uses media. Instead, they
believed there are as many reasons for using the media, as there are media users.
According to the theory, media consumers have a free will to decide how they will use the
18
media and how it will affect them. Blumler, Katz and Gurevitch values are clearly seen
by the fact that they believe that media consumers can choose the influence media has on
them as well as the idea that users choose media alternatives merely as a means to an end.
Uses and gratification is the optimist’s view of the media. The theory takes out the
possibility that the media can have an unconscious influence over our lives and how we
view the world. The idea that we simply use the media to satisfy a given need does not
seem to fully recognize the power of the media in today’s society.
The primary objective of Uses and Gratification Theory is to clarify the causes
why people choose a specific type of medium with a view to improving the understanding
of social and individual gratifications and also to explain users’ motives when interacting
with a media. It is used to define students’ ‘beliefs and evaluations’ of TikTok application
as a medium for self-love advocacy communication. According to a 1974 study by
Blumler, Katz and Gurevitch, students may use a given media to satisfy their Cognitive,
Affective, Personal Integrative, Social Integrative and Entertainment needs (Hamilton,
1998). This concept proposes that TikTok application as a medium for self-love advocacy
communication possess attributes that are likely to satisfy user needs, Information
seeking, self-presentation, social shaping and social interaction. The uses and gratification
theory theoretical Framework (Figure 1) attempt to explain perceived influence of using
TikTok in the form of engagement, likes, comments, share and views.
Uses and gratifications theory is relevant to social media because of its origins in
the communications literature. Social media is a communication mechanism that allows
users to communicate with thousands, and perhaps billions, of individuals all over the
world (Williams et al., 2012). The basic premise of uses and gratifications theory is that
19
individuals will seek out media among competitors that fulfills their needs and leads to
ultimate gratifications (Lariscy et al., 2011). While widely used in other disciplines, uses
and gratifications theory can also be relevant in helping to explain social media uses.
Wigmore (2014) according to her definition the Proteus effect is the tendency for
people to be affected by their digital representations, such as avatars, dating site profiles
and social networking personas. Typically, people's behavior shifts in accordance with
their digital representatives. For example, in a video game, someone who creates an avatar
based on a Viking warrior is likely to act more boldly within the game.
The capacity of the Proteus effect is being explored for therapeutic applications
including behavioral modification, phobia desensitization and personal empowerment,
among other possibilities. In Greek mythology, Proteus was sometimes known as the god
of elusive sea change because he transformed himself to evade capture. From Proteus we
get the adjective protean, meaning adaptable, versatile or capable of taking many forms.
By applying uses and gratifications theory and proteus effect, this research seeks
to provide a better and more comprehensive understanding of why consumers use social
media. In relation to the study’s research objectives, this theory is an approach to
understanding why and how students actively seek out specific media to satisfy specific
needs and how the users act base from their digital experience to offline world, their
portrayal from online world using the TikTok application and how they act in the real
world setting or in the society where they belong. This theory asserts that students are
active TikTok media users who are motivated to select self-love advocacy communication
to gratify their specific needs.
20
Self-regulatory learning
Uses and Gratification Expectancy
Social media platform as a medium
for advocacy communication
Proteus effect to the college students
Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm of the Study
21
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework is a pattern that showed the concepts of the study. As
shown in Figure 2, the conceptual model demonstrates the roadmap of the TikTok
application as a medium for self-love advocacy communication. It is used by college
TikTok users in a way that they can see this as a medium for self-love advocacy, student
users which is the content creator of the videos that they can post on the particular
application with different features will be able to voice out and share their knowledge,
skills and talents when it comes to self-love to influence the viewers.
TikTok is a typical user-generated content platform (UGC), where content is
produced by users, rather than the company. Accessible via mobile phone, the application
allows users to create short lip-sync, dancing, gaming, DIY, food videos, etc., in 3 to 15
seconds or 3 to 60 seconds. Other than video production, users engage in TikTok by
viewing, sharing, and commenting on videos created by other users. Among various
interaction of users, memes, the remix and reinterpretation of catchphrases, storylines, and
songs, and other formulaic elements, were often used to reflect user’s thoughts and culture,
which is similar to the meme practiced discussed by Ryan Miller in other social media
platforms (2018).
Relying on uses and gratifications theory, using social media defined to
communicate and interact with others because it was narrower than interpersonal utility
but broader than companionship. The theory also defined as using social media to seek
out information or to self-educate as how consumers use the web for self-education and
information particularly about self-love. Additionally, using TikTok application defined
as communicatory utility because it helps facilitate communication by providing
22
information to share with others instead of providing social interaction as a tool for selflove advocacy communication.
This concept suggested that the first-year students TikTok content creators of
Camarines Norte State College- College of Arts and Sciences can create videos with
different features which will be the output for self-love advocacy communication and by
using TikTok application as a medium, we can see the perceived influence of TikTok
application in self-love advocacy of the students and there will be having a self-regulatory
learning which how students become masters of their own learning processes. In
connection to this concept, we will be able to determine nature of using the TikTok
application as self-love advocacy communication tools, determine the perceived influence
of using TikTok application in the form of engagement, likes, shares, comments and
views, and assess the viability of TikTok application as an advocacy communication
medium.
23
Information
Seeking
Socializing
Entertainment
Intention to share
TikTok platform as a medium for
advocacy communication
Digital to offline
behavior
Figure 2. Conceptual Paradigm of the Study
24
Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter present the research design of the study, the subject of the study, the
procedure that was followed in gathering the necessary data.
Research Design
The researchers used qualitative research; this study utilized a descriptive research
design. Calderon (2006), defined descriptive research as a purposive process of gathering,
analyzing, classifying, and tabulating data about prevailing conditions, practices,
processes, trends, and cause-effect relationships and then making adequate and accurate
interpretation about such data with or without or sometimes minimal aid of statistical
methods. Also, this method ascertains prevailing conditions of facts in a group under study
that gives either qualitative or quantitative, or both, descriptions of the general
characteristics of the group as results.
The study identified the nature of TikTok application, the perceived influence in
the form of engagement and determine the viability of TikTok application as an advocacy
communication medium. Additionally, the researchers conducted interviews to gather
data for this study.
Population of the Study
The subject of the present study are six (6) 1st year students of College of Arts and
Sciences. In choosing the participants, the researchers set a criterion that students should
have a TikTok account, and they promoted self-love advocacy with the use of hashtags
with at least 3 videos.
25
Research Instrument
The main tool utilized for data collection was a semi-structured questionnaire that
involved an interview guide specifically designed to suit the convenience of the respective
respondents. The interview guide comprehensively covered the TikTok application as a
medium for self-love advocacy communication in 1st year students of College of Arts and
Sciences. Through the employment of this method, the researchers were able to obtain
valuable insights and perspectives from the participants, which helped them to develop a
deeper understanding of the impact of the TikTok as a medium for promoting self-love
advocacy communication.
Data Collection Procedure
Data gathering procedures enabled the researchers to describe the TikTok
application as a medium for self-love advocacy communication in 1st year students of
College of Arts and Sciences at Camarines Norte State College. The researchers used a
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) technique to gain an in-depth understanding about the
TikTok application as a medium for self-love advocacy communication and obtain data
from a purposely selected group of participants sample of a broader population. To
proceed with the data gathering, the researchers obtained a letter of request asking for
permission to conduct the study. The letter was forwarded to Dean of College of Arts and
Sciences. To initiate the interview, the researchers went to College of Arts Department to
conduct interview questions. The researchers read the letter of permission to the college
students. The researcher then personally asked the questions in the questionnaire to each
respondent to obtain the required information for the study. The use of an interview
instrument was necessary to achieve the study's objectives, and the researcher ensured that
26
all data gathered was kept confidential. The researchers took notes for better transcription.
All the interviews were audio taped for precision and easier transcription with the
participants’ permissions. The first part was consisted of the interview questions
concerning (a) nature of TikTok application as a self-love advocacy communication tool,
(b) perceived influence of TikTok application in the form of engagements such as; (i) like,
(ii) comment, (iii) share and views, (c) viability of TikTok as an advocacy communication
medium with a sub-question were applied regards to the objectives of the study.
Tools for Data Analysis
The data collected, was then transcribed and categorized based on the answers of
the participants. Relevant themes were then developed from the transcriptions. The
researchers will use thematic analysis, a method for analyzing qualitative data that entails
searching across a data set to identify, analyze and report repeated patterns (Braun and
Clarke 2006). It is a method for describing data, usually applied to set of texts, such as an
interview or transcripts, but it also involves interpretation in the processes of selecting
codes and generating themes. Thematic analysis has 6 steps; Step 1: data familiarizing,
Step 2: generating initial codes, Step 3: identifying potential themes, Step 4: reviewing
themes, Step 5: naming and defining themes and Step 6:
THEME
QUALITATIVE
DATA
CODES
CATEGORIES
THEME
THEME
Figure 3. Thematic Analysis Process
27
Chapter IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
This chapter contains the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of qualitative
data gathered by the researchers through interview questions.
The results of the study were analyzed using thematic analysis. The themes were
determined through the process of coding. A technique for assessing qualitative data
called thematic analysis involves looking through data collection patterns (Braun and
Clarke, 2006). It is a technique for summarizing data, but when choosing codes and
creating themes, it also involves interpretation. The six (6) college students shared their
experiences and knowledge about their self-love advocacy communication videos through
the use of the TikTok application as a medium.
The analyses were presented in a table form to provide a better understanding of
the following objectives: (1) the nature of TikTok application as a self-love advocacy
communication tool; (2) the perceived influence of TikTok in the form of engagement;
likes, comments, share, and views; and (3) the viability of TikTok application as an
advocacy communication medium.
Nature of TikTok application as self-love advocacy communication tool
Table 1 shows the nature of TikTok as a self-love advocacy tool based on the
knowledge and experiences of six 1st-year CAS students who uploaded self-love content
to TikTok. The participants used four communication elements: visual, written, textual,
and listening. They also employed certain kinds of content, such as lip-syncing, dancing,
28
duets, and transformation. Three concepts of self-love emerged from the different views
of the participants regarding how they defined self-love: mental, physical, emotional, or
intellectual. When the TikTok application features are described, such as video editing
tools (CapCut), filters and effects, duets, and background music, those features can be
used in the self-love advocacy communication content.
Upon the analysis of the responses of the six participants the following themes are
identified as nature of TikTok application as self-love advocacy communication tool:
Table 1. Nature of TikTok application as self-love advocacy communication tool
Sub-Code
Code
Theme
Focusing on positivity by lip sync and dancing
with filters and effects to feel more
comfortable using visual communication and
listening
Selfdiscipline
Mental self-love
Self-care
Physical self-love
Taking care of oneself by getting enough
sleep.
Loving oneself by eating healthy foods
Taking care of oneself by getting enough
sleep and using skin care products
Setting boundaries to freely express oneself
through visual communication on TikTok
while using video editing tools and Capcut
Making oneself presentable by utilizing filters
and effects of TikTok to boost confidence
through the textual and musical presentation
of communication
Providing needs shown through a
transformation in TikTok while using video
29
editing tools for satisfaction employs visual
communication
Prioritizing learning and success by requiring
me to spend time using video editing tools
(capcut) and filters and effects for creative
expression
Selfpersistence
Accepting flaws through TikTok lip-syncing
and applying filters and effects to make
discoveries and develop oneself using written
and visual communication in content.
Self-esteem
Value feelings by dancing and doing dub
smash using filters and effects on TikTok to
gain
confidence
through
visual
communication
Selfawareness
Emotional/Intellectual
self-love
Physical self-love
The participants doing self-care by appreciating their bodies with simple rituals
for self-love and wellness: to love themselves, take care of themselves by eating healthy
foods, getting enough sleep, and using skin care products, set boundaries, make
themselves presentable, provide for their needs—all ways to use visual communication to
express themselves. To support these findings, the following was the actual statement
given by the first participant:
“Loving and taking care of myself by focusing on positivity, eating healthy
foods, and following an everyday routine of skin care.”
It was further confirmed by the fifth participant by saying,
“Making oneself presentable by utilizing filters and effects of TikTok to
boost confidence through the textual and musical presentation of communication.”
30
Additionally, the participants promoting physical self-love is expressed through lipsynching, dancing, dub smashing, and transforming before and after with the use of filters
and effects, background music, and editing tools in their contents to gain more confidence,
express themselves, and make self-improvement and discoveries. Moreover, even if they
use filters and effects in their content, it is because through these features they can show
the self-love they have for themselves, which is a form of love and is seen as something of
value and respect. Meanwhile, among the generated themes, the most common concept of
self-love for the participants was physical self-love which almost all the answers of the
participants are about physical self-love, like how they take care of their physical
appearance and choose to be more presentable in terms of clothing. Physical self-love,
according to Reeves (2019), is learning to love your physical appearance even if you do
not fit into societal standards.
Emotional self-love
The researchers categorized the responses of the participants as emotional self-love
through the aspect of self-persistence, self-esteem and self-awareness. The indicators of
emotional self-love are prioritizing learning and success to spend ‘me time’, accepting
flaws to develop oneself and value feelings.
Participant 2 disclosed that they practice emotional self-love in a way of prioritizing
the learning and success before getting into any kind of relationship.
“For me, self-love is prioritizing myself, especially my learning and success before
getting into a relationship.”
31
The participants practicing emotional self-love means recognizing and prioritizing
themselves and to learn more way on how to embrace and control their emotions. The
participants spending ‘me time’ that maintain their health, happiness and productivity. In
addition, the participants stated that they don’t neglect their own emotional needs for the
sake of others by valuing their feelings and accepting their flaws and imperfections.
By promoting self-love advocacy communication videos in TikTok application, the
participants use video editing tools and filters and effects to gain more confidence and for
creative expression of themselves.
According to Jeffrey Borenstein, M.D., President and CEO of the Brain & Behavior
Research Foundation, emotional self-love involves accepting emotions for what they are
and putting emotional well-being first. Participants express emotional self-love by
accepting flaws and valuing feelings.
Mental/Intellectual self-love
The researchers categorized the responses of the participants as mental self-love
through the aspect of self-discipline. The indicators of mental self-love are by focusing on
positivity using visual communication and listening and taking care of oneself by getting
enough sleep.
Participant 1 disclosed that giving mental self-love in a way of " Loving and taking
care of myself by focusing on positivity by lip-sync and dancing with the use of filters and
effects to add impact on my self-love videos and enhance my skin color to feel more
comfortable using visual communication and listening."
32
The response indicated that showing of self-love through the specific features of
TikTok application is more comfortable that enable oneself in creating content more
efficient. The content will be delivered in a good manner by the help of TikTok features.
Participant 3 stated that " taking care of myself by getting enough sleep". This
means that the participant showing self-love in the way if getting enough rest that will
enable to mentally healthy. This is one of the ways of taking care of oneself.
Xiaobo (2014) revealed that mental quality is an important foundation for
maintaining a healthy state of mind, or a state of mental health. Conversely, a healthy state
of mind is also a basic condition for nurturing sound mental qualities. The person should
possess the normal capacity for cognition, be capable of reflecting on external matters
objectively, and make correct judgments and reason deductively. The person must have a
stable and generally optimistic mood and outlook, and healthy and positive sentiments or
feelings. In addition, person must have normal behavioral reflexes and a strength of will
and determination, as well as a relatively strong ability to withstand and endure setbacks.
Moreover, the person must have normal capacity for interacting with and relating to other
people; he or she must be able to get along with the people around him congenially and
maintain good interpersonal relationships. The person must have a correct sense of himself
and be realistically and honestly self-critical while maintaining an appropriate measure of
self-respect and confidence in himself.
Thus, Blumler et al. (1974) proposed the uses and gratification theory, which states
that different people can use the same communication message for different purposes.
Putro et al. (2022) stated that communication on social media is classified as computer-
33
mediated communication (CMC). This research can enrich the study of uses and
gratification theory, computer-mediated communication, and advocacy communication
tools. Self-love campaigns are equally important as bullying campaigns (Self-Love
Campaigns | Voices of Youth, 2018), and by using TikTok features in the advocacy video,
students can express everything they want, become active listeners, gain more confidence,
notice non-verbal cues, and practice oral communication. Although everything is about
self-love, self-love is a complex concept that can vary depending on the age, course, and
personality of participants.
Sociologist Ray Oldenburg proposed the idea of a "third place" in which the
"unrelated can relate" (Riggs, 2020, para. 3). With the increasing prevalence of social
media in everyday life, online places can also be referred to as "third places". This includes
the nature of TikTok as a self-love advocacy communication tool and creating a sense of
community and belonging for self-love advocates. Participants communicate in the
TikTok world by combining music and images to produce creative self-love content. The
TikTok application is a social network dedicated to short videos that have become a very
good communication tool for advocacy. Additionally, students can use hashtags to
encourage their use and thus expand their promotion. Using the TikTok application
enhances students' proficiency in speaking as they do duets, lip syncs, and dub smashing.
Previous research has also proven that students felt confident in speaking English by
utilizing TikTok (Salsabia et al., 2021; Zaitun et al., 2021).
Interview data indicates the existence of the proteus effect when asked if they
gained more confidence after using the face filter. All participants reported feeling
34
confident after using the facial filter. An indication of a stronger effect over longer periods
of time is also seen when asking about their experience of change when using TikTok
application. As the participants begin to expand their digital space and spend more time as
TikTokeers, they can almost customize their personalities and define a whole new virtual
them, unlike in real life, as the majority of the participants gain more confidence in TikTok
than they would in real life. The compliments that participants received when it came to
clothing creativity can impact behavior. In addition, when thinking about the proteus effect,
the researchers found out that shy participants could utilize different TikTok filters and
effects in order to try to embrace a more confident digital persona, or participants with
insecurities who wanted to showcase their talents in person could alter the TikTok
application as a platform where they could perform their talents freely, which they felt
more comfortable with. The Proteus effect describes how a virtual presentation of self
affects a person's cognitions and behavior in the physical world as well as in the virtual
(Fox, Bailenson, & Tricase, 2023; Yee & Bailenson, 2007; Yee, Bailenson, &
Ducheneaunt, 2009).
Perceived influence in the form of engagement
The six (6) participants composed of 1st year students in the College of Arts and
Sciences completed the interview. Table 2 shows the perceived influence of likes,
comments, shares, and views in promoting self-love advocacy communication in the
TikTok application.
35
Table 2. Factors Influencing the Engagement of Students
Perceived
influence
Positive
impact
Indicator
Likes
Boost selfesteem
Motivation
Encouragement
Students
encourage to do
more self-love
videos when
people like their
self-love
advocacy
Developed
effective
feedback
Communicate
assertively
Students
developed
effective
feedback with
their followers
through
exchanging
compliments
Build
interpersonal
relationship
Negative
impact
Difficulty to
upload another
self-love
videos
Shares/Views
The participants
use the number of
shares and views
to inspire their
followers to
practice self-love
as well
Other students
are discouraged
because of the
bad comments
Discouraged
Became lazy
Comments
Students are
lazy to upload
other content
when it has low
engagement
Some students
exposed their
difficulty in
continuing to make
more self-love
content
36
In the form of likes
Positive experience- Responses indicate the students who participated in the study
increased their motivation and appreciation for themselves when they received likes on
their self-love videos. Also, receiving likes makes them happy, which leads them to create
more self-love content that may influence viewers. In addition, the number of likes on
their videos increases their self-confidence that they set realistic expectations and goals in
making self-love content, and they also communicate assertively, which means expressing
their point of view in a way that is clear and direct while still respecting others.
“I feel appreciated when people like my self-love content, and I continue to do
more videos considering that likes are a plus factor to my self-confidence.”
(Participant 3)
This implies that the participants had a positive experience in receiving likes in
terms of promoting self-love advocacy communication through a video where they
developed motivation, appreciation, encouragement, and self-confidence. Students also
find it fulfilling when people like their self-love videos and through this positive
experience, the participants find many opportunities to enrich their well-being in terms of
their intellectual development. An active and open mind leads to a life filled with passion
and purpose. This dimension of well-being—engaging in creative and stimulating
activities is ideal, helping to keep their mind sharp and their brain healthy and happy.
Negative experience- Some participants noted that receiving a low number of
likes hinders them to upload self-love videos considering that they are discouraged to
create more, and it was noted as a disadvantage.
37
“I feel discouraged when my self-love videos have a low number of likes, and
because of that, I'm too lazy to upload another self-love video.” (Participant 2)
However, the researchers observed that there was a lack of confidence from participant 2
in certain aspects. The student’s negative experience of not getting enough likes when
promoting self-love videos exposed their difficulty in continuing to make more self-love
content. The participants fixating on likes negatively affect their self-esteem and increase
stress and anxiety. In addition, the emotional well-being of students affects how well they
can function day to day or how they can deal with change or uncertainty. And in this case,
the participant’s lack of confidence can be a major barrier to effective communication.
Shyness, difficulty being assertive, or low self-worth can hinder their ability to make their
needs and opinions known, especially when promoting self-love advocacy
communication.
The researchers conclude from the answers of the participants that all participants
have the same response regarding receiving likes considering that kinds of lightweight
affirmations serve as social cues of acceptance and maintain interpersonal relationships
but low self-esteem can affect their ability to communicate effectively with others. Likes
could act as an important resource to boost self-esteem, in particular when we receive
positive social feedback from close friends (Scissors et al, 2016). In the context of the
Tiktok platform, experiencing positive feedback (or lack thereof) in the form of likes is
expected to induce a feeling of in or exclusion and, ultimately, affect one’s self-esteem
and happiness (Baumeister et al., 2003).
38
Indeed, the uses and gratification theory focus on how people use media for their
personal uses and gratification. This theory emphasizes motives and the self-perceived
needs of audience members (Think Insights, 2023).
In the form of comments
Positive experience- Responses indicate the students who participated in the study
properly handled the positive comments by appreciating and interacting with their
followers. In addition, the participants gain self-confidence by receiving good comments
on their self-love advocacy videos, which helps them understand and develop their
communication skills. The comments of their viewers matter to them considering that the
students turn on the comment section since they are open to criticism, and they want to
know the opinion of their viewers for the reason that they use the comment as motivation
to make another self-love video. Moreover, a comment section is a place for them to
communicate by interacting with other followers, and participants approach them nicely
by giving feedback in their compliments.
“I really admire the positive comments, even though my physical appearance is
chubby, in view of the fact that not all chubby is healthy, and still, someone
appreciates me. Because of that, I am motivated to do more self-love content
because it is one of the things that elevates my self-confidence.” (Participant 3)
This is supported by a student’s positive experience of engagement in the form of
comments promoting self-love advocacy.
“I always turn on my comment section because I am open to any kind of criticism,
and I handled this by interacting with my followers and using this as motivation to
create more self-love videos.” (Participant 2)
39
This implies that the participants had a positive experience in receiving comments in terms
of promoting self-love advocacy communication video where they developed selfconfidence, good communication skills, and effective feedback. The participants make
feedback the primary component in the communication process because it allows the
participants to analyze the effect of the message. Also, it helps the participants ensure that
the followers have interpreted the message correctly. In addition, receiving comments
affects the participants’ social well-being that personal connections contribute to a long
and fulfilling life. They nurture relationships with others so that they create healthy
support networks for life. Surrounding themselves with a positive social network increases
their self-esteem, and social wellness enables the participants to encourage
communication, trust, and conflict management. Having good social well-being is critical
to building emotional resilience.
Negative experience- Some participants noted that receiving a negative comment
discouraged them from creating another self-love video considering that they were
affected by the criticism of their viewers, and it was noted as a disadvantage.
“I always consider the positive comments only because when I received negative
feedback from my viewers, I constantly deleted it because I get easily affected by
negative things.” (Participant 1)
The student’s negative experience of receiving comments when promoting self-love
videos exposed their difficulty in handling bad observations from the viewers. It is shown
here that their self-confidence is affected and reduces the quality of the participant’s life
in many different ways, including negative feelings – the constant self-criticism can lead
to persistent feelings of sadness, depression, anxiety, anger, shame, or guilt.
40
Feedback is a result of what they do, sometimes users adjust the feedback they get
to shape their presentation. The researchers conclude from the answers of the participants
that all participants have the same response regarding positive feedback; they feel happy
when they get positive feedback and feel motivated to create other content. Feedback is
deemed a reward or satisfaction as a content creator. When they see positive feedback,
they feel appreciated for the effort they put into creating their best image through TikTok.
In contrast, the participants responded to negative feedback, two out of six participants
perceived it as a reference in improving the content so that they could produce even better
content to get different feedback. However, other participants felt that negative feedback
was discouragement but some of them is not considered important because they thought
it is natural. They do not think too much about negative feedback and focus on what they
share regarding their self-presentation.
Walther (2021) reveals that communication within CMC is a synchronous form,
in which the process does not require attention from the parties in the process. Feedback
is how the response between users can strengthen each other's behavior. The sender forms
an impression according to their wishes, while the receiver responds or interprets the
impression made by the sender through the media.
In the forms of shares and views
Positive experience- Responses indicate the students who participated in the study
increased their motivation, which pushed the participants to promote the self-love
advocacy videos. The participants use the number of shares and views to inspire their
followers to practice self-love as well. In addition, the shares and views are a big help in
advocating self-love because it gets more shares, more views, and more engagement. By
41
doing so, the participants are motivated to think of other self-love content to influence
viewers by appreciating themselves more because it will be facilitated when shares
increase the visibility of their content and can lead to more followers and engagement.
More shares of self-love videos are one of the most notable factors on TikTok.
“I am happy when my self-love videos get shares and views because it has been a
big help to my self-love advocacy. By doing so, I am encouraged to create more
content by showing more confidence in myself to inspire my followers.”
(Participant 6)
This implies that the participants had a positive experience in receiving shares and
views in terms of promoting self-love advocacy communication videos, where they
developed self-awareness and positive thinking. The participant’s vocational well-being
was affected when followers shared and viewed their self-love advocacy videos,
considering that this dimension of well-being focuses on enriching their lives and those
of others by sharing their special gifts, skills, and talents by creating content about the
importance of practicing loving themselves with all their qualities and flaws and working
on themselves to improve their flaws and be a better person. By doing so, the participants
make a positive impact and reap the health benefits of adding purpose to their followers’
lives. By uploading self-love videos often, the participants developed communication
skills through interacting with their followers and it is the ability to communicate
effectively by expressing themselves most convincingly. Additionally, the participants
strengthen interpersonal connections with other people.
42
Negative experience- One of the participants noted that receiving a low number
of shares and views discouraged them from creating other self-love videos, and it was
noted as a disadvantage.
“I was discouraged from creating another piece of self-love content when I
received a low number of shares and views because I got disappointed in myself,
which affected my next upload.” (Participant 5)
The student’s negative experience of receiving a low number of shares and views
when promoting self-love videos exposed their difficulty accepting the current truth about
the TikTok platform. The participants affected their emotional well-being so much that
they decreased their level of happiness by learning, thinking, and being excited about life
in general. It also affects the confidence from social disapproval in the participants.
Social media provides awareness
among society through campaigns,
advertisement articles, and promotions which helps society to be up to date with the
current information. Skaf (2020) revealed that the videos report excellent results in
engagement, that is, they generate more likes, and comments and are shared more times
than the other types of content. For that reason, if you want to get more positive reactions
from your audience, better include them in your content.
Viability of TikTok application as an advocacy communication medium
After interviewing six (6) participants, the viability of the TikTok application was
determined. The participants indicate their experience with why they chose the TikTok
application for advocating self-love.
43
TikTok Viable among social media platforms
From the results of interviews conducted by researchers, there are several reasons
participants make the TikTok application more viable than other social media platforms
for uploading self-love videos such as:
“TikTok is viable among other platforms because there are a lot of TikTok users
nowadays, and I still make friends with other people even though we are not in the same
province. I interact with different people from different places.”
Participant 1 disclosed that the TikTok application is a viable application and most
utilized application for interactions. Participants stated that they meet new people by using
the TikTok application and it’s easy for them to communicate with their followers
especially TikTok allows users to find people they know by syncing their phone contacts
or Facebook friends. This showed that TikTok advocacy content will easily get into
interactions even if they have no mutual friends. In addition, according to participants,
TikTok offers so many features among other social media platforms and this platform is
the best application to promote self-love advocacy. The user has seen that this is the best
application for their content because of the different features given. This implies that the
TikTok application may promote self-love advocacy videos by applying and utilizing the
TikTok features. The participants are using the platform to discuss the campaign for change
and educate their audiences to see themselves and their emotions. This not only enhances
students’ ability to recognize their strengths and limitations which can aid in their education
but also fosters feelings of confidence and self-purpose.
44
Visual Communication
The participants answered that they used the types of communication in promoting
self-love videos to the TikTok application. Participants (1), (2), (4), and (6) responded
that they usually use visual communication in uploading self-love content considering that
their content is mostly lip-synced, pictures of themselves showing their face and whole
body,
“I usually use visual communication in promoting self-love advocacy because my
content is all about transformation, my before and after the transition.” (Participant 6)
Visual elements are crucial in the content creation process. On certain social
media platforms like TikTok, text content simply doesn’t have the same impact as images
and videos. visual communication is important because it attracts attention and boosts
engagements, evokes stronger emotions from your target audience, saves time, as
information is relayed faster and more efficiently, and solidifies brand identity, ensuring
a shared experience and a unified message.
Speaking skills
In particular, the research question “What communication skills you did not have
before developed when you started to use TikTok?” Participants (3), (4), and (6) answered
that they developed speaking skills when they used the TikTok application.
Based on the interview, it turns out that they developed speaking skills by
uploading self-love videos utilizing the TikTok application which helps them to develop
being active in speaking and developed their self-confidence. This is viable among other
platforms for uploading self-love advocacy because there are lots of users nowadays, also
45
users admired TikTok due to these features and this is the way to express their self-love
without hesitation. The participants chose TikTok application because it is a viable option
for promoting self-love advocacy and has a wide range of audiences. They enhance their
speaking skills and develop their creativity with the use of visual communication in
promoting self-love and advocacy communication that they carry in real life.
According to Putro (2021), Communication on social media is classified as
Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC) since the interaction does not occur directly.
TikTok is one of the social media that is widely used for many purposes. By utilizing the
video share feature, users can post everything they want. In its development, social media
has become one of the most frequently used communication tools. Several platforms to
choose from, such as Instagram, TikTok, Twitter, and many more. Nonetheless, there is a
new trend that TikTok is now being used as a means of expressing oneself. The uniqueness
of TikTok has its perks in the communication process that takes place. Shared content
pivots on rather long videos that are broadcasted directly to the user's profile. Unlike other
social media, TikTok allows young people to express themselves without following the
visual style, narrative, and previous online culture using audiovisual options and effects.
46
Chapter V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations
after employing thematic analysis methods in the tabulations of the gathered qualitative
data. The researchers were able to organize the data and analyze to create sub-codes, code,
and themes.
Summary
This study covered the TikTok application as a medium for self-love advocacy
communication in 1st year students of College of Arts and Sciences. The study was
conducted at Camarines Norte State College and the respondents are the 6 students with
3 hashtag self-love videos in their TikTok application.
This study generally aimed to identify the nature of the TikTok application as an
advocacy communication tool and determine the perceived influence in the form of
engagement such as likes, comments, shares, and views, as well as the viability of the
TikTok application as an advocacy communication medium. In order to find out, the
objectives were specified. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the
participants are utilizing filters and effects for creative expression that help them boost
their self-confidence to provide for their needs and meet their satisfactions. Also, a
component of their self-love is physical self-love, which focuses on self-care. The
perceived influence in the form of engagement, likes is more impactful to the participants
in promoting self-love advocacy. Furthermore, the participants chose the TikTok
application because it is a viable option for promoting self-love advocacy and has a wide
47
range of audience. They enhance their speaking skills and develop their creativity with the
use of visual communication to promote self-love advocacy in real life.
Purposive sampling procedure was used in this study to select the respondents.
Interview questions was used to gather the information and data needed. Library research
and internet sites were likewise utilized in this study. The respondents of the study were
six (6) 1st year students of College of Arts and Sciences with 3 hashtag self-love in their
TikTok application at Camarines Norte State College. In analyzing and interpreting the
qualitative data, the researchers applied thematic analysis process to create codes and
themes.
Findings
This study determined and explored the TikTok application as a medium
for self-love advocacy communication of 1st year students of College of Arts and Sciences
at Camarines Norte State College. Based on the results, the study revealed the following
findings.
1. The researchers found out that the nature of TikTok application as a self-love
advocacy communication tool has to do with the participants, resulting in three
components of self-love: mental or intellectual self-love, physical self-love, and
emotional self-love. However, among the generated themes, the most common
concept of self-love for the participants was physical self-love. The participants
doing self-care through appreciating their bodies with simple rituals for self-love
and wellness: to love themselves, take care of themselves by eating healthy foods,
getting enough sleep, and using skin care products, set boundaries, make
48
themselves presentable, and provide for their needs—all ways to use visual
communication to express themselves.
2. The researchers found that the perceived influence of likes, comments, shares, and
views had positive and negative impacts on the participants. The majority of the
participants stated that receiving likes is more impactful than receiving comments,
shares and views. The participants developed such effective communication that
they delivered their self-love advocacy videos clearly to the viewers. Meanwhile,
some of the participants stated that receiving a low number of likes, comments,
shares, and views discouraged them from uploading more self-love content that
were affecting the participants’ emotional, intellectual, and social well-being.
3. The researchers found out that TikTok is more viable than other social media
platforms in that it is used by more individuals. According to the participants'
responses, TikTok includes more features than other social media, which will make
it easier for users to interact and produce more content. The TikTok application
helps users advocate self-love. Also, participants practice and enhance their
speaking skills and develop their creativity with the use of visual communication
in promoting self-love and advocacy communication that they carry in real life.
Conclusions
1. The common concept of self-love for the participants is physical self-love because
they developed it through self-care and they are satisfied when utilizing TikTok
features. Additionally, participants are effectively showcasing their self-love
advocacy communication through visual, written, and textual communication and
listening with the use of TikTok feature which is the filters and effects. Moreover,
49
the behavior of the participants in the virtual world is changed by the characteristic
of the confidence they get from TikTok and the TikTok features itself as an
advocacy communication tool. They must be careful not to just replicate how they
behave in the real world but instead think carefully about how they can promote
self-love within the digital space as well as embrace the opportunities digital
representations of them can bring.
2. The participants developed their self-confidence through engagement especially in
likes by promoting self-love advocacy videos. They developed communication
skills, maintained interpersonal relationships, and developed self-esteem and selfawareness. This means that by promoting self-love advocacy videos, the
participants affect their emotional, intellectual, and social well-being.
3. The participants chose the TikTok application because it is a viable option for
promoting self-love advocacy and has a wide range of audience. They enhance their
speaking skills and develop their creativity with the use of visual communication
in promoting self-love and advocacy communication that they carry in real life.
Recommendations
1. The researchers created a TikTok account that has content on different types of selfdevelopment that is connected to the improvement of students and that is intended
for College of Arts and Sciences students, and the TikTok account may be turned
over to the Association of Development Communication Students Organization,
where they can utilize the account not just for individuals but for the organization
for longevity and sustainability.
50
2. Future researchers may continue this study to supply limitations, expand the scope,
or further study the TikTok application as a medium for self-love advocacy
communication. Moreover, the use of this study as support to future studies is
allowed.
51
Literature Cited
Amoda, M. A., Domingo, N., Gasgonia, L., & Relleve, C. C. (2022, April).
Self-Esteem and Social Appearance Anxiety of TikTok Users: Appraising Social
Support as Probable Moderator. Researchgate.Net. Retrieved February from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360539275_SelfEsteem_and_Social_Appearance_Anxiety_of_TikTok_Users_Appraising_Social
_Support_as_Probable_Moderator
Berke, D. L., Boyd-Soisson, E. F., Voorhees, A. N., & Reininga, E. W. (2010). Advocacy
as service-learning. Family Science Review, 15(1), 13–30.
Cai, H. J. (2006). Pancultural self-esteem-evidence from China. Acta Psychol. Sin. 38,
902–909. doi: 10.1016/S0379-4172(06)60092-9
Cai, H., Brown, J. D., Deng, C., and Oakes, M. A. (2007). Self-esteem and culture:
Differences in cognitive self-evaluations or affective self-regard? Asian J. Soc.
Psychol. 10, 162–170. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-839X.2007.00222.x
Collective, H. (2020, June 25). TikTok, The Next Generation of Advocacy - Hudson
Collective. Hudson Collective. https://wearehudson.co/tiktok-the-next-generationof-advocacy/
Christensen, H. S. (2011). Political activities on the Internet: “Slacktivism” or political
participation
by
other
means?
First
Monday,
16(2).
http://firstmonday.org/article/view/3336/2767
Creswell, Jhon. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating
Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th Edition). Boston, MA: Pearson
Education Inc. Retrieved from http://repository.unmas.ac.id/medias/journal/EBK00121.pdf
DiscoverPhDs. (2020). What is the significance of the study?
https://www.discoverphds.com/blog/significance-of-the-study
Dixon, L. (2019, May 17). What’s to like about a ‘like’? nScreenMedia.
https://nscreenmedia.com/social-video-engagement-views-likes-shares/
Guo, C., & Saxton, G. D. (2014). Tweeting social change: How social media are changing
nonprofit advocacy. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(1), 57- 79. doi:
10.1177/0899764012471585
Health Action International (2019). Communicating for Change: Effective Advocacy
Communications
for
Non-Profit
Organizations.
https://haiweb.org/publication/advocacy-communication-guide/
Jeffrey Borenstein, M.D., (2020). Self-Love and What It Means. Brain & Behavior
Research Foundation. https://www.bbrfoundation.org/blog/self-love-and-what-itmeans
Kerr (2021). TikTok: How the social media Giant Created a New Wave of Advocacy.
https://networkconference.netstudies.org/2021/2021/04/26/tiktok-how-the-socialmedia-giant-created-a-new-wave-of-advocacy/
Munger, K. (2020, August 26). TikTok is a unique blend of social media platforms – here’s
why kids love it. The Conversation.http://theconversation.com/tiktok-is-a-uniqueblend-of-social-media-platforms-heres-why-kids-love-it-144541
Morozov, E. (2009, May 19). The brave new world of slacktivism. Foreign Policy.
52
http://foreignpolicy.com/2009/05/19/ the-brave-new-world-ofslacktivism/
Moungkhem, C., & Surakiatpinyo, J. (2020). A Study of Factors Affecting on Men’s Skin
Care Products Purchasing, particularly in Karlstad, Sweden. https://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:328065/fulltext01.pdf.
McCombes S. 2019). Descriptive research.
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/descriptive-research/
NASSP (2022). Using social media to Advocate and Influence Policy.
https://www.nassp.org/social-media-101-using-social-media-to-advocate-andinfluence-policy/
Ngilangil (2022). Tiktok on SNSU Students: Engagement and Influence.
https://ijels.com/upload_document/issue_files/22IJELS-107202228-Tiktok.pdf
Price, H. (2019, November 6). TikTok activism: ‘We’re changing the world in 15 seconds’:
Why some teens are using short, shareable social media videos to deal with big
issues
affecting
them. BBC
news.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcthree/article/fa349327-bdee-489b-ae44-da4f808d82b8
Refugio. C. (2018). Re: “What is the exact idea on “delimitation of the study” and
“Limitation of the study”? [Web-log comment].
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_your_exact_idea_on_delimitation_of
_the_study_and_limitation_of_the_study
Smart Social (2022). Negative Impact of TikTok on Teens.
https://smartsocial.com/post/negative-impact-tiktok
Stanning, K. (2020, April 27). TikTok Social Networking Site empowering youth civic
engagement, Debating Communities and Networks 11. Debating Communities
and
Networks
11.
https://networkconference.netstudies.org/2020OUA/2020/04/26/tiktok-socialnetworking-site-empowering-youth-civic-engagement/
Stowe (2022). How to Build a Winning Social Media Strategy for Advocacy.
https://info.votervoice.net/resources/build-social-media-advocacy-campaign
Singh (2017). Advocating Advocacy Communication.
https://reputationtoday.in/advocating-advocacy-communication/
Spring (2001). Uses and Gratifications Theory.
http://www.uky.edu/~drlane/capstone/mass/uses.htm
Thesis Notes. (2009). Writing definition of terms.
http://thesisnotes.com/thesis-writing/writing-definition-of-terms
Vinney (2019). What Is Uses and Gratifications Theory? Definition and Examples.
https://www.thoughtco.com/uses-and-gratifications-theory-4628333
Williams, & Whiting. (2013, June). Why people use social media: A uses and
gratifications approach. researchgate.net.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237566776_Why_people_use_social_
media_A_uses_and_gratifications_approach
53
APPENDICES
54
Appendix A
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
NOMINATION FOR THESIS ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Name:
Degree Sought:
Title:
Date of Final Defense:
Time:
Venue:
Espadilla, Lyka Donalyn D.
Salen, Regie G.
Yanto, Noemy A.
BS in Development Communication
TikTok application as a medium for self-love advocacy
communication
April 26, 2023
09:00 a.m.
DevComm Laboratory
Members of the Evaluation/Advisory Committee
Chairman
REGINE S. BALMACEDA
__________ April 26, 2023
Signature
Date
__________ April 26, 2023
Signature
Date
__________ April 26, 2023
Signature
Date
Members: 1. MA. THERESA B. DE PANES
2. PEARLY BETH C. OGAYON
Noted:
Approved:
AIZA L. CASTAÑEDA, MSES
CAS Research Coordinator
JOCELYN E. TRINIDAD, PhD
Dean
_____________
Date
_____________
Date
55
Appendix B
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
APPLICATION FOR OUTLINE/FINAL ORAL DEFENSE
Name:
Lyka Donalyn D. Espadilla, Regie G. Salen, Noemy A. Yanto
Degree Sought:
Bachelor of Science in Development Communication
Title:
TIKTOK APPLICATION AS A MEDUIM FOR SELF-LOVE
ADVOCACY COMMUNICATION
Date of Title/Final Defense: April 26, 2023
9:00 – 10:00 AM
Time:
Venue: DevComm Laboratory
Members of the Evaluation Committee
Chairperson:
Regine S. Balmaceda
Members:
1. Ma. Theresa B. De Panes
2. Pearly Beth C. Ogayon
Noted:
Approved:
AIZA L. CASTANEDA, MSES
Research Coordinator
JOCELYN E. TRINIDAD
Dean
56
Appendix C
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
PERMISSION TO CONDUCT THE STUDY
Date: February 28, 2023
JOCELYN E. TRINIDAD, PhD
College of Arts and Sciences Dean
Camarines Norte State College
Dear Dean:
Greetings of Peace and Prosperity!
The undersigned are 4th year BS Development Communication students of
Camarines Norte State College who is presently proposing a study entitled, “TIKTOK
APPLICATION AS A MEDIUM FOR SELF-LOVE ADVOCACY
COMMUNICATION”
In connection with this, they would like to request from your good office to allow
them to conduct a survey interview with the 1st year CAS students of your department as
the respondents of the study. Rest assured that the data gathered will be strictly for research
purpose only.
We are looking forward for your favorable action.
Very Truly yours,
LYKA DONALYN D. ESPADILLA
REGIE G. SALEN
NOEMY A. YANTO
Researchers
Noted by:
REGINE BALMACEDA
Research Adviser
MELANIE D. BACUNO, Dcomm
Thesis Instructor
57
Appendix D
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
February 27, 2023
Dear Respondents,
Good day!
We are the students from Camarines Norte State College, 4th year college taking
the Bachelor of Science in Development Communication. As part of our academic
endeavor, we will be conducting a qualitative research study titled “TikTok Application
as a Medium for Self-Love Advocacy Communication.” We are humble asking for your
time and honesty to answer this interview. We assure you that all the information gathered
will be confidential and private and will be only be used for the study. Furthermore, a
proper disposal of data gathered will be done after the research period.
Thank you very much and we are looking forward to your favorable response. If
you have further inquiry, please feel free to contact us through
donalyndayap11@gmail.com, regiesalen3@gmail.com and yantonoemy@gmail.com.
Sincerely,
Espadilla, Lyka Donalyn D.
Salen, Regie G.
Yanto, Noemy A.
Researchers
Noted By:
Regine S. Balmaceda
Thesis Adviser
58
Appendix D
INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE
Nature of TikTok application as self-love advocacy communication medium.
1. For you, what is self-love?
2. What kind of self-love do you upload on TikTok?
3. What are the features of TikTok application do you use to emphasize your selflove contents?
4. What is your purpose of using this certain feature?
5. Do you think you can effectively showcase your self-love content by the help
of TikTok features such as filters and effects, voiceover, background music,
duet and editing tools?
6. What types of communication do you use on your self-love videos? (Textual,
visual, background music and own voice)
7. What kinds of self-love do you show in promoting advocacy communication
using the TikTok application?
Perceived influence of TikTok in the form of engagement: likes.
1. How does the number of likes in yourself-love videos affect you?
2. What do you feel when your self-love videos do not get any likes?
3. How does the number of likes help to promote self-love advocacy?
Perceived influence of TikTok in the form of engagement: comments.
1. How do the comments on your self-love videos affect you?
2. What is your purpose for turning on/off your comment section?
3. How do you handle positive/negative comment comments?
59
4. How does the number of shares/views help to promote your self-love
advocacy?
Perceived influence of TikTok in the form of engagement: shares and views.
1. How does the number of shares and views in your self-love videos affect you?
2. How do you feel when your self-love videos get shares/views? Are you
encouraging to make another self-love videos?
3. What do you feel when your self-love videos do not get any likes affect your
confidence? Are you discouraged to make another self-love videos?
4. How does the number of shares/views help to promote your self-love advocacy?
5. For you, what is the most impactful among all the forms of engagement?
Viability of TikTok application as self-love advocacy communication medium.
1. What communication skills do you usually use when creating self-love videos
on TikTok?
2. What communication skills that you do not have before were developed when
you started to use TikTok?
3. Does the image you project on TikTok also affect your image in real life?
4. What makes TikTok application viable than other social media platforms in
uploading self-love videos?
60
Appendix E
Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES NORTE STATE COLLEGE
F. Pimentel Avenue, Brgy. 2, Daet, Camarines Norte – 4600, Philippines
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
February 06, 2023
SHIELA P. SAPUSAO, MPA
College Registrar III
Camarines Norte State College
THRU: JOCELYN E. TRINIDAD, PhD
Dean, College of Arts & Sciences
Dear Ma’am:
We are fourth year BS in Development Communication students under the College of Arts
and Sciences. We write this letter to request for permission from your good office to
conduct a research study titled “TikTok Application as a Medium for Self-love Advocacy
Communication among 1st year students in College of Arts and Sciences of Camarines
Norte State College-Main Campus.”
In relation to this, we will conduct a face-to-face survey to gather data from the enrolled
1st year CAS students. Moreover, we would also like to ask for a list of enrolled freshmen
students of this college. Rest assured that the document will be used for research purposes
only.
We are hoping for your favorable and immediate response. Thank you!
Respectfully yours,
Espadilla, Lyka Donalyn D.
Salen, Regie G.
Yanto, Noemy A.
Researchers
Noted:
Regine S. Balmaceda
Thesis Adviser
61
Appendix F
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name
: Lyka Donalyn D. Espadilla
Address
: P-3 Brgy. Gumamela, Labo,
Camarines Norte
Mobile No.
: 09090641895
Email Address
: donalyndayap11@gmail.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Age
: 23
Civil Status
: Single
Sex
: Female
Height
: 5’0
Weight
: 49
Religion
: Roman Catholic
Date of Birth
: January 11, 2000
Citizenship
: Filipino
Language
: Filipino and English
Dialect
: Tagalog
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Degree
: Bachelor of Science in Development Communication
Tertiary
: Bachelor of Science in Development Communication
College of Arts and Sciences
Camarines Norte State College
Secondary
: Camarines Norte College
Maharlika Highway, Labo 4604 Camarines Norte
: Camarines Norte College
Maharlika Highway, Labo 4604 Camarines Norte
62
Appendix F
Name
: Regie G. Salen
Address
: P-4 Brgy. Pinagtigasan Calaguas Island
Vinzons, Camarines Norte
Mobile No.
: 09519262353
Email Address
: regiesalen3@gmail.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Age
: 22
Civil Status
: Single
Sex
: Male
Height
: 5’7
Weight
: 63
Religion
: Roman Catholic
Date of Birth
: January 03, 2001
Citizenship
: Filipino
Language
: Filipino and English
Dialect
: Tagalog
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Degree
: Bachelor of Science in Development Communication
Tertiary
: Bachelor of Science in Development Communication
College of Arts and Sciences
Camarines Norte State College
Secondary
: Eugenia M. Quintela Memorial High School
Brgy. Banocboc Calaguas Island, Vinzons, Camarines Norte
: Eugenia M. Quintela Memorial High School
Brgy. Banocboc Calaguas Island, Vinzons, Camarines Norte
63
Appendix F
Name
: Noemy A. Yanto
Address
: P-3 Brgy. Alawihao Daet.
Camarines Norte
Mobile No.
: 09703091999
Email Address
: yantonoemy@gmail.com
PERSONAL BACKGROUND
Age
: 21
Civil Status
: Single
Sex
: Female
Height
: 5’0
Weight
: 41
Religion
: Born Again Christian
Date of Birth
: April 06, 2001
Citizenship
: Filipino
Language
: Filipino and English
Dialect
: Tagalog
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Degree
: Bachelor of Science in Development Communication
Tertiary
: Bachelor of Science in Development Communication
College of Arts and Sciences
Camarines Norte State College
Secondary
: Our Lady of Lourdes College Foundation
Vinzons Avenue, Daet 4600, Camarines Norte
: Alawihao National High School
P-5 Brgy. Alawihao, Daet Camarines Norte