“SIGED JEN ILI”: A SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN SITIO KABAYABASAN, SAN NICHOLAS,
PANGASINAN
A Thesis Presented to the
Department of Architecture and Fine Arts
Technological University of the Philippines
Manila
In Partial fulfillment
To the requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE
BANTOK, EZEKIEL V.
CAMA, KNELL ANGELO
MAGNO, PAOLO
BSA- 5B
ARCH. JARINA LYDIA O. PICHAY
Thesis Adviser
S.Y. 2019-2020
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
ABSTRACT
The indigenous people are known as Ibaloi (people who live in houses) of Sitio
Kabayabasan in San Nicolas, Pangasinan are the main recipient of this study, “Sustainable Ibaloi
Heritage Community Development in Pangasinan”. The authors conduct research and gather data
regarding the present situation, condition, and issues of the Ibaloi community in Sitio
Kabayabasan. And goal of the study was created with the data and information gathered by the
researchers and it is to promote and enrich the Ibaloi culture and tradition through sustainable
cultural community development that will help utilize resources for positive individual, family,
and community growth and establish a safe environment to support a long-term solution for their
social and economic development needs with architectural solutions.
By using the four parameters of the descriptive method such as observations, surveys,
investigations, and lastly investigations and data gathering, the authors understand well the current
situation of the Ibaloi community in Sitio Kabayabasan regarding in their health, education,
livelihood, housing, and mostly to their ancestral domain and culture. As a result of the research,
it is concluded that the Ibaloi community in Sitio Kabayabasan in Pangasinan is really needed a
cultural community development the can uplift their current situation with a long-term solution
with architectural solutions.
2
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Contents
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION AND ITS BACKGROUND ............................................. 8
1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 8
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ........................................................................ 11
POPULATION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE ........................................................... 11
IBALOI POPULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES ........................................................ 11
IBALOI IN PANGASINAN ...................................................................................... 19
1.3 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION .............................................................................. 51
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ......................................................................... 51
1.4 GOALS AND OBJECTIVE ................................................................................... 55
GOAL ..................................................................................................................... 55
OBJECTIVES: ........................................................................................................ 55
1.5 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK............................................................................ 57
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ........................................................................ 58
1.7 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION.............................................................................. 60
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS ..................................................................................... 61
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................................. 62
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 62
2.1 RELATED STUDY ............................................................................................... 62
2.1.1 FOREIGN STUDY ......................................................................................... 62
2.1.2
LOCAL STUDY .......................................................................................... 67
2.2 RELATED LITERATURE ..................................................................................... 72
2.2.1 LOCAL LITERATURE ................................................................................... 72
2.2.2 FOREIGN LITERATURE .................................................................................. 82
2.3 SYNTHESIS ........................................................................................................ 92
2.4 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................... 93
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY .................................................................................. 94
3.1 METHOD OF RESEARCH .................................................................................. 94
3.2 SELECTION AND DESCRIPTION OF RESPONDENT ....................................... 95
3.2.3 SAMPLING PROCEDURE ............................................................................ 95
3
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
3.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT USED ................................................... 97
3.4 VALIDATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE ........................................................... 99
3.4.1 VALIDATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE ............................................................ 99
3.4.2 REVISION OF QUESTIONNAIRE ................................................................ 99
3.5 GATHERING OF DATA ....................................................................................... 99
3.5.1 CLASSIFYING ............................................................................................ 100
3.5.2 TALLYING ................................................................................................... 100
3.5.3 TABULATION.............................................................................................. 101
3.5.4 SAMPLE OF SURVEY FORMS .................................................................. 101
CHAPTER IV: DATA GATHERING ............................................................................ 105
4.1 ITERATION OF OBJECTIVES .......................................................................... 105
4.2 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA ................................................... 107
4.2.1 Data Management ....................................................................................... 107
4.3 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 145
4.4 RESTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ............................................................... 147
4.5 RECOMMENDATION ........................................................................................ 150
4.6 VIABILITY .......................................................................................................... 154
4.6.1 TECHNICAL VIABILITY .............................................................................. 154
4.6.2 LEGAL VIABILITY ....................................................................................... 159
4.6.3 FINANCIAL VIABILITY ................................................................................ 161
4.6.4 DESIGN PROPOSAL .................................................................................. 167
Chapter V: Architectural Concept ............................................................................ 169
5.1
Design Concept.............................................................................................. 169
5.1.1 GENERAL CONCEPT ................................................................................ 169
5.1.2 MATERIAL CONCEPT ................................................................................ 171
5.1.3 COLOR CONCEPT ..................................................................................... 173
5.1.3 SITE PLANNING CONCEPT ...................................................................... 174
5.2
Design Philosophy ......................................................................................... 175
5.3
Design Goals and Objectives ......................................................................... 176
5.4 Design Consideration and Parameters .............................................................. 177
4
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.4.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATION........................................................................ 177
5.4.2 DESIGN PARAMETERS ............................................................................. 181
5.5 Site Analysis. ..................................................................................................... 196
5.5.1 Macro site analysis ...................................................................................... 196
5.5.2 Micro site analysis ....................................................................................... 198
5.6 Swot Analysis .................................................................................................... 211
5.7 Hazard Analysis ................................................................................................. 212
5.7.1 MACRO HAZARD ANALYSIS..................................................................... 216
5.7.2 MICRO HAZARD ANALYSIS ...................................................................... 222
5.8 Factors and Issues Relevance to The Existing Site ........................................... 226
5.9 Behavioral Analysis ........................................................................................... 229
Identification of users ........................................................................................... 229
Activity Flow Chart ............................................................................................... 232
5.10 Environmental and Interrelationship Diagram of Each Building ....................... 244
5
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Acknowledgment
We would like to give our highest glory to God for everything he did for us, he never fails,
mostly during hard days we faced off, he always beside us and give us a way in order to
fulfill our duty regarding our research book to accomplished.
This research was made with the help of our parents who always beside us to support
and our source of inspiration. Especially to the family of Knell Cama for being hospitable
during our days and nights doing our research in their home.
We would like to thank also the BLBF Building Lives For Better Future, founder Mr. JcTan
for wholeheartedly helping us in our study, with his support, guidance, and advice and
mostly for letting us stay in their house with a hospitable staff in Pozzorubio, Pangasinan.
We also like to thank NCIP Region 1 and San Nicholas, Pangasinan LGU for giving all
the data we needed and for their accommodating assistance to us.
We also like to thank professors/jurors in the architecture department for their support
and advice to understand well our topic research and to comply with all necessary
information we needed. Especial thanks to our thesis adviser Arch. Janina O. Pichay who
always give us advice and lesson in order to create and finish our research.
6
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Dedication
First we dedicated this study to our Almighty God, for his guidance along the way to have
a safe trip and protect us from unnecessary situation, for strength of the body and power
of mind during hard times while gathering data for our study, skills in order to complete
our study, and thank you for giving us a healthy life every day. All of these are nothing
without you, we offer it everything to you.
This research ingenuously dedicated to our supportive, kind, and our source of
inspiration, our parents who are always beside us to give us strength and who never stop
providing their moral, spiritual, emotional, and mostly financial support.
This research also dedicated to our adviser Arch. Janina O. Pichay who always there to
advise and encourage us, who continually support and lead us to the best way regarding
the study since the day we choose our topic. We are grateful to be your students and
learned a valuable lesson from you.
And lastly, we thank our classmates, friends and our loved ones who supported us a lot,
give advice during hard times and helps us emotionally and financially without hesitation.
7
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION AND ITS
BACKGROUND
1.1 INTRODUCTION
In the mountainous terrain of Cordillera Administrative Region, indigenous people Known as
"Benguet People" Ibaloi (people who live in houses) are inhabited mostly the southeastern
parts of Benguet, Bukod, Sablan, Tublay, La Trinidad, Tuba, and Itugon also the southern
portions of Kapangan and Atok and had an Ilokano and Pangasinan elements. Ibaloi
originated in Lingayen and the Ilocos coast followed the rivers and based on their mythology
some groups of Ibaloi survived the great flood and lived in Mt.Pulag, Benguet. They have a
rich culture that existed long before the Spaniards or any other foreigners stepped foot in the
Philippines. Some Ibaloi from the Ilocos provinces were lured by the gold rush on the Agno
river which results in them to migrate and inhabit the San Felipe in Pangasinan. Sitios Centro,
Bacolod, Caniogan, Casilagan, Rodriguez, Escara, Lagpan, Calanutan, Bulangit, and
Kabayabasan are the various sitio of San Felipe East.
Farming has been the traditional livelihood of the Ibalois. However, nowadays the Ibalois
migrate and seek daily wage and contractual jobs and which regular-paying jobs
elsewhere which has led to the loss of practice of their traditional livelihoods (Anton et
al,2010). In a study by Rovillos and Morales (2002), it was found that income-generating
and livelihood activities such as handicraft businesses, together with education for their
children and food security, are among the needs and aspirations of the poor.
8
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
IBALOI CULTURE
The material culture of the Ibaloi is simple, but
it is expressive of their peaceful and judicious
ways of living in harmony with nature and their
environment, and strongly based on their
spiritual belief system. The richness of their
material culture is still evident at present,
although changes have been brought about
Fig. 1.1 Ibaloi farmers in 1900s
by the influences of modernization.
One of the most admired dwelling designs of Ibaloi native house because of its modest
structural design that represented their way of life in older times. It is made of indigenous
materials found in the kadasan (forest). A regular Ibaloi house measures 12 by 12 feet
and is elevated about 5 feet or more above the ground. The space under the house is
utilized as a storage area for farm tools, household equipment and shelter for chicken,
goats and other livestock, especially during the rainy season.
An Ibaloi house is a status symbol that differentiates the baknang (rich person) from the
abiteg (poor person). The house of the baknang is an all-wood structure; that of the poor
is of bamboo and lighter materials, but both houses have the same roofing material,
dem'ma. A house made of wooden materials is called alang, while that made of bamboo
is called dokbot.
9
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
The Ibaloi's social life consists of celebrations and rituals that are prescribed by custom
and tradition for every stage and vicissitude of life. These feast and rituals called shilus
or kesheng celebrate the birth, marriage, bountiful harvest, success and victory in war
and livelihood endeavors, as well as cure illnesses, rectify misfortunes, and honor death.
The Ibaloi celebrates and performs the prescribed rites and ceremonies with the
participation of members of his kin group, aggrupation, and the community.
Performance and attendance during these occasions take on interactive communication
and socialization among kin groups and community residents. Tayaw (ritual dancing) is
first danced by the celebrant, followed by the baknang and elders. After them, the
community members take turns at the dancing and playing of musical instruments. In the
rendering of badiw (poetic chants or oratory) which is full of analogy and philosophical
thinking, the women of the community repeat in a mystic refrain called man-atob the
thoughts or message that the elders would like to convey. The badiw may elicit
appreciation, awe or even laughter as the words of the elder are poetically and
philosophically chanted.
10
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
1.2 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
POPULATION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
Table 1. The population of Indigenous people in the Philippines (2013)
IBALOI POPULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
The Ibaloy (Ibaloi, Ibadoy, Igodor, Benguet Igorot, Nabaloi, Benguet, Iniballuy) constitute
a large ethnic group that number approximately 112,447 (2015) and are found in Benguet
11
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
province, principally in the municipalities of Itogon (12,353), Tuba (11,063), La Trinidad
(12,136), Bokod (8,911), Baguio (68,550), and Atok (9,063).
The population has spread to the neighboring provinces of Pangasinan, La Union, Nueva
Vizcaya, and Nueva Ecija. Kabayan is recognized as the center of Ibaloy culture. The
settlements are scattered in the municipalities of Bokod, Atok, Tublay, Sablan, and
Kabayan. A wide range of dialectical differences are known but not clearly studied.
Table 2. Ibaloi overall Population and per provinces
12
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Pangasinan Geographic Profile
It is located on the northwest portion of
the Central Plains of Luzon and is
bounded in the north by Lingayen Gulf,
La Union, and Benguet, in the northeast
by Nueva Viscaya, in the east by Nueva
Ecija, Tarlac in the south and Zambales
and China Sea in the west.
Figure 1. Pangasinan Location
Figure 2. Pangasinan Road
Network map
13
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
The province has a total land area of 545,101 hectares, which constitute almost onehalf (41.8%) of the total land area of the region (1,301,260 has.) and 1.6% of the total
Philippine area (34,329,832 has.). It is comprised of 44 municipalities, 4 cities, and
1,364 barangays. It has 6 Congressional Districts with Lingayen as the Provincial
Capital.
Figure 3. Pangasinan Land Use
map
Demographic Profile
Based on the 2015 Census of Population, Pangasinan has a population of 2,956,726
accounting for more than one-half of the total regional population. It is the fourth (4th)
most populous province in the country, growing at an average rate of 1.18% person
annually from 2010 – 2015. With a projected population (2016) of 2,991,849, the
14
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
computed population density is 549 persons per square kilometer of land, higher than
the regional and national density of 391 and 299 persons per square kilometer,
respectively.
Among the 48 cities and municipalities, San Carlos City has the largest population with
188,571 persons, followed by Dagupan City (171,271), Urdaneta City (132,940) and the
Municipalities of Malasiqui (130,275) and Bayambang (118,205). On the other hand, the
Municipality of Sto. Tomas is the least populated area, based on the 2015 Census of
Population.
Table 3. Pangasinan Population
per Municipality
15
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Social Profile
There are two dialects spoken in the province. The Pangasinan dialect is common to
the households in the central part of the province, while the eastern and the western
portion speak Ilokano. English and Filipino are the language used in government,
school, and business. Roman Catholic is the prevalent religion in the area.
In education which is an indispensable component of development, Pangasinan has a
total of 1,970 elementary and secondary public and private learning institutions for SY
2016-2017 and 153 tertiary schools including technical/vocational institutions for the
same period.
Health care services are provided by 59 public and private hospitals with a total bed
capacity of 862 for government and 1,314 for private hospitals. In addition, the province
has 69 Rural Health Units (RHUs) and 580 Barangay Health Stations (BHS)
complementing health service delivery to the populace.
The province’s employment rate is 94.60, while the unemployment rate and
underemployment rate are 5.40 and 16.19, respectively. For the daily minimum wage
rate, as of October 2016, the highest minimum wage rate is given by the Large NonAgricultural Industries and Commercial Fishing Sectors.
16
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Table 4. Pangasinan Daily Minimum Wage
rate
Economic Profile
Pangasinan’s vast tract of fertile land is suitable for growing high-value crops such as
palay, corn, vegetable, fruits, and root crops. The province remains the leading palay
and corn producers in the region. It is also, the leading producer of high-quality
agricultural crops, particularly mango, which has contributed the largest share of 75.5%
of the fruit production in the province. Likewise, it has an extensive coastal marine and
inland fishery area for aquaculture development, making the province the major fish
producer and supplier in Northern Luzon, particularly our world’s tastiest milkfish
17
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
(bangus). With the total fishery production of 128,885.039 MT in 2016, the province
posted a high sufficiency level of 117%.
Based on the 2016 records of DTI-Dagupan, the province has a total of 9,200 microenterprises and some 8,690 registered establishments. Dominating the establishments
are the personal services and trading sectors, while the industrial services sector has
the least. Pangasinan also has a total of 27 registered Call Centers / Business Process
Outsourcing (BPO).
Figure 4. Number of Employed in registered Business
Establishments
As of CY 2016, there are 831 financial institutions operating in the province, with
Pawnshops having the most number with 530, followed by various types of banks with
290 and 11 non-banking institutions strategically located provincewide.
18
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
IBALOI IN PANGASINAN
Figure 5. San Felipe East boundaries
Based on the 2015 Census of Population, Pangasinan has a population of 2,956,726
accounting for more than one-half of the total regional population. It is the fourth (4th) most
populous province in the country, growing at an average rate of 1.18% person annually from
2010 – 2015. With a projected population (2016) of 2,991,849, the computed population
density is 549 persons per square kilometer of land, higher than the regional and national
density of 391 and 299 persons per square kilometer, respectively. As per 2015 provided by
National Commission on Culture and Arts (NCCA), the population of Ibaloi in Pangasinan is
only 784.
SAN FELIPE EAST
San Felipe was one time a big and remotest Barrio of San Nicolas. It is situated in an area
where the Agno River meets the foothills of the Caraballo Mountains and the plains of the
19
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
town. A big community inhabited by settlers coming mostly from the Ilocos provinces, La
Union and Benguet who were lured by the gold rush on the Agno River. Most migrant settlers
were devout Catholics that they decided to name the place after their patron saint San Felipe.
San Felipe was divided into two separate barangays in the ’60s brought about by the PACD (
Presidential Assistant on Community Development) creation of barangays to intensify the
development of the countryside. The eastern part adjacent to the mountain was named San
Felipe East, while the western portion near to the Agno River was named San Felipe West.
The elementary school of San Felipe serves as the demarcation line between the east and
the west. Presently, San Felipe East is composed of various sitios, namely: Sitios Centro,
Bacolodan, Caniogan, Casilagan, Rodriguez, Escara, Lagpan, Calanutan, Bulangit, and
Kabayabasan, Kabayabasan is a mountain sitio which could only be reached by an hour hike
on winding mountain trails from sitio Laigpan. And its inhabitants mostly belong to the Ibaloi
tribe. The barangay is bounded on the north by the Agno River; on the south by Brgy.
Camindoroan, on the west by Brgy. San Felipe West; and on the East by Brgy. Salpad, with
an approximate land area of 1,200 hectares. Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood
with palay, corn, and vegetables as its main products. Other sources of income are gold
panning. Livestock raising, reforestation, and employment as construction workers in the San
Roque Dam project.
20
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Table 6. Social Profile in San Felipe
(2015)
Table 5. Public facilities in San Felipe
(2015)
SITIO KABAYABASAN AS ANCESTRAL DOMAIN
Declared as Ancestral Domain
By virtue of Republic Act No. 8371, otherwise known as “The Indigenous Peoples” Right
Act of 1997, the Ibaloi Tribe generally holds the Indigenous Cultural Community!
Indigenous Peoples’ (ICC/H’s’) private but communal property belongs to all
generations and shall not be sold, disposed nor destroyed.
Sitio Cabayawasan is located in the mountainous area of Brgy. San Felipe East. It is
bounded on the north by Brgy. Shaupin'p (Dalupirip). ltogon, Benguet; on the east by
the l-wak Ancestral Domain; on the south by the Agno River and San Roque MultiPurpose Dam; and on the west by Brgy. San Felipe West and the Municipality of San
Manuel.
From the actual Ground Survey conducted by NCIP surveyors from August 8, 2004, to
21
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
January 31, 2005, Sitio Cabayawasan. as part of the Ancestral Domain. has a total land
area of 2,378.3529 hectares.
Table 7. Approved CADT as of 2018
(NCIP)
Geographical profile
With the total land area 2378.3019 hectares. Sitio Cabayawasan is one of the biggest
sitios in the Municipality of San Nicolas. Pangasinan. The Philippines. Thus, traveling
from one place to the other would take hours of long walk of up and down terrains of the
adjacent mountains within the territorial jurisdiction of this sitio.
The places surrounding Sitio Cabayawasan got their names as to their shapes. plants.
trees and animals abundant in the said places. There is a place in the northern part of
this sitio called Pimulungka which was named after a big stone that looks like a bench.
Difay or Lipuy in Ilocano. located in northwestern portion of this sitio. was named alter a
big and round-shaped vine. Going south, Bimmaku was named obviously from baka (cow)
because the place was once abundant with grazing cows long time ago. Lagpan, located
22
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
in the south, is the place where the lbaloi used to store the logs they cut from the forest.
The place, Puo which is found in the western part. was named after a native mango. In
the south-east portion of this sitio. there are still two places called Agar and Kimallugong.
Age! was named after ginger because gingers were once abundant in the place: however.
even until to this day. gingers are still being planted. Kimallugong was named after
kallugong, an Ilocano term for hat. because the place has a hat-shaped. All places have
been named after lbaloi and Ilocano words. thereby. signifying the close ties of these two
ethnolinguistic groups in this place. That is why the lbaloi Tribe in Sitio Cabayawasan can
speak both languages.
The
Ibaloi
Ancestral
Kabayabasan
is
Domain
located
in
of
Sitio
Kabayabasan, Barangay San Felipe East
in the Municipality of
San Nicolas,
Province of Pangasinan. It has an area of
2,378.359
hectares
(has.)
and
is
bounded as follows:

North - Dalupirip, Itogon, Benguet

East -

West - Agno River, San Roque Dam
Ambayoan River, Fianza AD
Figure 6. Ancestral Domain Location in
Municipality of San Nicolas,
Pangasinan
South - Sitio Lagpan, San Felipe East, San Nicolas, Pangasinan
23
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 7. Map of the Ibaloi Ancestral
Domain of Kabayabasan, San Felipe East,
San Nicolas,
24
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
The general description of the area is hilly with a slope ranging from 0 to 80 degrees and
an elevation from 300 to 800 meters above sea level. Its geographic location lies between
longitude 120°43’34 east and 120°43’37 east 16°07’48.49 and 16°09’52.67” north.
It is Ninety kilometers (90) from the Provincial Capitol of Lingayen, Pangasinan and about
Sixteen (16) kilometers from the Poblacion of San Nicolas, Pangasinan and more or less
fifty-three (53) kilometers from Urdaneta City.
The place can be reached by hiking the narrow foot trail which had ever since been the
means of ingress and egress of the place or by riding a single motorcycle that will traverse
a rugged and muddy road.
It is populated by Indigenous Peoples who have been in possession of it since time
immemorial in the concept of owners. The ownership of said place by the Indigenous
Peoples in possession of it was formally recognized by the government through the
National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) by the issuance of a Certificate of
Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) in their favor.
Population of Ibaloi in Sitio Kabayabasan
Total population of Sitio Kabayabasan 2016
Age
Children (0-17)
MALE
33
FEMALE
38
Total
71
Youth (15-24)
Adult (25-30)
Senior (60-above)
40
82
5
37
61
7
77
143
12
Total
160
143
303
Table 8. Total population of Sitio Kabayabasan
(2016)
25
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Total population of Sitio Kabayabasan 2017
Age
Children (0-17)
MALE
58
FEMALE
53
Total
111
Youth (15-24)
40
Adult (25-30)
80
Senior (60-above) 5
39
61
8
79
141
13
Total
161
329
183
Table 9. Total population of Sitio Kabayabasan
(2017)
The Indigenous Peoples (IPs) of said place are known as the Ibalois of Kabayabasan,
San Felipe East, San Nicolas, Pangasinan. They are the owners of Kabayabasan, San
Felipe east, San Nicolas, Pangasinan, it being their Ancestral Domain.
The dominant clans: Cayabas, Pedro, Saingan, Paran, Madas and Bay-an Clans, who
are the original settlers to the place and declared that the area is their ancestral domain.
Their ancestors were already in this place before other tribes discovered them. They
were the ones who opened the settlements, and in such areas, they tied their cultures
and traditions, consider the land not just a part of their lives but it is their life, for they said
that land is life. At present, the descendants of these clans are now the present IP Leaders
of the Ibaloi Ancestral Domain.
26
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Economic Condition
Since there are no specific data pertaining to the status of the ibaloi in Sitio Kabayabasan,
the data that has been gathered by the researcher is from the survey of the NGO that
helps the community which is the Building Lives for Better Future.
Table 10. Average monthly income of Ibaloi
parents
As shown in the table above. 30 or 52.63 9/0 of the parents of the respondents only
earned P500.00 below while 20 of the parents of the respondents earned P3.000.00 and
below. Only six of the parents earned P7.000.00 and below while only one earned
P10.000.00 and up. The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) currently pegs the poverty
threshold at Php9,063.75 a month for a family of five or Php60.43 per day per person.
27
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
With this poverty threshold. 98.25 % of the parents fell below the poverty line. Hence.
majority of the parents and their families have been living in poverty for years without
them knowing. This is exemplified by the present economic condition of each family as
majority of the parents have no decent job and most of them have been earning their
living in farming. Farming has been the bread and butter for most parents because of their
educational background. that is. majority of them have been elementary undergraduate
and graduate. This implies that the educational background of the parents plays a vital
role in their employment. With their undergraduate educational background, they could
hardly look for a decent job, much more with permanent jobs.
Table 11. Fathers Occupation
Based on the survey of NGO. Fifty-five (55) of the fathers were unstable in their
occupational status with 96.49 and one father with permanent status while the remaining
one father with contractual status. Most fathers with unstable jobs and income were
mostly Famers. These data imply that these lathers with no high school diplomas and
college degrees can hardly get a permanent job nowadays.
28
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Table 12. Educational attainment of Ibaloi
parents
As to the secondary education of the parents, 45 or 78.95% for father 63.16 for mother
did not attempt to continue their high school studies. Most of the parents did not
continue their high school education due to the same reasons: long distance of walking
from the nearby barangay high schools and poverty.
29
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Table 13. Sitio Kabayabasan Mortality Rate
The table showed a comparable number of deaths from 2013 to 20 16. It could be noted
that there is a considerably high number of deaths in under 5-year-old in 2013 and
infant death in 2014 and 2015. This could possibly be attributed to poor perinatal and
post-natal care owing to inadequate information education on proper pregnancy and
child care and also to the absence of medical personnel inside the Ancestral Domain.
30
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
ANCESTRAL DOMAIN: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Historical Perspective
Before the coming of the Spaniards. many members of the lbaloi Tribe lived in the
lowlands of Pangasinan. particularly near the Agno River. When World War II erupted.
Members of lbaloi Tribe were scattered to different places. Some went to the nearby
mountains of Benguet, others went to Nueva Vizcaya and the rest migrated to the other
parts of the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR).
Years after World War II. some families of this lbaloi Tribe slowly returned to
Cabayawasan. The first family to return home to Cabayawasan was the clan of Semeon
Madas in 1974. They came all the way from Malatara, ltogon, Benguet. When the father
of Semeon Macias was still alive. he told him that he had a piece of land near the border
of Pangasinan and Benguet with a big mango tree which was planted before WW II. At
present. Mr. Semeon Madas, Berto Matis, Bonifacio Bay-an and Larry Bay-an are known
in Sitio Cabayawasan for their skills in weaving. They make kayahang, a basket with a
round rim that tapers to a square base and is carried by means of a strap worn across
the forehead, kiyag (circular basket), and other weaving products.
After the Madas clan. came next were the clans of Servacio Patan and Ricardo Cayahas
who returned home to claim once again the land that their forefathers tilled in Pimalangka
and Difay which are still part of Sitio Cayawasan. The clan of Ricardo Cayabas is known
for its hunting skills.
31
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Other prominent personalities in Sitio Cahayawasan are as follows: In Pao. Marcos
“Budong‘” Pedro is known for his inmagshan, rice terraces while in Bimmaka. Mandy Bay
is a known mambunong, a tribal healer. Being a mambunong, his skill is very important
in the whole community. He is the only one who knows the chants while performing rituals
specifically related to illness. He engages in mansehbok, the process of knowing the root
cause of illness and the appropriate ritual to perform during the healing process.
Cultural Perspective
The lbaloi Tribe primarily engages in farming. sometimes in swidden (kaingin). and
occasionally hunting wild pig. deer. wild chicken. birds and the like. In the early days, they
didn't stay in one place, but instead they transferred from one place to the other as they
hunted wild animals for a living. In every place they visited. they gave a name on it in
order not to forget it and at the same time it served as a reference when they referred to
a place they have stayed while hunting. Such classic example is Kabayabasan. a place
where guava trees thrived. lbaloi hunters ate the guava fruits for their foods. especially
when they ran out of provisions already. With the frequent used of guava branches as
uwik (a prong for pricking the heart of a wild pig/deer and domesticated animals until they
die), the number of guava trees in the forest and even in their backyards has dwindled.
They use uwik on occasions like Canao. wedding. burial. thanksgiving and Peshit. Canao
is a dance done in unison to the sounds of the gongs played by men performed mostly
during occasions or festivals or liturgy. On the other hand, Peshit is a festivity for the rich
32
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
because of the blessings they have received for the whole year and it normally lasts for
at least a week. The number of animals to be butchered depends on the number at”
people who will attend the ceremony.
Cultural Changes
•
Agriculture
The impact of modem living is inevitable in any society. its effect can ‘t just be taken for
granted. Its influence is vital in the continuity of a society or worse its death. Like in any
society, the lbaloi Tribe at Sitio Cabayawasan is not an exemption. They. too. are affected
by the adverse effect of modern times. They can‘t avoid the changes and learn to deal
with them. Without sacrificing their cultural practices in the community.
In the family. members still maintain their harmonious relationship and perform the task
each member is required. The eldest child takes care of his! her younger brother! sister.
For instance, the eldest sister carries her younger sister! brother at her back with ebban
(cloth) whenever she goes.
Despite the presence of modem farming implement in the community like tractor. thresher
and the like, they still maintain the traditional farming called csau'. Esad is a form of
planting method using a sharp-pointed stick. This stick is thrust on the ground creating a
hole where a farmer drops a seed. Then. he/ she covers the hole with soil. Later. the field
is irrigated with water. They still use cow or carabao in tilling or plowing their fields. But
33
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
now. cows and carabaos are being replaced with [cu/iglig or tractor designed and used in
cultivation of ricefields.
From the pounding of rice using taltagan (mortar) and desong (dohshong), round mortal.
they are now using kiskisan (rice mill).
•
Beliefs
Ani-anito or to ancestor spirits, nature spirits. and deities (diwata) has been replaced by
Christianity, though, still some practice it. With this new belief. the lbaloi have intensified
their feelings of helping each other in the form of balaris or bayanihan, spirit of communal
unity, work and cooperation. They learn how to give their offerings in the church, abuloy
or financial aid to the bereaved family, and binnadang, financial aid for the sick.
•
Wedding Ceremony
Marriage is still sacred to the Ibaloi. The wedding ceremony is solemnized by
nangkaama, or elders of the tribe who give their advice to the newlywed couple. Today,
a wedding can be solemnized by a pastor or minister of the religious organization where
they are affiliated. Civil wedding conducted by the municipal mayor is also accepted and
recognized by the community. The marriage to a fellow Ibaloi maintains the right of the
newly-wed couple to stay and live in the community without any legal problem since Sitio
Cabayawasan is declared as an ancestral domain.
•
Organizational Structure
Sitio Cabayawasan is one of the sitios of Brgy. San Felipe East, San Nicolas, Pangasinan.
Thus, the Ibaloi Tribe is still under the Brgy. Government of the said barangay. The
Barangay Council is composed of punong barangay. also known as barangay captain!
chairman, and seven barangay councilmen and one Indigenous People’s (IP)
34
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
representative. In Sitio Cabayawasan, they have the counterpart of the Barangay Council
called Cabaymvasan Tribal Council. This Council is composed of a Tribal Chieftain, Vice
tribal chieftain, Secretary, Treasurer, Auditor, and Six tribal councilmen.
IBALOI ARCHITECTURE AND COMMUNITY PLANNING
-
Whereas
houses
used
to
be
dispersed, with vast tracts of land and
mountains
separating
them,
settlements now consist of many
houses that form real villages or towns,
the members of which belong to the
same lineage. However, more than
any other Cordillera group, the lbaloy
still tend to build their houses far from one another in the middle of fields within the village
area.
The traditional house of the elementary family, which is the social unit, consists of one
room 6 x 8 m, roofed and walled with thatch. It stands on imam-am or talekem
(posts) 1.6 m from the ground. The door is oriented toward the north or east. Mortises
and grooves, instead of nails, are used to fasten the boards and timber together; rafters
are tied to joists with rattan strips. The entrance to the house is by a ladder that is pulled
up and inside at night. The wealthy keep a large cauldron underneath the house to be
used in the grand feasts called the peshit or cafiao.
35
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
In the middle of the room is a low dining table, the dulang. When not in use, this stands
on one end, leaning against the wall so as to make room for sleeping. Deer or cowhide is
used as a mat. Chairs are blocks of wood. Cooking vessels are hung from books or placed
atop stone in the house. Also hanging from hooks are baskets of various shapes and
sizes, in which different kinds of food to be cooked are stored. There is an earth-filled box
used as the hearth. Above this is a bamboo rack or a garret where rice or root crops are
dried and stored, or fruit is placed to hasten to ripen.
The Ibaloy has been affected by modern ideas of house building more than any other
Igorot group. Since the American colonial period, the thatch has been replaced: the floor
and walls by pine board and the roof with galvanized iron. The family sleeps on native
beds or on wooden floors.
The Ibaloi Settlements/Communities
The people of kabayabasan live in a different part of the area. The places of said
areas that have settlements are hereinbelow identified:
Pa-o - It is naming such due to the abundance of wild mango locally known as Pa-o
Kabayabasan - The location of public facilities. It is so named because of the many guava
trees that could be found in the place during the earlier times. Pimalangka – a big stone
that resembles a chair.
Bimaka – This settlement used to be a cattle grazing area.
Malatore – named by the ancestors because it is the highest mountain peak in the area
Agat – The place was named so due to the abundance of it is wild ginger.
36
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Climate
The climate in Kabayabasan just like in the most part of the country is tropical, or hot and
humid all year round but is relatively colder compared to the lowlands. It has two (2)
distinct seasons, wet and dry. The wet season starts during the month of May and ends
in the month of October while the rest of the year is dry.
Soil Type and Vegetation
Generally, the soil types in the Ibaloi Ancestral Domain are of the Annam Clay Loam,
found mostly in the forested and mountainous portion of the domain. Other parts consist
of the Umingan Silted Loam usually found in the lowland plains.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
1. Education
There are 53 pupils at Kabayabasan Elementary School. The faculty is being
supervised by its Teacher-in-Charge, Charlie Cayabas, who is a member of the Ibaloi
Tribe in the place. Mr. Cayabas was also a former EAP Grantee. The other teachers are:
1. Arceliana M. Balbines - She is a member of the community and former NCIP
EAP Grantee
2. Edwralyn W. Marticio - She belongs to the Iwak Tribe. Another former grantee
of NCIP EAP.
3. Cristy D. Subaldo – She is non-IP.
37
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
2. Source of Livelihood
2.1 Farming/Gardening/Planting
The Ibalois of Kabayabasan, San
Felipe
East,
San
Nicolas,
Pangasinan makes their lands fit
for planting rice, vegetable, and
other
crops
by
carving
the
mountain or sloped land to make
terraces.
Terraces
made
as
Photo by: BLBF
paddies are called “payew” while terraces utilized for other crop production are called
“uma” and “bangkag”. Terraces are usually made by stonewalling sides of the mountain
or stonewalling steep slopes.
In cultivating their land, they use any of the following tools;
“Guwasay” – is an axe used to cut trees to clear land.
“Ettak” – is a bolo used to cut shrub, small trees, and grasses.
“Kahri” – is a tool used in cutting grasses.
“Dagashiy” – is a saw used in cutting big trees.
“Pala” – it is a tool used in digging.
“Sangkap” – is a lever widened at the edge used in planting or uprooting grasses.
“Shupshup” – small digging bar used in planting root crops.
“Kay’bang” – is a woven basket-like carriage used in carrying gathered vegetables, grains
and other agricultural products. It has a strap for the head called “epid”.
38
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
“Shagi” – is a woven basket-like carriage used in carrying gathered vegetables, grains
and other agricultural products. It has straps for the shoulders.
“Pasiking” – a carrying implement made of woven bamboo. It has shoulder straps and a
cover.
“Arasho” – This is a plow drawn usually by a carabao.
“Saluysoy” – is carriage equipment drawn by a carabao or cow.
“Kiyag” – is a winnower made up of bamboo or rattan.
“Siki-an” – use to separate rice and palay
“Jak-jak” – use to separate rice from the bran
“Dangaja” – use to store rice and other agricultural products
“Dahdo” – use to pound rice grain.
“Desung” – is a tool where rice grain is being pounded.
2.2 Fishing
The Ibalois of Kabayabasan is
also engaged in fishing. They use the
following to catch fish:
“Kasag” – Is a net formed like a sack with
an open front and with a hand used to catch
fish.
Photo by: BLBF
“Balshow” – is an open net used by throwing it at the river and driving fish towards it.
“Pana” - is a bow and arrow used to hunt fish in the river.
“Bukatot” – is a weaved bottle like trap used to trap fish in the river.
39
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
“Kuh-bong” – is a weaved instrument like kettle except for the spout where caught fish is
being placed.
The Ibalois to preserve their catch fish dry the same by exposing it to the sun or having
it smoked in their cooking areas which they call “pinshang”.
2.3 Hunting
The Ibalois of Kabayabasan used traps called “Bito” to catch wild animals while they used
“Palsiit” and traps called “Katig” to catch birds.
“Bito” is a hole on the ground dug by the hunter and covered with leaves.
“Palsiit” is a sling used to shot birds.
“Katig” – is a trap made of reed stick with a loop at the end that snaps closed when a bird
land on it.
The Ibalois of Kabayabasan to preserve the meat of the animals they caught dry the same
by exposing it to the sun or having it smoked in their cooking area. The dried meat is
called “kinuday”.
2.4 Animal Raising
Every household in the community also raises pigs, cows, and chicken which
are needed in their every now and then rituals.
Kebbi – a laying basket for chicken
Kebkeb – is a pigpen under a portion of a traditional Ibaloi house
Kagaban – chicken coop
“Timol” – this refers to food for pigs which are a combination of papaya, aba, sweet
potato, gabi, banana or any of which
40
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
“Pulkha”- deworming of livestock by using ipil-ipil leaf
Among the illnesses of animals known to Ibalois of Kabayabasan and its cure:
“buris” they cure the same by feeding banana leave or guava leave to the sick pig.
“Khultong” (blisters) – it is cured by feeding the animals with red pepper
“Pisti” - death outbreak of animals
“Anuyop” -the fruit of this tree is poisonous to chicken and goat, it usually blooms in the
month of May, solution is to cut the bush.
41
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
OTHER AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
The Ibalois of Kabayabasan also are engaged in the following agricultural activities:
•Harvesting Honey from beehives – Honey is being collected from March to May
•Broom making – harvesting of tiger grass starts in November and broom- making lasts
till summer season.
•Basket making – This is being done all year round
•Rice wine making called “tafey” – An all-year-round activity
3. Infrastructure types

Housing
As to the type of houses, the household who
lived
in
households
semi-concrete
and
is
houses
about
28
made
of
wood/'nipa/ bamboo are approximately 32.
It took them years to build a semi-concrete
Photo by: the researcher
house as they had to earn more money to
buy materials for the construction of their
house. Households who live in houses
made of wood/ nipa/ bamboo are very
common since these materials are readily
available in the area.
Photo by: the researcher
42
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO

Electrification
For years, this place has been taken for granted as evidence of their recent connection
of electricity only in 2017. The community has no street lights, neither the foot trail and a
single motorbike. At present, 50 households in the domain are already electrified.

Single Motor Bike Pathway
The Local Government Unit of San Nicolas initiated the
construction of a pathway from Sitio Lagpan, which is
located at the foot of the mountain, to Sitio Cabayawasan
in 2015. With its winding trails, the pathway is more or less
four kilometers. By foot, it will take you to a more or less
three hours for a visitor to walk on this pathway with its
uphill and downhill terrains. For a single motorbike, the
travel time is more or less 45 minutes.
Photo taken by: The researcher

Foot Trail for the Ibaloi
Aside from the pathway, there is a foot trail for the residents of this community. From Sitio
Lagpan, there are a crossroads. The left path going up is the pathway for a single
motorbike while the path on the right is the short-cut foot trail going to Sitio Cabayawasan.
This foot trail is not accessible by a single motorbike, but only by foot. For non-residents.
the travel time by foot is more or less two hours, but for the residents, it will only take them
for less than an hour. The slope is gradual, but the terrain is both safe and a little
adventurous. The foot trail carved from the mountainside is irregular, sometimes wide and
sometimes narrow. Erode portion after a heavy rain is normally repaired right away.
43
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO

Tramline System
Tramline System was set up in 2015 but only operational in 2016. After a few months of
operation. it has ceased to operate since 2017 due to damaged parts of the machine that
propelled the steel cables. This Tramline System was the project of the Department of
Agriculture (DA) through the Agriculture and Fishery Modernization Program (AFMP) in
order to haul the agricultural products from Cabayawasan to the station which is located
at the top of the nearby mountain or vice versa. The Barangay Government nor the Local
Government of San Nicolas has no budget allocation for its maintenance.
Since 2017, the Ibaloi residents have to manually carry their produce (rice. vegetables.
fruits and root crops) in a distance of more or less 4 kilometers en route the winding trails
from the mountain top to the foothill. If repaired, it will be a great relief to all the residents
of Cabayawasan.

Bridges
There are four bridges within the Ancestral
Domain. There is a bridge in Pimmalangka that
connects to Cabayawasan. This bridge needs
repair already as the wooden materials are getting
weaker due to age and weather conditions. The
other bridges are Banaba Bridge, Balecbec and
Bimmaka Creek.
Photo taken by: The researcher
44
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO

Transportation
Sitio Cabayawasan can only be reached on foot and by single motorbike. No fourwheeled vehicles can reach the place due to its uphill terrain. At present, Sitio
Cabayawasan has 19 single motorbikes owned by different individuals and families.
Some of these motorbikes are used for public transport but majority of them are used
privately for their families.

Sari-Sari Stores
At present, there are only four sari-sari
stores or neighborhood sundry store in
Sitio Cabayawasan. They are owned by
Marina Julian, Maring Pedro, Dominga
Matis, and Willy Bacbac. They sell the
basic needs of the community, such as
Photo taken by: The researcher
canned goods, eggs, noodles, softdrinks, bread, junk foods, oil, spices, salt, monosodium
glutamate (vetsin), magic sarap (other food additives) and other necessities. These sarisari stones play a vital role in the daily needs of the community as they do not need any
longer to go downhill to buy their daily needs in their kitchen. Besides, going to the market
is expensive
45
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO

In
Educational Institution
the
beginning
when
the
elementary school was established
in 1980. only four grade levels were
offered. To finish their elementary
grades, they had to walk at least
more than an hour in order to
Photo taken by: The researcher
continue their studies in the lowland every day. This was precisely the reason why most
adult members of the tribal community failed to continue their elementary grades, thus.
most of them ended up as elementary and high school undergraduate. Only few
graduated in high school and only six members of this lbaloi tribe have graduated from
college.
Today, Cabayawasan Elementary School (CES) has offered six grade levels in 2004 with
a multi-grade level teaching approach. The school has poor conditions and has no school
canteen that can cater the snacks and lunch of the pupils. It has no library since the start
of its operation.

No Health Center
Sitio Cabayawasan has no outstation of a Brgy. Health Center. For their health concerns.
they still have to go to the town for their medical checkup and attend a medical mission.
The Ibaloi Ancestral Domain is far from the centers and facilities that cater health services.
The RHU and hospitals are located at the town proper which is about 16 km away. The
46
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
nearest health center is in San Felipe East which could be reached by 2 hours of hiking.
It is manned by a Barangay Health Worker every Wednesday but is ill-equipped to
respond to medical emergencies. There is no emergency vehicle to transport patients in
need of immediate medical or surgical intervention, oftentimes there is no choice but to
rely on pure luck as to the availability of private vehicle or vehicle for hire to transport
patients and increase his /her chances of survival. Often, they rely on traditional healers,
hilots and herbal medicines as dictated by the above-described situation.

Source of Potable Water
There is two (2) potable water source in the domain; one from Pikaw another from Pa-o.
There also exist two (2) water tanks located at upper Kabayabasan with sizes of 6 ft x 8
ft and 4 ft x 4 ft both came from the San Roque Power Corporation (SRPC).

Waste Disposal Management
Waste-disposal management is by digging and burying. Some of their garbage is
deposited in a compost pit for future use as organic fertilizer to their farms. The most
household has a water-sealed toilet.

No burial grounds
Based on the immersion of the researcher, there are no adequate burial grounds that can
accommodate deceased Ibaloi. According to the locals, their deceased tribesmen are
buried near the house of the relatives.
47
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Eco-Tourism and Agri-Tourism, Cultural-Tourism Spots
There are potential tourist spots within the
Ibaloi Ancestral Domain. Some of these
are the:
1. Pinsal falls located in Pimalangka
2. Sahdat Falls – located in Kabayabasan
Proper
Photo taken by: NCIP region 1
Figure 8. Bounded Growth Development map
48
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Green network strategy
The strategy focuses on the preservation of the totality of natural areas which shall play
an important role in the ecological balance and sustainable development of the
municipality. This emphasizes biodiversity and landscape protection. Special
regulations of nature use are to be established within the area. The elements of the
green network shall form a hierarchy and divided into core areas coinciding with the
frontiers, namely: energy, agro-forestry, and eco-tourism. The three networked
barangays that will serve as active custodians of the green zone are Fianza, San Felipe
East and Malico.
The forestry region is represented by Fianza as its frontier. This region is characterized
by areas with natural landscape domination. Natural regions form the regions of large
natural areas and regions with high tourist-recreation potential. The main functions of
the natural regions are biological and landscape protection, recreation, and forestry
production. These regions include barangays which form the cores of national
environmental network. They are characterized by large and unique nature complexes.
The eco-tourism region is represented by malice as its frontier. This area covers
territories with high tourist and recreational potential. The indigenous community on
Malico and San Felipe east shall be prepared to have a high capacity to organize
recuperative activity, cultural and ecological tourism and resorts. The aim of
development in this region is the creation of conditions for cultural and eco-tourism and
recreational activity.
49
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Since their ADSDPP is still in process, this is not implemented programs under their
ADSDPP within the ancestral domain, there are no programs, such as the following:
a.
IP Housing Programs (NHA/HUDCC)
b.
IP Cooperatives (CDA)
c.
IP TESDA Scholarship Grantees and Programs
d.
PAMANA Program/Site (OPAPP)
e.
School/Institution run by non-state stakeholder
There is no school run by non-state stakeholder but there is a public elementary in the
area.
f.
Large Scale Projects
At present there is no large-scale project in the area, however, an application for CP of
the proposed 400MW San Roque Lower East Pump Hydropower Project of Strategic
Power Development Corporation (SPDC) located in the municipalities of San Nicolas,
Pangasinan, and Itogon, Benguet.
An actual field investigation was already conducted by the FBI Team of Pangasinan and
the team recommended for the conduct of FPIC Process.
g.
Corporate Social Responsibility Program of Companies that assist IP
Communities
h.
Programs of DAR that affect Ancestral Domain
i.
List of Development Partners and Status of Programs in Ancestral Domains
50
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
1.3 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
MAJOR PROBLEM
The poor situation of the Ibaloi community in Sitio Kabayabasan is caused by their
distance from the Municipality of San Nicolas, Pangasinan. This community has no
livelihood programs that can uplift their living conditions. The primary source of income of
their community is farming and cattle raising which is usually not enough for a household.
Since they have no health center and medical missions are normally done in the municipal
hall, they discourage to attend the medical programs due to distance and financial
problems. These Indigenous Communities are patiently waiting for them to discover by
the outside world. All of these socioeconomic problems also affect their culture due to the
lack of institutions that will teach the young Ibaloi and future generations about their own
culture and traditions.
The primary goal of this study is to create a sustainable architectural plan that will uplift
the poor situation of Ibaloi and result as a development for their community incorporating
their cultural practices within.
This primary problem was formed based on the given situation of the said subject. The
researchers are analyzing; Does the Ibaloi community in the Sitio Kabayabasan needed
a sustainable community development?
51
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Population growth
Since the population of Sitio Kabaybasan is annually growing, the researcher considers
the 5 years projected population that will be the basis of the proposal. The Ibaloi
Indigenous people have a total Population of 293 in 2015, 303 in 2016 and 329 in 2017.
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛
𝐺𝑅 =
−1
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1
329 3
𝐺𝑅 =
−1
293
𝐺𝑅 = 3.94 %
After using the average growth rate formula, Sitio Kabayabasan community population
grows on average 3.94% annually. This indicates that their poor economic conditions
and fast-growing population will become problems overtime. The researcher now
projected the number of populations in the length of 5 years as shown in the table
below.
POPULATION PROJECTION
Year
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
No. of
Population
329
342
355
369
384
399
415
Table 14. Population Projection of Sitio
Kabayabasan
52
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
SUB PROBLEMS
From all the major problems, these are the other problems that are formed based on the
given situation of the said subject:
1. The isolation of their community to the municipality of San Nicolas, Pangasinan.
○ The Sitio Kabayabasan in Barangay San Felipe East is 12 kilometers away
from the Municipality of San Nicolas, Pangasinan. Due to the isolation of
the Ibaloi Community, their existence is hardly noticed by the outside,
causing them to be underdeveloped.
2. The basic social development need/s of the Indigenous Community, particularly in;
i.
Housing
○ The community needs to develop their housing to elevate their way of life
while maintaining their traditional ways and customs in housing design and
make them disaster resilient.
i.
Livelihood
○ Abundant green space contributes to their main livelihood income, such as
farming and cattle raising as their traditional livelihood. But at the same time
in this aspect resulting in the Insufficiency generating income for their
families.
i.
Health
○ Indeed, Ibaloi culture consists of having herbal medical knowledge, but this
method cannot stand alone to fulfill the health care of the community since
53
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
there is no health clinic within the area.
i.
Education
○ Lack of Basic education facilities and School of living traditions that are
crucial for literacy development and understanding of culture. High school
is almost 6 kilometers away from the community forcing the student to walk
in a dangerous path.
i.
Safety and Security
○ The inadequate facility that will cater to the safety and security of the
ancestral land and their culture.
3. The special need/s of the Indigenous Community, particularly in;
i.
Cultural aspect
○ Due to the lack of basic needs and the absence of facilities where they can
practice and preserve their culture, it directly affects their cultural integrity
promotion and preservation.
54
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
1.4 GOALS AND OBJECTIVE
GOAL
Promote and enrich the Ibaloi culture and tradition through a sustainable cultural
community development that will help utilize resources for positive individual, family,
and community growth and establish a safe environment to support a long-term solution
for their social and economic development needs with architectural solutions.
OBJECTIVES:
● To conduct research and gather some data regarding the present situation,
condition, and issues of the Ibaloi community in Sitio Kabayabasan.
● To help improve the preservation of culture and traditions of the Ibaloi due to
modernization.
STRATEGIES:
○ The new generation of the Ibaloi is slowly forgetting its ancestral culture and
traditions. The proposed community will provide non-formal education and
schools of living traditions that will teach the younger generation about their
Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices (IKSP)
● To provide adequate and sustainable facilities for Agriculture and businesses that
will showcase the traditional livelihood of Ibaloi.
STRATEGIES:
55
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
○ The rich handicrafts of Ibaloi are one of the greatest treasures that the
ethnic community embraces. Improve the utilization of resources and
technology for agriculture that will result in effective harvesting.
● Help Ibaloi to maximize the use of their ancestral land for them to establish “ili” or
community for them to uplift their basic needs.
STRATEGIES:
○ Sitio Kabayabasan is an approved Ancestral Domain of Ibaloi. They need
to know and use their rights to develop in terms of housing, livelihood,
health, education, cultural aspects to uplift their way of life. The strategies
are designed both to support traditional community capacity building and to
promote economic activities closely related to their traditional knowledge
and culture such as handicrafts and Community-based tourism.
● Conserve biodiversity, attaining atmospheric balance, the productivity of soil as
well as other systems of the natural environment.
STRATEGIES:
○ Sustainable use of natural resources component and design to improve
incomes derived from the sustainable use of forests, soils, water, and
other natural resources.
56
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
1.5 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
REPUBLIC ACT 8371:
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS
ACT:
1. Read and recognize the Rights of
Indigenous Cultural
Communities/Indigenous Peoples
(ICCs/IPs) especially in
development and land rights.
HOME BASED RESEARCH
1.
2.
3.
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN
1. Enriching the region’s culture and
values to achieve socioeconomic
development.
2. Promotion of culture and values
should be integrated in
3. recognizes the role of culture as a
building block of the region’s
development by:

empowering the community

strengthening regional culture;

improving community
engagement;

increasing people’s
awareness.
4.
Conduct research regarding the
Ibaloi to become aware of their
culture and traditions
Gather Demographics and Socioeconomic profile of San Nicholas
Pangasinan
Investigation of the present
situation of Ibaloi and how some
end up in Pangasinan.
Gathering of local and foreign
related studies and literature to
incorporate to present proposal.
RELATED NGO
1. Contact to the Non- government
2.
Organization that helps the Ibaloi
in Sitio Cabayawasan.
Conduct interview with the Better
Lives for Better Future and asks
for assistance to conduct
community immersion.
COMMUNITY IMMERSION IN SITIO
CABAYAWASAN
PROPOSEDSUSTAINABLE
IBALOIHERITAGE
COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT
PHILIPPINE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
1.
The priority areas of the cultural
agenda are:



safeguarding and enshrining
our cultural heritage;
achieving equity and inclusion
in access to cultural resources
and services; and
sustaining and enhancing
cultural assets to foster
creativity and innovation for
socio-economic growth.
CULTURAL CENTER OF THE
PHILIPPINES
1.
Gather some book and
magazines that features the Ibaloi
and their culture.
NATIONAL COMMISSION ON
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE: REGION 1
1.
2.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Formulate Questionnaires for
Survey.
Ask the Tribal Leader for consent
about conducting research into
their community.
Conduct interview with the
Elder/Representative and the
local residence of the Sitio.
Documentation of the present
situation of the local residence in
Sitio Cabayawasan.
Conduct a survey by distributing
questionnaires to the locals.
GATHERED DATA
1.
2.
3.
Presentation, Analyzation and
Interpretation of data and survey
results.
Assessment of topic needs.
Restate the Problem and
formulate Solution.
Gather Data regarding Socio
economic status of the Ibaloi
community of Sitio Cabayawasan and
any other data related to the proposal.
Request a file for ADSDPP and CADT
of the Ibaloi in Sitio Cabayawasan in
Pangasinan
Figure 9. Conceptual Framework
57
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study seeks to help the Ibaloi community in Sitio Kabayabasan to preserve and
promote their rich culture and traditions within their respective ancestral domains and
improve the socio-economic development needs of the community. This proposal aims
to know the problems and needs to come up with an architectural solution that will give
perspective on priority things that are needed to establish that will benefit the following:
For the Ibaloi ethnic group
This proposed study will allow Ibaloi in Sitio Kabayabasan to develop a community that
is suitable to promote and preserve their culture that has been part of the collective
memory of the nation. Benefiting from its rights to develop and inhabit the Ancestral
domain will help the nation's agenda on promoting and protecting cultural values and
traditions. This study seeks to have a positive impact on both the cultural and economic
aspects of the community that can cause a great contribution to the nation's economy.
For the Government
This study will contribute to the vision and mission of the National Commission on
Indigenous People (NCIP) which is to envision genuinely empowered ICCs/IPs whose
rights and multi-dimensional well- being are fully recognized, respected and promoted
towards the attainment of national unity and development and their programs like
Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP). Also, this
study hopefully gives awareness to the national and local governments in the protection
58
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
of all the ethnic minorities in the country when it comes to supporting the social and
economic development aspects.
Agriculture Sector
This Study benefits not only the Ibaloi in terms of livelihood but also the Ancestral domain
established as agricultural lands and maximizing its capacity to increase the productivity
of goods resulting in improvement of the country's agriculture sector.
For other Indigenous People
This study not only seeks importance to the first cultures and memory of the country but
also to strengthen the RA 8371 “The Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act of 1997” that
promotes all the rights of Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples.
59
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
1.7 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
Scope
The study’s main focus is to gather data regarding to the past and present situation of
Ibaloi indigenous people, through internet, books, readers digest, Region 1 NCIP data,
San Nicholas Local Government Unit data and to get the Ibaloi community approval to
conduct survey and interview located at their ancestral domain in San Nicholas Brgy. San
Felipe East sitio Kabayabasan, Pangasinan. In order to notice their community problems
in different aspects like livelihood, education, health, culture, housing and resolved it
through architectural approach for the present and future of Ibaloi.
Delimitation
The researcher established limitation for the study as follows, limited time to fully study
the site and gathered data regarding to the Ibaloi community past and present situation,
the design of the structure and facility will be based on the wants and culture of the Ibaloi,
the study will be focus on the Ibaloi indigenous people culture and tradition in San
Nicholas Brgy. San Felipe East sitio Kabayabasan, Pangasinan and lack of updated data
regarding the project proposal.
60
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Ancestral Domains Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) - is the
consolidation of the plans of Ibaloi within an ancestral domain for the sustainable
management and development of their land and natural resources as well as the
development of human and cultural resources.
Ancestral Domain- Refers to areas generally belonging to Ibaloi, subject to property
rights within ancestral domains already existing that comprises lands, inland waters,
coastal areas, and natural resources therein.
Ancestral Land- Refers to land, subject to property rights within the ancestral domains
already existing.
Ibaloy or Ibaloi- Means “people who live in houses”. The indigenous people that reside
in the mountainous area of Sitio Kabayabasan in Pangasinan.
Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT)- Refers to a title formally recognizing the
rights of possession and ownership of Ibaloi over their ancestral domains identified and
delineated in accordance with this law.
Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices (IKSP)- Refer to systems, institutions,
mechanisms, and technologies comprising a unique body of knowledge evolved through
time that embody patterns of relationships between and among peoples and between
peoples, their lands and resource environment.
National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP)- the primary government agency
responsible for the formulation and implementation of policies, plans, and programs to
recognize, protect and promote the rights of ICCs/ IPs.
61
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the researcher presents the reviewed related literature and studies that
are associated with the study. All related literature that was found in books, magazines,
and articles and related studies that come from other thesis proposals, investigations or
anything that somehow related and will support and help the researcher to the research
study, both of this covers local and foreign publications to further improve and develop
the proposal.
2.1 RELATED STUDY
2.1.1 FOREIGN STUDY
A. An Application of Sustainable Development in Indigenous People's
Revival: The History of an Indigenous Tribes Struggle in Taiwan
Written by: Cheng-Yu Yu
Department of Urban Planning and Development Management
Chinese Culture University
Community development refers to health, housing, education, and welfare
(including economic welfare) conditions of individuals, households, and communities
within a locality. (Hindson and Vicente-Hindson 2005:12)
Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
(Swanepoel and, De Beer, 1997:31)
62
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
The association of Indigenous people with the abundant nature and natural resources it
seems a sustainable community development approach is required to fulfill the long-term
solution for the community and its surroundings. And due to the fact that the main goal of
sustainable community development for indigenous people living in fragile environment
and rich biodiversity is to ensure that the community develops continuously in social,
economic, environmental dimension and using their traditional knowledge and rituals led
to enriching and preservation of culture. For further analyzation and information, the case
study of indigenous people in Smangus Taiwan called Atayal article will able to reinforce
the deficiencies and rigidity.
Community development in a sustainable approach is a project concern of the
government which necessary had immediate action for indigenous people were located
in a far distance from the main city.They are beyond and need a high-value community
or maybe anyone, in order to perform daily life task to the fullest.The project will create a
better future for the people and to the community itself.
In mountainous regions of Hsinchu country, Smangus in Taiwan a tourist attraction with
an altitude of 1500 meters and surrounded by primitive forest and rich biodiversity where
indigenous people called Atayal are located and inhabit. The Atayal are a Taiwanese
ethnic group that has traditionally lived in the central mountains in a wide area stretching
from Taipei to the Tapachien Mountains and today are found mostly in mountains 600 to
2000 meters above sea level from Jen-ai Rural Township in the mountainous area of
Nantou to Hualien and Yilan counties in the east. There are about 91,000 of them, making
63
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
them Taiwan’s second-largest minority. They speak two languages: Atayal proper and
Sediq. [Source: Encyclopedia of World Cultures: East and Southeast Asia, edited by Paul
Hockings (C.K. Hall & Company]
Through the constant source of daily income the community will have a set of main
sources for their livelihood.This activity will cater the needs of the community and also
excel the relationship of indigenous people to the environment and to the foreign people.
Smangus residents were forced to relocate and live supervised by the Japanese officials
during the Japanese Colonial period (1895-1945) but after the colonial period the Atayal
ethnic group moved back and re-established their community and it was meaningful to
get back on their original home.According to the research due to lives in the mountain
difficult to bear without a constant source of livelihood in order to produce and supply their
needs,Atayal indigenous people many residents go back to cities to settle down.This
situation implies that livelihood is a must in a community which causes to its residents to
settle and enrich it.
Due to the discovery of the group of old junipers that led to being a tourism spot in
smangus and finally in 1995 road was constructed. And after seeing the tourism
prosperity in the community many Atayal indigenous people back to the community from
the cities. Thru the demand for tourism the supply of accommodation competing which
each other (Atayal ethnic group) and become a consequence that results in an almost
torn apart community. In order to solve the problem, the community leader Mr. Icyeh
establish a cooperation system namely Tnuman in 2004, where livestock, properties
system, daily workload to income and from land must be share everything to every
64
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
participant of Tnunan.In order to adapt and exercise new forms of knowledge, the
community sent young members to study in universities and one of them obtained a
master's degree. For instance, the concept of sustainable development was introduced
by scholars and young members of their community and later this concept re-interpreted
in all documents in relation to their community.
This case study presents an indigenous tribe’s struggle to overcome the difficulties in a
rapidly changing socio-economic environment. Community based Eco-tourism with touch
of sustainable community development set as a stepping stone for Atayal indigenous
people to stay in the Smangus and to sustain their needs. The group of old junipers (trees)
is the asset of tourism in Smagus.People and environment interaction create an
awareness to protect and preserve while exploring its beauty and richness its natural
resources.Although anyone can Indigenous people are the best groups of people the can
protect and preserve nature because they deal with it everyday.
Into the notion of sustainable development, and reinterprets it to adapt to the community’s
conditions. Furthermore, the exchanged and accumulated knowledge adds value to their
eco-tourism business by providing guided tours for tourists.
Based on the Article the goal of Atayal indigenous people community are related to the
sustainable development and compare it to the United Nations Sustainable Development
goal and chose the following Goal 8 Decent Work and Economic Growth land which
focused on encouraging the growth of enterprises, in all scales providing decent work for
all people across gender and age with equal value and promoting sustainable tourism to
create jobs and promote local culture and products (UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
65
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Development )in related to the tourist destination in Smargus community , Goal 15 Life
on Land which tackled the conservation of forests, emphasize the sustainable
management of forests, conservation of mountain ecosystem and biodiversity. The
Smangus community located in rich biodiversity which needs to conserve and protect and
lastly Goal 16 Peace, Justice and Strong Institution it provides access to justice for all
and builds effective accountable and inclusive institution at all levels. The Atayal
indigenous people believe that Tnunan is the corporation of the tribe's traditional, political,
and social structure and contemporary organizational structure on business.
66
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
2.1.2 LOCAL STUDY
Social Services Impact on Community Development in the Philippines: Case of KapitBisig sa Kahirapan Project in Camarines Sur
Written by: Ariel N. Delfino
Partido State University, Goa,
Camarines Sur, Philippines
Volume 1 2017
Every country around the globe poverty is the main problem issue needs a long term
solution.Though the incidence of poverty was reduced to a certain percentage in the
philippines, the target result of the Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD) of a difference of at least 18% was still unmet. More than 26 million Filipinos
remain poor, with 12 million still trapped in the poverty web and lacking the means to feed
themselves (Suansing, 2017).
Poor infrastructure and distance from the government and being isolated that cause
limited access to basic services. Rural communities were prevalent in poverty where the
majority of the population gets sustenance from farming and fishing. Government
services, unfortunately, do not contribute significantly to reducing poverty incidence in
these areas. People are not empowered to demand the delivery of services and influence
how the government allocates resources and prioritizes projects (Songco, 2016).
Residents from the coastal areas are vulnerable affected economically and socially by
climatic hazards, ravaging typhoons from the Pacific, extreme rainfall, severe flooding,
landslides, and other natural disasters that add to the burden of development in the
country. With this condition, the Philippine government provides and responds to social
services that help vulnerable Filipinos to be resilient against poverty and to keep them
67
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
safe from natural catastrophes. The services implemented by the government through
the DSWD are based on the Social Protection Program that seeks to reduce poverty and
vulnerability to risks, enhance the social status and rights of the marginalized by means
of promoting and protecting livelihood and employment, protect against hazards and
sudden loss of income, and improve peoples’ capacity to manage risks (Cabral, 2008).
KALAHI-CIDSS PROJECT the Kapit-bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (Linking Arms against
Poverty) Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services (KALAHI-CIDSS) is
one of the social service programs in the Philippines implemented to combat societal
dilemmas. It is a community-driven poverty alleviation project undertaken by the DSWD
to empower communities, improve local governance, and reduce poverty (Cabral, 2008).
This project targets to provide community-based activities through community-driven
development (CDD), also called a community participatory approach, that seeks to
empower local communities to identify and implement the projects they most need (Beatty
et al., 2011).
The rest was contributed by the Philippine Government through the DSWD, beneficiary
communities. The CDD principles of participatory planning and community control of
investment resources are being applied in the Philippines (Asian Development Bank,
2016). Institutionalization of CDD is reflected in how local governments undertake
participatory, inclusive development planning; allocate resources for development as well
as the parameters and criteria used in allocating resources; and implement development
programs in a participatory, transparent, and inclusive manner (Asian Development Bank,
2012).
68
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
In supporting the government’s anti-poverty programs, the key objective of the KALAHICIDSS project is to assist in strengthening people’s participation in community
governance and to develop their capacity to design, implement, and manage
development activities that reduce poverty (World Bank, nd).
This study presumed the primary impact is the improved resiliency of poor communities
to natural hazards. Improvement in access to services and infrastructure for communities
in affected provinces, and their participation in the more inclusive local disaster risk
reduction and management planning, budgeting, and implementation are the expected
outcomes of this project significantly, it helped the community stake-holders to establish
shared trust, mutual understanding, and cooperation among them. Its implementation
promotes gender equality and stakeholder empowerment, upholding accountability and
transparency in the community. Furthermore, the construction of infrastructures (e.g.,
seawalls) keeps residents safe and protected from natural hazards. Instead, they need to
establish collaborative efforts with various government agencies and Non-goberment
organization to combat the prevalent problems in the country so that it would be able to
feel the positive changes brought about by this program.
69
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Livelihood Resources, Practices and Values of Aetas in Mid-Baytan Implications to
Education and Community Development
Date Published: May 8, 2018
Author: Jo A. Espiritu
Ramon Magsaysay Technological University
Based on the research study mid-Baytan, Botolan, Zambales placed where Aetas
indigenous people practices and values their livelihood resources. The study concludes
that the Aetas of mid-Baytan possess the needed resources, skills, and values to break
the cycle of poverty. Family culture keeps their marriage and community peaceful. Due
to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo diminished the forest and mountain areas where the Aetas
used to lived. It cause to them to pushed and to settled community life with the lowlanders
in the resettlement camps. In the resettlement areas, the natives had to live with the
lowlanders and learn to live in the mainstream. However,accordong to the study the
lowlanders considered them inferior and marginalized. Having been exposed to the
standards of regular community life during their stay in resettlement camps, the Aetas of
Baytan now strive to send their children to school, believing that education will equalize
the opportunities of their children to those of their counterparts. While education is
recognized as a carrier of culture, the Aetas' awareness and adherence to their
indigenous culture, also, makes it difficult for them to integrate into the mainstream
society.This implies that indigenous people needs a different approach in terms of
education where they can learn more about their culture and at the same time they
practice and amply in daily life.Livelihood resources are family or communityowned.Family-owned resources include lands, farm animals and implements,
70
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
transportation facilities, and their dwellings.Wide vast of natural resources help them to
surpass everyday daily needs in terms of agriculture and animals raising like chickens
and pigs. It is conducted in line with the principle of “starting development with where the
people are” and collaboratively planning with the indigenous residents regarding their
predicaments, concerns, and abilities to avoid designing a development program that can
be “culturally disruptive”
The study aimed to gather livelihood-related information on the residents of the three
communities in Mid-Baytan to base a sustainable development program as well as draw
implications on education and community.Community resources include ancestral lands,
tribal governments, schools, infrastructures as well as government and non-government
organization programs. Livelihood practices described the enterprises or enterprise
combinations, production, and marketing means of the residents by which they provide
the needs of their families. Based on the research lowland farms are usually
approximately 1000 sq.m. patches planted to a pattern of Rice-sweet potato/ vegetablecassava in a year. Trading or vending is another enterprise that some of the residents
undertake to derive continuous income in the year. Hunters go hunting for food and
income as well as to enhance their hunting skills. The distance to market as well as scarce
funds and resources for small farm enterprises are limiting their earnings.They needs a
immediate assistance program from the govermenet on education shortage of IP
teachers,on health and nutrition the residents are concerned about the nutrition of
elementary school children, their sources of potable water and wanting medicinal supply.
And Communication is also a concern as it connects the communities to one another in
71
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
times of need. It could also be the fastest means of calling for assistance from civil service
units in town in cases of emergency. The related study concludes that the Aetas of midBaytan have access to vast areas of livelihood resources.In view of their values and
traditions, as well as, their desire to improve their quality of life, the development of this
indigenous community must be pursued “in their originality or within the context of their
ethnic identity”.
2.2 RELATED LITERATURE
2.2.1 LOCAL LITERATURE
A. The situation of Indigenous Peoples in the Philippines: (Committee on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights)
This Article published by TEBTEBBA -Indigenous Peoples’ International Center for Policy
Research and Education addresses all the common issues and studied problems that the
Indigenous People in the Philippines are presently facing when it comes to land rights,
economic development, health, and education. The local author also added some of their
recommendations of possible solutions to different matters that have been stated.
Indigenous Peoples’ Land Rights
Based on RA 8371 Indigenous Peoples Rights Act, the NCIP provides the mandate to
facilitate adequate representation and demarcation of Ancestral Domains of indigenous
peoples through the issuance of Certificates of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT).
Unfortunately, the ancestral domain tilting sometimes becomes a problem and difficult
72
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
procedure to other IP since no other way simplifies and streamlines the process. This
makes other IP communities not to file for issuance of CADT causing them to be
vulnerable in their own land.
Based on the Author, another problem represent the causes a delay in issuance and
approving of CADT of Indigenous people is the Land titling agencies like DAR-DENRLRA-NCIP it is because of the Administrative Order No. 01-12 that was issued in 2012,
this was to address jurisdictional and operational issues creating conflicts between land
titles. This is a problem for indigenous people because when their CADTs are
unregistered with the LRA, they are barely capable to prevent intrusion into their ancestral
domains by migrants and corporations.
Indigenous Peoples’ Right to Economic Development
There are 182 Ancestral Domains with CADTs promptly issued by the NCIP as of June
2015, only 59 have formulated their Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and
Protection Plan (ADSDPP), a development plan required by the IPRA. The local
communities with ADSDPPs were assisted by various private and public agencies, the
NCIP and local government units. It is a concern that some ADSDPPs were formulated
through the help of mining companies and electric companies like the National Power
Corporation and the Apex Mining Corporation. At present, none of the ADSDPPs
formulated has been incorporated into the Barangay (village) development plans,
resulting in conflicts in development priorities between the local government unit and the
73
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
indigenous peoples’ communities, and in non-implementation of ADSDPPs because of
lack of resources from the administration.
The author recommends the government ensures effective implementation of IP
representation in the local government units (LGUs) where they reside, particularly when
it comes to the formulation of development and land use plans, and allow IP communities
to formulate their development plans.
Right to Health
One of the fundamental problems of Indigenous people is access to health facilities. It is
stated that due to some remote community is very isolated and far from any health
centers, it results in an increase in health problems, especially in maternal births of the
IP.
"As part of the government’s commitment to meet the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs) on maternal and child health, the Department of Health (DOH) issued the“No
Home-Birthing Policy” and local government units (LGU) have implemented"
This policy penalizes traditional birth attendants and women who give birth at home create
nothing and only give more problems to IPs. Pregnant Indigenous women are now forced
to hike for long distances just to get to the nearest health facility. Indigenous women who
choose to deliver at home under the care of traditional birth attendants are fined six
74
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
thousand pesos each before childbirth can be registered, increasing the problem of the
low rate of birth registration of indigenous children.
The author recommends the modification of the policy to take into account the situation
of indigenous peoples, the repeal of punitive local ordinances, and the accreditation of
and appropriate training for traditional birth attendants.
Right to Education
Indigenous peoples are the least served in terms of access to education, mainly due to
the remoteness of their ancestral domains, as well as poverty and the prohibitive cost of
sending indigenous children to school, and the discrimination experienced by indigenous
children. The author stated that they welcome the adoption by the Department of
Education of several policies on indigenous peoples’ education but notes that these have
not been adequately implemented or funded.
The author recommends an increase in investment for inclusive education, ensuring that
programs reach indigenous communities and areas with high poverty incidence, support
for multilingual education and culturally appropriate accreditation of IP teachers.
Right to Culture
While there are several governments cultural programs and policies, indigenous peoples
are concerned that the particular program for the promotion of indigenous peoples’ culture
75
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
is through festivals, The author indicates some of it is not under the control of indigenous
peoples and sometimes misrepresents their traditional cultural expressions.
"There is demand from indigenous people for increased and sustained support for
Schools of Living Traditions (SLTs), a program of the National Commission on Culture
and the Arts (NCCA)."
The Author recommends the adoption of implementing rules for Article 31 of the IPRA on
Community Intellectual Rights for the protection of indigenous peoples’ knowledge
systems and practices (IKSPs) and intangible cultural heritage.
76
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
B. Classroom, houses for Ati tribe in Boracay
Inquirer.net
August 20, 2012
This Article comprises the Community
development that was established for
the Ati community in Boracay. In line
with the present study, this project
aims to bring a solution to the essential
needs of the community. Victoria Eliza
Aquino-Dee, President Aquino’s sister
is the vice-chairperson of the Assisi Development Foundation Inc. (ADFI), and Benjamin
Abadiano, the president who conducted the groundbreaking ceremony to launch the
housing and livelihood project in Barangay Manoc-Manoc in Boracay.
The NGO that helps the ATI indigenous communities is the ADFI, a nonstock and
nonprofit organization, their aim is providing a livelihood, housing, education, and skills
training. It is estimated 200 Ati members have been occupying an area in Manoc-Manoc,
which is covered by a government-issued certificate of ancestral domain title (CADT).
The article Indicates that the Ati community struggles in terms of education and housing
aspects. ADFI plans to provide capacity structures like Classrooms and housing in the
barangay Manoc Manoc. The construction of the Ati Development Complex started in
77
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
2012
led
by
Abadiano.
The
construction plan involves putting up a
multipurpose building that will serve
as a classroom for preschool children
and a training center for adults. A total
of 48 houses will be constructed for
the Ati people. The complex will have
a clinic, livelihood center, heritage
house, chapel and a restaurant for
visitors and tourists which will be run by the locals in the community.
“The project would help ensure a sustainable community and develop self-reliance among
the Ati members,” - Abadiano.
The Ati tribe has been occupying parts of a 2.1-hectare property covered by the CADT
granted by the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) on January 21, 2011.
But three claimants have been contesting the CADT. The NCIP and anthropological
studies have supported claims that the Ati people represent the earliest settlers of
Boracay but were displaced and driven away. Nestor P. Burgos Jr., Inquirer Visayas.
78
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
C. Kabayabasan Project: A Road Toward Indigenous Cultural Community (ICC)
Development
This publication was written by Building Lives for Better future, a non- government
organization. They document the state of the Ibaloi in Sitio Kabayabasan in San Nicolas
Pangasinan. Brgy. San Felipe East is located 12 kilometers away. From Sitio which is
located at the foot of the mountain to Sitio Kabayabasan, it is more or less 4 kilometers
due to its winding trails in the mountains.
Kabayabasan as Ancestral Domain
“The Ibaloi Tribe generally holds the Indigenous Cultural Community/ Indigenous
Peoples’ (ICC/IPs’) private but communal property which belongs to all generations and
shall neither be sold, disposed nor destroyed”.
Reaching the place
The Organization documents their
journey
on
reaching
the
Ibaloi
community is Sitio Cabasayawan.
The place can be reached by a
single motorbike called enduro or on
foot. riding a motorbike will only take
you at least 30 minutes, route the
dangerous and winding trails. The road is uneven, with furrows in the middle. The surface
of the road has scattered stones on the road surface and even protruding sharp stones
79
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
in the middle of the road or side road. The organization also added that you can reach
the place using the old foot trails for less than two hours; however, precaution is needed
as you might slip from the 50-feet cliff if out-balanced.
Infrastructure for Basic Services Still Needed
Their team described the present condition of the Ibaloi community, by observation there
is a lack of infrastructure in the area, no street lights, no cemented road but only a few
meters of scattered cemented pathways for motorbikes only, no barangay hall, no health
center, and small stores exist but it is not enough to supply the basic needs of the whole
community. Also, they added that the community had electricity connection only in 2017.
Livelihood
The Organization conducts a survey in December 2018, 82.14% or the majority of the
Ibaloi families are engaged in farming. They plant rice, string beans, pechay, gabi or taro,
sweet potatoes, yams, cassava, eggplant, tomatoes, pepper, bananas, and the like. The
rest of the occupation they are engaged in construction work, driving, laborer, and fishing.
Health
With regard to the health condition and nutritional status of the children who happen to
walk 6 km just to go to Kabayabasan elementary school which has no clinic and medical
supplies. The medical team from the Division Office rarely comes to visit this school to
check the medical and nutritional status of the pupils. Since the population of CES is only
56 pupils at the moment, their budget allocation form DeEd is just minimal.
80
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
BLBF Kabayabasan Projects
● Scholarship Grants to Ibaloi Pupils
The organization grants school supplies at the beginning of the school year: bags,
umbrellas, shoes, and uniforms. For their quarterly provision: pad papers, crayons, and
pencils/ ball pens. For daily provision: lunch and snacks.
● Livelihood Training Center
The publisher suggests that there is a need for the construction of the Livelihood Training
Center in the community where livelihood training will be conducted, such as basket
weaving and other souvenir items that can be sold locally.
● Green Revolution Program
Sitio Kabayabasan is an ideal site for home gardening and communal gardening. The
community can allot a portion of their ancestral domain for planting seasonal crops,
vegetables, and citrus plants. Water supply is not a problem as there is a continuous
supply of water from the mountain. Only pipelines are needed to purchase for watering
purposes.
81
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
2.2.2 FOREIGN LITERATURE
Matses
By The Matses Movement
The Matses Movement
Address: Calle Los Lirios No. 126, Iquitos, Peru
Telephone: (+ 51) 965-000650
E-mail: info@matses.org
The Matses Movement is a non-profit association was the directors are entirely
from the Matses tribe itself who offers assistance to the Matses people. The Matses
people beliefs that with education and experience their nation capable of handling
themselves, determining their future, and independent of the wishes and interests of
outsiders.
The author primarily mission is to offer assistance to the Matses indigenous
communities so that their lands and native culture can conserve through their sustainable
and autonomous manner.
82
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
“Our mission is to provide support to the Matsés communities so that they can preserve
their culture and lands sustainably and independently.”
-The Matses Movement
Matses background:
According to the Author, approximately 2,200 Indigenous people are living in the
Yavari Valley of Peru and Brazil who called themselves Matses were also called
Mayorunas in Brazil referred to as the "cat people" due to the characteristics of their
"whiskers" and facial tattoos.
Matsés people have no regular economic income, with self-sufficient hunting and
fishing being their primary economic activities. The Matsés have had legal title to their
lands with 452,735 hectares along the Yavarí, Yaquerana, and Gálvez Rivers. At present,
no outsiders are extracting resources (timber, game, or fruits) from the land, thus
conserving the resources and making a sustainable existence possible.
Despite the richness of their culture and way of life, the Matsés people live in
extreme poverty with diseases such as malaria and hepatitis extracting an incredible toll
in terms of human suffering and mortality. Lack of basic services such as health and
education jeopardizes the ability of the Matsés to defend their lands and way of life.
The author’s launched projects that will help the Matses people to have certain
resources that will generate a sustainable and economic income, a health project that will
83
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
prevent disease epidemics that jeopardizes the survival of the Matsés people, and a
program that will help Matses people in terms of education and knowledge of the outside
to defend their lands and way of life. The author believes that if Matses people have a
chance or give them a chance to help themselves, they are capable of surviving in a
changing world. The following projects are the solution of the author for the Matses
problem:
Adopt an Indigenous School Program
The Matses are believing that education can maintain their indigenous culture so
the author has recently launched a new program to provide basic school supplies for the
Matses children and the teacher as well.
Clean Water Systems
The Native Amazon tribes are experiencing a medical problem in Malaria and
Hepatitis. One of the author goals is to install clean water systems in all Matses
communities to prevent these diseases that devastated numerous indigenous
communities.
Communal Handicrafts Workshop
There's no regular economic income that Matses people has, only selling meat
and pelts from animals they hunt and these are not enough for their daily basis. To
achieve the author goal, the “Communal Handicrafts Workshop” has launched for the
Matses communities to preserve their culture through a sustainable manner. This will help
84
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Matses communities to preserve their indigenous knowledge of how to their hunting items
and may well result in a renaissance of Matsés art and craftsmanship.
Cultural Education Program
The President of The Matses Movement has written a book entitled, The
Traditional Life of the Matsés. To appeal to a greater audience, the book is written in three
languages - Matsés, Spanish, and English. The main purpose of this book is to teach the
Matsés youth of the cultural traditions of the Matsés.
Sustainable Agriculture Development
The Matsés need to develop new agriculture methods and crops to sustain
productivity on their lands. Successful innovative agricultural projects have been
implemented in other indigenous communities and serve as models of sustainability.
Matsés Native Community
The Matsés are seeking the expansion of the Matsés Native Community lands to
include the areas directly adjoining the present Matsés titled lands. The amplification of
the Matses territory will guarantee the sustainability of the region and prevent destructive
practices such as logging and the establishment of settlements by outsiders. Moreover,
it will provide watershed protection and permanent preservation of an important source
area for fish and wildlife populations.
85
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Conclusion:
Through the helping hands of The Matses Movement project that will help to
preserve Matses culture and lands can use in what the researchers aim for the community
development for Ibaloi. The strategy of the author to solve the economic problem of
Matses people sustainably and independently are appropriate to adapt to the Ibaloi
community development in Sitio Kabayabasan in San Nicolas, Pangasinan. This will help
and raise the income rate of Ibalois while enriching their culture and show to other people
the rich culture of our native Ibaloi. With the help of non-government organization and
Local Government Unit and the community itself.
86
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Community development in indigenous Guatemala by Mayan Families
By Erika Alatalo
July 12, 2017
Mayan Families
Telephone: +1 (619) 550-2608
E-mail: info@mayanfamilies.org
This blog created by the author in order to inform and share the author discoveries
to the people such as architects, engineers, travelers and anyone who has an interest in
sustainability and contains three (3) months experience of the author's internship with
Mayan Families, a Guatemalan non-profit organization that works with alleviating poverty
in indigenous Mayan villages in Sololá department by Lake Atitlan.
The author says that the Mayan Families aims to improve the lives of indigenous
Guatemalans and their goal is to create long-term progress through student sponsorship,
vocational training, microloans, and health initiatives, as well as providing emergency
service to those in critical need. To achieve their goal, they engage several projects and
one of the programs is Shelter Program that improves housing conditions and builds
community infrastructure such as preschools.
87
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Mayan Families has several ongoing projects, including building and running preschools,
such as this one in the village of El Barranco.
Alleviating poverty through improved housing
The author said that many of Guatemala's have no durable and safe house, prone
to landslide, earthquake and have no strong foundation. Like previously said shelter
program is one of the Mayan Families projects to ensure that Guatemala families have a
decent and safe shelter.
According to the author, Mayan Families have conditions in order to start this
project, one of these is that the property title has to be in mother’s name because the
NGO wants to protect the mother and children in case the father abandons them and they
also prefer to repair the existing houses.
88
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
This simple but needed house was built by Mayan Families during my internship.
Mayan Families also connects houses to water, electricity and drainage networks
or builds septic tanks. In some cases, donors have sponsored solar panels which relieves
pressure on the family by removing the need to pay electric bills. NGO also gives families
water filters for safe drinking water and installs fuel-efficient stoves that reduce smokes.
Community development for long-lasting results
Mayan Families promotes community development with various programs
involving health initiatives, education, vocational training, and even one community
garden and for Mayan Families education is important for the Indigenous children in
Guatemala. They built preschools that are teaching in both Spanish and the native
Kaqchikel.
89
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
During the internship of the author in Mayan Families, there are two preschools
that are under construction in Tierra Linda and Peña Blanca. These preschools were
designed to be cost-efficient with large classrooms, natural daylight, and an easily
accessible kitchen for serving lunch. Students also receive nutritious meals, which fights
malnutrition and removes some of the financial burdens from the parents.
This Mayan Families preschool is under construction in the village of Tierra Linda.
Water shortage and clean water are other problems faced by rural communities in
Guatemala. When parents need to pick up their child, they supposed to bring two liters of
water for them and their child. To solve their problem engineering students from the US
came to install a rainwater harvesting system in the Mayan Families preschools in the
village of El Barranco. The new rainwater harvesting system gives the school an
alternative source of water, makes the school more self-sufficient, and relieves pressure
on the parents.
90
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
This new rainwater harvesting system at El Barranco preschool discards the first rain so
that the harvested water is free from the dirt that has accumulated on the roof.
With these projects and programs of Mayan Families, the author is amazed and
ensures that the effects of Mayan Family's works will be great and give a livable
community for the children of Guatemala and for generations to come.
“This way Mayan Families could add to the positive work it is doing, by ensuring that the
communities stay vibrant and livable for generations to come so that the unique
indigenous culture has a place to thrive.”
-Erika Alatalo
Conclusion:
With the concern of Mayan Families and their projects, they become a big help to
the indigenous people of Guatemala. To achieve the researchers' goal in the community
development for Ibaloi, the Mayan Families works are appropriate to adapt. The projects
91
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
of housing, education and even the rainwater harvesting system are will imply and create
a great impact on the development of the Ibaloi community in Sitio Kabayabasan in San
Nicolas, Pangasinan. These projects of the organization are a huge help for the main
concern of the Ibaloi community
2.3 SYNTHESIS
There are still social issues and economic problems that the Filipino IP community faces
in the present era. All concerns regarding rights, economic status, education, health, and
culture need to be taken seriously and come up with a long-term solution that the
government needs to provide. Community development properly marks a foundationally
novel approach to progressively improving indigenous communities incorporates in a rich
environment and abundant biodiversity. The study suggests that the government and
non-profit organization's participation and supervision are essential to achieve the goal of
the study which is to positively enhance their capability to work toward long-term stability.
With all the studies and literature that the researcher found, the proposed sustainable
community development will assess the needs of the people without compromising
potential risk to nature and itself. It will cater to the primary goal of the United Nations
Agenda regarding sustainable community development. All the articles regarding IP
community development created a positive impact on social, economic and
environmental aspects which this study may lead into.
92
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
2.4 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the related study and literature that has been reviewed are indicating that
the proposal is possible. Despite the country's growing and becoming a modern society,
there are still Indigenous people that needs to be developed not only to improve their way
of life but also to help the nation's agenda on promoting and preserving ethnic culture and
traditions. Sustainable community development will help and arise the indigenous
people's way of living that will leave a mark towards a long-term solution that will address
their problems. The situation in Sitio Kabayabasan needs immediate planning and action
regarding education, livelihood, health, economy, environment, culture preservation,
community integration, and ancestral domain security. Sustainable community
development will rest assured as a solution for the Ibaloi to address those impediments.
93
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the researcher defines and presents how they have done procedures or
techniques used to identify, select, process, and analyze information about the research
topic. Also, this chapter explains how the researcher will conclude answers through an
architectural solution regarding the problem situation of the community of Ibalio in Sitio
Kabayabasan, Pangasinan.
3.1 METHOD OF RESEARCH
Descriptive/ Quantitative Method
This type of research includes many particular research methodologies and procedures,
such as observations, surveys, investigations and data gathering. The four parameters of
research will help us understand how descriptive quantitative method in research. The
researcher studied the current situation of the Ibaloi community in Sitio Kabayabasan in
Pangasinan regarding their health, education, livelihood, housing, and mostly to their
ancestral domain and culture. And also, this method will gather data that describe events
and then organizes, tabulates and depicts the data. The researcher analyzed the situation
of Ibaloi indigenous people in Sitio Kabayabasan, Pangasinan and seek an architectural
solution regarding the problems of the community.
94
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
3.2 SELECTION AND DESCRIPTION OF RESPONDENT
3.2.1 SETTING
The researcher will conduct a survey and interview in the 303 Ibaloi living in a community
located in Sitio Kabayabasan, Pangasinan residents. Basically, Ibaloi indigenous people
originated in Benguet but in the study of the researcher, this Ibaloi community owns the
2378 hectares of ancestral domain located in Sitio Kabayabasan, Pangasinan.
3.2.2 RESPONDENT
The researcher will analyze who are those respondents must participate in data gathering
to understand the well-conducted study. The main recipient of the study is the 315 Ibaloi
indigenous people who lived in Sitio Kabayabasan, Pangasinan.

Elders, adults and young adult ages from 18 to 60 years old

Local Government Unit Official and Employees
They will undergo several surveys and interview regarding the community problems and
needs to further understand their situation.
3.2.3 SAMPLING PROCEDURE
The researcher conducts an immersion in the Ibaloi community in Sitio Kabayabasan,
Pangasinan in order to process an interview and survey for the residents. Their perception
and response are vital for the research. In this method, the researcher is going to give the
questionnaires only to Ibaloi since the Sitio is under their ancestral domain. The number
of respondents is based on the formula used. The respondents are chosen through a
95
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
simple sampling method where each individual is chosen entirely by chance and each
member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the sample.

Ibaloi youth ages 15 to 18 and adults aged 18 above.
Total population of Sitio Kabayabasan 2017
Age
Children (0-17)
MALE
58
FEMALE
53
Total
111
Youth (15-24)
40
Adult (25-30)
80
Senior (60-above) 5
39
61
8
79
141
13
Total
161
329
183
The researcher only chose the youth and adult to be accounted for the computation of
respondents with the sum of 220 population. The number of sampling size is computed
through the standard formula:
N= Overall Population
n= Number of
Respondents
0.7= Error
Equation 1. Number of respondents
After using the formula, the result of 104.76 rounded off to 105 overall population are
the ones who are going to be selected for the survey and interviews.
96
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
3.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTRUMENT USED
3.3.1 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES
Reference research and gathering data in books, articles, and URLs are not enough
information to the study so the researchers conduct a survey to the Ibalois in Sitio
Kabayabasan which are the beneficiaries of the proposal to have a primary data that
consist of personal information, opinions and to determine the problems of the community
in the point of view of beneficiaries. The survey will allow expressing their real condition
that will give the researcher specific problems and gives a higher chance to formulate a
great solution. The Likert Scale was used to most of the questions to determine the
equivalence adjective of each criterion.
It is described as follows:
The Likert scale is a pre-arranged system, one-dimensional scale from which the
respondent will be choosing one option that reflects their opinion. There are classically
five options to be offered.
3.3.2 INTERVIEW
This study also makes use of interviews for it can be an opportunity for Clarification and
gives the researcher a better understanding of the researcher's study. All related
government agencies are expected to be part of the interviews. Since the study focuses
97
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
on Culture and Indigenous People, the National Commission on Indigenous People
(NCIP) and the National Commission on Culture, Arts (NCCA) and Non-Government
Organization plays a big role in this research study.
3.3.3 BOOKS AND RESEARCH DATA
The researcher visits and studies any books or magazines that are related to the culture
and traditions of the Ibaloi community so that the team would have a better understanding
of the study. The researcher visited the library of Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP)
and the National Commission on Culture and Arts and provided the team with some
reliable sources of information regarding the history and culture of Ibaloi.
3.3.4 LAPTOP AND PERSONAL COMPUTER
The researcher used this device that is very reliable when it comes to data gathering,
creating presentations, and for typing and editing. In addition, the Internet connection
plays a vital part in this study since some of the data, news articles, and related studies
were gathered on the internet.
3.3.5 CELL PHONE AND DIGITAL CAMERA
The researcher used these tools for communication with other people and contact
persons, especially the Local government unit and non- government organization that is
related to the concerns of the present study. A digital camera is very useful for the
documentation and presentation of the research study.
98
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
3.3.6 PHOTOCOPY MACHINE and PRINTERS
The researcher used Photocopy machine to produce multiple copies of letters and
gathered data, copies of books, and outputs while printer helps the provision of Hard
copies of letters, and the Output of the research study.
3.4 VALIDATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE
3.4.1 VALIDATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE
First, the researcher consulted their thesis adviser for any revisions. The researcher
conducts a sampling survey to various people using google docs and analyze the results
and revise those questions that has flaws and not appropriate, resulting into a revised
questionnaire.
3.4.2 REVISION OF QUESTIONNAIRE
After the validation, the researcher revised and produces a final output for the survey that
can be distributed to the Ibaloi community in Sitio Kabayabasan. The revised survey
ensures its effectiveness due to validation and consultation with people and professors.
3.5 GATHERING OF DATA
The gathered data will undergo classifying, tallying and tabulation. This process will help
the researcher to further understand and analyze the data gathered.
99
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
3.5.1 CLASSIFYING
The researchers classified their data gathered into two different parts which are the
primary and secondary data.
Primary Data: This data consists of surveys, observation, investigation, and interviews.
The survey consists of 3 parts:

Part 1: Personal information- The survey asked the respondents about their
personal information which is the Ibaloi of Sitio Kabayabasan.

Part 2: Feasibility of the proposal- this part of the survey consists of questions
about whether the proposal is applicable for or if the proposal is accepted by the
Ibaloi community. The researcher also aims to know what they think about
developing their community.

Part 3: Design of the proposal- This part of the survey asks the respondents for
their own preference on how the community development will work, what facilities
are needed for them, and what are the preferred design that can help them in
promoting their own culture and identity
Secondary Data: This consists of data gathered from newspaper, articles, case studies,
literature etc.
3.5.2 TALLYING
Once the survey is completed, the researchers tallied the results from the respondents of
the beneficiaries which is the Ibalois in Sitio Kabayabasan . Tallying the answers of the
Ibaloi contributes to determining the crucial needs and the problem solution for their
100
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
community. The tallied result will be presented in graphs and charts based on the gender,
and age of the respondent for better illustrations.
3.5.3 TABULATION
The researchers will tabulate the final output of the tallied result, this will present by
graphs and charts which will be represented each question and their answer. Then the
result will be summarized and will be indicated the final conclusion of the survey question.
3.5.4 SAMPLE OF SURVEY FORMS
“SIGED JEN ILI: A PROPOSED SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN SITIO CABAYAWASAN”
Ang talatanungan na ito ay bahagi ng pagkumpleto sa aming Thesis Book para sa
Architectural Design subject. Ang pagsagot sa papel na ito ay labis na makakatulong
para saamin. Tiyak na ang lahat ng iyong mga tugon ay gagamitin para lamang sa mga
layuning pang-edukasyon.
Part 1. Personal Info
Edad: _______ Kasarian: ___________
Bilang ng anak: ___ Bilang ng tao sa inyong pamilya: ____
Edukasyong Nakamit:
Okupasyon:
Hindi nakapag-aral
Walang trabaho
Elementarya
Studyante
Secondarya
Retirado
Kolehiyo
Nagtratrabaho bilang:
Masteral
__________________
101
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Kinikita Kada Araw
0 - 100 pesos
300- 500 pesos
100- 200 pesos
500- 1000 pesos
200- 300 pesos
1000 pesos – pataas
Ilang taon na po kayo naninirahan sa Sitio Cabayawasan? ______ taon
PART 2: Feasibility of the proposal
1.
Kailangan ba paunlarin ang komunidad ng Sitio Cabayawasan sa Pangasinan.?
Lubos na sumasangayon
Sang-ayon
Walang opinyon
Di sumsang-ayon
Lubos na di sumasang-ayon
2.
Kailangan ba paunlarin ang kultura at tradisyon ng mga ibaloi?
Lubos na sumasangayon
Sang-ayon
Walang opinyon
Di sumsang-ayon
Lubos na di sumasang-ayon
3.
Ang komunidad ay bukas sa ibat-ibang positibong pagbabago?
Lubos na sumasangayon
Sang-ayon
Walang opinyon
Di sumsang-ayon
Lubos na di sumasang-ayon
4.
Maayos at ligtas ang dinaraanan ng mga studyante ng Sitio Cabayawasan
papuntang Paaralan?
Lubos na sumasangayon
Sang-ayon
Walang opinyon
Di sumsang-ayon
Lubos na di sumasang-ayon
5.
Sapat ang kinikita ng bawat pamilya na naninirahan sa Sitio Cabaywasan?
102
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Lubos na sumasangayon
Sang-ayon
Walang opinyon
Di sumsang-ayon
Lubos na di sumasang-ayon
6.
Sapat ang pasilidad ng Sitio Cabayawasan pagdating sa pangkalusugan?
Lubos na sumasangayon
Sang-ayon
Walang opinyon
Di sumsang-ayon
Lubos na di sumasang-ayon
7.
Naisasagawa pa ang kultura at tradisyon ng mga Ibaloi sa Sitio Cabayawasan.
Lubos na sumasangayon
Sang-ayon
Walang opinyon
Di sumsang-ayon
Lubos na di sumasang-ayon
Part 3: Project Design
1.
Markahan ang mga pasilidad na kailangan ng komunidad ng Sitio
Cabasayawan?
Pabahay (Housing)
Paaralan (School)
Klinika (Health clinic)
Bulwagan (Tribal Hall)
Pagawaan (Workshops)
Kapilya (Chapel)
Libangan (Basketball court, Playground)
Merkado (Public Market)
At iba pa: _______________________
103
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
2.
Bawat pasilidad ay dapat akma sa kultura at tradisyon ng ibaloi
Nararapat
Di Nararapat
Walang opinyon
3.
Bigyan ng grado ang mga nakikitang kakulangan at pangangailangan ng inyong
komunidad sa mga sumusunod na aspeto:
1- Lubos nasisiyahan
Tubig
Kalusugan
2- Nasisiyahan
Kuryente
Trabaho
3- Sapat lang
Pagkain
Kapaligiran
Damit
Transportation
Tahanan
Seguridad
4- Hindi nasisiyahan
5- Lubos na di nasisiyahan
4.
Nakakaranas po ba kayo ng pagkasira ng tahanan at pananim dahil sa
kalamidad?
Madalas
Minsan
Bihira
Hindi
5.
May Local na pamahalaan o organization na po bang pumunta at tumulong
sainyong komunidad?
Mayroon: _____________________ Wala
6.
Magbigay ng komento o nais ipamungkahi tungkol sa inyong komunidad.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
104
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
CHAPTER IV: DATA GATHERING
4.1 ITERATION OF OBJECTIVES
In this Chapter, the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data, all the findings of
the survey, and quantitative research will be indicated. All of the gathered data will
initially fulfill the objectives of the research study which are:
● To conduct research and gather some data regarding the present situation,
condition, and issues of the Ibaloi community in Sitio Kabayabasan.
● To help improve the preservation of culture and traditions of the Ibaloi due to
modernization.
STRATEGIES:
○ The new generation of the Ibaloi is slowly forgetting its ancestral culture and
traditions. The proposed community will provide a non-formal education and
schools of living traditions that will teach the younger generation about their
Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Practices (IKSP)
● To provide adequate and sustainable facilities for Agriculture, and businesses that
will showcase the traditional livelihood of Ibaloi.
STRATEGIES:
○ The rich handicrafts of Ibaloi are one of the greatest treasures that the
ethnic community embraces. Improve utilization of resources and
technology for agriculture that will result in effective harvesting.
● Help Ibaloi to maximize the use of their ancestral land for them to establish “ili” or
community for them to uplift their basic needs.
105
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
STRATEGIES:
○ Sitio Kabayabasan is an approved Ancestral Domain of Ibaloi. They need
to know and use their rights to develop in terms of housing, livelihood,
health, education, cultural aspects to uplift their way of life. The strategies
are to designed both to support traditional community capacity building, and
to promote economic activities closely related to their traditional knowledge
and culture such as handcrafts.
● Conserve biodiversity, attaining atmospheric balance, the productivity of soil as
well as other systems of the natural environment.
STRATEGIES:
○ Sustainable use of natural resources component and design to improve
incomes derived from the sustainable use of forests, soils, water and other
natural resources.
106
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
4.2 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
4.2.1 Data Management
INTERVIEW
Photo with NCIP Community Service Center
of Region 1 in Urdaneta, Pangasinan with the
staff and Development Management Officer
V, Dr. Enrique P. Delos Santos, Jr. The
researchers interviewed Dr. Enrique about the
requirements that need to submit to get the
data needed for the project proposal.
Photo Opportunity with the Development
Management Officer V, Dr. Enrique P. Delos
Santos and other staff
Photo with NCIP Regional Office No. 1 in San
Fernando, La Union with the Engineer III,
Eng. Luis M. Andres. Researchers
interviewed Eng. Andres about the project
proposal regarding Sitio Kabayabasan
ADSDPP, CADTs, and IKSP of the Ibaloi.
Photo Opportunity with the Engineer III, Eng. Luis
M. Andres of NCIP region 1
107
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Photo with NCIP Regional Office No. 1 in
San Fernando, La Union with the Regional
Director IV, Manuel A. Jaramilla, Ph.D. The
NCIP Regional Office No. 1 request NCIP
Community Service Center to assist the
researchers in their project proposal.
Photo Opportunity with Regional Director IV,
Manuel A. Jaramilla, Ph.D
Photo with BLBF or Building Lives for
Better Future founder, Mr. Jose Q. Chan,
Jr. or JC. BLBF is the NGO that directly
helps the Ibaloi community. The photo
was taken in the school for IP it is called
IP village in San Isidro, San Nicholas,
Pangasinan.
Photo Opportunity with BLBF Founder/CEO Mr.
Jose Q. Chan
With the help of the NGO, the Ibaloi
gathered in Cabayabasan Elementary
school in Sitio Kabayabasan for
community assembly to present the
proposal and conducts survey and
interviews.
Photo Opportunity with the Ibaloi in a community
assembly.
108
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 10. Photo of draft Ancestral domain
map of Ibaloi
The researcher had an opportunity to see their
existing map of the community. This way the
researcher can allocate the facilities needed in
their ancestral domain for the community
development.
109
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
To gather further information, the researchers went to San Fernando, La Union to
interview the staff of NCIP – Region 1 and Non-Profit Organization. The data gathered
will help the researcher to have a deeper understanding of the project proposal and the
Ibaloi community.
Interview with NCIP Regional Office No. 1 in San Fernando, La Union, Engineer III, Eng.
Luis M. Andres:
The interview with Eng. Luis M. Andres was a huge help that though his knowledge, the
researchers were enlightened about how ADSDPP, CADTs, and IKSPs formulate and
mandate. Eng. Andres’s insights are a testimony that the project proposal is truly needed
and necessary to conduct. According to him, the ADSDPP for the Ibaloi community in
Sitio Kabayabasan has been a draft since it was planned. It means no implementation
has started. Here’s the statement of Eng. Andres.“Ading mahirap buhay nila doon unang
punta naming doon last 2016 wala silang kuryente, pero ngayon meron naman na last
2017 nagkaroon sila, may elementary school naman, tapos malayo nilalakad ng mga
estudyante ng highschool doon halos dalawang oras, wala rin silang clinic, kulang sila
sa livelihood facility tulad ng pagaalaga ng mga hayop tas sa gamit sa pagtatanim kaya
sakto yung thesis niyo galingan niyo para mapakita sa mas mataas na kinuukulan at
maisagawa, dito kasi sa NCIP maliit lang ang pondo namin, kulang din sila sa trabaho
para sa pangangailangan ng pamilya nila, yung bahay nila ok naman siguro konting
upgrade ang kasi iba na panahon ngayon, malalakas na ang mga bagyo madaling masira
bahay nila.” Based on the statement of Eng. Luis M. Andres, it implies that the community
110
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
in Sitio Kabayasan where Ibaloi indigenous people lived is dealing with different
community problems including housing, health, education, and livelihood facilities for
them to live the life easily and comfortably. Engr.Andres stated “May training sila pero di
kami yung nagtraining sa kanila kasi di kami expert nakikipagcommunicate kami sa
TESDA to train them kasi sila may facility tsaka yung UB Universty of Baguio. Oo pero
limited lang fundings naming kaya training pa lang.”
As the interview continues, the researchers learned how NCIP trains an Indigenous
Cultural Communities or ICC for an agriculture project, for example, the Banana
Plantation and Marketing project for the Ibaloi community that declared in ADSDPP.
However, due to the lack of fundings, this project is not implemented.
And moreover “Yung tungkol naman diyan kasi meron silang IKSP ading bali sila yung
nagplano ng gusto nilang gawin sa community nila ang trabaho namin is to translate and
facilitate, yung mga needs nila iidentify nila lahat, kung ano yung mga prioritize. Yun
yong mga ililista sa investment plan, nakalista yon by year. Meron silang ADSPP pero
halfway palang hindi pa tapos madami pang dapat gawin inaayos pa namin kung baga
on process palang” Engr. Andres said.
IKSPs or the Indigenous Knowledge System Practices are an extensive program or
practice of certain indigenous people. Eng. Andres has taught the interviewers on how
this program works and how it was formulated and he added that the ADSPP for the
111
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
community of Ibaloi in Sitio Kabayabasan is on the process not yet done. Through this
interview, researchers learned that there are no implemented sustainable plans for the
community of Ibaloi in Sitio Kabayabasan.
After the researcher's interview with the official government concern NCIP region 1 La
Union. In order to further gather more data and info about the situation of Ibaoi in Sitio
Kabayabasan they conduct interview to Mr. Jose Q. Chan Jr. also known as “Sr. JC “ the
founder and President of BLBF (Building Lifes for Better Future) a Non-Profit Organization
helps Ibaloi regarding to their needs not only help to surpass one day needs but a
sustainable help which trains them also to help themselves.
During interview the founder of BLBF stated “Some extend help to the Indigenous Cultural
Communities or ICC through good deeds, feeding programs, provision of hygiene kit,
cloths, and etc. However, this could lead to dependency.” And he also added the back
story
about
how
he
come
up
in
helping
the
Ibaloi
community
in
Sitio
kabayabasan,Pangasinan.“Taga Pangasinan ang parents ko but lumaki ako sa baguio
and I study there palipat lipat kasi kami but for short di ako nakagraduate ng college
nagtrabaho ako and napadpad ako sa amerika at dun nagsipag magtrabaho and 80
percent ng kita ko eh nialalaan ko sa pagtulong sa tao kaya nga when I’ve learned that
there is a story na mayroong mga estudyante na
naglalakad ng two hours para
makapasok sa eskwelehan napaisip ako na meron ba talaga?so I went there to check
and validate if its true, and after I visited my heart touched and I feel that they need my
help based on what my two eyes saw, so after that I decided immediately to help them
112
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
not only to help them once but to create a strategy on how to help them that will have a
permanent affect to their community.Kasi marami naman talagang tumutulong sa kanila
different church's organization and etc but for only one day in able to surpass a day
struggle only, and after the things that they gave to them left nothing they back to zero
again.So that’s the problem no sustainable solution it's only creating dependency
because they stop dream and work they only wait somebody or someone to help them.
We the BLBF will change that perspective we want them to dream and achieve it in the
future.We have a scholarship program para sa mga anak nila.At nagtayo ako dormitory
para sa mga estudyante para di na sila maglakad araw araw pwede na sila magstay dun
at uuwi sila every weekend. Through our help we Build their lives for better future and we
want to attain the goal.”
Based on sir JC experienced in visiting the community of Ibaloi in Sitio Kabayasan, the
situation of the community indeed facing problems related to livelihood, health and
education aspects. Ibaloi community needs an action that helps them to feel the essence
of having a quality of life. Indigenous people can cope in this situation but their needs to
grow as time pass by. He also said “Gaya nga ng sinabi ko kanina matata-touched yung
mga puso niyo, mahirap ang buhay minsan asin ang ulam nila mayroon namang maliit
na sari sari store dun sa itaas kaso nauubusan din ng supply o kaya kinakain din nung
may-ari kapag kinakapos sila, dahil sa kawalan ng permanenteng trabaho o mga gulay
na kailangan nila ng trabaho kaya naman we trained them but we lack in facility tulad
sana ng para pag-aalaga ng mga hayop tsaka imbakan ng mga naani nila wala din silang
clinic kahit sabihin nating may alam sila sa mga halamang gamot hindi sapat yun, they
need a medical assistant, sa education meron dun elementay school, isang palapag lang
113
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
pero atleast meron, gusto ko sana magtayo ng school for the parents na gusto
maapagaral. And as of now they learned gradually to help themselves on the way that
they do not need to wait for the help of the others, but at this point they still need help
regarding facilities para sa pagaalaga ng hayop at sa imbakan ng mga tanim.”
Sir JC repeatedly said that BLBF was here to create a strategy on how they help the Ibaloi
community in a way that they will learn to help themselves and end the attitude of being
waiting for the help. Sir JC and the BLBF plays a vital role in improving the community
status and help them to grow their ability in thinking and creating a way to organize
livelihood sources. “Yes madami but as of now we are studying it and before we finalized,
but one of this is to teach and train the students about business, we help them to grow as
business thinkers kasi dapat nakakaipon sila ng pera para sa pagaaral nila, sa
pangangailangan nila, so what we did is we let them create a products and we are the
one who sells it. We also train them to plant and harvest well different types of vegetables,
and we buy those vegetables and we eat it in the office. We monitor the results of their
work, each of the students has monitoring sheets.” Sir JC added.
The programs of BLBF help the Ibaloi community especially the young Ibalois enlighten
in the life that they need to know and practice how they generate an income to help their
respectively family. With this program, the capability and the ability will excel in the sense
that they are open in this taught about earning and saving income at the same time.
114
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Based on the interview of the researcher with different peoples and group's concerns in
the community of Ibaloi in Sitio Kabayabasan, the researcher come up that they all have
the same thoughts regarding the situation of the community and the problems of Ibaloi
indigenous people about housing, health, education, and livelihood facilities. The data
gathered implies the feasibility of the project proposal to improve the situation of the
community which will create a big and longer impact from generation up to coming
generation in addressed community problems. It indicates that a Community
Development in sitio kabayabasan is needed and appropriate to the conducted study of
the researcher.
Interview with Shenlee Paran an Ibaloi College Student and BLBF Scholar regarding to
the culture and beliefs of the Ibaloi indigenous people
“ Dati kasi napapractice pa talaga yung culture naming pero ngayon di na masyado,
tulad nung sa kasal iba na yung ginagawa naming tas pag namamatayan din. Wala
kasing sementeryo sa lugar naming, bali kapag may namamatay nililibing sa gilid o
likuran ng bahay, doon naghuhukay ng malalim tas tatabunan nalang. Wala na din
kaming lugar para sa mga ritual naming kaya di na napapractice.”
“Tas pag may community assembly naman magtatawag yong chieftain don kami sa
tribal hall kaso di na ganon kayos yon medyo sira na. Mayroon pong limang family clan
dito sa amin, Bay-an, Paran, Cayabas, May-an, at Pedro. Bay-an po ang
pinakamatanda at naunang ibaloi dito sa Sitio Kabayabasan. Yung mga Bay-an lang
yung makikita niyong mula noon hanggang ngayon ganon pa din yung materyales ng
bahay nila, sila lang yung nagpreserve nong lumang style ng bahay ng mga ibaloi, dati
kasi kahoy tas kawayan at kugon tas ngayon karamihan na kasi gawa na sa bato
(concrete) at yero.”
115
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
“Yung mga bahay din don nakaangat, yung iba nakapatong sa bato meron bato tas
nakapatong yung kahoy. Yung sa kusina naman naming iba iba may naggagatong
ganon pero lahat ng bahay don sa labas yung kusina don nagluluto. Hanggang ngayon
meron pa ding ganon pero merong iba na may gasul na. Yung kwarto naman wala
kaming ganon basta pag matutulog maglalatag nalang tas don nalang matutulog pero
ngayon kasi nga modern na tipikal na yung bahay. Sa C.R. naman hukay lang kami dati
tapos tatakpan nalang nanabunan pero ngayon may C.R. na din kami. Tas hiwahiwalay
yung mga bahay bali parang isang bundok 4 na bahay ganon po kalalayo yung pagitan
ng mga bahay. Di din magkakadikit yung mga pamilya pamilya parang kung Cayabas
dito sa isang bundok Cayabas din don sa susunod hind nag anon”
“Hiwahiwalay na bawat pamilya. Kada pamilya po dito samin ay pinagkalooban ng 2
hectares na lupa kung saan pwede nilang tayuan ng bahay at taniman ayon sa batas
yon. Tas kadalasan nasa 7 or 8 yung miyembro kada pamilya kaya kapag naman po
gustong lumipat ng o magkakapamilya na yung isa samin magsasarili na yon. May
church na kami don United Methodist Church may mass yon kada Sunday uuwe kami
tas dapat lahat makaattend tapos pagkatapos ng simba tyaka na kami bababa ng
bundok para mag aral uli. Pero dati walang simbahan yung dating culture lang kami
noon. Wala kaming clinic dito bali pag may sakit meron lang kaming herbal mga ganon
tapos pag may pilay samin hinihilot lang may manghihilot don samin.”
“Tas kapag buntis o kaya malapit ng manganak bumababa sila ng bundok at doon sila
nagboboarding at nagpapacheck-up. Pero noon sa bahay lang talaga nanganganak
pero ngayon kasi binawalan na kaming na sa bahay na manganak yung mga buntis.
Yung mga inaani naman naming pag madami binibenta namin pero pag konti lang
kinakaen nalang naming. Tas may sari-sarili kaming mga pagtataniman pero noon hindi
kasi kada 6 months lang kami nakakaani kaya matagal wala pang mga gamit pang
tanim wala ding fertilizer kaya matagal bago makaani. Noon po farming at hunting ang
aming hanapbuhay tas sa ngayon naman po medyo nag iba na, bali meron pong iba na
nagcoconstruction worker, mga wielder, nagmiming meron din po, tas nag aalaga na
din po ng iilan mga baboy, manok tas pato mga ganon po. Sa vocational training may
nag-ooffer na sa sitio naming pero minsan lang parang 3 or 6 months lang hind yon
buong taon. May mga course na cookery, wielder mga ganon pero yung iba di tapos.
Kapag naman gusto mong pumunta sa Kabayabasan pwede basta pagpunta nyo don
magpapaalam kayo sa chieftain namin tas may mga susundin kayong rules don may
makikita kayong sign sa bungad ng Kabayabasan nakasulat don yung rules. Basta
sundin nyo lang yong rules don pwede kayong pumunta wag lang din maninira don sa
paligid.”
116
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
IBALOI OF SITIO KABAYBASAN INDEGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM AND
PRACTICES (IKSP)
To adopt to the fast pacing wortd the lncigenous Peeping of Kabayabasan wants their
laws to be written. As such they sought the codification of some of their custom on laws
for easy resolution of cases that may crop up later on in their community. This they
exercise pursuant to their right to develop their cultures. traditions and institutions which
is recognized, respected and protected by the State as mandated by RA. 83719. It
provides:
c) The State shall recognize. respect and protect the rights of lCCs/lPs to preserve and
develop their cultures, traditions and institutions. It shall consider these rights in
the formulation to notional laws and policies;
117
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
LAND OWNERSHIP
I. Lands within the Ancestral Domain is owned either:
1. Communally

Land is communally owned when the community owns it in common.
2. Privately

Land is privately owned when an individual member or a family owns it.
II. Classification of privately-owned lands.
1. Residential

A residential land is parcels at land where an IP member actually, resides and a
house. building or construction that serve as his dwelling exist.
2. Rice field/paddy

Rice field/paddy is a parcel of land actually used for the cultivation of rice.
3. Swidden farm

Swidden farm is a parcel at land devoted for planting beside of rice.
118
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Ill. Classification of Communal lands
1. River, riverbeds and river banks

Riverbed refers to the slope portion of the river being covered by water.

Riverbank refers to the strip of land along the river.
2. Forest
3. Pasture lands

Pasture land is that where cattle is being pastured and designated and identified
as such by the community.
4. Burial Grounds

Burial Ground is that actually used as a cemetery by the lPs of Kabayabasan.
5. Hunting Ground

Hunting ground is that where the It’s actually conducted their hunting activities.
6. Public land

Public land is that actually used for public use or public purpose such as school
site and tribal house ground.
7. Playground

Playground is that actually used for recreational activities.
8. Pathways/road

Pathways/road is that used by the community as their passageway.
119
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
TRADITIONAL WATER RIGHTS
Types of water found in the Ancestral Domain
A body of water within the Ancestral Domain may be:
1. Privately owned

A body of water is privately owned it emanates from an area at the Ancestral
Domain privately owned by on individual or family
2. Communally owned

A body at water is communally owned it it emanates from a communal area at the
Ancestral Domain.
Identified traditional use at water by the Indigenous peoples Kabayabasan
1. For residential use

It is for residential use when the same is for domestic purposes.
2. For agricultural use

It is to agricultural purposes when it is use tor cultivation. watering of plants and
other agricultural purposes.
3. Public use

The water is for public use when the water writ be used in a place or building that
is for public use or for public purpose.
120
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
TRADITIONAL USE OF OTHER FOREST PRODUCTS
l. Other forest products found in the Ancestral Domain of the Indigenous Peoples of
Kabayabasan.
1. Rattan
2. Wild Grass
3. Bamboo
4. Wild Bamboo: and
5. Tiger Grass
II. Identified traditional use at the said forest products.
1. Rattan is used to make:
a. Basket
b. Broom
c. Crib
d. Hammock
e. Floral basket
f. Basket with shoulder head strap (kayabang)
g. tonal back pack (Passiking)
h. Rocking Chair
i. Rope
2. Wild Grass is used as:
a. Roofing tor houses and other structures.
b. As a rope.
c. Material tor making a wall, or houses and other structures.
d. Mulching material.
e. Fire igniter
f. As medicine.
121
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
i. Food or animals such as carabao. cow. and goals.
3. Bamboo is used as:
a. As construction materials fat house, pens and other structure
b. In making a basket.
c. As walling of houses and other structures.
d. In making tools such as ladder, cord cutter. stake
or animals. stall. stick tor butchering. Stick for
cooking. laundry clip. among others.
e. Traditional backpack “Pasikking”.
f. As a rope
g. Crib
h. Basket with shoulder/head strap "Kayabang"
i. Making furniture such as cabinet, chair. table. bed
among others.
j. In making utensils such as cup, dipper and others
k. Water pipe
I. Fire igniter
m. Use for butchering Pig
n. House decor
4. Wild Bamboo:
a. Use for fencing
b. Use for house decor
c. Cord cutter
d. Water pipe
e. Barbecue Stick
122
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
SURVEY
The researchers conducted a survey which served as basis for the demographic data of
the beneficiaries. It also contains relevant questions that determined the perception of
Ibaloi about the project. Based on the formula that was used, the target respondents were
based on the number of youth and adults and had a total of 105 respondents in Sitio
Cabayabasan in Pangsinan. The table below shows the summarized data gathered
through the survey:
Table 15. Summary of Respondents
PART 1: Personal Info
Number of respondents
Percentage
Sex
Male
Female
64
41
61.0 %
39.0 %
15 -18 yrs. Old
18 – 21 yrs. Old
22 – 25 yrs. Old
30 – 39 yrs. Old
40 – above
20
17
35
23
10
19.05 %
16.19 %
33.3 %
21.90 %
9.52 %
Civil Status
 Married
 Single
 Separated
58
37
10
55.24 %
35.24 %
9.52 %
Educational Attainment
 No formal education
 Elementary
 Highschool
 College
 Master
0
78
21
6
0
0.0 %
74.29 %
20.0 %
5.7 %
0.0 %
Age
123
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Occupation
 No job
 Student
 Working
o Farmer
o Contractual
o Permanent
 Retired
Daily Income
0 – 100 pesos
100- 200 pesos
200- 300 pesos
300- 500 pesos
500- 1000 pesos
1000 pesos above
13
37
55
47
4
4
0
12.38 %
35.24 %
52.38 %
50
30
17
7
1
0
47.62%
28.57%
16.19%
6.67%
0.95%
0.0 %
Number of
respondents
Percentage
Sitio Kabayabasan needs to develop its
community.
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
76
29
0
0
0
72. %
27.62 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
The Ibaloi culture needs to be promoted
and preserve.
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
28
74
3
0
0
26.67 %
70.48 %
2.86 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
PART 2: Feasibility of the Proposal
0.0 %
124
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
The Community is open for all positive
changes.
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
12
82
10
1
0
11.43 %
78.10 %
9.52 %
0.95 %
0.0 %
The students safely walk their way down
to go to school.
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
0
37
5
49
14
0.0 %
35.24 %
4.76 %
46.7 %
13.3 %
The income of the residents in Sitio
Kabayabasan is enough for the family
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
0
14
0
81
10
0.0 %
43.8 %
0.0 %
46.67 %
9.52 %
There are enough Health facilities in the
community.
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
0
0
0
8
97
0.0 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
7.62 %
92.38 %
125
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
The Ibaloi still practice their culture and
tradition in the community.
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
77
28
0
0
0
73.33 %
26.67 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
Part 3: Project Design
No. of respondents
Percentage
Mark all the Facilities that needs to be
improved or needed in the community:
Housing
School
Health clinic
Tribal Hall
Workshops
Chapel
Basketball court, Playground
Public Market
Other
77
46
105
34
79
45
64
68
0
73.33%
43.81%
100.00%
32.38%
75.24%
42.86%
60.95%
64.76%
0.0 %
Every facility needs to be designed
incorporating the culture and traditions of
Ibaloi.
 Agree
 Disagree
 No opinion
105
0
0
100 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
126
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Please rate the following community
basic needs:
1. Water
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Not Satisfied
Very Unsatisfied
2. Electricity
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Not Satisfied
Very Unsatisfied
3. Food
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Not Satisfied
Very Unsatisfied
4. Clothes
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Not Satisfied
Very Unsatisfied
5. Shelter
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Not Satisfied
Very Unsatisfied
6. Health
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Not Satisfied
Very Unsatisfied
7. Employment (Adults only)
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Not Satisfied
Very Unsatisfied
98
7
0
0
0
93.33%
6.67%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
17
88
0
0
0
16.19%
83.81%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
13
57
0
29
6
12.38%
54.29%
0.00%
27.62%
5.71%
94
11
0
0
0
89.52%
10.48%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
23
28
0
54
0
21.90%
26.67%
0.00%
51.43%
0.00%
6
0
0
83
16
5.71%
0.00%
0.00%
79.05%
15.24%
0
15
0
53
0
0.00%
14.29%
0.00%
50.48%
0.00%
127
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
8. Environment
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Not Satisfied
Very Unsatisfied
9. Transportation
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Not Satisfied
Very Unsatisfied
10. Security
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Neutral
Not Satisfied
Very Unsatisfied
10
95
0
0
0
9.52%
90.48%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0
48
7
35
15
0.00%
45.71%
6.67%
33.33%
14.29%
35
45
0
25
0
33.33%
42.86%
0.00%
23.81%
0.00%
Have you ever experienced damages of
your crops or houses due to natural
disaster?
 Always
 Sometimes
 Seldom
 Never
97
8
0
0
92.38%
7.62%
0.00%
0.00%
Have you ever received aid from the
government or Non-profit organization?
 Yes
 no
105
0
100 %
0.0 %
128
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Summary of Response
The first part of the questionnaire consists of questions regarding their personal
information such as Age, Civil status, Sex, number of people in the family, educational
attainment, Occupation and daily income.
Table 16. Age
Respondents
20
17
35
23
10
Age
15 -18 yrs. old
19 – 21 yrs. old
22 – 25 yrs. old
30 – 39 yrs. old
40 – above
Percentage
19.05 %
16.19 %
33.3 %
21.90 %
9.52 %
Total
105
100 %
The table shows that out of 105 respondents, 35 of them ages from 22-25 years old, 23
of them ages from 30-29 years old, 20 of them ages from 15-18 years old, 17 of the
respondents ages 19-21
Age
10%
19%
15 -18 yrs. old
22%
16%
18 – 21 yrs. old
22 – 25 yrs. old
33%
30 – 39 yrs. old
40 – above
Based on the graph shown, the majority ages 22-25 years old which is 33% of the total
respondents while 22% ages from 30-29 years old and 19% ages from 15-18 years old
129
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Table 17. Sex
Sex
Sex
Male
Female
Total
Respondents
Percentage
64
41
61.0 %
39.0 %
105
100 %
Sex
39%
61%
Male
Female
Out of 105 respondents, 64 of them are male and 41 are female.
Table 18. Civil Status
Respondents
Civil Status
Married
58
Single
37
Separated
10
Total
105
The table shows that out of 105 respondents, 58of them are married,
Percentage
55.24 %
35.24 %
9.52 %
100 %
37 are single and
10 of them are separated
130
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Civil Status
9%
35%
56%
Married
Single
Separated
The graph shows that the majority of the respondents are married covers 56% of the total
respondents while 35% is single and 6% is separated.
Table 19. Educational Attainment
Respondents
Percentage
Educational Attainment
No formal education
0
0.0 %
Elementary
78
74.29 %
Highschool
21
20.0 %
College
6
5.7 %
Master
0
0.0 %
Total
105
100 %
The table shows that out of the 105 respondents , 78 of them finishes elementary grade,
21 of them finished high school and 6 respondents finishes college.
131
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Educational Attainment
0%
20%
0%
6%
No formal education
Elementary
74%
Highschool
College
Master
The graph shows that the majority of the respondents are elementary graduate which
covers 74% of the total respondents while 20% attained high school and 6% finishes
college.
Table 20. Occupation
Occupation
 No job
 Student
 Working
o Farmer
o Contractual
o Permanent
 Retired
Total
Respondents
13
37
55
47
4
4
0
Percentage
12.38 %
35.24 %
52.38 %
105
100 %
0.0 %
The table shows that out of 105 respondents, 55 of them is working, 37 of them is students
and 13 of them has no job.
132
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Occupation
0%
13%
No job
52%
35%
Student
Working
Retired
The graph shows that the majority of the respondents are working which covers 52% of
the total respondents while 20% of them are student and 6% has no job.
Table 21. Daily Income
Daily Income
0 - 100 pesos
100- 200 pesos
200- 300 pesos
300- 500 pesos
500- 1000 pesos
1000 pesos above
Respondents
50
30
17
7
1
0
Percentage
47.62%
28.57%
16.19%
6.67%
0.95%
0.0 %
Total
105
100 %
The table shows that out of 105 respondents, 50 of them 0-100 pesos daily this inclused
students, 30 of them is earning 100-200 pesos a day, 17 respondents earns 200300pesos a day, 7 ibaloi earns 300-500 pesos daily and only 1 has a daily income of
500-1000 pesos a day.
133
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Daily Income
1%
16%
0%
0 - 100 pesos
7%
48%
100- 200 pesos
200- 300 pesos
28%
300- 500 pesos
500- 1000 pesos
1000 pesos above
The graph shows that the majority of the respondents are earning 0- 100 pesos, this
includes the jobless and students which covers 48% of the total respondents while 28%
of them are earning 100-200 pesos per day and 16% of them earns around 200-300
pesos per day.
PART 2: Feasibility of the Proposal
The second part of the questionnaire consists of questions regarding the whether the
proposal is feasible and what do they think about their present situation.
Question 1: “Kailangan ba paunlarin ang komunidad ng Sitio Cabayawasan sa
Pangasinan?”
Choices
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
Total
Respondents
76
29
0
0
0
Percentage
72. %
27.62 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
105
100 %
134
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
The table shows that out of the 105 respondents 76 of them strongly agree and 29 of
them agree that their community is needed to be developed.
0%
0%
Question 1
0%
28%
Strongly Agree
Agree
72%
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
The graph shows that 72% of the respondents strongly agree that their community
really needs to be develop while the 28 % of them agrees.
Question 2: “Kailangan ba paunlarin ang kultura at tradisyon ng mga ibaloi?”
Choices
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
Respondents
28
74
3
0
0
Percentage
26.67 %
70.48 %
2.86 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
Total
105
100 %
The table shows that out of the 105 respondents, 74 agrees and 28 strongly agrees to
the statement and only 3 of them is nuetral.
135
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
3%
0%
Question 2
0%
27%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
70%
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
The graph shows that 70% agrees that the community of Sitio Kabayabasan needed to
preserve and enrich the Ibaloi culture and traditions while 27% of them agrees and 3%
is neutral.
Question3: “Ang komunidad ay bukas sa ibat-ibang positibong pagbabago?”
Choices
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
Respondents
12
82
10
1
0
Percentage
11.43 %
78.10 %
9.52 %
0.95 %
0.0 %
Total
105
100 %
The table shows that out of the 105 respondents, 82 of them agrees and 12 strongly
agrees in the statement while 10 answers neutral and only 1 disagrees.
136
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Question 3
0%
1%
10%
11%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
78%
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
78% of the respondents agrees for all the positive changes that can be done in their
community while the 11 % strongly agrees and 10% in neutral.
Question 4: “Maayos at ligtas ang dinaraanan ng mga studyante ng Sitio
Cabayawasan papuntang Paaralan?”
Choices
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
Respondents
0
37
5
49
14
Percentage
0.0 %
35.24 %
4.76 %
46.7 %
13.3 %
Total
105
100 %
The table shows that out of 105 respondents 49 of them disagrees and 14 strongly
disagrees about the statement 5 answers neutral and the remaining 37 agrees.
137
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Question 4
0%
13%
35%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
47%
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
5%
Based on the graph shown, 47% of the respondents disagree that the student safely
walks down just to go to school while 35% agrees and 13% of them disagree.
Question 5: “Sapat ang kinikita ng bawat pamilya na naninirahan sa Sitio
Cabaywasan?”
Choices
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
Total
Respondents
0
14
0
81
10
Percentage
0.0 %
43.8 %
0.0 %
46.67 %
9.52 %
105
100 %
The table shows that out of the 105 respondents, 81 of the respondents disagree and
10 of them strongly disagree to the statement while the remaining 14 respondents
agrees.
138
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Question 5
0%
9%
Strongly Agree
44%
Agree
Neutral
47%
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
0%
Question 6: “Sapat ang pasilidad ng Sitio Cabayawasan pagdating sa
pangkalusugan?’’.
Choices
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
Total
Respondents
0
0
0
8
97
Percentage
0.0 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
7.62 %
92.38 %
105
100 %
The table shows that out of the 105 respondents, 97 strongly agrees and 8 disagree
regarding the statement.
139
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Question 6
0%
8%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
92%
Strongly Disagree
Based on the graph shown, 92% of the respondents disagrees in the statement that
there is enough health facility in their community while the remaining 8% disagree.
Question 7: “The Ibaloi still practice their culture and tradition in the
community?’’
Choices
 Strongly Agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly Disagree
Total
Respondents
77
28
0
0
0
Percentage
73.33 %
26.67 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
105
100 %
The table shows that the respondents strongly agree to the statement.
140
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
0%
0%
Question 7
0%
27%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
73%
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Based on the graph shown, 73% of the respondents strongly agrees that their culture
and tradition still being practice in their community while the remaining 27% agrees.
Part 2: Project Design
Question 1: Markahan ang mga pasilidad na kailangan ng komunidad ng Sitio
Cabasayawan?
Facilities
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Housing
School
Health clinic Tribal Hall Workshops
Chapel
Recreational
Space
Public
Market
Respondents
Figure 11. Facilities needed
141
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Based on the graph shown the main facility that needs to be built in their community is
the Health clinic while the 2nd and 3rd priority is the training workshops and housing. The
very list priority of the community is the tribal hall.
Question 2: “Bawat pasilidad ay dapat akma sa kultura at tradisyon ng ibaloi.”
Choices
 Agree
 Disagree
 No opinion
Total
Respondents
105
0
0
Percentage
100 %
0.0 %
0.0 %
105
100 %
The table shows that the respondents Agree to the statement.
Question 2
0%
Agree
Disagree
100%
No Opinion
The graph shows 100% of the respondents agrees that their facility needed to
incorporate the culture and traditions of the Ibaloi.
142
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Very Satisfied
Satisfied
Nuetral
Not Satisfied
Very Unsatisfied
Out of all the 105 respondents, most of them are satisfied in the state of their basic
needs, the only things that has the highest unsatisfying rate is health and transportation.
Question 2: “Nakakaranas po ba kayo ng pagkasira ng tahanan at pananim dahil
sa kalamidad.”
Choices
 Always
 Sometimes
 Seldom
 Never
Total
Respondents
97
8
0
0
Percentage
92.38%
7.62%
0.00%
0.00%
105
100 %
Out of 105 respondents 97 always experience damage of property due to calamity and
the remaining 8 answered sometimes.
143
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Question 3
0%
8%
Agree
Disagree
92%
No Opinion
The graph shows 92% of the respondents are experiencing damage in their shelter and
farmlands when there is a natural calamity while the remaining 8% disagrees.
Question 4: “Nakaranas na po ba kayo ng tulong mula sa local na pamahalaan o
Organization?”
Question 4
0%
Yes
No
100%
Based on the graph shown that 105 respondents answered yes to the question.
144
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
4.3 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
The study “Sustainable Ibaloi Heritage Community Development in Pangasinan” is
considered a delicate project because of the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act. Through
this act, Ibalois were given the right to decide what they wanted for their community
development. To distinguish these considerations, researchers conduct an immersion to
the Ibaloi community in Sitio Cabayawasan in San Nicolas, Pangasinan. The
researchers were given the chance to conduct a survey in the community. This chapter
will present all of the responses of the Ibalois through tables and charts.
The necessity of community development for the Ibaloi has been verified through
the survey. It means the current state of their community lacks in many structures or
facilities like health center, schools, barangay hall or tribal hall. The researches see the
need for preserving Ibaloi’s culture and tradition. This is proven by the gradual fading of
their cultural issue one example is the weaving of Ibaloi basket. Through this survey
majority of the Ibalois shows that they have opened their minds to the positive changes
especially for this study. Most of the students in their community are walking 2 to 6
hours from home to their school. They have to pass the cliffs and river which brings too
much danger to their lives. Rains make it more dangerous and with the response of the
Ibalois, they also agreed that the path of the students is not safe. Based on the socioeconomic profile of Ibaloi that researchers have, most of them have a daily income of
PHP 500 or below and it is determined that their monthly income is not enough to
sustain their families in their daily needs through this survey. One of the aspects that
their community doesn’t have is a safe and accessible health facility. Their community
145
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
has no health center or any medical facility. Most of the Ibalois response that some of
their culture and traditions are still practiced in their community. The researchers
determined the needs and want of the Ibalois for the proposal in their community and
their response their highest priority is health and most of them choose to have health
clinics while the second in the list is workshops because they want to have an extra
income to sustain their needs. In the issue of adapting their culture and tradition in the
structures for their development, all of the response of Ibalois says that it should still be
considered.
Through the survey conducted in their community, the researchers concluded that
sustainable community development will create a solution to the problems that
indigenous people ibaloi is experiencing in mountainous Sitio Cabayawasan in
Pangasinan. The researcher will use the data gathered in the presentation to move in
an architectural solution to resolved problems of the community in health, educational,
livelihood, cultural, road layout, and housing aspects.
146
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
4.4 RESTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The researchers conduct their study in Sitio Cabayawasan, San Nicolas, Pangasinan,
and gathered data that enough to identify the problem of the Ibaloi community.
Researchers come up with problems that separate with two parts, a major problem, and
subproblems. The major problem that early addressed in chapter 1 Statement of the
Problem, it is said that;
"Does the Ibaloi community in the Sitio Cabayawasan needed a sustainable community
development?"
With information accumulated by the researchers in the question above was answered.
Base on the interview with Eng. Luis M. Andres, there are NO IMPLEMENTED
SUSTAINABLE PLANS in the Ibaloi community also the Ancestral Domain and
Sustainable Development Protection Plan for Ibaloi is NOT APPROVED yet by the
ADO. Therefore, the project proposal for the said subject is necessary and appropriate
to conduct.
During the immersion, the other problems are identified through observation and
surveys of the researchers. With 105 respondents’ researchers fully understand the
problems that need to solve and consider in the project proposal.
147
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
The following problems need to be considered in the project proposal.
1. The remote community to the municipality of San Nicolas - This project proposal for
the Ibaloi community is the answer to their isolation from the town. With 12 kilometers
away from the municipality of San Nicolas they are a lack in many aspects that needed
for the basic needs of our life causing them an underdeveloped community.
2. The basic social development needs of the community of the Ibaloi are distinguished
through the survey conducted by the researchers in the said subject. The following
basic social development needs are listed below;

Housing Aspect
-
Based on the answer of the respondents in the survey most of them
experienced wreckage of their houses during the storm. Although they have
knowledge in constructing a house, they needed a better plan in constructing
which can withstand a storm or any disaster that could happen in Sitio
Kabayabasan.

Livelihood Aspect
-
According to the respondent, their income was not suitable for their daily
expenses this situation implies were suffering in insufficient livelihood source
of income which is farming and cattle raising are their primary source of
income.
148
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO

Health Aspect
-
Due to their remote community, the response of the Ibaloi in the survey of the
researchers reflects that they needed a health clinic although they had
knowledge in herbal medicine this practice cannot fully support the medical
assistance of the Ibaloi community especially as their population grower as
times past by.

Educational Aspect
-
Based on the response of the Ibaloi about education aspects they are lack of
Basic education facilities and School of living traditions that are crucial for
literacy development and understanding of culture.

Cultural Aspect
-
The inadequate facility of a culture where they can practice and preserve its
value, where directly affects their cultural integrity promotion and
preservation. According to the result of survey they want to have a facility in
cultural deeds and practices.
149
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
4.5 RECOMMENDATION
Recommendation
After the researcher conduct surveys and interview and also a site immersion,
they study the past and present situation of the Ibaloi community in Sitio Kabayabasan
and come up with an action regarding the present and future needs of the community.
Recommendation to the Researcher
1.) The researcher must be dealing with the IKSP before moving to the design
process. IKSP means Indigenous knowledge system and practice in order to
design those facilities and plans for sustainable community development. The
researcher needs the approval of the Ibaloi regarding the design and location of
each structure.
2.) Study thoroughly the IPRA (Indigenous People Rights Act) and the culture of the
Ibaloi to secure the assurance of protecting the rights and preserving the culture
for community development in Sitio Kabayabasan.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO SOLVE PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED
The Ancestral Domain of the Ibaloi locating in a highland at Sitio Kabayabasan where
different hindrances have occurred it will resolved through an architectural solution
where it will fulfill the lack of different facilities in the community in aspects:
A) Housing Aspects
a) Vernacular house type
A disaster resilient housing type with the used of indigenous materials and sustainable
architectural design that will meet the wants of the Ibaloi regarding their IKSP.
150
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
B) Health Aspects
a) Health Center
Since there are no present health center in the community, an immediate respond the
health needs of the community especially for mothers and although they are known for
herbal medicine method.
C) Education Aspects
a) Kindergarten
b) Improve the existing Elementary School
D) Culture Aspects
a) Tribal hall
b) Ritual Area
c) School of Living Tradition
d) United Methodist church
To practice and nurture the culture of the Ibaloi where they can perform and showcase
their religion, beliefs and practices
E) Livelihood Aspects
a) Training Center
b) Hog and chicken farm
c) Vegetable farm
d) Market place
e) Aquaponics facility
The two government agencies Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
(TESDA) and National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP) formed a partnership
151
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
for the indigenous peoples (IPs) to provide the training that will improve their skills so
that it will help the IPs for self or wage employment to uplift their economic status. After
completing their training IP-graduates will receive a National Certificate (NC) and
Certificate of Competency (COC). This training will help IPs to develop their ancestral
domain into a highly productive community. The Technical Vocational Education and
Traning (TVET) have programs to empower the IPs for their economic development and
one of these programs is Community-Based Training Programs. It refers to the training
programs that are specifically designed to answer the needs of the barangays. These
training programs regulated basic capability courses that help the citizens to be
productive in terms of livelihood endeavors and self-employment and the target
beneficiaries are the poor and underprivileged residents such as out of school youth,
women, and unemployed adults; marginalized groups (subsistence farm workers,
fisherfolks), indigenous people, and even the members of the informal sector.
Community-based training programs (CBT) utilizes the convergence approach in its
implementation. It is carried out in partnership with local government units, nongovernment groups, civic, religious, and people’s organizations, politicians, and other
national government agencies.
Community-Based Training Programs (CBT) are suitable to operate in the Ibaloi
community. It can help the citizens in the said subject especially the elementary
graduate to have better opportunities to get a proper job that have a decent monthly
income. With these programs, there are better chances to uplift the Ibaloi community
with the help of partnership of TESDA and NCIP-Region Office 1 in La Union.
152
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Vocational courses that may offer for the Ibaloi vocational school:
•
Animal Production NC II
•
Aquaculture NC II
•
Baking/Pastry Production NC II
•
Baking/Pastry Production NC II (BSHRM)
•
Barangay Health Services NC II
•
Food Processing NC II
•
Health Care Services NC II
A livelihood program for Ibaloi families will generate an income for their daily needs
F) Road Network Aspects
a) Vehicle Pathway
b) Tram Line system
A safe and proper road network from Sitio Kabayabasan to the foot of the mountain in
order to have a better pathway regarding the vehicle road access since the community
will have a livelihood facility the product will transfer easily to the market.
G) Ecotourism Aspects
a. Ecolodges
b. Cultural stores and museums
Since the Settlement is in Green network strategy zone and the Ibaloi is open for tourist,
it is considered a best place to develop a community based and ecotourism spot that
can contribute to the livelihood needs of the community of Sitio kabayabasan.
153
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
4.6 VIABILITY
4.6.1 TECHNICAL VIABILITY
SITE EVALUATION
The site area located in Ibaloi indigenous people Ancestral Domain land, in San
Nicholas,Brgy. San Felipe East, Sitio Kabayabasan, Pangasinan. In this chapter the
researcher will develop an understanding of the site and its context, through site
evaluation process the researcher will utilizes the good aspects of the site and
ameliorates the inappropriate site condition.
Figure 12. Sitio Kabayabasan Lot
Plan (NCIP region 1)
154
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
WEIGTHING FACTORS
CRITERIA RANKING SCORES
1 = NOT VERY IMPORTANT
1 = UNACCEPTABLE
2 = SOMEWHAT IMPORTANT
2 = POOR
3 = IMPORTANT
3 =FAIR
4 = VERY IMPORTANT
4 = GOOD
5 = ESSENTIAL
5 = EXCELLENT
A) GENERAL ASPECTS
Table 22. SITE CRITERIA
1.) SITE GEOLOGY AND SOIL
- Site has a total land area of 2,378.359
hectares with annam clay loam and
umingan silted loam land soil type and an
Ancestral Domain which owned by Ibaloi
Indigenous People
2.) SITE SLOPE / TOPOGRAPHY
- Site has a 0 to 80 degrees slope within
mountainous contour elevation of 300 to
800 meters above sea level.
3.) GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION / PROXIMITY
- Site lies between longitude 120°43'34 east
and 120°43'37 east and 16°07'48.49 and
16°09'52.67 north.It is 90 km from the
Provincial Capitol of Lingayen and about 16
km from the Poblacion of San Nicholas and
more or less 53 km from Urdaneta City.
SITE LOCATION:
San Nicholas,Brgy.San
Felipe East,Sitio
Kabayabasan,Pangasinan
(Ibaloi Ancestral Domain
Land)
WF
CRS
xWF
5
5
25
5
4
20
5
4
20
155
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
D) UTILITIES
C) SOCIAL FACTORS
B) LEGAL
RESTRICTIONS
4.) LAND OWNERSHIP
- Site situated under the Ancestral Domain of
Ibaloi Indigenous people
1.) SITE CONSERVATION AREA
- The site consist of a land parcel where
protected area or classified as social factor
areas located under DENR sector.
2.) LAND USE / ZONING
- The site land used and zoning should be
compatible to the needs and wants of the
Ibaloi indigenous people.
3.) COVENANTS AND EASEMENTS
- Compliance to the existing laws, rules and
regulation of different government sector
and Ibaloi indigenous people and the IPRA.
1.) SITE EXISTING CULTURE
- Considering the existing site culture to
protect and obey the rules and regulation
regarding building structures.
2.) SITE POPULATION
- The site total population must be adequate
to the structures and facilities regarding to
its type, size, condition and function.
3.) AESTHETIC VALUE
- Aesthetic architectural design of every
structures and facilities based on Ibaloi
Indigenous People culture and practices.
1.) ELECTRICAL POWER
- Electrical power source availability in the
site
5
5
25
5
5
25
5
5
25
5
5
25
5
5
25
5
4
20
5
4
20
5
3
15
156
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
2.) WATER SOURCE
- Site water source availability in the site
1.) FLOOD
- Site condition regarding to flood prone area
And location of near water bodies like
river.
2.) LANDSLIDE
- Site condition regarding landslide and soil
erosion prone area.
3.) EARTHQUAKE
- Site condition regarding earthquake or
faults along the site.
4.) TOXIC/HARMFUL CHEMICALS
- Site
condition
regarding chemicals
surround in the sites.
1.) VEGETATION
- Site appearances of trees and plants
abundance its types, size, location, shade,
and pattern.
2.) NATURAL FEATURES
- Site has a water feature ( river and water
falls )
1.) ROAD NETWORK/PATHWAY
- The site must have a road signage with
safe and secure pathway.
G)
ACCES
SIBILI
TY
F) ECOLOGY
E) SITE NATURAL
HAZARDS
3.) SEWAGE LAYOUT
- Site sanitary and sewage layout existing in
the site
5
4
20
5
3
15
5
3
15
5
2
10
5
2
10
5
1
5
5
3
15
5
2
10
5
2
10
157
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
H) SITE CLIMATE
CONDITION
2.) AVAILABILITY OF TRANSPORTATION
- Site has two types of transportation single
motor and the tramline system.
5
2
10
1.) SUN PATH
- Site solar intensity and orientation
regarding to the structure’s location
5
4
20
2.) WIND PATH
- Site wind direction and its gustiness
5
3
15
3.) SITE WEATHER
- Site average / highest / lowest temperature
And annual rain and humidity weather
5
4
20
120
84
500
TOTAL WEIGHING FACTOR, CRITERIA RANKING
SCORES AND MULTIPLIED WEIGHING FACTORS
158
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
4.6.2 LEGAL VIABILITY
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8371
“THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ RIGHTS ACT OF 1997”
Part II. Ancestral Domain Development and Protection
Section 1. Right to Manage and Develop Ancestral Domains.
The ICCs/IPs shall have the right to freely pursue their economic, social, political and
cultural development. In the exercise of this right, the ICCs/IPs shall formulate and
pursue their own plans for the sustainable management and development of the land
and natural resources as well as human resources within their ancestral domains based
on their indigenous knowledge systems and practices and on the principle of selfdetermination. Such plans may be consolidated into an Ancestral Domain Sustainable
Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP) which shall be the basis of the Five-Year
Master Plan defined under these Rules and Regulations.
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF REGION 1
Chapter 7 of the RDP highlights the promotion of Philippine culture and values. It
focuses on culture as necessary to achieving inclusive, sustainable and peoplecentered development.

Conduct of the First Regional Cultural Summit.
The RDC through the Governance Sectoral Committee conducted the First
Regional Cultural Summit on December 8, 2017. The summit aimed to increase
the cultural awareness and appreciation on culture and sustainable development
link towards preservation, promotion and development of culture.
159
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
PHILIPPINE DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Culture has several dimensions; its role in development spans and intersects with
multiple sectors. As such, culture is regarded as one of the pillars for achieving
inclusive, sustainable, and human-centered development. Building culture into the
formulation of policies and in the design of development interventions enhances the
effectiveness of programs and projects because cultural contexts are recognized.
Failure to acknowledge the significance of culture in shaping our society may lead to
cultural fragmentation, perceived distrust toward fellow Filipinos, parochialism,
perpetuation of historical injustices, and inability to collaborate for nation building.
The priority areas of the cultural agenda are: (a) safeguarding and enshrining
cultural heritage; (b) achieving equity and inclusion in access to cultural resources and
services; and (c) sustaining and enhancing cultural assets to foster creativity and
innovation for socio-economic growth.
UN MILLENUIM GOAL: Sustainable Cities and Communities

By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing
and basic services and upgrade slums

By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable
transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding
public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable
situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons
160
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO

By 2030, enhance inclusive and sustainable urbanization and capacity for
participatory, integrated and sustainable human settlement planning and
management in all countries

Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural
heritage

Support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban,
peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional
development planning

Support least developed countries, including through financial and technical
assistance, in building sustainable and resilient buildings utilizing local
materials.
4.6.3 FINANCIAL VIABILITY
FUNDING SOURCES
National Commission on Indigenous People
Government agency that provides technical and/or financial assistance to the
Indigenous Cultural Communities/Indigenous Peoples (ICCs/IPs) in the formulation of
their Ancestral Domain Sustainable Development and Protection Plan (ADSDPP). This
holistic, comprehensive and integrated plan shall promote a culture and rights-based
approach to development. It reflects the present and future desired conditions of the
ICCs/IPs and contains the types of programs/projects that they will adopt for the
161
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
sustainable management and development of their domain and community. The
management plan shall include, but not be limited to, the following basic information:

The manner by which the concerned ICCs/IPs shall protect their ancestral
domain;

The development programs related to livelihood, education, infrastructure, selfgovernance, environment, natural resources, culture and other practical
development aspects, that are decided and adopted by the ICCs/IPs;
In accordance to Republic Act No. 8371
SECTION 71.
Ancestral Domains Fund. — There is hereby created a special fund,
to be known as the Ancestral Domains Fund, an initial amount of One hundred thirty
million pesos (P130,000,000) to cover compensation for expropriated lands, delineation
and development of ancestral domains.
Table 23. General Appropriation of
NCIP (2018)
162
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
163
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Building Lives for Better Future (NGO)
The Building Lives Project aims to
uplift the living conditions of the less
fortunate people and Indigenous
people by helping them achieve a
higher level on intellectual, moral,
social, and spiritual aspects of life.
The NGO aims to make every effort in helping the children attain their goals in life
because we strongly believe that equal opportunity must be given for everyone.
March 20, 2019 This was the day when Building
Lives for Better Future (BLBF) signed a
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the
community leaders of Sitio Cabayawasan,
barangay chairman of Brgy. San Felipe East,
and municipal mayor of the Municipality of San
Nicolas, Pangasinan,
164
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Table 24. Projected Project Cost by Phase
PHASE 4
PHASE 1
Facilities
Gross Area Cost/ Sqm Total Cost
Facilities
Gross Area Cost/ Sqm Total Cost
(25) Housing Unit
1500
4,000
₱6,000,000.00
Health Center
200
10,000
₱2,000,000.00
Total Building cost
₱6,000,000.00
Day Care Center
200
6,000
₱1,200,000.00
₱900,000.00
Kinder Garten
200
10,000
₱2,000,000.00 Site Development Cost (15%)
₱180,000.00
Total Building cost
₱5,200,000.00 Equipment (3%)
₱7,080,000.00
Site Development Cost (15%)
₱780,000.00 Total Construction Cost
₱1,800.00
Equipment (3%)
₱156,000.00 Site Clearing Cost (1%)
₱708,000.00
Total Construction Cost
₱6,136,000.00 Labor cost (10%)
₱212,400.00
Site Clearing Cost (1%)
₱1,560.00 Contingency (3%)
₱8,002,200.00
Labor cost (10%)
₱613,600.00 Projected Project Cost
Contingency (3%)
₱184,080.00
Projected Project Cost
₱6,935,240.00
PHASE 5
PHASE 2
Facilities
Gross Area Cost/ Sqm Total Cost
Facilities
Gross Area Cost/ Sqm Total Cost
Tribal Hall
80
5,000
₱400,000.00
Elementary School
500
10,000
₱5,000,000.00 Ritual Area
80
5,000
₱400,000.00
High School
500
10,000
₱5,000,000.00 Church
80
10,000
₱800,000.00
Total Building cost
₱10,000,000.00 Recreational Spaces
500
5,000
₱2,500,000.00
Site Development Cost (15%)
₱1,500,000.00 Total Building cost
₱3,700,000.00
Equipment (3%)
₱300,000.00 Site Development Cost (15%)
₱555,000.00
Total Construction Cost
₱11,800,000.00 Equipment (3%)
₱111,000.00
Site Clearing Cost (1%)
₱3,000.00
Total Construction Cost
₱4,366,000.00
Labor cost (10%)
₱1,180,000.00
Site Clearing Cost (1%)
₱1,110.00
Contingency (3%)
₱354,000.00
Labor cost (10%)
₱436,600.00
Projected Project Cost
₱13,337,000.00
Contingency (3%)
₱130,980.00
Projected Project Cost
₱4,934,690.00
PHASE 3
Facilities
Gross Area Cost/ Sqm Total Cost
School of Living tradition
100
6,000
₱600,000.00 PHASE 6
Gross Area Cost/ Sqm Total Cost
Training and Workshop
150
10,000
₱1,500,000.00 Facilities
1500
4,000
₱6,000,000.00
Aquaculture
80
10,000
₱800,000.00 (25) Housing Unit
₱6,000,000.00
Total Building cost
₱2,900,000.00 Total Building cost
₱900,000.00
Site Development Cost (15%)
₱435,000.00 Site Development Cost (15%)
₱180,000.00
Equipment (3%)
₱87,000.00 Equipment (3%)
₱7,080,000.00
Total Construction Cost
₱3,422,000.00 Total Construction Cost
₱1,800.00
Site Clearing Cost (1%)
₱870.00 Site Clearing Cost (1%)
₱708,000.00
Labor cost (10%)
₱342,200.00 Labor cost (10%)
Contingency (3%)
₱102,660.00 Contingency (3%)
₱212,400.00
Projected Project Cost
₱3,867,730.00 Projected Project Cost
₱8,002,200.00
The researcher created a phasing process where the major priority in the community will
be the first one to be funded up to the least priority. Since the project proposal will be
funded by the Building Life for Better Future (NGO), the funding will be depending on the
donations that will be given to them. That is why all of the structures needed to be in
sequence of construction will be built based on their situation and priority needs.
The first phase will be the construction of the health and day care center. The community
of Sitio Kabayabasan lacks when it comes to health facilities that is why it is the priority
structure that needs to be built as soon as possible. Including in the first phase is the
165
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
construction of kindergarten for the young Ibaloi start their education in the community.
Since the existing kindergarten is in the town proper of San Nicholas which is 11 km away
from the community.
Second phase is the construction of elementary and high school considering the existing
elementary school in the community is in poor condition and high school is 3 kilometers
away with no transportation available forcing Ibaloi students to walk in the mountainous
trails.
Third phase is the construction of School of living traditions which is where a
master/culture bearer or culture specialist teaches skills and techniques of doing a
traditional art or craft. The mode of teaching is usually non-formal, oral and with practical
demonstrations. Another part of the 3rd phase of the project is the construction of Training
workshops and aquaculture. This structure will help Ibaloi increase livelihood
opportunities.
In the 4th phase of the project is the construction of 25 housing unit for the ibaloi
community since IP housing is indicated in their ongoing ADSDPP.
The 5th phase of the project includes the construction of tribal hall, ritual area, recreational
area, church. This are all least priority but it will improve their community in terms of
leadership, cultural integrity, and beliefs. The last phase will be the continuation of the
remaining 25 housing unit project that was indicated in their ongoing ADSDPP.
166
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
4.6.4 DESIGN PROPOSAL
“SIGED JEN ILI: A SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT”
According to the book “The Community Development Concepts of the Igorot Indigenous
Peoples in Benguet, Philippines”. The root word ‘siged’ is an Ibaloy and Kankanaey
term that speaks of a state of wellness, total wellbeing and development. Pansigshan in
the traditional understanding of the Igorots includes development for people (siged jen
to-o/siged ay ipugaw); development for a community (siged jen ili/dugad) and a stable
condition in life (siged jen biag).
Developing the land of ancestral domain for Ibaloi indigenous people in Sitio
Kabayabasan, Pangasinan will be the key to address their hindrances regarding in
different aspects relating to their mountainous community. Sustainable approach in
constructing facilities needed will complies the good effect to the community and mostly
to the environment and its people. Housing, health, livelihood, educational, road layout,
and cultural aspects are those categories under development to build a foundation that
will arise the Ibaloi community.
Housing that can withstand the effect of climate change and unnecessary weather with
the mixed used of vernacular and semi concrete materials for the safety and
convenience of every Ibaloi family. Health center facility where Ibaloi kids and elder will
have a weekly and for those who need a maternity checkup. A training facility center for
167
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
weaving, basket making, and etc. An improved facility for agricultural storage and
technology for good harvest. Adequate facility for chicken and hog raising which Ibaloi
community needed for sustainable livelihood for the community to support daily wages
and needs of Ibaloi. An additional educational facility for every Ibaloi kindergarten,
upgraded elementary school and high school and moreover an educational and training
facility for those parents who didn’t yet finish high school. A proper and safe road layout
for the safety of everyone and for the accessible of vehicle. And lastly but most
importantly for the Ibaloi is to preserve and practice their culture from youngest to eldest
Ibaloi. Through cultural facilities where they can gather and perform cultural show, tribal
hall, ritual area, and a place where they can perform cultural activities for sustainable
tourism.
A stepping stone towards to a better future ahead for the Ibaloi indigenous people for
today generation and coming generation. Enriching the nature through sustainable
approach where everyone will benefit it’s the development
168
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Chapter V: Architectural Concept
5.1
Design Concept
5.1.1 GENERAL CONCEPT
Vernacular Architecture
Vernacular architecture adheres to
basic green architectural principles of
energy
efficiency
and
utilizing
materials and resources in close
proximity to the site. These structures
capitalize on the native knowledge and
culture of the ibaloi while considering
how buildings can be effectively designed as well as how to take advantage of local
materials and resources. Even in an age where materials are available well beyond
our region, the place of Sitio Kabayabasan is a very remote community, it is essential
to take into account the embodied energy lost in the transportation of these goods to
the construction site.
If anything is to be taken from vernacular architecture, it provides a vital connection
between humans and the environment which is why it fits the condition of the Ibaloi
community in Sitio Kabayabasan. It re-establishes us in our particular part of the world
and forces us to think in terms of pure survival. These structures present a climateresponsive approach to dwelling and are natural and resource conscious solutions to
169
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
a community housing need. The benefits of vernacular architecture have been
realized throughout the large part of history especially for Ibaloi, diminished during the
modern era, and are now making a return among green architecture and representing
their culture. In order to progress in the future of architecture and sustainable building,
we must first gain knowledge of the past and employ these strategies as a wellbalanced, methodical whole to achieve optimum energy efficiency as well as their
Indigenous Knowledge and Practices.
The development of vernacular architecture centers on the functions that the building
type is required to perform. The design then generally evolves over time, becoming
more refined and tailored to the contexts in which it exists, including:

The availability of resources, skilled workforce, and so on.

Local technology.

Climate: The amount of sunshine, humidity, rain, wind, temperature profiles,
and so on.

Local culture: The way of life of the occupiers greatly influences the building
form. This can include the size of families, the way the building is used, social
conditions, local customs, religious values, and so on.

Environment: Whether it is located near water, woodland, desert or
mountainous terrain, and so on.

Economic conditions.

Historical influences.
170
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.1.2 MATERIAL CONCEPT

Bamboo
Based on the Indigenous Knowledge
System and Practices of the Ibaloi, one of
their main material for their dwelling is the
bamboo since it is abundant in the area.
Bamboo as a building material has high
compressive strength and low weight has
been one of the most used building materials as support for concrete, especially in those
locations where it is found in abundance. Bamboo as a building material is used for the
construction of scaffolding, bridges and structures, houses. Utilization of Bamboo for
construction is achieved by a structural frame technique which is related to same
approach applied in usual timber frame design and construction. In the case bamboo,
floor, walls and roof are interconnected and often rely on the other for overall stability.
Bamboo has played a vital role in the growth of enterprises and the rural transformation.
Due to a distinctive rhizome-dependent system, bamboos are one of the fastest-growing
plants in the world and their growth is three times faster than most other species of plants.
They are renewable and extremely versatile resource with multi-purpose usage. Among
many uses of bamboo, Housing is one of the major area’s applications especially in the
wake of residential shortages around the globe.
171
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Wood
Sitio Kabayabasan is rich in vast sources of timber. Wood is a versatile raw material and
the only renewable construction material. Wooden structures are usually characterized
by a combination of different components that together deliver the best possible loadbearing capacity, thermal, acoustic and moisture insulation, fire resistance and a long
service life which will be a great approach for the community. Increasing the proportion
of wood in construction can facilitate a reduction in the use of other construction materials,
such as concrete, steel and brick. These construction materials don’t come from
renewable raw materials, they require a great deal of energy for their production and they
entail higher emissions of carbon dioxide.
Concrete
The sustainable community development aims to use vernacular materials, but the project
will still be using concrete as building materials for foundations and columns. Since the
area of Sitio Kabayabasan is susceptible for landslides, proper structural design is highly
needed to consider. Concrete builds durable, long-lasting structures that will not rust, rot,
or burn. Life spans for concrete building products can be double or triple those of other
common building materials. In addition, pervious concrete is a relatively new concept for
rural road pavement, with increase into the problems in rural areas related to the low
ground water level, agricultural problem. Pervious concrete as a paving material has seen
renewed interest due to its ability to allow water to flow through itself to recharge
groundwater level and minimize storm water runoff.
172
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.1.3 COLOR CONCEPT
Ibaloi Structure Color Scheme
Based on immersion of the researcher these palettes are commonly see in every
structure of the Ibaloi which can create a warm, nature-friendly atmosphere that will
harmonize environment due to the materials used which are mostly made-of bamboo
and dried anahaw leaves materials readily available in Sitio Kabayabasan.
BROWN (warm, secure, stable)
Character: There is a great difference between wood and brown
paint. In certain institutions brown should be avoided since it evokes
fecal associations. Wood and stone on the other hand appear very
comfortable, and warm.
GREEN (tranquil, refreshing, quiet, natural)
Character: Contrary to red, when looking at green the eye focuses
exactly on the retina, which makes green the most restful color to
the eye. Green can symbolize nature but also mold and sickness.
(clean, crisp, bright)
Character: There are a lot of psychological and physiological
justifications for not using white as a dominant color.
173
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.1.3 SITE PLANNING CONCEPT
CLUSTER ZONING
Cluster zoning refers to a development in which
community are situated in groupings relatively
close together, while larger areas of open space
within the development form a buffer with adjacent
land uses. Often this is accomplished through
small individual lots, with the remainder of the land
becoming common ground.
We are all somewhat familiar with this
arrangement, if we think of a typical mountain
village, illustrated here, or a village green forming a
common grazing area for livestock. This is a very
effective design form for the community of Sitio kabayabasan since their Ancestral
domain is mountainous and relies on farming and livestock.
The researcher sees for primary benefits of this development pattern:

The contiguous open spaces are good practice either for conservation and
wildlife habitat purposes, or for agriculture in the community.

Grouping homes together reduces the initial investment in roads, streets, and
utility lines, as well as the public sector's maintenance and replacement costs.

To allow single-family dwellings to be clustered together in areas of non-prime
agricultural farmland in a manner that prime agricultural farmland, woodland, and
unique natural amenities would be preserved.

Rural cluster zoning is most suitable in rural- to suburban transition areas where
it can preserve small-scale farming and open space while providing needed
housing.
174
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.2
Design Philosophy
“As an architect you design for the present with an awareness of the past for a future
which is essentially unknown.” – Norman Foster
As architecture progresses, we don’t forget the past that forms us. Filipino indigenous
people are the first people who inhabit the Philippines, so technically, they are the
original Filipinos. The researcher aims to create a sustainable community for them will
be a great help for our countries agenda in promoting and preservation of Filipino
culture and traditions.
The researcher chooses this philosophy due to the present concerns on how the IP
live their lives in the present. It may not be every IP but most of them live in a harsh
environment and has a poor economic condition. The researcher wants to design a
decent community development for them that will still showcase their culture, for them
not to forget who they are. We will never know how long will the culture of the Ibaloi
be pass to future generations, but the researcher will help assure that one of the
Filipino indigenous people will strive into greatness along with their culture thru
community development.
175
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.3
Design Goals and Objectives
Design Goal
To design a sustainable cultural community that will help the Ibaloi community to
uplift their socio-economic status while showcasing their rich culture and traditions.
Design Objectives:

To provide adequate facilities for health and wellness to the community
especially for maternity care.

To provide sufficient school facilities for proper education and convenience for
Ibaloi children.

To provide a structure to practice, preserve and teach younger generation of
Ibaloi about their culture.

To provide a decent facility for them to establish livelihood like workshops and
training facilities for economic growth.

To design structures that uses sustainable materials at the same time a
building that can withstand natural calamities such as typhoon.
176
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.4 Design Consideration and Parameters
In this part, the researcher will acknowledge and evaluate different design considerations
and parameters regarding the capability and situation of the site in Sitio Kabayabasan for
the sake and culture of Ibaloi indigenous people and its community.
5.4.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATION
Structure Design
The designer and planner of the project must first consider the Ibaloi indigenous people's
traditions, culture, values and lifestyles, and their aspirations regarding the design and
location of each structure.
Preservation of Natural Vegetation
Preserving the natural vegetation of the site through this activity the planners and
designers will know where should be the location of the structure and road layout. To
avoid the ecosystem equilibrium destruction. Through this, it will lessen or moreover avoid
the soil erosion to occurs along with the site.
Natural lighting
Proper orientation and construction materials of the structure will create proper sunlight
throughout the structure of passive lighting that will support sustainable design and less
the consume of electricity.
177
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Air Ventilation
Natural air inlet and outlet of the structure design within the site, it will cause a cool
passive airflow throughout the structure.
Vernacular Materials
Construction materials that will be used are based on what is available in the site and
where the Ibaloi Indigenous People comfortable to live regarding their culture and beliefs.
Site Geography
The site located at the mountain of San Nicholas, Pangasinan named Barangay San
Felipe East, Sitio Cabayawasan with a total area of 2,378.359 hectares composed of a
buildable area and protected area. Also, there are parts in the area that is susceptible to
landslides that are needed to consider. A mountainous site with a 300 to 600 meters
elevation above sea level and 0 to 80 degrees slope. The structure design must be related
to the site geography and can withstand on the site.
Accessibility/Road Layout
Proper and safety road network for Ibaloi since the site located in steep sloped area only
single motor is allowed to pass through to the site and another way of transportation is
the tramline system.
178
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Aesthetics
What qualifies for the occupants and what is necessary for site location, it interprets as a
design that will apply not only inside and outside the design of the structure but also to
the surroundings and the community culture.
Durability
Concerned with the strength of the structure, since the construction materials that will use
is a native or based on what they are capable and comfortable to live. To diminish the
effect of construction on the environment and preserve and practice the culture of the
Ibaloi regarding their housing and other structures aspect needed in the community.
Protected areas
Considering the buildable areas to protected areas since the site located in abundant
vegetation. The Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) has a
project in the area which is the terminal instrument of the certificate of Stewardship
contract with an aggregate area of 158.79 hectares classified as social forest areas.
Sustainability
Through the sustainable design approach of the structural design and construction, the
method will lessen the negative impact to the environment, to the community, society,
and economy and maximize the good effect where creates a livable, comfortable, safe
and productive environment.
179
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Safety and Security
The site located in an Ancestral Domain of Ibaloi indigenous people. The designer must
consider the safety and security of the Ibaloi indigenous people during and after the
construction of structures.
Culture
The design and location of every structure will always base on the Indigenous people's
culture and beliefs. Since the end-user of the community development project is the Ibaloi
and also to protect and preserve their culture the planner and designer must follow all the
cultural aspects of the Ibaloi.
Hazards
The design of the community should be disaster resilient and should be strategically
placed where there will be no hazard like flooding and landslides.
180
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.4.2 DESIGN PARAMETERS
Department of Education School Planning Guidelines Handbook
Chapter 1. The School Site
Section 1. Requirements
1.1 Location/Environment. The ideal location may be a site that provides an
environment conducive to learning, as much as possible far from cockpits, malls,
gambling dens, cinema houses, beer and videoke joints, jails, industrial establishments,
military quarters, public markets, slaughterhouses, or garbage dumps.
1.2 Accessibility. A school site must be easily accessible to the greatest number of
pupils/students.
1.3 Topography. The contour of the land should be level and should have no irregular
boundaries.
1.4 Soil Condition. An agricultural land with sandy loan soil is best for school sites, as
the topsoil is properly balanced to support vegetation and permit surface drainage without
erosion. The subsoil provides a proper base for economical and substantial foundation of
the buildings to be constructed on the site.
1.5 Size. The minimum size of the school site is as follows:
1.5.1 Elementary School
a.) non-central school with one (1) or two (2) classes only and no Grade IV –
0.5 hectare
b.) central school with six (6) classes and non central school with three to four
(3-4) classes – 1.0 hectare
c.) schools with seven to nine (7-9) classes – 2.0 hectares
d.) schools with ten to twelve classes – 3.0 hectares
e.) schools with more than twelve (12) classes – 4.0 hectares
In cases where there is difficult in meeting the above standards, the lowing alternatives
may be allowed:
For Rural Areas
a.) central school with six (6) classes and non-central school with three to four
(3-4) classes – 0.5 hectares
181
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
b.) schools with seven to ten (7-10) classes – 1.5 hectares
c.) schools with more than ten (10) classes – 2.0 hectares
For Urban Areas
a.) central schools with six (6) classes and non central school with six to ten
(6-10) classes – 0.5 hectare
b.) schools with eleven to twenty (11-20) classes – 0.75 hectare
c.) schools with more than 20 classes – 1.0 hectare
1.5.2 Secondary Schools
Urban
 500 students or less
 501 to 1,000 pupils
 1,001 to 2,000 pupils
 2,001 to 3,000 pupils
0.5
1.0
2.0
3.0
Rural
General/Vocational
Agricultural
Fishery, add for projects
4.0 hectares
5.0 hectares
2.0 hectares fresh-water fishponds &
0 hectares brackish water fishponds
1.6 Miscellaneous Provisions
Due to the high cost and increasing price of real property of prime lots in both
rural and urban areas, contingency arrangements should be made to comply with
the minimum requirements for location and size of school site.
Section 4. Administrative and Instructional Spaces
4.1 Minimum Standard Size. The minimum requirement for administrative space is
five (5) square meters per person and an air space requirement of 12.00 cubic meters
per person.
4.2 Allocation. The administrative space should include the following components:
Scholl administrator’s office
Working area for the office staff
Supply storeroom
182
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Conference room
Teacher’s room
Production room
Toilet and bath
4.3
The different spaces or components of the administrative area should be laid out
in proper operational relationship with each other. Arrangement and placement of office
furniture and equipment such as tables, chairs, cabinets, shelves, typewriters,
mimeographing machines, bulletin boards, computer units etc. should be carefully and
systematically planned to achieve maximum efficiency.
4.4 Minimum standards recommended for elementary school:
Classroom (elementary)
School Shop
Administrative Office
-
Library/LRC
School Library
Medical/Dental Clinic
Corridor
-
Computer Room
Gymnasium
Speech Laboratory
-
1.40 sq. m. per place
5.00 sq. m. per place
2.40 sq. m. per place
(10% of the enrollment)
2.10 sq. m. per place
28.00 sq. m. gross
28.00 sq. m. gross
above ground level, the minimum
Clear width is 2.00 m.
1.4 sq. m. per place
5.00 sq. m. per place
1.4 sq. m. per place
4.5 Minimum standards recommended for secondary school:
Classroom (secondary)
- 1.40 sq. m. per place
Library
- 2.40 sq. m. per place
Science Laboratory
- 2.10 sq. m. per place
Secondary School Shops:
Practical Arts
- 5.00 sq. m. per place
Technology and Home Economics
- 7.00 sq. m. per place
Girls Trades/Homemaking
- 4.00 sq. m. per place
Wood Trades
- 2.50 sq. m. per place
Metal Trades
- 5.00 sq. m. per place
Mechanical Trades
- 6.50 sq. m. per place
Electrical Trades
- 2.50 sq. m. per place
Audio-Visual Trades
- 2.50 sq. m. per place
183
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Section 5. Classroom Standards (D.O. No. 19, s. 1994)
5.1 The minimum classroom size shall be seven (7) maters wide by eight (8) meters long,
which is considered adequate for a class of 56 pupils. Desks or chairs may be arranged
in eight (8) rows with seven (7) desks in each row.
5.2 The design requirement prescribed in the National Building Code of school building
are the following:
5.2.1 Window opening shall be at least ten percent of the floor area of the room,
provided that such opening shall not be less than one (1) square meter, except those
in toilets and baths which should be not less than one-twentieth of the floor area of
such rooms, or not less than 240 square millimeters.
The windows shall be located on both of the longer side of the classrooms,
provided with glass, steel, or wood jalousies. The window openings shall be at least
1.5 meters high, and from column to column in width. For classrooms with valuable
equipment inside, the addition of iron grills would be advisable. In any case, at least
one (1) classroom for any school shall be fitted out with iron grills for safety purposes
and with door locks as well.
5.2.2 The ceiling height of rooms with natural ventilation shall not be less than 2.70
meters measured from the floor to the ceiling; ceiling height not less than 2.40
meters.
The ceiling shall be a dropped ceiling. The ceiling height of rooms with natural
ventilation shall not be less than 2.85 meters measured from the floor the ceiling;
rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall have ceiling heights less than 2.40
meters.
The floor construction shall be so framed and secured into the framework and
supporting walls so as to form an integral part pf the whole building, and the type of
floor construction used shall provide means to keep the beam and girders from
lateral buckling. The floor of the classrooms shall be at least .075 meter thick
concrete slab of integrally poured cement, on a 2” gravel fill, preferably with dark red
or dark green cement finish.
184
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.2.3 All roofs shall be framed and tied into framework and supporting walls to form
an integral part of the whole building; dark stops, roof drains, flushing, etc., shall be
provided.
The roof shall be cathedral type, with a slope of not less than 1.5 over 3.5, of
galvanized iron gauze #26, and painted with dark green roof paint. The roof
overhang shall not be less than 1.50 meters where exit doors are located, and not
less than 1.20 meters along the rear of the classroom. The roof construction shall
be framed and tied into the framework and supporting walls so as to form an integral
part of the building. The roof frame shall preferably be at least 20 mm. thick steel
frame, or alternatively 5 cm. x 1.25 cm. (2” x 5”) thick wood frames.
5.2.4 The doors to the classrooms shall be at least two (2), located on opposite
ends on the same side of the of the classroom, or flush type swing out, and with a
minimum opening of .90 meters by 2.10 meters. The door shutters shall swing in the
direction of the exit travel and be capable of opening at least 90 degrees, so that the
clear width of the exit way out is not less than 700 millimeters. No door shutter
exceed 1.20 m. in width.
5.2.5 Every corridor shall not be less than 1.10 meters wide and should be
unobstructed.
5.2.6 Stairways serving an occupant load of 50 or less must be 1.10 meters wide;
those serving more than 5 shall not be less than 1.50 meters. The rise of every step
shall not exceed 200 millimeters and the tread shall not be less than 250 millimeters.
Handrails should be provided on each side of every stairway having more than four
steps.
5.2.7 The exterior walls shall be of 1.5 meter (6”) wide concrete hollow blocks, with
12 mm. (1/2”) reinforcing bars with .60 meters spacing. The finish may either tooled
finish or plastered finish. The interior wall partitions shall be of at least 10 cm. (4”)
concrete hollow blocks with reinforcing bars.
5.2.8 The columns shall be at least .06 sq. meters (96 sq. inches) reinforced
concrete, preferably .20 meters x .30 meters with four (4) 16 mm. vertical bars and
10 mm. lateral ties with -0.15 outside centers.
Section 6. Sanitary Facilities
185
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
6.1 Provisions should be given for toilets, safe drinking, washing and cleaning as well
as the abundant water supply and water waste disposal systems.
6.2 There should be one (1) urinal, one (1) lavatory, one (1) toilet seat per classroom
for elementary and secondary schools.
6.3 There should be one (1) male and one (1) female facility per classroom for
elementary and secondary schools.
Section 7
Priorities in the Acquisition of New School Buildings (D.O. No. 19, s. 1994)
7.1 Construction of new school building shall be based on the following
priorities:
a.) Elementary school buildings in barangays without elementary public
school;
b.) Secondary school buildings in municipalities without secondary schools;
c.) Incomplete schools;
d.) Replacement of school buildings destroyed by natural calamities and
fortuitous events;
e.) Replacement of old and dilapidated school buildings which have been
condemned;
f.) New school buildings to accommodate the increase in school population
or to decongest existing once;
g.) Replacement of makeshift and temporary school buildings;
h.) New school buildings to accommodate classes currently housed in
rented buildings;
i.) School buildings in fast growing areas such as a resettlement sites; and
j.) School buildings in areas which serve the need of cultural communities
and indigenous people.
186
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
GUIDELINES IN THE PLANNING AND DESIGN
OF A HOSPITAL AND OTHER HEALTH FACILITIES
A hospital and other health facilities shall be planned and designed to observe
appropriate architectural practices, to meet prescribed functional programs, and to
conform to applicable codes as part of normal professional practice. References shall
be made to the following:
•
P. D. 1096 – National Building Code of the Philippines and Its
Implementing Rules and Regulations
•
P. D. 1185 – Fire Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
•
P. D. 856 – Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and Its Implementing
Rules and Regulations
•
B. P. 344 – Accessibility Law and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations
•
R. A. 1378 – National Plumbing Code of the Philippines and Its
Implementing Rules and Regulations
•
R. A. 184 – Philippine Electrical Code
•
Manual on Technical Guidelines for Hospitals and Health Facilities
Planning and Design. Department of Health, Manila. 1994
•
Signage Systems Manual for Hospitals and Offices. Department of Health,
Manila. 1994
•
Health Facilities Maintenance Manual. Department of Health, Manila. 1995
•
Manual on Hospital Waste Management. Department of Health, Manila.
1997
•
District Hospitals: Guidelines for Development. World Health Organization
Regional Publications, Western Pacific Series. 1992
•
Guidelines for Construction and Equipment of Hospital and Medical
Facilities. American Institute of Architects, Committee on Architecture for
Health. 1992
•
De Chiara, Joseph. Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. McGrawHill Book Company. 1980
1 Environment: A hospital and other health facilities shall be so located that it is
readily accessible to the community and reasonably free from undue noise, smoke,
dust, foul odor, flood, and shall not be located adjacent to railroads, freight yards,
children's playgrounds, airports, industrial plants, disposal plants.
2 Occupancy: A building designed for other purpose shall not be converted into a
hospital. The location of a hospital shall comply with all local zoning ordinances.
187
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
3 Safety: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and maintain a safe
environment for patients, personnel and public. The building shall be of such
construction so that no hazards to the life and safety of patients, personnel and
public exist. It shall be capable of withstanding weight and elements to which they
may be subjected.
3.1 Exits shall be restricted to the following types: door leading directly outside
the building, interior stair, ramp, and exterior stair.
3.2 A minimum of two (2) exits, remote from each other, shall be provided for
each floor of the building.
3.3 Exits shall terminate directly at an open space to the outside of the
building.
4 Security: A hospital and other health facilities shall ensure the security of person
and property within the facility.
5 Patient Movement: Spaces shall be wide enough for free movement of patients,
whether they are on beds, stretchers, or wheelchairs. Circulation routes for
transferring patients from one area to another shall be available and free at all
times.
5.1 Corridors for access by patient and equipment shall have a minimum
width of
2.44 meters.
5.2 Corridors in areas not commonly used for bed, stretcher and equipment
transport may be reduced in width to 1.83 meters.
5.3 A ramp or elevator shall be provided for ancillary, clinical and nursing
areas located on the upper floor.
5.4 A ramp shall be provided as access to the entrance of the hospital not on
the same level of the site.
6 Lighting: All areas in a hospital and other health facilities shall be provided with
sufficient illumination to promote comfort, healing and recovery of patients and to
enable personnel in the performance of work.
188
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
7 Ventilation: Adequate ventilation shall be provided to ensure comfort of patients,
personnel and public.
8 Auditory and Visual Privacy: A hospital and other health facilities shall observe
acceptable sound level and adequate visual seclusion to achieve the acoustical and
privacy requirements in designated areas allowing the unhampered conduct of
activities.
9 Water Supply: A hospital and other health facilities shall use an approved public
water supply system whenever available. The water supply shall be potable, safe for
drinking and adequate, and shall be brought into the building free of cross
connections.
10 Waste Disposal: Liquid waste shall be discharged into an approved public
sewerage system whenever available, and solid waste shall be collected, treated
and disposed of in accordance with applicable codes, laws or ordinances.
11 Sanitation: Utilities for the maintenance of sanitary system, including approved
water supply and sewerage system, shall be provided through the buildings and
premises to ensure a clean and healthy environment.
12 Housekeeping: A hospital and other health facilities shall provide and maintain a
healthy and aesthetic environment for patients, personnel and public.
13 Maintenance: There shall be an effective building maintenance program in place.
The buildings and equipment shall be kept in a state of good repair. Proper
maintenance shall be provided to prevent untimely breakdown of buildings and
equipment.
14 Material Specification: Floors, walls and ceilings shall be of sturdy materials that
shall allow durability, ease of cleaning and fire resistance.
15 Segregation: Wards shall observe segregation of sexes. Separate toilet shall be
maintained for patients and personnel, male and female, with a ratio of one (1) toilet
for every eight (8) patients or personnel.
16 Fire Protection: There shall be measures for detecting fire such as fire alarms in
walls, peepholes in doors or smoke detectors in ceilings. There shall be devices for
189
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
quenching fire such as fire extinguishers or fire hoses that are easily visible and
accessible in strategic areas.
17 Signage. There shall be an effective graphic system composed of a number of
individual visual aids and devices arranged to provide information, orientation,
direction, identification, prohibition, warning and official notice considered essential
to the optimum operation of a hospital and other health facilities.
18 Parking. A hospital and other health facilities shall provide a minimum of one (1)
parking space for every twenty-five (25) beds.
19 Zoning: The different areas of a hospital shall be grouped according to zones as
follows:
19.1
Outer Zone – areas that are immediately accessible to the public:
emergency service, outpatient service, and administrative service. They shall
be located near the entrance of the hospital.
19.2
Second Zone – areas that receive workload from the outer zone:
laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology. They shall be located near the outer
zone.
19.3
Inner Zone – areas that provide nursing care and management of
patients:
nursing service. They shall be located in private areas but accessible to guests.
19.4
Deep Zone – areas that require asepsis to perform the prescribed
services:
surgical service, delivery service, nursery, and intensive care. They shall be segregated
from the public areas but accessible to the outer, second and inner zones.
19.5
Service Zone – areas that provide support to hospital activities:
dietary service, housekeeping service, maintenance and motorpool service,
and mortuary. They shall be located in areas away from normal traffic.
20 Function: The different areas of a hospital shall be functionally related with each
other.
190
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
20.1
The emergency service shall be located in the ground floor to
ensure immediate access. A separate entrance to the emergency room shall
be provided.
20.2
The administrative service, particularly admitting office and
business office, shall be located near the main entrance of the hospital.
Offices for hospital management can be located in private areas.
20.3
The surgical service shall be located and arranged to prevent nonrelated traffic. The operating room shall be as remote as practicable from the
entrance to provide asepsis. The dressing room shall be located to avoid
exposure to dirty areas after changing to surgical garments. The nurse station
shall be located to permit visual observation of patient movement.
20.4
The delivery service shall be located and arranged to prevent nonrelated traffic. The delivery room shall be as remote as practicable from the
entrance to provide asepsis. The dressing room shall be located to avoid
exposure to dirty areas after changing to surgical garments. The nurse station
shall be located to permit visual observation of patient movement. The
nursery shall be separate but immediately accessible from the delivery room.
20.5
The nursing service shall be segregated from public areas. The
nurse station shall be located to permit visual observation of patients. Nurse
stations shall be provided in all inpatient units of the hospital with a ratio of at
least one (1) nurse station for every thirty-five (35) beds. Rooms and wards
shall be of sufficient size to allow for work flow and patient movement. Toilets
shall be immediately accessible from rooms and wards.
20.6
The dietary service shall be away from morgue with at least 25meter distance.
21 Space: Adequate area shall be provided for the people, activity, furniture,
equipment and utility.
Space
Administrative Service
Lobby
Waiting Area
Information and Reception Area
Area in Square Meters
0.65/person
5.02/staff
191
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Toilet
Business Office
Medical Records
1.67
5.02/staff
5.02/staff
Space
Office of the Chief of Hospital
Laundry and Linen Area
Maintenance and Housekeeping Area
Parking Area for Transport Vehicle
Supply Room
Waste Holding Room
Dietary
Dietitian Area
Supply Receiving Area
Cold and Dry Storage Area
Food Preparation Area
Cooking and Baking Area
Serving and Food Assembly Area
Washing Area
Garbage Disposal Area
Dining Area
Toilet
Cadaver Holding Room
Clinical Service
Emergency Room
Waiting Area
Toilet
Nurse Station
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink
Observation Area
Equipment and Supply Storage Area
Wheeled Stretcher Area
Outpatient Department
Waiting Area
Toilet
Admitting and Records Area
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink
Consultation Area
Area in Square Meters
5.02/staff
5.02/staff
5.02/staff
9.29
5.02/staff
4.65
5.02/staff
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.65
1.67
1.40/person
1.67
7.43/bed
0.65/person
1.67
5.02/staff
7.43/bed
7.43/bed
4.65
1.08/stretcher
0.65/person
1.67
5.02/staff
7.43/bed
5.02/staff
192
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Surgical and Obstetrical Service
Major Operating Room
Delivery Room
Sub-sterilizing Area
Sterile Instrument, Supply and Storage Area
Scrub-up Area
Clean-up Area
Dressing Room
Toilet
Nurse Station
Wheeled Stretcher Area
Janitor’s Closet
Space
Nursing Unit
Semi-Private Room with Toilet
Patient Room
Toilet
Isolation Room with Toilet
Nurse Station
Treatment and Medication Area with Lavatory/Sink
Central Sterilizing and Supply Room
Receiving and Releasing Area
Work Area
Sterilizing Room
Sterile Supply Storage Area
Nursing Service
Office of the Chief Nurse
Ancillary Service
Primary Clinical Laboratory
Clinical Work Area with Lavatory/Sink
Pathologist Area
Toilet
Radiology
X – Ray Room with Control Booth, Dressing Area and
Toilet
Dark Room
Film File and Storage Area
Radiologist Area
33.45
33.45
4.65
4.65
4.65
4.65
2.32
1.67
5.02/staff
1.08/stretcher
3.90
Area in Square Meters
7.43/bed
7.43/bed
1.67
9.29
5.02/staff
7.43/bed
5.02/staff
5.02/staff
4.65
4.65
5.02/staff
10.00
5.02/staff
1.67
14.00
4.65
4.65
5.02/staff
193
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
THE GREYWATER RECYCLING AQUAPONIC SYSTEM - “GREYPONICS”
Actual water supply and waste water disposal as a source of water for plantation is
unsustainable. The nutrient and water cycles are not closed, as result they are a oneway system. To increase the sustainability of the ibaloi community it is necessary to
improve their way in harvesting and introduce them new innovative technology, it also
means it is necessary to improve their sanitary system.
Basic description of the system
In the Greyponic system the three already described systems greywater recycling,
hydroculture and aquaculture are combined to a new system. This happened before in
the “living machine” system, where the domestic waste water is recycled by plants in a
hydroculture system, but without the running an aquaculture. This recycled waste water
was only used for the plants. The new Greyponic system shall additionally provide water
for the greywater use devices, like toilet flushes. No Blackwater is used for the system.
The accruement of Blackwater should be avoided instead. The divergence to the
Greywater recycling under the use of plants is that the Greyponic system consists out of
an assembly of the aquaculture and hydroculture.
Through the combination of greywater recycling, hydroculture and aquaponics a system
shall be developed that is more sustainable to the environment, can use synergy effects
and is cost efficient for the Ibaloi.
194
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Design of the Greyponic system
The Greywater collection
system is installed like already
described with no connection to
the blackwater system. High
polluted sources should be
strictly avoided. The waste
water is then as first step lead to
a sedimentation basin/storage
tank, where the biggest part of
Figure 13. Greyphonics System diagram
the solids can be removed. In
the standard greywater system, a ventilation of the water would be installed, which
makes after that as further step a sedimentation basin necessary. For big systems this
sequence of installation should be recommended. In small scale system this effort for
another step should be avoided. To reduce the system cost and functionality it is
suggested conducting the aeration (poking the soil with small holes to allow air, water
and nutrients to penetrate the grass roots) in one step together with the circulation water
of the aquaponics. This can happen under the double use of ventilation and pumping in
an air lift pump.
195
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.5 Site Analysis.
5.5.1 Macro site analysis
Pangasinan Geographic Profile
It is located on the northwest portion of
the Central Plains of Luzon and is
bounded in the north by Lingayen Gulf,
La Union and Benguet, in the northeast
by Nueva Viscaya, in the east by Nueva
Ecija, Tarlac in the south and Zambales
and China Sea in the west.
Figure 14.Pangasinan Location
Figure 15. Pangasinan Road
Network map
196
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
The province has a total land area of 545,101 hectares, which constitute almost one-half
(41.8%) of the total land area of the region (1,301,260 has.) and 1.6% of the total
Philippine area (34,329,832 has.). It is comprised of 44 municipalities, 4 cities, and 1,364
barangays. It has 6 Congressional Districts with Lingayen as the Provincial Capital.
Figure 16. Pangasinan Land Use
map
197
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.5.2 Micro site analysis
SITIO KABAYABASAN AERIAL VIEW
198
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 17. Ancestral Domain Map
Type of Climate
This municipality of San Nicolas belongs to
Region I and under Climate Type No. 1, wet
season is May to November and dry season in
the months of December to April. Temperature
is between of 26C to 30C from June to
December and 33.5C to 24.9 C from January
to June. Average Humidity is 57%-93% during
the months of July to December while 61%94% during the months of January to June.
Typhoon occurrence is twice a year from
October to November.
199
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 18. Contour map
200
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 19. Existing base map
201
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 20. Buildable Area
202
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 21. Sun path in June
203
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 22. Sun path in December
204
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 23. Hydrological and wind map
Prevailing Winds
The municipality had a relative humidity of 80.87
percent per month. In 1993, August registered the
highest relative humidity of 90 percent while the
month of March registered the lowest humidity. San
Nicolas is shield from the northeasterly winds by
the Mountain Ranges of the Caraballo Mountains.
However, it is vulnerable to typhoons or cyclones
because it is exposed to the southwest monsoon.
Wind prevailing force in the town is 002 to 004
minute per second.
Average Annual Rainfall
The average annual rainfall as computed
based on PAG-ASA Climate Projections in the
Philippines is 147.21 mm. This means that the
Province of Pangasinan to include San
Nicolas will experience heavy rainfall during
wet period. The rainfall on the side of the
mountain known as the wind-ward side (the
wind that is turned toward the wind). When the
mass finally makes it over the mountain, it has
lost much of its vapors. This is another reason
why many deserts are found on the side of the
mountain facing away from the ocean. This
phenomenon is known as the shadow effect.
205
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 24. Landslide Prone Area
206
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 25. Soil map
207
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 26. Soil type and Characteristics
208
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 27. Flood Prone Map
209
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 28. Proposed Zoning map
210
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.6 Swot Analysis
Strength

Approved Ibaloi Ancestral Domain
Weakness

by the NCIP region 1.

The site is not prone to flooding
Transportation is very lacking and
dangerous within the area.

There is no direct access road to
due to high elevation.
the site making it hard to transport

Soil is good for farming
goods.

The area is rich in natural

Ancestral Domain
resources like trees and bamboos.

Stiff slope is very common in the
Availability of necessary utilities
and services.
Opportunity


Development of their ancestral
Threats

Some part of the Ancestral domain
domain will uplift their condition
has Moderate to High susceptibility
and culture.
of landslide.
Schools will now be convenient for
the Ibaloi student rather than

Low chance of Earthquake induced
shallow landslide.
walking 3 km to San Isidro High
School

Opens opportunity for the Ibaloi to
be trained and develop their skills
for livelihood.
211
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.7 Hazard Analysis
Hazard is a situation or state of affairs that can be caused by an interaction between a
human activity and adverse tectonic, geologic or meteorological conditions. It is a
generic term for any situation or state of events which poses a threat to the surrounding
natural environment and adversely affects people's health. This term incorporates topics
like pollution and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes.
San Nicolas belongs to the Climate type No.1 municipality, it is generally dry during the
months of December until April. From May to November is the wet season where heavy
and continuous rains are being experienced. Typhoons and tropical storms bring heavy
and continuous rains with gusty winds that usually results in flooding and damage to
properties.
Earthquake activity comes from fault line movements deep in the earth that are not
visible as raptures in the surface geology. Large earthquakes are likely to be related to
surface faults. An earthquake can be expected almost anywhere in Region 1.
1. Fault Line
Although San Nicolas is outside the Philippine Fault Zone, still, it is not spared from the
presence of a fault line that runs in the province of Pangasinan. Based on the fault line
map provided by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOCS), a
fault line exists in the Barangays San Rafael West, Sobol, San Roque and San Jose.
212
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
2. Erosion
The process of weathering and transport of solids (sediments, soil, rocks and other
particles) in the natural environment or their source and deposits them elsewhere
especially in low areas. It usually occurs due to transport by wind, water movement, by
the down - slope creep of soil and other material under the force of gravity or by living
organisms.
Erosion is a natural process, but it is enhanced by human activities such as in industrial,
agriculture, deforestation, and urban sprawl. Land used for industrial and agriculture are
experiencing a higher degree of erosion than that of land under natural vegetation and
in sustainable agricultural practices. This is true if tillage is used which reduces
vegetation cover and disturbs both soil structure and plant roots that holds the soil in
place.
However, improved land use practices can limit erosion, using techniques such as
terrace-building, conservation tillage practices, and tree planting.
3. Flooding
As per hazard map from MGB, 18.40% of the total land area of San Nicolas are
considered high susceptibility to flooding. This is attributed primarily by the swelling of
water, particularly in the four major rivers during rainy days, namely: Agno River,
Ambayoan River, Cabalisian River and Sabangan River. The map shows that five (5)
barangays are directly affected by Agno River, 13 barangays by Ambayoan River, 9
barangays from the eastern portion of the municipality are affected by Cabalisian River
and 4 barangays lying in the central part are affected by the Sabangan River.
213
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Flood control measures, including the improvement of channels, construction of
protective levees and reservoirs and the implementation of programs for forest
conservation in order to retard and absorb runoff water from storms. Flood control
measures like construction of protection dikes along rivers are necessary to protect lowlying barangays from heavy flooding.
In order to mitigate the hazardous effects, the strict implementation of the
Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance and the National Building Code
are necessary, the main objective in designing a land use plan is to minimize the use of
more hazardous lands and prioritizing development in comparatively hazard free areas.
4. Earthquake
The most devastating earthquake that struck the Province of Pangasinan was the 7.8
intensity earthquake in July 16, 1990 where Dagupan City suffered the destructive effect
of soil liquefaction. Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of
a soil are reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading. Liquefaction and
related phenomena have been responsible for tremendous amounts of damage in
historical earthquakes around the world.. In San Nicolas, minimal damages were
brought by the same earthquake in agriculture and no damage to houses, roads and
other institutional structures. On March 20, 2011, an earthquake hit Ilocos Region but
no damage was recorded.
214
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Disaster Risk Analysis
The municipality of San Nicolas has relatively clean environment due to its forest
resources where clean breeze of air originated. However, areas along Ambayaoan
River basin are prone to flooding and landslides during rainy season and ground
fissures and liquefaction during earthquakes. Siltation also occurs during rainy season
due to eroded top soils from the upstream mountains, this affects the quality of soil and
reduce farming productions.
Table 25. Disaster Risk Analysis
215
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 29. Risk Assesment Map
5.7.1 MACRO HAZARD ANALYSIS
216
Figure 30. Flood Prone Area
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
217
Figure 31. Storm Surge Prone Area
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
218
Figure 32. Earthquake Induced
landslide Prone Area
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
219
Figure 33. Erosion Prone Area
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
220
Figure 34. Rain induced landslide
Prone Area
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
221
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.7.2 MICRO HAZARD ANALYSIS
Figure 35. Detailed hazard Map of
San Nicholas
222
Figure 36. Fault rupture map
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
223
Figure 37. Erosion Prone Area
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
224
Figure 38. Road Network Map
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
225
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.8 Factors and Issues Relevance to The Existing Site
Based on the study of the researcher and to data gathered through site immersion, survey
and interview related in the site at Sitio Kabayabasan,Pangasinan where Ibaloi
indigenous people community situated, the researcher therefore conclude that the
following are the factors and issue relevant to the site.
A. Geology and soil

It is an Ancestral domain site of the Ibaloi indigenous people, located at the
mountain of San Nicholas, Pangasinan named Barangay San Felipe East, Sitio
Cabayawasan with a total area of 2,378.359 hectares.

Ibaloi Ancestral domain site soil types are Annam clay loam which mostly found in
the forested and mountainous portion and the parts consist of the umingan silted
loam usually found in the lowlands.
B. Topography

Slope Analysis
o Based on the data gathered from NCIP Region 1 the site is situated with 0
to 80 degrees slope. Some part of the Ancestral domain has Moderate to
High susceptibility of rain induced landslide.

Site Contour
o Sitio Kabayabasan has a mountainous contour with an elevation of 300 to
600 meters above sea level.
226
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO

Circulation Analysis
o there is no proper road layout going to the site only single motor vehicle is
prohibited during dry season and by means of walking and also hanging
footbridge and tramline system which is cannot used as of now due to
defection.
C. Geography

Sitio Kabayabasan geographic location lies between longitude 120°43'34 east and
120°43'37 east and 16°07'48.49 and 16°09'52.67 north. It is 90 km from the
Provincial Capitol of Lingayen, Pangasinan and about 16 km from the Población
of San Nicholas, Pangasinan and more or less 53 km from Urdaneta City.
D. Climate

Basically, the climate is tropical in Sitio Kabayabasan located in highlands all year
round humid and hot but relatively colder compared to the lowlands. The month of
May are the start of wet season and end in the month of October while the rest of
the day is dry.
E. Ecology

Sitio Kabayabasan named kabayabasan due to the abundance of guava trees that
could be found everywhere in the ancestral domain site.

Department of the Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) has a project in
the area which is the terminal instrument of certificate of Stewardship contract with
an aggregate area of 158.79 hectares classified as social forest areas.
227
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
F. WATER AND ELECTRICITY

There are 2 portable water sources in the sitio Kabayabasan one from Pikaw and
another from Pa-o. There are also existing two water tanks located at upper Sitio
Kabayabasan with sizes of 6 ft x 8 ft and 4 ft x 4 ft both funded from San Roque
Power Corporation.

Sahdat and Pinsal falls located near at Sitio Kabayabasan Ancestral domain.

They have irrigation canal for Agricultural lands called kulokol, it is made by carving
canals at the side of the mountain or over the land.

As of now only 50 household in the Ancestral domain are already electrified.
G) LAND OWNERSHIP
- The site is located in an Ancestral Domain of the Ibaloi Indigenous people situated in
San Nicholas,Pangasinan named Barangay San Felipe East, Sitio Kabayabasan.
H) SITE POPULATION
As of now Ibaloi Indigenous people total Population of 293 in 2015, 303 in 2016 and 329
in 2017. This indicates that the Ibaloi population in Sitio Kabayabasan is slowly growing.
228
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.9 Behavioral Analysis
Identification of users

Elementary and Secondary School
o School Principal
o Teachers
o Students
o Maintenance
o Security

Health Clinic
o Doctors
o Nurse
o Patient
o Security

Tribal hall
o Tribal leader
o Tribal member
o Caretaker

Training Center
o Tribal Officer
o Assistant Tribal officer
o Ip Trainee
229
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
o Caretaker

Chapel
o IP pastor
o IP worshipper
o IP Volunteer
o IP Caretaker

Recreational Space
o IP caretaker
o IP Tribe Security
o IP Player
o IP visitor

Public Market
o IP vendor
o IP consumer

Ibaloi Housing
o Father
o Mother
o Children
230
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Organizational Chart of the Ibaloi in Sitio Kabayabasan
“CABAYAWASAN TRIBAL COUNCIL”
RAMON CAYABAS
TRIBAL
CHIEFTAIN
SECRETARY
VICE TRIBAL
CHIEFTAIN
10 TRIBAL
ELDERS
TREASURER
AUDITOR
6 TRIBAL
COUNCILMAN
231
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Activity Flow Chart

Elementary School
o School Principal
ENTRY
INSPECTION
TIME IN
OFFICE
WORK
EXIT
TIME OUT
SUPERVISE
LUNCH
BREAK
o Teachers
ENTRY
INSPECTION
TIME IN
TEACHING
THE
STUDENTS
EXIT
TIME OUT
TEACHING
THE
STUDENTS
LUNCH
BREAK
ENTRY
INSPECTION
DOING
SCHOOL
ACTIVITY
ATTEND
CLASS
EXIT
INSPECTION
ATTEND
CLASS
LUNCH
BREAK
o Students
232
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
o Security

ARRIVAL
ENTRY
TIME IN
SECURES
SAFETY
EXIT
TIME OUT
PATROLLING
LUNCH
BREAK
ENTRY
INSPECTION
TIME IN
CONSULTATI
ONWITH IP
PATIENT
EXIT
TIME OUT
CHECK UP
THE IP
PATIENT
LUNCH
BREAK
ENTRY
INSPECTION
TIME IN
ASSISTING
THE
PATIENTS
EXIT
TIME OUT
MONITORING
THE
PATIENTS
LUNCH
BREAK
Health Clinic
o IP Doctors
o Nurse
233
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
o IP Patient
ENTRY
INSPECTION
WAITING FOR
THE
ASSISTANCE
CONSULTATIO
N WITH IP
DOCTOR
EXIT
INSPECTION
TAKING
MEDICAL
RESULTS
RESTROOM
o Tribe Security personnel

ARRIVAL
ENTRY
TIME IN
SECURES
SAFETY
EXIT
TIME OUT
PATROLLING
LUNCH
BREAK
Tribal hall and Ritual area
o Tribal leader
ENTRY
PREPARING
FOR THE
MEETING
LEADING THE
MEETING
LUNCH
BREAK
EXIT
PREPARING
TO GO HOME
LISTENING TO
THE
REPRESENTATI
VES
GO TO THE
RESTROOM
234
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
o Tribal member
ENTRY
PREPARING
CHECKING
FOR THE
THE FACILITY
MEETING
PREPARING
ATTENDING
LEADING THE
FOR
THE
THE
MEETING
MEETING
LUNCH
BREAK
EXIT
PREPARING
TO GO HOME
PARTICIPATI
CHECKING
NG IN THE
THE FACILITY
MEETING
CLEANING
GO TO THE
THE
WHOLE
RESTROOM
PLACE
ENTRY
CHECKING
THE FACILITY
PREPARING
FOR THE
MEETING
LUNCH
BREAK
EXIT
PREPARING
TO GO HOME
CHECKING
THE FACILITY
CLEANING THE
WHOLE PLACE
o Caretaker

Training Center
o Tribal Officer
ENTRY
INSPECTION
TIME IN
OFFICE
WORK
EXIT
TIME OUT
SUPERVISE
LUNCH
BREAK
235
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
o Assistant Tribal officer
ENTRY
INSPECTION
TIME IN
OFFICE
WORK
EXIT
TIME OUT
ASSISTING
THE
MANAGER
LUNCH
BREAK
ENTRY
INSPECTION
TIME IN
TRAINING
EXIT
TIME OUT
TRAINING
LUNCH
BREAK
ARRIVAL
ENTRY
TIME IN
SECURES
SAFETY
EXIT
TIME OUT
PATROLLING
LUNCH
BREAK
o Ip Trainee
o Caretaker
236
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO

Chapel
o IP pastor
ENTRY
TIME IN
PREPARING
FOR THE
SERVICE
PREACHING
THE
GOSPEL
EXIT
TIME OUT
PARTICIPATIN
G IN SMALL
GROUP
LUNCH
BREAK
o IP worshipper
ENTRY
TIME IN
PREPARING
FOR THE
SERVICE
PARTICIPATI
NG IN THE
SERVICE
EXIT
TIME OUT
PARTICIPATIN
G IN SMALL
GROUP
LUNCH
BREAK
o IP Volunteer
ENTRY
ATTENDING
THE
SERVICE
LUNCH
BREAK
PARTICIPATIN
G IN SMALL
GROUP
EXIT
237
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
o IP Caretaker

ENTRY
TIME IN
CHECKING
THE
FACILITIES
CLEANING
THE ROOMS
EXIT
CHECKING
THE
FACILITIES
MAINTAINING
CLEANLINES
S
LUNCH
BREAK
Parks and Recreational Space
o IP caretaker
ENTRY
INSPECTION
TIME IN
CHECKING
THE WHOLE
PLACE
EXIT
TIME OUT
SUPERVISE
LUNCH
BREAK
o IP Tribe Security
ARRIVAL
ENTRY
TIME IN
SECURES
SAFETY
EXIT
TIME OUT
PATROLLIN
G
LUNCH
BREAK
238
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
o IP Player
ENTRY
INSPECTIO
N
STROLLING
PLAYING
EXIT
STROLLING
PLAYING
LUNCH
BREAK
ARRIVAL
ENTRY
GUARD
CHECK
STROLLING
EXIT
GUARD
CHECK
STROLLING
LUNCH
BREAK
o IP visitor

Public Market
o IP vendor
ARRIVAL
ENTRY
PREPARING
THE GOODS
SELLING
THE GOODS
EXIT
PREPARING
TO GO
HOME
SELLING
THE GOODS
LUNCH
BREAK
BUYING
GOODS
EXIT
o IP consumer
ARRIVAL
ENTRY
239
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO

Ibaloi Housing
o Father
WAKE UP
EATING
BREAKFAST
PREPARING
FOR THE
WORK
OFF TO
WORK
RETURN TO
HOME
SLEEP
PREPARING
TO SLEEP
WATCHING
T.V.
EATING
DINNER
o Mother
WAKE UP
EATING
BREAKFAST
DOING
HOUSE
CHORES
EATING
LUNCH
SLEEP
PREPARING
TO SLEEP
EATING
DINNER
DOING
HOUSE
CHORES
o Children
WAKE UP
EATING
BREAKFAST
DOING
HOMEWORK
PREPARING
FOR THE
SCHOOL
OFF TO
SCHOOL
DOING
HOUSE
CHORES
PREPARING
TO SLEEP
EATING
DINNER
RETURN TO
HOME
240
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
ACTIVITY CHART PER AGE GROUP
241
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
242
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
243
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
5.10 Environmental and Interrelationship Diagram of Each
Building
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
The site was 90 km from the Provincial Capitol of Lingayen, Pangasinan and about 16
km from the Poblacion of San Nicholas, Pangasinan and more or less 53 km from
Urdaneta City. And the pathway going in the site was by means of riding a single motor
which crossing the unsafe road and cliff or by the tramline system which is defective as
of now and by simplest way yet it takes more time which it takes not less than 2 hours.
244
Figure 39. Nearby Health facilities
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
245
Figure 40. Nearby Burial Grounds
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
246
Figure 41. Nearby Barangay
Daycare Center
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
247
Figure 42. Nearby Barangay hall
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
248
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
SCHOOL FACILITIES IN SAN NICHOLAS
Table 26. List of Nearby School in
Sitio Kabayabasan
Storm Surge Prone Area
249
Figure 43. Nearby Educational
Institutions
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
250
Figure 44. Nearby Sports facilities
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
251
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
INTERRELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
252
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
253
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
254
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
255
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
256
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
257
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
MATRIX DIAGRAM
258
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
259
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
260
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
261
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
262
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
263
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
264
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
BIBLIOGRAPHIES

Afable, P. O. (1998). ‘The linguistic and historical background to “kanyaw” (with a
brief note on Igorot)’. The Igorot Quarterly 7(4), 1-11. West Covina, California.

Anderson, J .E. (2009). Law, Knowledge, Culture: The Production of Indigenous
Knowledge in Intellectual Property Law. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar
Publishing.

Asia Society (2001). The Cordillera Indigenous peoples, their environment and
human Rights. Retrieved September 15, 2009 from
http://www.asiasocictyorgjpolicvpolitics/human-riehts

Bagamaspad, A. & Hamada-Pawid, Z. (1985). A people Is history of Benguet
province. Baguio City: Baguio Printing and Publishing Company, Inc.

Batiste, M., (Ed.) (2000). Reclaiming Indigenous voice and vision. Vancouver,
Toronto: UBC Press.

Benham, M. K. P. (2004). ‘Where can we collectively be that is greater than
where we are now?’ Hulili: Multidisciplinaly Research on Hawaiian Well-Being l
(1), 35-48. Retrieved from http://ulukau.org/elib/egi-bin/library?e=d-0hulili04OOOSee--llen- 50-20-framcset-book-- 1 -0 l Oescapewin&a=d&d=D0.5&toe=0.

Campbell, J.T.; Guterl, M.T. & Lee, R. (1 (2008). Race, Nation & Empire in
American I-listmy. Publishing Systems PTY, ltd.

Bouma, G. D. Ling, R. (Eds.) (2004). The research process. (5th Ed.) New York:
Oxford University Press.

Brainard, C. M. &. E., F. Litton (Eds) (1999). Reflections on the Centennial of
Philippine independence. Pasig City: Anvil Publishing Inc.

Constantino, R. & Constantino, LR. (1999). The Philippines: The continuing past.
Quezon City: The Foundation for Nationalist Studies.

Danner, R. P. (2004). ‘The economy: A western tool to achieve our native goals’.
Hull/i: Multidisciplinaty Research on Hawaiian l'l’ell-Being 1(l), 7-17. Retrieved
265
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
from http://ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/library?e=d-0hulili04-0008ec--l len-SO-20frameset- book-- 1 -0 l 0escapewin&a=d&d=D0.3&toe=0.

(https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJCTHR-11-20160112/full/html?fbclid=IwAR2RuFh-lN3w_ueHVquvknhJIicFciNjzR_HWzSrjTtNFAToZ6WFinohws, n.d.)

(http://www.tesda.gov.ph/Gallery/Details/10251?fbclid=IwAR1kp0eRdwGwHhv1D
V5vfLeo8dcofToHsCNtJWsaWRRaUEuyg-8iGxQes-Q, n.d.)

(https://www.sacisc.gc.ca/eng/1550512330682/1550512404487?fbclid=IwAR2lWwp2rLP779o080
yXoNs6HP_20W-sPNUtFZ7i0WEJwAzkkVFR9No-Jd8, n.d.)

(https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilomanila/documents/publication/wcms_245610.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0_CGj36xHHDB2K
CF0iCF3blEMIQJqn2n18U9gYPrHRwqSzCCF-bWBzewM, n.d.)

(http://napc.gov.ph/sites/default/files/documents/articles/final_vegdf_book_april_2
7.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2oJ_5D18nPxFVSsbey4zFk2lJYiCIfjoLvl34_NYSe59gkFKYVYFxNwQ, n.d.)

(https://ncipr1.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/SITUATIONER-hand-outtrim.pdf?fbclid=IwAR0TM4c4U8D4zTti5fLM5fEWDTY4h6xvRXfPD46Tm5_odYlQyP0aseBs2o, n.d.)

(https://ncipr1.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Ancestral-DomainSITUATIONER.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3LG--xG2HmET2vWMuQDMQG_XAbpi4TvbToE5EgCZBhogb6tF9LvKggBI, n.d.)

(http://www.matses.org/projects.html?fbclid=IwAR1EQN5w1tvCr9ppvD2lNZ5HQc
D5Xdm0_PUyXdxS7rcXH_GpDynzy1NI7b4, n.d.)

(https://www.iwgia.org/en/network?fbclid=IwAR1nFXprF483VzDz8woOl7POp5Kt
P_YOpiYlTM2BBl1fHg-116WHXGggkwM, n.d.)

(http://www.tebtebba.org/index.php/content/383-situation-of-indigenous-peoplesin-the-philippines-submission-to-the-59th-session-of-
266
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
cescr?fbclid=IwAR0f8Dvbis3fODg0B7mG6kXdCUBsBSvpAnhrD327OHhMonJaT72rolJ34A, n.d.)

(https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/projectdetail/P057473?lang=en&fbclid=IwAR0roqCsye2h-8sQC7WJVZc3HrCbNCWxveoLRMRqgHlrGY7jwgISC7ns28, n.d.)

(https://coporwa1en.wordpress.com/programs/?fbclid=IwAR2lWwp2rLP779o080y
XoNs6HP_20W-sPNUtFZ7i0WEJwAzkkVFR9No-Jd8, n.d.)

(http://www.forestguardian.net/?fbclid=IwAR1ClnRpeHGvMK9nYPiPODPCpjl63
MDZTsjPymio2h3EsjOw1gv3MFNrgq0, n.d.)

(https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/254102/classroom-houses-for-ati-tribe-inboracay?fbclid=IwAR2KKAQYM2GrWGtVsJS45LND4ES_jRFBUnqppmXAeGCR
ccqAvFbOPQvPHEY, n.d.)

(https://www.survivalinternational.org/galleries/matses?fbclid=IwAR2KKAQYM2G
rWGtVsJS45LND4ES_jRFBUnqppmXAeGCRccqAvFbOPQvPHEY, n.d.)

(https://knepublishing.com/index.php/KneSocial/article/view/2412/5302?fbclid=IwAR1GxEoeYRgOm5XC_ja0qgbcNBOtQZQEoGfMkFagUCeT2drwq0H104hA0M, n.d.)

(https://www.fieldstudyoftheworld.com/community-development-indigenousguatemala-mayanfamilies/?fbclid=IwAR1EQN5w1tvCr9ppvD2lNZ5HQcD5Xdm0_PUyXdxS7rcXH_
GpDynzy1NI7b4, n.d.)
267
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
APPENDIX A
REVISION
Population growth
Since the population of Sitio Kabaybasan is annually growing, the researcher considers
the 5 years projected population that will be the basis of the proposal. The Ibaloi
Indigenous people has a total Population of 293 in 2015, 303 in 2016 and 329 in 2017.
𝐺𝑅 =
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛
−1
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1
329 3
𝐺𝑅 =
−1
293
𝐺𝑅 = 3.94 %
After using the average growth rate formula, Sitio Kabayabasan community population
grows in average 3.94% annually. This indicates that their poor economic conditions
and fast-growing population will become a problem overtime. The researcher now
projected the number of populations in the length of 5 years as show in the table below.
POPULATION PROJECTION
Year
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
No. of
Population
329
342
355
369
384
399
415
Table 27. Population Projection of Sitio
Kabayabasan
268
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Sustainable Water System
THE GREYWATER RECYCLING AQUAPONIC SYSTEM - “GREYPONICS”
Actual water supply and waste water disposal as a source of water for plantation is
unsustainable. The nutrient and water cycles are not closed, as result they are a oneway system. To increase the sustainability of the ibaloi community it is necessary to
improve their way in harvesting and introduce them new innovative technology, it also
means it is necessary to improve their sanitary system.
Basic description of the system
In the Greyponic system the three already described systems greywater recycling,
hydroculture and aquaculture are combined to a new system. This happened before in
the “living machine” system, where the domestic waste water is recycled by plants in a
hydroculture system, but without the running an aquaculture. This recycled waste water
was only used for the plants. The new Greyponic system shall additionally provide water
for the greywater use devices, like toilet flushes. No Blackwater is used for the system.
The accruement of Blackwater should be avoided instead. The divergence to the
Greywater recycling under the use of plants is that the Greyponic system consists out of
an assembly of the aquaculture and hydroculture.
269
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Through the combination of greywater recycling, hydroculture and aquaponics a system
shall be developed that is more sustainable to the environment, can use synergy effects
and is cost efficient for the Ibaloi.
Design of the Greyponic system
The Greywater collection
system is installed like already
described with no connection to
the blackwater system. High
polluted sources should be
strictly avoided. The waste
water is then as first step lead to
a sedimentation basin/storage
tank, where the biggest part of
Figure 45. Greyphonics System diagram
the solids can be removed. In
the standard greywater system, a ventilation of the water would be installed, which
makes after that as further step a sedimentation basin necessary. For big systems this
sequence of installation should be recommended. In small scale system this effort for
another step should be avoided. To reduce the system cost and functionality it is
suggested conducting the aeration (poking the soil with small holes to allow air, water
and nutrients to penetrate the grass roots) in one step together with the circulation water
of the aquaponics. This can happen under the double use of ventilation and pumping in
an air lift pump.
270
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
ACTIVITY CHART PER AGE GROUP
271
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
272
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
273
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Related Literature For Facilities
American Indian Community Blueprint
Building a 21st Century American Indian Community
NACDI
Telephone: 612-235-4976
E-mail: arts@nacdi.org
This American Indian Community Blueprint establishes a community development
framework for asset-based, solution-oriented strategies designed to advance American
Indian interests and opportunities. This community of the American Indian community of
the Twin Cities envisions a vibrant, healthy, and balanced community where there are
economic opportunities for American Indian people and where American Indian cultures
are celebrated, honored and shared with the greater metropolitan community.
The content of this community development framework has developed by the urban
American Indian community of the Twin Cities. It’s important for the author that the
visions, ideas, and solutions of the American Indian community be honored, valued, and
implemented. Community input and engagement is essential to the ongoing success of
this initiative in order to work collaboratively and implement these community-defined
strategies. The Native American Community Development Institute (NACDI) has worked
to collect and synthesize the information in this Blueprint for the benefit of the entire
community.
The overall purpose of this Blueprint is threefold; To synthesis and summarize
community-based research and planning around community improvement; To articulate
the vision of community members for the future of the Twin Cities urban American
Indian community; To identify strategies for community advancement towards the
vision.
274
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
COMMUNITY WHOLENESS
According to the author, the community is not merely physical
space; it is formed with shared values, traditions, cultures, and
practices of the people within. A communal sense of wholeness
–spiritual and physical well-being -depends on holding up and
respecting these elements in all decisions. And for the author, it
is critical to cultivating this wholeness, pass it along to younger
generations, foster respect, honor, and understanding among
all people.
Implementation Strategies
American Indian people are spirituality nourished, value their
cultures and traditions, pass these practices on to younger generations, and foster
respect, honor, and understanding by all people.
Strategies:
 Create places for ceremonies, both indoor and outdoor
 Provide support for places of worship, prayer, thanksgiving
 Increase the availability of spiritual training
 Develop the means to increase understanding of American Indian spirituality in
medical facilities, schools, and organizations
 Provide opportunities for youth and elder interaction to enable the passage of
spiritual and cultural traditions to youth
 Create a regional American Indian cultural
center/museum/performance/arts center
 Support and expand opportunities for native language learning and speaking
 Develop culturally-based opportunities for intergenerational
interaction/learning, namely youth, parents and elders
 Position the Minneapolis American Indian Center as a prominent cultural
center with activities and events
 Develop an American Indian-owned restaurant(s) featuring traditional native
foods
 Increase the number of art galleries and the amount of artist studio space
available for American Indian artists
 Support the development and location of stores featuring authentic native
products
 Create a planetarium for indigenous cosmology and star knowledge
 Develop active American Indian programming in local public schools
 Ensure American Indian cultural identity is evident on franklin avenue through:
 Design
 Businesses
 Public art
275
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO



Murals
Gateways
Streetscape and signs (including digital signage)
American Indian people live healthy lifestyles and
have access to high-quality and affordable health
care.
Strategies:
 Promote the integration of native health
and wellness into the urban lifestyle
 Develop a 21st century American Indian
health care business model and system
with an emphasis on wellness, healthy lifestyles, and preventative care
 Develop training opportunities for health care careers
 Ensure a high-quality, affordable community clinic is available in south
Minneapolis
 Expand the availability of healthy food options at restaurants and grocery
stores
 Develop a fitness center and health and wellness classes geared towards
American Indian people
 Increase community connections to metropolitan hospitals and medical facilities:
 Collaborations between community, community clinics, pharmacies, and
other non-native medical facilities
 Create pathways to job opportunities
 Develop a native liaison position to the urban health care facilities
 Maintain and expand accessible drug and alcohol treatment options and aftercare
 Increase the availability of healthy cooking and lifestyle classes
 Develop Indian-specific youth and adult sports activities and leagues
276
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
COMMUNITY ECONOMIC VITALITY
No progress is possible without a strong economic
foundation and the author said that a wellfunctioning American Indian economy within the
metropolitan economy will provide living-wage
jobs, business creation, and a range of housing
opportunities for different income levels. Improving
the local economy, particularly associated with the
American Indian cultural corridor, will provide direct
and tangible benefits to the community.
Implementation Strategies:
American Indian people inspire and grow their own entrepreneurs and small
businesses, creating a vibrant local business district and economy with regional
prominence.
Strategies:
 Create an American Indian Business and finance center to house
community business services, training, and technical assistance
 Services include:
 American Indian small business and entrepreneurship classes
 Knowledge of all resources available to Indian-owned small
businesses ie. a business information clearinghouse
 Database of available commercial properties for lease and
purchase
 Assistance and computer center with business and accounting
software, search engines, tutorials
 Small business incubator
 Develop a native-owned hotel and conference center within the cultural
corridor
 Create an American Indian marketplace at the Minneapolis American Indian
center
 Maintain/create space for light industrial
 Create American Indian youth entrepreneur opportunities
 Create a land acquisition fund and vehicle to increase American Indian business
and organizational land ownership
American Indian people have access to quality, affordable housing for all people with an
emphasis on homeownership.
277
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Strategies:
 Create and preserve elder housing options within the cultural corridor area
 Increase availability of resident support services at rental housing locations with
American Indian residents to assist with connections to job training, child care,
neighborhood organizations, financial options, support towards home-ownership
 Recruit and provide support for American Indian community-based
realtors/brokers
American Indian people have strong schools, educational programs, and training
opportunities to prepare for 21st-century jobs.
Strategies:
 Increase the availability of early
childhood school readiness programs
and childcare
 Develop opportunities for youth
supplemental learning/experience
programs
 Increase the availability of tutoring
services
 Develop a strong American Indian youth
mentorship program
 Develop an after-school youth learning laboratory with a focus on 21st-century
jobs and innovation
 Media center, entrepreneurship clubs, fine arts, music and dance,
science and technology labs, language centers
 Sports programs, youth leadership, and service programs
 Provides connections to additional experiential learning opportunities and
programs
 Develop and expand active training programs within high growth sectors of
the economy
 Advocate and expand American Indian higher education/post-secondary
scholarship programs
 Create an American Indian education research institute to document best
practices and proven methods
278
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
COMMUNITY PROSPERITY
Strong communities have a sense of shared experience, goals, and challenges. In order
to face these opportunities and challenges together, the urban American Indian
community needs to work collaboratively both within the community and with other
communities to achieve success. It is imperative that the American Indian community
continues to foster a sense of belonging and participation amongst community
members.
Implementation Strategies
American Indian people have a geographic home in the Twin Cities that provides a
strong sense of community pride and
lasting relationships
Strategies:
 Implement the American Indian
cultural corridor
 Create and maintain spaces and
places for the American Indian
community to gather such as:
o Outdoor space/parks
o Meeting space
o Event space
o Performance space
o Ceremony space
 Strengthen relationships between tribal and urban Indian communities
 Develop and present year-round cultural activities in the cultural corridor and
throughout the metropolitan region
 Ensure regular community-based neighborhood planning and continuous
community engagement during the planning and implementation process in the
cultural corridor
 Increase the production and distribution of American Indian media content
 Develop a community digital signage system to complement the American Indian
cultural corridor
 Position the franklin library as a center within the county library system for
information on American Indian culture and history
 Market the cultural corridor as a desirable place to live, work, and shop
279
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Conclusion:
For the advancement of the community of American Indian people, the NACDI plans and
establishes a community development framework and developed by the very urban
American Indian community of the Twin Cities were the beneficiaries of this plan. The
author respects the voices of the American Indian people and considers their
perspectives for the future of Twin Cities. As a result, the implementation strategies of
this community development framework are created where it's considered the wholeness
of the community in terms of cultures and traditions. The author plans to create places
where the community can perform their ceremonies, prayer, and even a place where the
elders can train the youth to pass the cultures and traditions of their community. The
author also considers having a cultural center/museum/performance/arts center where
the community can show the richness of their cultures. Also, the author has a plan for the
economic vitality of the community were the took importance of having a business and
finance center for the American Indian community, and also have a plan to create a
marketplace to boost the economic growth of the community. NACDI has also a plan of
creating outdoors space like parks, event place, and performance space for the
community to strengthen the relationships between tribal and urban communities.
The ideas of the community development framework for the American Indian community
are a huge help for the researchers it will be great to apply for their study. With these
strategies for community wholeness, community economic vitality, and community
prosperity it's will have a huge impact on the development of the Ibaloi community.
280
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Farming Livelihood Innovation
One of the primary sources of income of Ibalois is farming and with the help of
modernization, this new system will surely help and create a positive impact regarding to
their source of livelihood that can uplift their farming system.It create a big changes in the
community but less in the environment due to its sustainable approach.
Aquaponics is best described as a recirculating system of plants, nutrients, and fish; an
integration of aquaculture (fish farming) and hydroponics (growing plants without soil) in one
singular system. This system utilises various natural and organic elements within the plants and
fish in a symbiotic growth pattern. Aquaponics is regarded as a sustainable food system that
offers food security solutions and gives room for;
 Extremely easy to set up and maintain – no weeding, no chemicals, less water and pests
 The ability to grow local and nutrient-rich agricultural products all year round;
 An eco-friendly and energy efficient system;
 Use of limited space for its establishment;
 An affordable and inclusive solution to farming;
 Sustainable locally sourced fresh sea food.
A Continuous Flood (or Constant Flood) aquaponics system has essentially the same design as
Ebb and Flow (Flood and Drain). However, no timers or siphons are used. Instead, a pump
continuously floods the grow bed with water and then recirculates it back into the fish tank.
281
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
While this aquaponics design is certainly simple, results can be mixed. Most aquaponics
enthusiasts prefer the Ebb and Flow because many plants benefit from periods of dryness. With
that said, there are fewer costs involved, and Continuous Flow is extremely low-maintenance.
Benefits of a Continuous Flood system
 The easiest design for your aquaponics plans
 Self-cleaning
 No timers or siphons are used
 Inexpensive because fewer parts are needed
 Simple design and fewer parts mean low maintenance and great for beginners
THE GREYWATER RECYCLING AQUAPONIC SYSTEM - “GREYPONICS”
Actual water supply and waste water disposal as a source of water for plantation is
unsustainable. The nutrient and water cycles are not closed, as result they are a oneway system. To increase the sustainability of the ibaloi community it is necessary to
improve their way in harvesting and introduce them new innovative technology, it also
means it is necessary to improve their sanitary system.
Basic description of the system
In the Greyponic system the three already described systems greywater recycling,
hydroculture and aquaculture are combined to a new system. This happened before in
the “living machine” system, where the domestic waste water is recycled by plants in a
hydroculture system, but without the running an aquaculture. This recycled waste water
was only used for the plants. The new Greyponic system shall additionally provide water
for the greywater use devices, like toilet flushes. No Blackwater is used for the system.
282
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
The accruement of Blackwater should be avoided instead. The divergence to the
Greywater recycling under the use of plants is that the Greyponic system consists out of
an assembly of the aquaculture and hydroculture.
Through the combination of greywater recycling, hydroculture and aquaponics a system
shall be developed that is more sustainable to the environment, can use synergy effects
and is cost efficient for the Ibaloi.
Design of the Greyponic system
The Greywater collection
system is installed like already
described with no connection to
the blackwater system. High
polluted sources should be
strictly avoided. The waste
water is then as first step lead to
a sedimentation basin/storage
tank, where the biggest part of
Figure 46. Greyphonics System diagram
the solids can be removed. In
the standard greywater system, a ventilation of the water would be installed, which
makes after that as further step a sedimentation basin necessary. For big systems this
sequence of installation should be recommended. In small scale system this effort for
283
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
another step should be avoided. To reduce the system cost and functionality it is
suggested conducting the aeration (poking the soil with small holes to allow air, water
and nutrients to penetrate the grass roots) in one step together with the circulation water
of the aquaponics. This can happen under the double use of ventilation and pumping in
an air lift pump.
284
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
The site was 90 km from the Provincial Capitol of Lingayen, Pangasinan and about 16
km from the Poblacion of San Nicholas, Pangasinan and more or less 53 km from
Urdaneta City. And the pathway going in the site was by means of riding a single motor
which crossing the unsafe road and cliff or by the tramline system which is defective as
of now and by simplest way yet it takes more time which it takes not less than 2 hours.
285
Figure 47. Nearby Health facilities
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
286
Figure 48. Nearby Burial Grounds
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
287
Figure 49. Nearby Barangay
Daycare Center
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
288
Figure 50. Nearby Barangay hall
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
289
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
SCHOOL FACILITIES IN SAN NICHOLAS
Table 28. List of Nearby School in
Sitio Kabayabasan
Storm Surge Prone Area
290
Figure 51. Nearby Educational
Institutions
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
291
Figure 52. Nearby Sports facilities
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
292
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Zoning And Number Of Facilities
293
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
IBALOI ARCHITECTURE AND COMMUNITY PLANNING
-
Whereas
houses
used
to
be
dispersed, with vast tracts of land and
mountains
separating
them,
settlements now consist of many
houses that form real villages or towns,
the members of which belong to the
same lineage. However, more than
any other Cordillera group, the lbaloy
still tend to build their houses far from one another in the middle of fields within the village
area.
The traditional house of the elementary family, which is the social unit, consists of one
room 6 x 8 m, roofed and walled with thatch. It stands on imam-am or talekem
(posts) 1.6 m from the ground. The door is oriented toward the north or east. Mortises
and grooves, instead of nails, are used to fasten the boards and timber together; rafters
are tied to joists with rattan strips. Entrance to the house is by a ladder that is pulled up
and inside at night. The wealthy keep a large cauldron underneath the house to be
used in the grand feasts called the peshit or cafiao.
In the middle of the room is a low dining table, the dulang. When not in use, this stands
on one end, leaning against the wall so as to make room for sleeping. Deer or cowhide is
used as a mat. Chairs are blocks of wood. Cooking vessels are hung from books or placed
294
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
a top stone in the house. Also hanging from hooks are baskets of various shapes and
sizes, in which different kinds of food to be cooked are stored. There is an earth-filled box
used as the hearth. Above this is a bamboo rack or a garret where rice or root crops are
dried and stored, or fruit is placed to hasten ripening.
The Ibaloy have been affected by modern ideas of house building more than any other
Igorot group. Since the American colonial period, the thatch has been replaced: the floor
and walls by pine board and the roof with galvanized iron. The family sleeps on native
beds or on wooden floors.
295
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
296
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
APPENDIX B
Table of Figures
Figure 1. Pangasinan Location ...................................................................................... 13
Figure 2. Pangasinan Road Network map..................................................................... 13
Figure 3. Pangasinan Land Use map ............................................................................ 14
Figure 4. Number of Employed in registered Business Establishments ........................ 18
Figure 5. San Felipe East boundaries ........................................................................... 19
Figure 6. Ancestral Domain Location in Municipality of San Nicolas, Pangasinan ........ 23
Figure 7. Map of the Ibaloi Ancestral Domain of Kabayabasan, San Felipe East, San
Nicolas, ......................................................................................................................... 24
Figure 8. Bounded Growth Development map .............................................................. 48
Figure 9. Conceptual Framework .................................................................................. 57
Figure 10. Photo of draft Ancestral domain map of Ibaloi............................................ 109
Figure 11. Facilities needed ........................................................................................ 141
Figure 12. Sitio Kabayabasan Lot Plan (NCIP region 1) ............................................. 154
Figure 13. Greyphonics System diagram .................................................................... 195
Figure 14.Pangasinan Location ................................................................................... 196
Figure 15. Pangasinan Road Network map................................................................. 196
Figure 16. Pangasinan Land Use map ........................................................................ 197
Figure 17. Ancestral Domain Map ............................................................................... 199
Figure 18. Contour map .............................................................................................. 200
Figure 19. Existing base map ...................................................................................... 201
Figure 20. Buildable Area ............................................................................................ 202
Figure 21. Sun path in June ........................................................................................ 203
Figure 22. Sun path in December ............................................................................... 204
Figure 23. Hydrological and wind map ........................................................................ 205
Figure 24. Landslide Prone Area ................................................................................. 206
Figure 25. Soil map ..................................................................................................... 207
Figure 26. Soil type and Characteristics ...................................................................... 208
Figure 27. Flood Prone Map ........................................................................................ 209
Figure 28. Proposed Zoning map ................................................................................ 210
Figure 29. Risk Assesment Map ................................................................................. 216
Figure 30. Flood Prone Area ....................................................................................... 217
Figure 31. Storm Surge Prone Area ............................................................................ 218
Figure 32. Earthquake Induced landslide Prone Area ................................................. 219
Figure 33. Erosion Prone Area .................................................................................... 220
Figure 34. Rain induced landslide Prone Area ........................................................... 221
Figure 35. Detailed hazard Map of San Nicholas ........................................................ 222
297
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
Figure 36. Fault rupture map ....................................................................................... 223
Figure 37. Erosion Prone Area .................................................................................... 224
Figure 38. Road Network Map .................................................................................... 225
Figure 39. Nearby Health facilities .............................................................................. 245
Figure 40. Nearby Burial Grounds ............................................................................... 245
Figure 41. Nearby Barangay Daycare Center ............................................................. 245
Figure 42. Nearby Barangay hall ................................................................................. 245
Figure 43. Nearby Educational Institutions .................................................................. 245
Figure 43. Nearby Sports facilities .............................................................................. 245
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Population of Indigenous people in the Philippines (2013) .............................. 11
Table 2. Ibaloi overall Population and per provinces ..................................................... 12
Table 3. Pangasinan Population per Municipality ........................................................ 15
Table 4. Pangasinan Daily Minimum Wage rate ........................................................... 17
Table 5. Public facilities in San Felipe (2015) ................................................................ 21
Table 6. Social Profile in San Felipe (2015) .................................................................. 21
Table 7. Approved CADT as of 2018 (NCIP) ................................................................. 22
Table 8. Total population of Sitio Kabayabasan (2016) ................................................. 25
Table 9. Total population of Sitio Kabayabasan (2017) ................................................. 26
Table 10. Average monthly income of Ibaloi parents .................................................... 27
Table 11. Fathers Occupation ....................................................................................... 28
Table 12. Educational attainment of Ibaloi parents ....................................................... 29
Table 13. Sitio Kabayabasan Mortality Rate ................................................................. 30
Table 14. Population Projection of Sitio Kabayabasan .................................................. 52
Table 15. Summary of Respondents ........................................................................... 123
Table 16. Age .............................................................................................................. 129
Table 17. Sex .............................................................................................................. 130
Table 18. Civil Status .................................................................................................. 130
Table 19. Educational Attainment ............................................................................... 131
Table 20. Occupation .................................................................................................. 132
Table 21. Daily Income................................................................................................ 133
Table 22. SITE CRITERIA........................................................................................... 155
Table 23. General Appropriation of NCIP (2018) ........................................................ 162
Table 24. Projected Project Cost by Phase ................................................................. 165
Table 25. Disaster Risk Analysis ................................................................................. 215
Table 26. List of Nearby School in Sitio Kabayabasan ................................................ 245
298
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
AUTHORS’ RESUME
299
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
300
SIGED JEN ILI: SUSTAINABLE IBALOI HERITAGE COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT IN PANGASINAN
CAMA | BANTOK | MAGNO
301