Global Population and Mobility CITIES IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD ALTHOUGH GLOBALIZATION CERTAINLY affects rural and peri urban areas, global forces are centered in cities. It is in cities that global operations are centralized and where we can see most clearly the phenomena associated with their activities, whether it be changes in the structure of employment, the formation of powerful partnerships, the development of monumental real estate, the emergence of new forms of local governance, the effects of organized crime, the expansion of corruption, the fragmentation of informal networks or the spatial isolation and social exclusion of certain population groups. THE GLOBAL CITY The Global City - also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is a city which is a primary node in the global economic network. THREE KEY TENDENCIES SEEM TO FOLLOW FROM THESE STRUCTURAL FACTS ABOUT GLOBAL CITIES. One is a concentration of wealth in the hands of owners, partners, and professionals associated with the highend firms in this system. Second is a growing disconnection between the city and its region. Third is the growth of a large marginalized population that has a very hard time earning a living in the marketplace defined by these high-end activities CHARACTERISTICS OF A GLOBAL CITY A variety of international financial services, notably in finance, insurance, real estate, banking, accountancy, and marketing Headquarters of several multinational corporations The existence of financial headquarters, a stock exchange, and major financial institutions Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area Major manufacturing centers with port and container facilities Considerable decision-making power on a daily basis and at a global level Centers of new ideas and innovation in business, economics, culture, and politics CHARACTERISTICS OF A GLOBAL CITY Centers of media and communications for global networks Dominance of the national region with great international significance High percentage of residents employed in the services sector and information sector High-quality educational institutions, including renowned universities, international student attendance, and research facilities Multi-functional infrastructure offering some of the best legal, medical, and entertainment facilities in the country High diversity in language, culture, religion, and ideologies. REASONS OF INCREASE IN GLOBAL CITIES The increase in global cities is linked to the globalization of economies and the centralization of mass production within urban centers. CRITICISMS OF GLOBAL CITIES Despite playing significant roles in the global economy, global city thesis has been known for being a threat to state-centric perspectives. These cities have been accused of focusing their reach to other global cities and neglecting cities within the national outreach. These cities are more connected to the outside world than to their domestic economy. GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY DEMOGRAPHICS is the study of a population based on factors such as age, race and sex. Governments, corporations and nongovernment organizations use demographics to learn more about a population's characteristics for many purposes, including policy development and economic market research. HOW DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IS USED Most large companies conduct demographic research to determine how to market their product or service and best capture the target audience. It is valuable to know the current customer and where the potential customer may come from in the future. Demographic trends are also important, since the size of different demographic groups changes over time as a result of economic, cultural and political circumstances What are the stages of the Demographic Transition Model? THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION The demographic transition theory is a generalized description of the changing pattern of mortality, fertility and growth rates as societies move from one demographic regime to another. The term was first coined by the American demographer Frank W. Notestein in the mid-twentieth century, but it has since been elaborated and expanded upon by many others. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION Stage 1: Pre-transition Characterized by high birth rates, and high fluctuating death rates. Stage 2: Early transition During the early stages of the transition, the death rate begins to fall. As birth rates remain high, the population starts to grow rapidly. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION Stage 3: Late transition Birth rates start to decline. The rate of population growth decelerates. Stage 4: Post-transition Post-transitional societies are characterized by low birth and low death rates. Population growth is negligible, or even enters a decline. LIMITATIONS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL There are things the DTM cannot reveal: the impact of other demographic variables such as migration, are not considered, nor does the model predict how long a country will be in each stage. But even so, the relationship between birth rate and death rate is an important concept when discussing population and any patterns, such as those provided by the DTM, that aid in understanding are helpful. GLOBAL MIGRATION GLOBAL MIGRATION is a situation in which people go to live in foreign countries, especially to find work. Most global migration is from developing countries to developed ones. Global migration can be understood as a cause and effect relationship, though the causes are just as numerous as their effects. People move across international borders for a variety of reasons Why do people move? Why do people move? ECONOMIC REASONS Lack of employment opportunities or differentials in employment opportunities and wages; the lure of a well-paid job in a wealthy country is a powerful driver of international migration. Lack of educational institutions across developing countries has also tremendously contributed to the reasons for migration. POLITICAL REASONS The unattractiveness of agricultural activities, disasters, lack of basic amenities (roads, electricity, portable water, and inadequate health care facilities) and industrial ventures in countries have also encouraged international migration. Why do people move? SOCIAL FACTORS Socially factors are things that affect someone's lifestyle. These could include wealth, religion, buying habits, education level, family size and structure and population density. CULTURAL FACTORS The idea of culture is vital to understanding the implications for translation and, despite the differences of opinion as to whether language is a part of culture or not, the two are connected. Culture range from syntax, ideologies, religion, language and dialect, to art and literacy. Why do people move? PUSH-PULL FACTOR In geographical terms, the push-pull factors are those that drive people away from a place and draw people to a new location. A combination of push-pull factors helps determine migration or immigration of particular populations from one land to another. Push Factors: Reasons to Leave Factors that help migrants decide to leave their home. Pull Factors: Reasons to Migrate Factors that attract people and area where immigrants are going. Migration affects both the place of origin and the place of destination on the various aspects such as environmental aspects, economic aspects, health and social aspects. • Environmental aspects: Migration of people has the direct effect on both, the place of origin and the place of destination. Problems like settlement, over-exploitation of resources, and the pollution of different kinds will be visible. • Economic aspects: The consequence on the place of origin will be a loss of economically active groups of the population. Migration affects both the place of origin and the place of destination on the various aspects such as environmental aspects, economic aspects, health and social aspects. • Health and social aspect: The places of destination are normally those places where facilities are made available to a limited extent so as to fulfill the needs of the native dwellers. However, the places overcrowd with the constant flow of migrants, and facilities and other needs become insufficient. OFW OFWs An Overseas Filipino Worker (Filipino: Pilipino sa Ibayong-dagat) is a person of Filipino origin who lives outside the Philippines. This term applies to Filipinos who are abroad indefinitely as citizens or as permanent residents of a different country and to those Filipino citizens abroad for a limited, definite period, such as on a work contract or as students. The life of "OFW" is not easy, they work to foreign country and sacrifice. They go and find a job there, so that they will be able to earn money to support the daily needs and give a better future to their family left here in the Philippines. OFWs are humans NOT ATM machines or partners of any Money transfer, They feel pain, they feel tired... So please to their loved ones in the Philippines, Please make a good value in all of their sacrifices. References https://capaworld.capa.org/2014/03/12/makes-global-city http://www.saskiasassen.com/pdfs/publications/the-global-city-brown.pdf https://understandingsociety.blogspot.com/2013/09/the-global-city-saskia-sassen.html https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-a-global-city.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_city https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/global-migration https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/demographics.asp#ixzz5QZS2QHJl http://papp.iussp.org/sessions/papp101_s01/PAPP101_s01_090_010.html Global Population and Mobility
