SUBSTANCE USE & ABUSE
Chapters 19-22
DRUGS
SUBSTANCES
OTHER THAN
FOOD THAT
CHANGE THE
STRUCTURE
OR
FUNCTION OF
THE BODY OR
MIND
Taking
Medications:
1. Oral
2. Inhaled
3. Injected
4. Topical
MEDICINES:
• Fight pathogens
• Help prevent disease
• Help maintain or
restore health
• Manage chronic
conditions
• Regulate body’s
systems
• Relieve pain
• Relieve symptoms
DRUGS THAT ARE USED
TO TREAT OR PREVENT
DISEASES OR OTHER
CONDITIONS
Vaccines:
preparation that prevents a person from contracting a
specific disease
▪ Dead pathogens
▪ Produces antibodies to fight pathogens
▪ Produces memory cells that can make antibodies
▪ Long lasting protection
Bacteria:
disease-causing
microorganisms
TYPES OF MEDICINES
Body Regulating:
• Diabetes meds
• Asthma meds
• Cardiovascular meds
Narcotics• Pain meds
• Requires prescription
ANALGESICS
Medicines that fight:
• Inflammation
• Pain
• Redness
• Swelling
Antibiotics
• Destroy bacteria
• Kill bacteria
• Prevent bacteria from
reproducing
• MUST finish all of
prescription
• Overuse can cause
bacteria to develop a
resistance
Side Effects:
reactions to
medicine other than
the one intended
Drug Allergies:
reactions not
expected from taking
the drug
MEDICINES
Prescription Medicines:
meds that are dispensed only with the
written approval of a licensed physician or
nurse-practitioner
OTC –Over The Counter Medicines:
meds you can buy without a doctor’s
prescription
FDA does not regulate
herbal/dietary/nutritional supplements
OTC
MEDICINE
LABELS
• Active ingredient
• Inactive ingredients
• Uses
• Expiration date
• Purpose
• Warnings
• Directions
• Other information
MEDICINE
MISUSE
using a medicine
in ways other that
the intended use
• Failing to follow instructions
• Giving a prescriptions drug to
another person
• Taking too much or too little
• Taking for longer period or shorter
period of time
• Discontinuing without informing
doctor
• Mixing medicines without approval
from doctor/pharmacist
MEDICINE ABUSE:
intentionally taking medications
for non-medical reasons
a strong, sometimes fatal reaction
to taking a large amount of a drug
DRUG
TOLERANCE
condition in which
the body becomes
used to the effect
of a drug
MEDICINES
Tolerance:
condition in which the body
becomes used to the effect
of a drug
Withdrawal:
occurs when a person stops
using a drug on which
he/she has become
physiologically dependent