Neurology Dr. Shaf3y Pioneer neurology – Neurology Neurology neurology Neurology neurology basis anatomy Page | 1 basic diseases neurology functional anatomy Neurology Dr. Shaf3y CNS disease manifestations CNS anatomy Nervous tissue Central nervous tissue Peripheral nervous tissue central nervous tissue central central central ≪ skull brain central ≪ skull cerebellum ≪ vertebral column spinal cord Peripheral peripheral nervous tissue central nervous tissue two cerebral hemispheres two cerebral hemispheres Page | 2 communications decision brain brain Neurology Dr. Shaf3y two cerebral hemispheres Corpus Callosum Corpus Callosum two cerebral hemispheres gyri brain Corrugated sulci corrugated skull brain skull brain size of the brain and intelligence size of the brain and intelligence brain brain brain brain corrugated brain skull anyway brain gyri whitish matter brain cut section grayish matter brain Nerve cell gray matter axon whitish myelin sheath Page | 3 sulci axon Neurology Dr. Shaf3y grayish axons nerve cells white matter basal ganglion white matter gray matter basal ganglion collection of gray matter embedded in white matter gyri sulci nerve cell white matter sulci brain gyri sulci brain sulci recent brain print finger prints Person Iris eye print contact lens voice print larynx MRI Person gyri sulci 200 MRI Person closed Page | 4 MRI open MRI Neurology Dr. Shaf3y gryi sulci sulci sulci Lateral sulcus central sulcus parieto-occipital sulcus sulci Lobes brain frontal lobe parietal temporal occipital lateral, central and parieto-occipital sulci brain function Neurologists areas autopsy function Neurology hemiplegia autopsy damaged hemiplegia damaged Hemiplegia function Page | 5 damage brain area Neurology Dr. Shaf3y hemiplegia damaged frontal lobe damaged Miscommunications areas brain Area functions map areas ≪ brain functions area function area function Map brain function brain skull areas brain Movement of the hand Page | 6 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y eye movement brain functions experiments Memory Memory areas ‼‼ ‼ Intelligence emotions areas frontal lobe damage autopsy amnesia amnesia temporal damage is a diffuse area ≪ Memory ≪ Which means It is not localized areas Loss of function involuntary function function ≪ damaged area ≪ irritated area area loss of function ≪ Damage involuntary function ≪ Irritation frontal lobe area Page | 7 areas frontal lobe area 4 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y Precentral gyrus Area central sulcus Precentral gyrus Area 4 motor power Opposite half of the body Motor power In the opposite half of the body area area area 4 presented body Upside down area face Muscles lower limbs upper limb damage Loss of function upper limb area Monoplegia lower limb Monoplegia area Page | 8 damage Hemiplegia Neurology Dr. Shaf3y Loss of function Irritation tumor irritation Involuntary function involuntary area 4 involuntary Irritation tumor involuntary irritation involuntary tumor irritation tumor Involuntary movement irritation tumor extend irritation excitation wave tumor Motor Jacksonian fits descending Motor Jacksonian fits ascending excitation area opposite side of the body Motor power ≪ damage monoplegia ≪ localized damage hemiplegia ≪ diffuse damage Page | 9 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y ≪ irritation involuntary movement Which might be focal Jacksonian Jacksonian ascending descending area Area 4 area 6 area 4 Area 6 function area 4 It helps area 4 Origin of extra pyramidal system opposite side of the body tone Most accepted inhibition tone tone inhibition area Inhibition damage Opposite half of the body Hypertonia area 6 damage opposite side Hypertonia Damage of area 6 Babinski Page | 10 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y Positive Babinski Dorsi flexion of big toe full stop Dorsi flexion of big toe ≪ Positive Babinski With or without fanning dorsi flexion with fanning area 6 area fanning of the toes On eliciting Babinski dorsi flexion fanning + dorsi flexion ≪ ≪ area area area 6 damage irritation Opposite side of the body hypertonia fanning when eliciting Babinski area conjugate eye movement to the opposite side Page | 11 damage damage area 4 and 6 Area 8 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y conjugate eye movement to the opposite side area 8 damage damage The eye is looking toward the lesion area 8 irritation involuntary deviate to the opposite side deviation of the eye to the opposite side Opposite side Opposite side damage Area 8 area 8 area 8 area 8 deviate The patient is looking to his lesion damage area 8 The patient will be looking to the side of the lesion Page | 12 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y irritation ≪ area 8 deviated to the opposite side involuntary irritation function involuntary Opposite side opposite side involuntary function ≪ area 8 same side of the lesion Opposite side of the lesion involuntary Lesion irritation irritation damage area 4 area 8 damage area 4 and area 8 hemiplegia area 4 same side of the lesion away from the hemiplegic limb damage damage irritation irritation involuntary to the opposite side of the lesion Page | 13 damage area 4 and area 8 Area 8 irritation Neurology Dr. Shaf3y ≪ irritation for area 4 motor Jacksonian fits Opposite side of the lesion to the side of Jacksonian fits patient The patient is amazed damage irritation ‼‼ During the attack irritation involuntary attack convulsions area pre-frontal area Personality mentality Area area behavior manifestations amnesia disinterest in people and surroundings anti social behavior Loss of personal hygiene with childish behavior disinterest in persons and surroundings amnesia And loss of personal hygiene Loss of personal hygiene Urinate defecate Page | 14 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y social hygiene primitive reflexes reappearance 6 3 Moro area Primitive reflexes reflexes suckling reflex grasping reflex reflexes pre-frontal area Pre frontal area reappearance of primitive reflex grasping reflex 25 grasping reflex Is a reflex groping D Moro pre frontal area functions areas Neurology frontal lobe Page | 15 frontal lobe infarction infarction Loss of function Neurology Dr. Shaf3y hemiplegia ≪ area 4 hypertonia and fanning ≪ Area 6 paralysis of conjugate eye movement to the opposite side ≪ area 8 mentality, personality, behavior changes ≪ Pre frontal area frontal lobe focus epilepsy epilepsy Involuntary movement Motor Jacksonian fits ≪ Area 6 ≪ Area 8 irritation conjugate eye movement to the opposite side irritation ≪ Pre frontal area tumor damage irritation tumor brain Meningitis areas brain tumors sub arachnoid hemorrhage blood supply of the brain anatomy neurology frontal lobe areas frontal lobe Area 44 females Page | 16 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y females female ≪ area 44 speech ≪ area 44 female frontal lobe occupying the whole frontal lobe Area 44 expressive aphasia Area 44 Expressive aphasia area 44 Larynx paralysis conscious area 44 spoken words sounds expressive aphasia Page | 17 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y Area 45 area 44 Area 45 writing female female female No way Page | 18 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y writing ≪ speech ≪ Area 45 Area 44 females ≪ Area 44 Males ≪ Area 45 damage writing agraphia area 45 damage He is conscious, alert, everything is good agraphia area 45 A Graphia Agraphia Lesion parietal lobe parietal lobe area 1, 2 and 3 parietal lobe mirror image frontal frontal lobe mirror image ≪ parietal lobe Area 4 Page | 19 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y Motor Presented upside down ≪ body Area 1, 2 and 3 Sensory presented upside down ≪ body area 4 damage hemiplegia area 1, 2 and 3 damage hemianathesia area 4 irritation Motor Jacksonian fits area 1, 2 and 3 irritation Sensory Jacksonian fits Sensory Jacksonian fits numbness tingling irritation parietal lobe irritation frontal lobe Motor ≪ area 4 sensory ≪ area 1, 2 and 3 Area 44 Speech Area 45 Writing parietal lobe reading Area 39 Mirror image reading Page | 20 ≪ Area 39 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y ≪ damage ‼‼ Alexandria ≪ Alex ≪ area 39 ≪ Damage Alexia damage Alexia Alexia ≪ Alexia the same language damage Area 39 Alexia area ≪ parietal lobe area 37 coordination two cerebral hemispheres Page | 21 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y coordination two cerebral hemispheres coordination area 37 area 37 paralysis tremors hemisphere apraxia failure of coordination two cerebral hemispheres Movement spoken words Coordination coordination cerebral hemisphere cerebral hemisphere two cerebral hemisphere Page | 22 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y area 37 coordination decision area 37 Word Salad word salad area 37 Language speech word salad word salad Not present in the language situation word salad Jargon aphasia Motor apraxia temporal lobe temporal lobe hippocampus uncus uncus smell Uncus uncus uncus Page | 23 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y uncus damage is bilaterally represented ≪ smell uncus irritation Olfactory hallucination temporal lobe Uncus focus epilepsy irritation attack of convulsions convulsions epilepsy temporal lobe focus brain excitation temporal lobe attack of convulsion aura attack manifestations Uncus ≪ uncinate fits 42 41 hearing area ≪ Area 41 and 42 Page | 24 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y ≪ Area 41 and 42 ≪ damage loss of hearing irritation auditory hallucination comment on his act comment on his act psychiatry Organic causes of schizophrenia temporal lobe tumors ‼‼ psychiatry organic ≪ lesion irritation comment on his acts ≪ Schizophrenia tumor in temporal lobe auditory hallucination area area 22 ≪ Area 22 ≪ Area 22 area 41 and 42 ≪ ≪ area 22 damaged ≪ area 22 Page | 25 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y auditory agnosia ≪ ≪ sounds Area 22 What we call auditory agnosia Occipital lobe Area 17, 18 and 19 ≪ Area 17 ≪ Area 18 ≪ Area 19 area 18 Page | 26 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y area 18 area 17 area 19 18 18 very, very intelligent ≪ very intelligent extremely intelligent ≪ brain damage MBC 3 Page | 27 Neurology Dr. Shaf3y Mentally retarded ≪ Area 17 ≪ Area 18 ≪ Area 19 area 22 area 41 and 42 area 18 area 22 coordination area area 41 and 42 area 37 ≪ Area 22 area 18 Area 17, 18 and 19 contra lateral homonymous hemianopia visual agnosia Unformed Page | 28 irritation visual hallucination formed Neurology Dr. Shaf3y ≪ Unformed ≪ Formed areas No Neurology Neurology pathway of motor system Neurology 2014 14 56 www.facebook.com/dr.tafreegh Page | 29
