LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
BIOLOGY - ORDINARY LEVEL SAMPLE PAPER
MARKING SCHEME
This marking scheme is the work of practicing teachers – and is a suggested solution to the paper.
1.
4(5)
(a)
Ear
(b)
Liver
(c)
Stoma (Stomata)
(d)
Ligaments
(e)
Omnivore
2.
5(4)
Rods (Bacillus)
Spheres (Cocci)
Binary fission
Spores (Endospores)
Disease causing
3.
5(4)
Cell membrane
Lipid
Vacuole
Sap
Mutation
Variation
Organ
Liver
Gamete
Haploid
4.
13
April / May / June
There is plenty of food/ it is warmer
Lack of food / predation / temperature / decrease
Any two
3
3(3)
3
3+2
5.
(a)
(b)
Vitamin: A or D or K
3
Source: liver/ milk/ green vegetables
3
Disease: Night blindness or rickets (osteomalacia) or reduced
clotting of blood
4
Minerals: Calcium and Iron
Calcium – for strong bones and teeth or blood clotting
OR
Any one
Iron – for red blood cells or to make haemoglobin
6.
2(3)
4
5(4)
Six
Two
Three
7.
(a)
(b)
1.
Reproduction
2.
Growth / Repair
(i)
A biological/ organic/ protein catalyst
3
(ii)
Substrate
3
Catalase or amylase (must match substrate)
3
Hydrogen peroxide or starch (must match enzyme used)
3
Diagram of set up
Labels: water bath(s)/ test tubes/ solutions/
6,3,0
3(1)
Water baths/ at different temperatures/ thermostat
3
Volumes of foam/ per minute/ disappearance of blue colour/ per
minute
3
8.
(a)
(b)
(i)
Named ecosystem
(ii)
Matching three plants
% frequency or % cover. Named plant
Position quadrat / at random / number of times / count plants / estimate
cover / result / number per area / % frequency / % cover
Any four
3
3(1)
3
4(3)
Results presented in words or a diagram or a graph or a table
Source of error: Lack of randomness/ insufficient quadrats/ species
identification/ carelessness/ human error/ unsuitable equipment.
9.
(a)
The growth of a seed/ sprouting/ re growth of the embryo plant
Moisture (water) / warmth ( correct temperature) / oxygen
(b)
Seed type: mustard/ cress/ radish/ peas
Diagram: 4 dishes/ tubes. A- minus water/ B minus oxygen/ C with every
thing/ D – minus correct temperature.
Labels to match diagrams. ( title may be considered a label)
Set up apparatus as in sketch / placed A, B and C in incubator at 20 °C /
place D in fridge / for 2-3 days
A, B, D – no germination
C – germination
3
3(1)
3
6,3,0
3
3(3)
3
3
10.
(a)
(b)
(c)
11.
(a)
(i)
72 beats per minute ( allow 5 either side)
3
(ii)
Decrease: sleep / rest / cold / drugs
Any one
Increase: exercise / excitement / drugs
Any one
3
3
(i)
A- ventricle, B- bicuspid valve, C- atrium, D – aorta, E- pulmonary artery,
F – vena cava
(ii)
The lungs
3
(iii)
To prevent backflow (of blood)/ from ventricle to atrium
3
(iv)
Coronary ( cardiac)
3
(i)
Plasma
3
(ii)
Glucose / amino acids / vitamins / urea / hormones
Any two
2(3)
(iii)
To transport substances / act as a medium
Any one
3
(iv)
RBC- transport oxygen
Any one
WBC- defence against disease / produce antibodies / engulf bacteria
Any one
3
(v)
ABO and Rhesus systems
(i)
Examining DNA / for a pattern or band / to compare
(ii)
Forensic / paternity case s/ medical or examples
6(3)
3
2(3)
3
2(3)
(b)
Gametes
X
X
(c)
X
XX
XX
Y
XY
XY
Gametes: X and X or Y
Genotypes: XX and XY ( 50% chance of either)
3(4)
2(6)
(i)
Change / producing new organisms / example
6+3
(ii)
organisms have variations / that are inherited / beneficial / will reproduce
/ struggle for existence / pass on these variation s/ ‘survival / of fittest’ /
origin of species
Any four
Fossils / comparative anatomy / embryos / DNA changes / horse / bones
Any two
4(3)
(iii)
2(3)
12.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(i)
A group of similar cells
(ii)
Xylem and Phloem
2(3)
(i)
A, B and C correctly marked on the diagram
3(3)
(ii)
Absorption of water (and minerals) / anchorage / food storage / asexual
reproduction
3(3)
(iii)
Radicle
3
(iv)
At the tip
3
(i)
A seed leaf / embryonic leaf
3
(ii)
Daffodil / onion / any correct
3
(iii)
Daisy / dandelion / buttercup / any correct
3
3
(iv)
Distribution of veins
in leaf
Leaf shape
Distribution of
vascular bundles in
stem
Monocotyledon
Dicotyledon
parallel
Netted / reticulate
Strap
broad
No definite pattern
Definite pattern
6(3)
13.
(a)
(b)
(i)
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
2(3)
(ii)
Mitochondria
3
(i)
To show that it is the mouse that releases the carbon dioxide
3
(ii)
Lime water in 2 proves that any carbon dioxide in the incoming air
has been removed.
Lime water in 3 proves that it is the mouse that releases the CO2
To act as a comparison/ a standard against which to compare.
The same set up but with no mouse ( organism)
No.
Photosynthesis by the plant would use up the CO2 that the plant
produces in respiration
(iii)
(iv)
(c)
3
3
6
3
3
3
(i)
To remove the oxygen
6
(ii)
To keep the system anaerobic/ to stop oxygen getting in
6
(iii)
No.
The control would be the set up without the yeast. It is the yeast that
is respiring.
3
Baking / brewing
2(3)
(iv)
6
14.
14.
14.
14.
Any two of (a), (b), (c)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(30, 30)
(i)
Nitrogen Cycle
(ii)
Any named herbivore and carnivore related to an Irish ecosystem
(iii)
Proteins / nucleic acids / enzymes
6
(iv)
Denitrification / death and decay / decomposition
3
(v)
Nitrogen fixation
3
(vi)
Bacteria / Rhizobia
3
(vii)
To prevent washing excess nitrates into rivers and streams /causing
pollution
3
(i)
The sun
3
(ii)
Photosynthesis
3
(iii)
Chlorophyll
3
(iv)
(v)
Name of ecosystem
A – ( plant), B ( herbivore), C ( carnivore)
B.
Because the energy decreases / is lost as you move up through a
food chain
(vi)
Food web (must include A, B, C above)
(i)
Addition of harmful substance to the environment/ undesirable
change
Any Example: release of toxic gases from manufacturing.
One Control: legislation / filters
1. Bad odours / disease / unsightly / production of toxic chemicals /
run off
2. Waste management: safe disposal of waste / reduce / reuse /
recycle / example of waste / how managed / role of micro-organisms
(ii)
(iii)
6
2(3)
3
3(3)
3
3
3
6
3
3
3
3
(iv)
Protection / preservation / wise management of the environment
6
(v)
Conservation practice: net mesh size in fishing industry to allow
young fish escape to breed
6
15.
15.
Any two of (a), (b), (c)
(a)
(30, 30)
(i)
A – cortex, B- medulla ( pyramid), C – pelvis, D – ureter
(ii)
Bladder
3
(iii)
In the cortex. ( A)/ nephron/ glomerulus/ Bowman’s capsule
3
(iv)
Glucose/ amino acids/ vitamins/ red blood cells/ white blood cells
4(3)
2(3)
Any two
15.
(b)
(v)
Put on a dialysis ( kidney) machine
3
(vi)
Lungs / skin / liver
Any one
3
(i)
Fungi
3
(ii)
A- hypha ( stolon), B – rhizoid, C – sporangium
(iii)
Anchorage / absorption
Any one
Asexual reproduction / production of spores / storage of spores
Any one
Name: Mushrooms/ TrufflesBenefit: for food/ fungi of decay – to decompose and recycle
nutrients
Name: Destroying Angel/ Death Cap –
Harm: Is a poisonous fungus
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
15.
(c)
(i)
3(3)
A – petal,
B – anther,
C – sepal,
D – carpel
3
3
3
3
3
3
4(3)
(ii)
C – protection / photosynthesis
(iii)
The anther / stamen
3
(iv)
The carpel / ovary / ovule
3
(v)
The ovary / ovary wall
3
(vi)
By insects / animals.
The nectar is a ‘reward’ for the insect visiting the flower and at the
same time transfers pollen
3
Any one
3
3