Science
Stage 8
Paper 1
2023
Cambridge Lower Secondary Progression Test
Mark Scheme
3145_01_MS_4RP
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3145/01
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
2023
General guidelines on marking
Many descriptive answers can be expressed in a variety of ways. Professional judgement can be
used in these cases, providing it matches the marking points and further information in the mark
scheme.
Answers may have words spelt incorrectly. Credit is normally given for phonetically correct
answers, unless the word has a scientifically different meaning. For example, where the answer
should be antennae, credit will be given for antena but not for anthen (too close to anther).
Only the science is being assessed, so answers do not need to be grammatically correct.
Significant figures will be indicated in the question or in the mark scheme.
Unless specified all marking points are independent.
Annotations and abbreviations
/ or
alternate responses for the same marking point
( ) brackets
the words or units in brackets do not need to be stated, for example, (recycles or
releases or provides) minerals = minerals scores the mark
underline
exact word is required
Accept
an acceptable response
Do not accept
indicates an incorrect response that would contradict another otherwise correct
alternative
Ignore
indicates an irrelevant answer that is not creditworthy. Full marks can still be
achieved even with answers that are ignored.
Note
provides extra information when necessary
ecf
error carried forward; marks are awarded if an incorrect response has been
carried forward from earlier working provided the subsequent working is correct
ora
or reverse argument; for example, as mass increases, volume increases could be
written as mass decreases, volume decreases
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Page 2 of 14
fights pathogens
digests food
white blood cell
plasma
Answer
carries carbon dioxide
red blood cell
(idea that) positive or charge or protons or nucleus and
negative charge on electrons
2(e)
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negative or minus or –ve
2(d)
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Rutherford
2(c)
(electrostatic) attraction
protons and neutrons
2(b)
transports oxygen
function
blood component
nucleus
Question
Answer
Marks
Marks
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
2(a)
1
Question
3145/01
Accept electrostatic attraction between protons
and electrons = 2 marks
2 each correct answer = 1 mark
1 Accept 1– or –1 or minus 1
1 Accept Bohr
1 both needed any order for the mark
Accept protons and neutrons
1 Ignore protons or neutrons
Further Information
if two lines from one blood component and one is
incorrect = 0 marks for that blood component
one or two correct = 1 mark
2 all three correct = 2 marks
Further Information
2023
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3
Question
3145/01
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(The mistake at F) the (reflected) ray of light is not straight
or the (reflected) ray of light bends or the (reflected) ray of
light curves.
(The mistake at D) there is refraction or the ray of light
escapes or the ray of light leaves the optical fibre.
(The mistake at B) the angle of incidence does not equal
the angle of reflection or the angles each side of the normal
are not equal or it does not obey the law of reflection.
Answer
Marks
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
Accept dotted line for normal
3 each correct answer = 1 mark
Further Information
2023
carbon dioxide or methane
4(c)
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cyclic or fluctuating (on a regular basis)
in years
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last ice
age
800 000 700 000 600 000 500 000 400 000 300 000 200 000 100 000
0
present
day
time since present day
average
temperature
in °C
Answer
Marks
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
4(b)
4(a)
Question
3145/01
Accept other greenhouse gases such as
sulfur (VI) fluoride or oxides of nitrogen or water
vapour
Do not accept CO or CO2
1 Accept CO2 or CH4
Accept goes up and down
1 Accept constantly changing
if more than one circle drawn and any are
incorrect = 0 marks
Accept circle drawn in the correct place on the
x-axis
Accept circle drawn in any one of the three areas
shown
1 Accept any indication of the correct answer, e.g.
tick or cross, but circle takes precedence
Further Information
2023
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6(b)
6(a)
any number greater than 0.04 for carbon dioxide and any
number lower than 21.00 for oxygen
5(b)
Question
carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveolus (air
sac)
5(a)(ii)
N
direction
magnetic field (lines)
S
Answer
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total for all gases breathed out adds to 100%
diffusion
Answer
Marks
Marks
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
5(a)(i)
Question
3145/01
Accept any indication of the correct answer, e.g.
ticking or underlining, but circling takes
precedence
1 more than one answer circled = 0 marks
Accept direction of magnetic field = 2 marks
2 each correct answer = 1 mark
Further Information
2 each correct answer = 1 mark
1 Accept lung(s) for alveolus (air sac)
Ignore absorption
1 Accept gas exchange
Further Information
2023
Question
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8
7(c)
7(b)
7(a)
Question
3145/01
Answer
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(idea that) so it lines up with the Earth’s magnetic field
the needle is magnetised/magnetic or the (steel) needle is
magnetic
red and blue
(idea that) these colours have more than one ‘dot’ in the
results
brown and purple
(paper) chromatography
Answer
Marks
Marks
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
2 each correct answer = 1 mark
Further Information
Accept any indication of the correct answer, e.g.
circling or underlining, but answer line takes
precedence
1 both needed any order for the mark
both needed any order for the mark
2 each correct answer = 1 mark
1
Further Information
2023
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9(b)
9(a)
Question
3145/01
analogy
(impure water) box contains
molecule
(pure water) box contains only
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and at least one other type of
molecules
Answer
Marks
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
Accept any indication of the correct answer, e.g.
ticking or underlining, but circling takes
precedence
1 more than one answer circled = 0 marks
Note for impure water, some of the molecules
must not be linked for the mark
Accept particle arrangement for solid, liquid or
gas
Accept particle arrangement for solid, liquid or
gas
2 each correct diagram = 1 mark
Further Information
2023
(idea that) one muscle straightens the arm and the other
bends the arm
Lily (no mark)
10(b)(ii)
10(c)
each correct explanation = 1 mark
Ignore breathing
more oxygen
more respiration (to provide energy)
2 Note if incorrect name given = 0 marks
Accept muscles can only contract or muscles
can only pull a bone
1 Accept one muscle contracts and the other
muscle relaxes
1
1
Further Information
Note if no name given = max 1 mark
Marks
and
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ball and socket
10(b)(i)
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banana
Answer
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
10(a)
Question
3145/01
2023
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11(b)(ii)
11(b)(i)
11(a)
Question
3145/01
4
4
2
6
5
4
8
2
12
(distance B
in cm)
1
10
2
force D
in N
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(idea that each row of) measurements have not been
repeated
and
no (no mark)
or
(idea that) the force x distance on each side of the ruler are
always equal
and
yes (no mark)
(force C
in N)
(distance A
in cm)
force multiplied by distance
Answer
Marks
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
1
Note rows can be in any row position in the table
one or two rows correct = 1 mark
all three rows correct = 2 marks
Do not accept units in the body of table
3 correct heading including unit in heading = 1 mark
1 Accept f x d or f x s
Further Information
2023
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12(b)
12(a)
Question
3145/01
(wind power) will not run out
(wind power) is renewable
solar power
vegetable oil
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fossil fuels
bioplastics
tidal power
non-renewable
renewable
Answer
Marks
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
Accept all countries have wind (power) available
and some countries do not have coal.
Accept no pollutants are produced during
electricity generation = 1 mark
Accept wind is ‘free’ = 1 mark
As extra marking points:
Accept it is a clean resource or it is a green
resource = 1 mark
Accept ora if coal is specified
Note assume answer refers to wind power unless
otherwise specified
2 each correct answer = 1 mark
Accept answers in any order in the correct
column
one correct = 0 marks
two, three or four correct = 1 mark
2 all five correct = 2 marks
Further Information
2023
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13(b)
13(a)
Question
3145/01
Page 12 of 14
lizards, birds and dragonflies eat poisoned insects and
poison concentrates in the quoll
or
bioaccumulation of toxin in quolls
because there are fewer lizards and small birds
(dragonflies) increase in number because there are more
insects
or
so the quolls eat more dragonflies
(dragonflies) decrease in number because the quolls have
less food to eat
Answer
Marks
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
1 Accept quoll eats many insects and poison
accumulates in quoll
each correct answer for increase = 1 mark
Accept quolls eat more insects so there is less
food for the dragonflies
or
Accept (dragonflies) decrease in numbers
because the quolls have fewer food sources to
eat
2 each correct answer for decrease = 1 mark
Further Information
2023
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14(b)
14(a)
Question
3145/01
fewer collisions (with surface)
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particles are moving slower or particles have less energy
does not let the students too close or uses a screen
does not spill water on the floor when filling the balloon
keeps fingers away from the balloon being pulled into the jar
does not touch the flame or fire or burning paper
any one from
Answer
Marks
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
2 each correct answer = 1 mark
Ignore wear an apron
1 Accept any appropriate safety precaution
Further Information
2023
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3145/01
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BLANK PAGE
Science Stage 8 Paper 1 Mark Scheme
2023