Security Level:
VoLTE Solution
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
VoLTE is a key of LTE success
VoLTE provides a good platform for competing with
OTT
VoLTE accelerate the development of
LTE users
60%
IMS
50%
40%
6 months after
VoLTE
launched
30%
20%
VoLTE
launched
10%
0% 1%
10%
5%
19%
11% 19%
30%
47%
36% 42%
52%
LTE user penetration in koreaSource from : LG
Uplus_Investor_Presentation
_February_v12
After VoLTE commercial,LTE user growth rate is
nearly 2 times than before in Korea
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Contac
t
File
Video
Voice
Camer Locatio
transfe share
chart
n
r
launch in 14 countries; 87a
IM
20 operators
operators commitment across 35+ countries
Huawei Confidential
2
VoLTE Commercialization Update
16+
48M@2015  288M@2017
Commercial deploying/trialing
* Source From GSA Apr. 2015
* Source : VoLTE forecasted by Infonetics
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70+
3
VoLTE Commercialization Update
Source from GSA Feb.2015
SPS
RoHC
SRVCC
Snapdragon 210
TTIB
MDM
8960/8974
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Kirin 910/920
Huawei Confidential
MT6732
NVIDIA ICE
9045
4
Kirin 620
2015
VoLTE Fast and High Quality Experience
GSM
AMR
Voice Network Evolution
<10s
NB-AMR
CSFB
<4s
WB-AMR
Ultra-Flash
CSFB
Circuit switch
12.2kbps
All-IP
<1s
4.8kbps
23.85kbps
VoLTE
Shorter Setup Time
<4s
Setup Time
Ultra-Flash CSFB
Higher Voice Quality
Best Voice
<1s
Setup Time
VoLTE
>400
VoLTE Users per Cell

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>4.0
MOS
…
5
VoLTE Roadmap
Admission & Congestion
based on satisfaction
Basic QoS management
Dynamic Scheduling
DRX
Basic
Mobility
Mobility management
SRVCC to UTRAN/GERAN
SRVCC Flexible Steering to
UTRAN
Capacity&
Coverage
SPS
RoHC
TTTB
Preferential Access
for Voice Service
VoLTE HoBlackList
Separate
MobilityParameter for
Voice and data
UL delay based
scheduling
Coverage based on
inter-Frequency
handover
Priority based on interFrequency handover
RLC segment
Enhancement
UL Compensating
Scheduling
Voice Characteristic
Awareness Scheduling
Voice-Specific AMC
COUNTER
VQM
eRAN6.0
eRAN7.0
eRAN8.0
eRAN8.1
Basic feature recommended in eRAN7.0，Enhanced feature need Beta。
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UL Compensating
Scheduling
enhancement
LTE/SAE Architecture
IMS is session control based on IP, it could support multi-service on IP; E-UTRAN(eNB)
have radio resource management function which could guarantee the QoS of VoLTE.
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VoLTE Service Setup Procedure
When UE request VoLTE service, IMS deals with register request.
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Voice Codec
Voice Support different codecs，for example G.711/G.729/AMR； G.711 and G.729 is the ITU-T standard，
mainly used for fix-telephone, G.711 is about 64Kbps and G.729 is about 8Kbps, both packets interval are
20ms;AMR is the standard codec for 3GPP VoLTE, the traffic model are:

Transient State: Initial status for VoLTE setup；

Talk Spurt: one voice frame every 20ms, packets size depends on different codecs；

Silent Period: one silence frame every 160ms,。
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AMR Voice Codec
AMR
Frame
Includes AMR -NB and AMR –WB；For AMR RTP payload,
RTP
RTCP
SIP/SDP
UDP
UDP
there are two type model:
Bandwidth-Efficient
 Octet-Aligned
IP
IP
E-RAB1
E-RAB2
PDCP
PDCP
Except AMR RTP payload，RTP/UDP/IP header payload are：
RTP header ：12 Bytes
 UDP header：8 Bytes
RLC UM
RLC AM
IP header：IPv4 20 Bytes，IPv6 40 Bytes；
MAC
PHY
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VoLTE Priority Access
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Preferential Access for Voice Service （eRAN11.0）
Traffic
Judge
Keep N users for
VoLTE prority access
VoLTE user
(Pre-emption a NonVoLTE user）
Data user(Realese)
Principle：eNodeB recognize a VoLTE user，keep access user resource for VoLTE，if the online user is beyond
(support user-kept user for VoLTE)，guarantee the new access VoLTE user succesfully, and release the data user or
redirect the data user to inter-frequency or inter-RAT cell，at the same time, the new access VoLTE user could pre-
emption the lower priority user to guarantee the VoLTE users’ performance。
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Preferential Access for Voice Service network impact


KPI Impact:

Increase the VoLTE user number under congestion。

May decrease cell data user numbers and intra-RAT handover success and increase the drop rate
Capacity Impacts

Improve the VoLTE capacity performance。

If there is no new VoLTE user then the cell capacity may decrease for data user。
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Coverage and Frequency priority based on inter-Frequency
handover for QCI1
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Coverage and Frequency priority based on inter-Frequency
handover for QCI1
Coverage based on inter-Frequency
handover for QCI1
Scenario
QCI9-data
QCI1-voice
Cell edge
2.6G
HO target:2.6G
2.1G
HO Target :850M
Frequency priority based on
inter-Frequency handover for QCI1
850
Value
价值
场景
功能开启
Coverage based on
inter-Frequency
handover for QCI1
Voice choose low-frequency，decrease
handover propobility, improve MOS
•Three inter-frequency
•Coverage based on inter-Frequency
handover
MOD ENODEBALGOSWITCH: HoAlgoSwitch=InterFreqCoverHoSwitch-1;
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=x,
MultiFreqPriControlSwitch=VoipMeasFreqPriSwitch-1;
Frequency priority
based on
inter-Frequency
handover for QCI1
After voice finished, it could fast return
back to big bandwidth
•For voice traffic user which cannot be
handover from low-fre to high-fre to
decrease inter-fre handover for VoLTE。
•Two inter-frequency
Frequency priority based on
inter-Frequency handover
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=x,
FreqPriorityHoSwitch=FreqPriorIFHOSwitch-1,
MultiFreqPriControlSwitch=VoipMeasFreqPriSwitch-1;
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Preferential Access for Voice Service Deploy
（eRAN11.0）
 Hardware Depend
Non

License
Need

Activation
Run the MOD CELLALGOSWITCH command to configure the VoltePrefAdmissionSwitch and VoltePreemptionSwitch options.
Run the MOD CELLRACTHD command to configure the VolteReservedNumber and VoltePrefAdmissionTimer parameters.

Monitor
On the U2000, start UE number count monitoring tasks to monitor the number of online UEs in a cell and start service number count monitoring
tasks to monitor the statistics of the services with the QCI of 1.
指标ID
指标名称
1526739725
L.VoiceUser.VoIPPref.Succ
1526739726
L.HHO.Prep.FailIn.AdmitFail.VoIPPref
指标描述
Number of successful preferential accesses performed by voice service UEs
Number of preparation failures of incoming intra-duplex-mode handovers
triggered by voice service preferential access
1526739727
L.HHO.InterFddTdd.Prep.FailIn.AdmitFail.VoIPPref
Number of preparation failures of incoming inter-duplex-mode handovers
triggered by voice service preferential access
1526739728
L.RRC.ReEstFail.VoIPPref
Number of RRC reestablishment failures caused by voice service preferential
access
1526739730
L.UECNTX.Rel.eNodeB.VoIPPref.PreEmpSucc
Number of UE context releases triggered by the eNodeB due to successful
resource preemption caused by voice service preferential access
1526739731
L.UECNTX.Rel.eNodeB.VoIPPref.Fail
of UE context releases triggered
16 by the eNodeB due to voice service
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preferential access failures
TTI Bundling Deploy

Hardware Depend
UE need support。

License
Need

Activation
Run the MOD CELLALGOSWITCH command to deactivate TTI bundling.
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=0, UlSchSwitch=TtiBundlingSwitch-1;
 Monitor
Use the following counters to check the status of TTI bundling. TTI bundling is enabled if the values of these counters are not 0.
Counter ID
Counter Name
Counter Description
1526728496
L.Traffic.User.TtiBundling.Avg
Average number of UEs for which TTI bundling is enabled in a cell
1526728911
L.Signal.Num.TtiBundling.Enter
Number of messages that trigger the entering of the TTI bundling mode
1526728912
L.Signal.Num.TtiBundling.Exit
Number of messages that trigger the exiting of the TTI bundling mode
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ROHC Deploy

Hardware Depend
UE need support。

License
Need

Activation
Run the MOD PDCPROHCPARA command with the ROHC switch parameter set to ON(On) and the ROHC Highest mode and Compression
profiles parameters set as required.
MOD PDCPROHCPARA:ROHCSWITCH=ON,HIGHESTMODE=O_MODE,PROFILES=Profile0x0001-1&Profile0x0002-1;

Monitor
Use the following counters to check the status of ROHC. ROHC is enabled if the values of these counters are not 0.
Counter ID
Counter Name
Counter Description
1526728524
L.Traffic.User.RoHC.Max
Maximum number of UEs on which
1526728525
L.Traffic.User.RoHC.Avg
ROHC takes effect in a cell
Average number of UEs on which
ROHC takes effect in a cell
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SPS Deploy

Hardware Depend
UE need support。

License
Need

Activation

Run the MOD CELLALGOSWITCH command to turn on the uplink semi-persistent scheduling switch.

Run the MOD CELLALGOSWITCH command to turn on the switch of closed-loop power control for the PUSCH in semi-persistent scheduling mode.

Run the MOD CELLALGOSWITCH command turn on the downlink semi-persistent scheduling switch.

Run the MOD CELLALGOSWITCH command turn on the switch of closed-loop power control in downlink semi-persistent scheduling mode

MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=0, UlSchSwitch=SpsSchSwitch-1;MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=0, DlSchSwitch=SpsSchSwitch-1;MOD
CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=0, UlPcAlgoSwitch=CloseLoopSpsSwitch-1;MOD CELLALGOSWITCH: LocalCellId=0,
DlPcAlgoSwitch=PdschSpsPcSwitch-0;

Monitor
Use the following counters to check the status of SPS. SPS is enabled if the values of these counters are not 0.
指标ID
指标名称
指标描述
1526728562
L.Sps.UL.ErrNum
Number of times of failed uplink semi-persistent scheduling transmission in a cell
1526728494
L.Sps.UL.SchNum
Number of times of uplink semi-persistent scheduling in a cell
1526728563
L.Sps.DL.ErrNum
Number of times of failed downlink semi-persistent scheduling transmission in a cell
1526728495
of times of downlink semi-persistent
scheduling in a cell
HUAWEI L.Sps.DL.SchNum
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Uplink VoLTE RLC segment enhance Deploy

Hardware Depend
Non。

License
Non

Activation
Run the MOD CELLULSCHALGO command with the Uplink Voip Rlc Maximum Segmentation Number parameter set to its recommended value.
MOD PDCPROHCPARA:ROHCSWITCH=ON,HIGHESTMODE=O_MODE,PROFILES=Profile0x0001-1&Profile0x0002-1;

Monitor
Use the following counters to check the status of RLC segment:
Counter ID
Counter Name
Counter Description
1526727412
to 1526727443
L.ChMeas.PUSCH.MCS.0
to L.ChMeas.PUSCH.MCS.31
Number of times that MCS indexes
0 to 31 are used for PUSCH
scheduling
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Voice Characteristic Awareness Scheduling Deploy

depend
Non

Activation
Run the MOD CELLULSCHALGO command to enable uplink delay-based dynamic scheduling.
Run the MOD CELLULSCHALGO command to enable uplink VoLTE volume estimation for dynamic scheduling
MOD CELLULSCHALGO: LocalCellId=0, UlDelaySchStrategy=VOIP_DELAYSCH;
MOD CELLULSCHALGO: LocalCellId=0, UlEnhencedVoipSchSw=UlVoLTEDataSizeEstSwitch-1;

License
need
 Monitor
On the U2000 client, check the the number of CCEs allocated for uplink QCI 1 services and the duration of receiving uplink QCI 1 data at the PDCP layer. If both of
them increase, uplink VoLTE volume estimation for dynamic scheduling has been activated. In addition, check the proportion of VQIs that indicate poor or bad
voice quality. If the proportion decreases, uplink delay-based dynamic scheduling have been activated.
Counter ID
Counter Name
Counter Description
1526736735
L.ChMeas.CCE.ULUsed.VoIP
Number of PDCCH CCEs allocated to uplink VoIP
1526726777
L.Thrp.Time.UL.QCI.1
Duration of receiving uplink PDCP PDUs for services with QCIs of 1 in a cell
1526728411
L.Voice.VQI.UL.Excellent.Times
Number of times uplink voice quality is Excellent
1526728412
L.Voice.VQI.UL.Good.Times
Number of times uplink voice quality is Good
1526728413
L.Voice.VQI.UL.Accept.Times
Number of times uplink voice quality is Accept
HUAWEI
1526728414
TECHNOLOGIES
CO., LTD.
L.Voice.VQI.UL.Poor.Times
21
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Confidential
Number
of times uplink voice quality is Poor
Voice-Specific AMC Deploy

depend
Non

Activation
Run the MOD CELLULSCHALGO to set a target IBLER for adjusting VoLTE SINRs.
MOD CELLULSCHALGO: LocalCellId=0, SinrAdjTargetIblerforVoLTE=x;

License
Non
 Monitor
On the U2000 client, check the values of the counters listed in Table 9-21. If the uplink IBLER of QCI 1 services (calculated using the following formula)
converges on the target IBLER, this feature has been activated.
Counter ID
Counter Name
Counter Description
1526737730
L.Traffic.UL.SCH.QPSK.ErrTB.Ibler.QCI.1
Number of erroneously transmitted QCI 1 service TBs on the UL-SCH during
the initial transmission in QPSK modulation mode
1526737731
L.Traffic.UL.SCH.16QAM.ErrTB.Ibler.QCI.1
Number of erroneously transmitted QCI 1 service TBs on the UL-SCH during
the initial transmission in 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16QAM)
modulation mode
1526737732
L.Traffic.UL.SCH.64QAM.ErrTB.Ibler.QCI.1
Number of erroneously transmitted QCI 1 service TBs on the UL-SCH during
the initial transmission in 64QAM modulation mode
HUAWEI
1526737724
22 QCI 1 service TBs on the UL-SCH in QPSK
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L.Traffic.UL.SCH.QPSK.TB.QCI.1
Number of initially transmitted
KPI
 Network KPI
» Coverage
» Call Setup success ratio
» Call Drop ratio
» Traffic Quality
» Handover success ratio
 Service KPI
» Call Setup delay
» Intra-system handover signaling interrupt delay
» Intra-system handover data interrupt delay
» SRVCC handover signaling interrupt delay
» SRVCC handover data interrupt delay
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Key Parameters
ID
description
default
MML
TtiBundlingSwitch
是否使能TTI bundling
Off
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH
LST CELLALGOSWITCH
TtiBundlingTriggerStrategy
该参数用于控制当上行调度开关UlSchSwitch中的TTI Bundling开关
SERVICE_VOIP(VoIP业务)
MOD CELLULSCHALGO
LST CELLULSCHALGO
N10_TTIB_ENTER(10)
MOD CELLULSCHALGO
LST CELLULSCHALGO
TtiBundlingSwitch打开时TTI Bundling的触发策略。
StatisticNumThdForTtibTrig
该参数表示UE满足TTI Bundling进入条件的信道质量统计次数门限。在
UE进入TTI Bundling前eNodeB对UE的信道质量进行统计，每次统计间隔
不小于20ms。
StatisticNumThdForTtibExit
含义: 该参数表示UE满足TTI Bundling退出条件的信道质量统计次数门限。
在UE退出TTI Bundling前eNodeB对UE的信道质量进行统计，每次统计间
隔不小于20ms。
N20_TTIB_EXIT(20)
MOD CELLULSCHALGO
LST CELLULSCHALGO
HystToExitTtiBundling
该参数表示TTI Bundling退出的SINR门限相对于进入的SINR门限的迟滞，
5
MOD CELLULSCHALGO
LST CELLULSCHALGO
可减少由于无线信号波动导致的TTI Bundling误退出。
TtiBundlingRlcMaxSegNum
该参数用于控制TTI Bundling模式下上行RLC分段控制特性的开启以及配
置上行最大RLC分段数。
4
MOD CELLULSCHALGO
LST CELLULSCHALGO
TtiBundlingHarqMaxTxNum
该参数表示TTI Bundling模式下上行HARQ的最大传输次数。
n16(16)
MOD CELLULSCHALGO
LST CELLULSCHALGO
RohcSwitch
是否使能ROHC。假如eNodeB支持VoIP可以将此开关置为ON
Off
MOD PDCPROHCPARA
LST PDCPROHCPARA
该参数表示eNodeB支持的压缩协议类型。
Profiles
Profile0x0001:开,
Profile0x0002:开
HighestMode
该参数表示ROHC的运行模式。
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MOD PDCPROHCPARA
LST PDCPROHCPARA
MOD PDCPROHCPARA
LST PDCPROHCPARA
Key Parameters
ID
SpsSchSwitch
description
在VoIP业务的通话期是否使能半静态调度
default
Off
MML
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH
LST CELLALGOSWITCH
PdschSpsPcSwitch
表示半静态调度时PDSCH的功控开关。假如这个开关关闭,在半静态调度
Off
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH
LST CELLALGOSWITCH
时，PDSCH的功率将均衡的分配。假如这个开关打开，在半静态调度时，
PDSCH将采用功控，保证QPSK调制的VoIP业务的通信质量（调整IBLER）
CloseLoopSpsSwitch
UlVoipRlcMaxSegNum
UlDelaySchStrategy
假如这个开关关闭,在半静态调度模式下PUSCH的闭环功控将不起作用。
假如这个开关打开， TPC 命令将基于初始接收数据包进行调整以降低
IBLER。
Off
该参数用于控制非TTI Bundling模式下VoIP业务上行RLC分段增强特性的
开启以及配置上行最大RLC分段数。
0
是否使能上行时延调度
NO_DELAYSCH
MOD CELLALGOSWITCH
LST CELLALGOSWITCH
MOD CellUlSchAlgo
LST CellUlSchAlgo
MOD CellUlSchAlgo
LST CellUlSchAlgo
UlVoLTEDataSizeEstSwitch
上行VoLTE动态调度数据量估算开关
MOD CellUlSchAlgo
Off
LST CellUlSchAlgo
UlEnhencedVoipSchSw
用于控制上行VoIP补偿调度优化功能是否生效。
MOD CellUlSchAlgo
Off
LST CellUlSchAlgo
UlCompenSchPeriodinSpurt
用于控制补偿调度通话期补偿周期
MOD CellUlSchAlgo
Adaptive
LST CellUlSchAlgo
UlCompenSchPeriodinSilence
用于控制补偿调度静默期补偿周期
MOD CellUlSchAlgo
160ms
LST CellUlSchAlgo
SinrAdjTargetIblerforVoLTE
语音用户SINR校正算法IBLER目标值
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25
MOD CellUlSchAlgo
LST CellUlSchAlgo
VQM

Target
Evaluation VoLTE quality for air performance；

Scenario
Using AMR for VoLTE; no IPSec deploy

Function
VQI:
VQI  A * PLR m  B * Delta  Const
» PLR: DL or UL packets loss every 2.5s
» Delta: delta adjust value for voice quality calculation
» A/B/m: VQI calculation coefficient
» Const: VQI calculation constant
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VQM
 Five levels:
Bad
VQI gate
<=VqiBadThd
Poor
Accept
Good
Excellent
(VqiBadThd, VqiPoorThd]
(VqiPoorThd, VqiGoodThd]
(VqiGoodThd, VqiExcellentThd]
>VqiExellentThd
 Monitor:
» M2000：User Performance Monitoring-> VQI Monitoring
» counter: VQI statistic
Name
L.Voice.VQI.UL.Excellent.Times
上行语音质量为Excellent所发生的次数
Description
L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.UL.Excellent.Times
AMR-WB业务上行语音质量为Excellent所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.UL.Good.Times
上行语音质量为Good所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.UL.Good.Times
AMR-WB业务上行语音质量为Good所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.UL.Accept.Times
上行语音质量为Accept所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.UL.Accept.Times
AMR-WB业务上行语音质量为Accept所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.UL.Poor.Times
上行语音质量为Poor所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.UL.Poor.Times
AMR-WB业务上行语音质量为Poor所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.UL.Bad.Times
上行语音质量为Bad所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.UL.Bad.Times
AMR-WB业务上行语音质量为Bad所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.DL.Excellent.Times
下行语音质量为Excellent所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.DL.Excellent.Times
AMR-WB业务下行语音质量为Excellent所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.DL.Good.Times
下行语音质量为Good所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.DL.Good.Times
AMR-WB业务下行语音质量为Good所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.DL.Accept.Times
下行语音质量为Accept所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.DL.Accept.Times
AMR-WB业务下行语音质量为Accept所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.DL.Poor.Times
下行语音质量为Poor所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.DL.Poor.Times
AMR-WB业务下行语音质量为Poor所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.DL.Bad.Times
下行语音质量为Bad所发生的次数
L.Voice.VQI.AMRWB.DL.Bad.Times
AMR-WB业务下行语音质量为Bad所发生的次数
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27
VQM
 Parameters
MO
参数ID
参数名
描述
ENODEBALGOS
WITCH
VQMAlgoSwitch
VQMAlgoSwitch
表示VQM 开关
当参数设置为ON, eNB 可以计算AMR VOIP 通话质量
VQMALGO
ULDelayJitter
ULDelayJitter
表示上行无线时延最大抖动
范围:1~255.
VQMALGO
VqiExcellentThd
VQI Excellent
Threshold
该参数用于设置语音质量为Excellent的VQI门限。当VQI评估值大于该门限，表示语音质量
为Excellent。
范围：0..5，step:0.01
VQMALGO
VQIGoodThd
VQI Good Threshold
该参数用于设置语音质量为Good的VQI门限。当VQI评估值大于Good门限，并且小于等于
Excellent门限，表示语音质量为Good；另外，当VQI评估值小于等于Good门限，并且大于
Poor门限，表示语音质量为Accept。
范围：0..5，step:0.01
VQMALGO
VqiPoorThd
VQI Poor Threshold
该参数用于设置语音质量Poor的VQI门限。当VQI评估值大于Bad门限，并且小于等于Poor
门限，表示语音质量为Poor；另外，当VQI评估值小于等于Good门限，并且大于Poor门限，
表示语音质量为Accept。
范围：0..5，step:0.01
VQMALGO
VqiBadThd
VQI Bad
Threshold
该参数用于设置语音质量Bad的VQI门限。当VQI评估值小于等于Bad门限，表示语音质量为
Bad。
范围：0..5，step:0.01
 MML

MOD ENODEBALGOSWITCH: VQMAlgoSwitch=VQM_ALGO_SWITCH_ON; //

MOD ENODEBALGOSWITCH: VQMAlgoSwitch=VQM_ALGO_SWITCH_OFF; //

MOD VQMALGO: ULDelayJitter=100;//

MOD VQMALGO:VQIExcellentThd = 400;//

MOD VQMALGO:VQIGoodThd = 360; ;//

MOD VQMALGO:VQIPoorThd = 310; ;//

MOD VQMALGO:VQIBadThd = 260; ;//
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