“
”
“
”
6.050101 “
___
– 2015
”
”
_____________ .
:
“
”
.:
” /
“
:
.,
.,
.,
. .
”, 2015. – 80 .
.,
.,
.
:
:
,
.,
. .,
. .,
.,
.,
.
.
.-
2
.,
.
. .
6.050101
. –
,
1.
........................... 4
2.
Microsoft
Windows 7 ............................................................................................................... 14
3.
TCP/IP ........................................................................................................... 23
4.
Linux
Ubuntu ..................................................................................................................... 30
5.
NetCracker Professional ............ 36
6.
NetCracker Professional....................................................................... 45
7.
NetCracker Professional....................................................................... 57
8.
Cisco Packet
Tracer....................................................................................................................... 59
9.
Cisco Packet
Tracer....................................................................................................................... 70
10.
Cisco Packet
Tracer....................................................................................................................... 75
................................................................................ 80
3
1.
:
,
.
TCP/IP
IP,
.
,
.
IP-
(Internet Protocol address – IP-address) –
)
,
,
TCP/IP (
,
).
IPv4
(
IPv4.
v4 IP). IP-
8
32
IPv6,
,
(binary)
,
(dotted decimal notation).
0
,
255
, 192.168.5.31.
,
(
. 1.1).
1.1.
A
1.0.0.0
126.0.0.0
B
C
128.0.0.0
192.0.0.0
191.255.0.0
223.255.255.0
D
224.0.0.0
239.255.255.255
240.0.0.0
254.255.255.255
)
E
127.0.0.0 (
,
(
)
)
TCP/IP
;
,
.
4
. IP-
224
(
D
E)
.
255
0
,
.
“
”,
,
,
.
.
,
,
–
172.31.0.0,
:
–
172.16.0.0–
192.168.0.0–192.168.255.0.
–
,
( . 1.1).
,
, –
10.0.0.0,
–
,
,
,
.
. 1.1.
(network mask)
,
IP-
,
.
–
328
(
(
) IP-
–
,
),
)
IP-
,
.
(
,
.
.
1.2
,
,
.
1.2.
28 -2=254
216-2=65534
224-2=16777214
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
B
C
224-2=16777214
216-2=65534
28 -2=254
:
;
;
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
192.168.5.35
255.255.255.0,
5
192.168.5.0,
8
(
)
.
,
,
.
(broadcast address)
,
IP,
,
255.255.255.0,
.
(
,
255.255.255.0),
OR
0.0.0.255 IP.
128.253.154.32,
–
128.253.154.255.
. 2.1,
,
.
IP,
.
.
IP;
.
.
,
.
.
.
:
(
, Ethernet,
Token Ring);
,
,
,
,
,
;
,
.
(
AND)
:
> = <IP-
,
&
32-
.
2000
.
,
254
65534
2000
,
63534
,
,
.
CIDR.
,
,
.
6
.
.
,
CIDR
,
>
CIDR
“
”,
(/).
“/24”
,
CIDR
24
,
,
: 192.168.1.0/24.
–
.
.
1.1.
:
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252
126
62
30
14
6
2
2
4
8
16
32
64
: N
2n
2,
.
(11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000)
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000)
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000)
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000)
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11111000)
(11111111.11111111.11111111.11111100)
n –
,
2
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
:
1.
2.
.
AND
IP-
.
3.
4.
.
.
,
–
,
.
1.2.
,
26.218.102.31,
A B
.
: 26.219.123.6
255.192.0.0.
:
:
IP:
26.219.123.6
:
00011010.11011011.01111011.00000110
:
255.192.0.0
AND(2)
AND(10)
11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000
00011010.11000000.00000000.00000000
26
192
0
0
7
-
:
:
:
IP:
26.218.102.31
00011010.11011010.01100110.00011111
:
11111111.11000000.00000000.00000000
255.192.0.0
AND(2)
00011010.11000000.00000000.00000000
26
AND(10)
192
0
0
,
AND (
.
,
.
26.192.0.0),
,
IP1.
:
IP,
.
2.
3.
,
–
.
.
1.3.
172.16.65.1 – 172.16.181.254.
,
1)
IP-
,
:
10101100.00010000.00110110.00000001
172.16.65.1
:
10101100.00010000.01000001.11111110
172.16.181.254
2)
:
:
:
11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000
3)
:
255.255.128.0
:
,
172.16.181.254
,
255.255.128.0.
IP-
172.16.65.1 –
IP,
:
.
1.
2.
,
,
;
;
,
.
3.
2 ,
,
.
,
2 – 2.
8
,
4.
IP-
,
IP-
),
,
,
.
.
5.
IP-
,
),
IP,
,
.
.
1.4.
,
26.219.128.0,
– 255.255.192.0.
,
1)
:
00011010.11011011.10000000.00000000
:
11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000
26.219.128.0
255.255.192.0
K = 14.
2)
3)
:
:
:
: 214 – 2 = 16382.
:
00011010.11011011.10000000.00000001
26.219.128.1
11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000
255.255.192.0
4)
:
:
:
,
00011010.11011011.10111111.11111110
26.219.191.254
11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000
255.255.192.0
26.219.128.0
16382,
255.255.192.0
– 26.219.128.1 –
26.219.191.254.
IP,
:
1.
2.
(2 – 2).
(
.
,
,
N –
2
2N,
.
,
,
.
3.
4.
)
.
,
.
9
5.
,
,
.
.
,
.
: 212.100.54.0/24.
1.5.
,
,
50.
1)
.
,
24
8
,
,
2)
255.255.255.0,
28 – 2 = 254
,
;
.
,
2(
50).
2,
50:
2 = 32, |50-32|=18;
26 = 64, |50-64|=14.
,
,
5
26 = 64.
,
,
:
6
50 < (2 = 64)
,
26 .
3)
254 : 64 = 4.
4
4)
254.
,
6
),
2
–
24
:
.
.
26
,
11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000,
:
255.255.255.192.
64.
1) 212.100.54.0 – 212.100.54.63;
2) 212.100.54.64 – 212.100.54.127;
,
.
1.
2.
,
:
3) 212.100.54.128 – 212.100.54.191;
4) 212.100.54.192 – 212.100.54.255.
255.255.255.192, 64
A B
.
.
3.
4.
,
IP.
.
10
,
.
4
1
1
2
3
4
119.38.0.1
– 192.210.10.0/24
119.38.255.254
70
IP:
192.168.1.0,
:
94.235.16.59;
IP-
:
255.255.255.0
:
94.235.23.240;
:
2
255.255.240.0.
IP:
131.189.15.6;
IP:
131.173.216.56;
75.96.0.1
– 193.115.2.0/24
75.103.255.254
30
:
110.56.0.0,
:
255.248.0.0
:
3
255.248.0.0.
IP-
48.192.0.1
– 194.78.120.0/24
48.255.255.254
100
:
88.217.0.0,
:
215.125.159.36;
IP:
215.125.153.56;
:
255.255.128.0
:
4
255.255.224.0.
IP:
47.154.1.71;
IP:
47.154.13.240;
19.83.0.1
19.83.255.254
:
195.5.5.0,
– 200.57.127.0/24
20
:
255.255.255.192
:
5
255.255.248.0.
IP:
145.19.10.16;
IP:
145.73.112.36;
16.46.0.1
16.53.255.254
:
53.109.0.0,
– 197.20.55.0/24
250
:
255.224.0.0
:
6
255.252.0.0.
IP:
192.168.72.236;
IP:
84.192.0.1
– 198.37.61.0/24
84.224.255.254
33
:
55.115.0.0,
:
11
1
192.168.253.14;
2
255.255.255.0
3
4
:
7
255.255.192.0.
IP:
14.74.19.171;
IP:
14.74.10.24;
39.94.0.1
39.94.255.254
:
199.99.11.0,
– 199.42.111.0/24
80
:
255.255.255.224
:
8
255.255.224.0.
IP:
161.119.210.61;
IP:
161.178.12.136;
25.36.0.1
– 200.192.91.0/24
25.113.255.254
61
:
10.81.0.0,
:
255.252.0.0
:
9
255.254.0.0.
IP-
54.192.0.1
– 201.168.72.0/24
54.240.255.254
25
:
71.127.0.0,
:
198.225.19.145;
IP:
198.225.13.12;
:
255.255.192.0
:
10
255.255.240.0.
IP:
27.90.66.123;
IP:
27.90.88.211;
95.8.0.1
95.8.255.254
:
203.18.10.0,
– 202.151.168.0/24
15
:
255.255.192.0
:
11
255.255.192.0.
IP:
172.16.92.5;
IP:
172.207.73.209;
65.16.0.1
65.96.255.254
:
61.93.0.0,
– 203.134.83.0/24
94
:
255.254.0.0
:
12
255.240.0.0.
IP:
211.5.63.42;
61.192.0.1
– 204.127.98.0/24
61.248.255.254
42
:
16.94.0.0,
12
1
2
3
4
IP:
:
255.255.224.0
211.5.98.73;
:
13
255.255.248.0.
IP:
11.12.93.68;
IP:
11.12.240.51;
122.156.0.1
– 205.73.16.0/24
122.156.255.254
47
:
220.145.74.0,
:
255.255.224.0
:
14
255.255.252.0.
IP:
128.111.34.78;
IP:
128.222.86.132;
11.12.0.1
11.74.255.254
:
125.156.0.0,
– 206.192.119.0/24
49
:
255.240.0.0
:
15
255.224.0.0.
IP-
12.192.0.1
– 207.54.189.0/24
12.252.255.254
97
:
:
223.255.36.57;
IP:
223.192.81.155;
37.59.0.0,
:
255.255.248.0
:
255.255.252.0.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
.
?
?
?
“
”.
CIDR?
?
13
2.
Microsoft Windows 7
:
.
,
.
.
(
)
Windows 7
.
Windows 7
,
(I/O).
IRQ,
–
.
(Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol – TCP/IP) –
.
Windows 7
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
IPTCP/IP v.4
,
,
.
.
.
TCP/IP v.4 IP-
v.6.
,
.
,
–
.
,
IP-
,
.
IP,
.
,
IP-
(
)
.
TCP/IP v.4
TCP/IP v.6 –
255.x.y.z,
.
,
,
z–
0
(gateway address) –
,
”
.
14
255;
,
TCP/IP v.4
, 255.255.255.0.
,
,
,
IP-
.
,
IP128.253.154.1.
(gateway) –
128.253.154.32,
.
,
,
.
“
”.
,
.
(Name server – NS) –
,
IP-
,
,
,
IP-
,
.
IP-
.
(Domain Name System – DNS)
,
, PC-01,
.
192.168.54.118).
DNS
(Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol – DHCP).
IP,
IP-
,
.
.
DHCP
DHCP
,
IP.
:
,
(
;
),
;
(
DNS-
(
,
,
)).
Microsoft Windows 7.
:
.
,
. 2.1).
15
(
)
. 2.1.
(
. 2.2),
.
.
. 2.3.
. 2.2.
:
,
. 2.3)
.
16
,
.
Microsoft
Windows 7.
:
(
. 2.4),
.
. 2.5),
.
. 2.4.
.
( . 2.6)
“Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)”
.
TCP/IPv4 (
,
“
”
“
DNS”,
.
“
”,
.
.
“
DNS”
–
( . 2.7 ).
,
–
.
17
. 2.7 ).
-
DNS-
. 2.5.
. 2.6.
)
)
TCP/IPv4:
. 2.7.
)
; )
,
(
).
(
. 2.8).
,
.
.
18
. 2.8.
. 2.9.
,
(
,
. 2.6)
–
.
,
(
,
. 2.6)
.
(
. 2.9).
:
1.
(
. 2.4),
.
2.
:
. 4),
.
TCP/IP–
,
.
TCP/IP-
ipconfig
(
ping.
ipconfig
. 2.10).
ipconfig:
ipconfig [/all] [/renew [
]] [/release [
/flushdns]
[/displaydns]
[/registerdns]
] [/setclassid
[
]]
19
]]
[/showclassid
2.1.
ipconfig
/all
–
TCP/IP
;
/renew [
]
–
DHCP
;
/release [
]
–
DHCP
;
/flushdns
–
DNS–
DNS–
/displaydns
/registerdns
;
;
,
DNS
,
.
ipconfig
1.
2.
,
:
cmd
.
ipconfig
Enter.
. 2.10.
ipconfig
ipconfig
.
(
. 2.1),
IP-
:
,
;
20
IPDNS-
;
,
.
ping
,
. 2.11).
(
ping:
ping [-t] [-a] [-n
] [-l
[-v TOS] [-r
] [-s
]] [-w
ping
] [-f] [] [[-j
TTL]
] | [-k
]
. 2.2.
2.2.
ping
-t
;
-a
-n
-l
-f
;
,
;
;
,
;
TTL
-v TOS
-r
-s
-j
-k
-w
(
(
"Time To Live");
"Type Service");
;
;
;
;
.
<Ctrl>+<Break>,
–
<Ctrl>+<C>.
. 2.11.
Ping
21
1.
2.
.
:
,
).
3.
TCP/IPv4,
:
,
192.168.YYY.11,
,
YYY –
255.255.255.0.
4.
5.
.
,
(192.168.YYY.ZZZ,
YYY –
, ZZZ=12,13
,
,
),
(255.255.255.0).
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
,
“
“
.
”?
”
?
“
”?
DNS?
DHCP?
,
?
,
?
8.
Windows 7
?
9.
10.
TCP/IP-
22
?
Windows 7?
3.
TCP/IP
:
TCP/IP,
,
,
.
TCP/IP
UNIX,
.
,
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
,
Windows
Windows\System32\Drivers\etc.
:
Hosts.
Services.
Networks.
Protocol.
Hosts
IP-
.
,
<IP-
:
>
<
>
Services
,
,
.
<service name>
service
protocol –
name –
.
Networks
IP.
<network name>
[aliases...]
[#<comment>]
, port number –
(tcp
udp), aliases –
.
,
[aliases...]
[#<comment>]
, network number – IP-
,
.
Protocol
.
<protocol name>
protocol
,
:
<network number>
name –
network
aliases –
:
<port number>/<protocol>
:
<assigned number>
name –
[aliases...]
, assigned
, aliases –
,
[#<comment>]
number –
.
Microsoft Windows
.
Netsh
,
,
,
.
23
Netsh
TCP/IP (
IP
,
,
DNS
WINS),
.
netsh interface ip
,
:
set address
;
add address
;
delete
address
;
DNS
set dns
;
DNS
;
add dns
DNS
DNS
delete dns
.
set address.
:
netsh interface ip set address [name =]
[source =] (dhcp | static [addr =] IP[mask =]
[gateway =] (none |
[[gwmetric =]
]))
set address:
=] –
[name
.
,
.
IP,
».
,
(
"
[source =] (dhcp | –
static [addr =] IP[mask
=]
.
,
DHCP
.
,
[gateway =] (none |
");
IPIP-
IP,
[[gwmetric
IP-
=]
]))
.
,
,
,
(
),
.
,
IP24
,
,
.
,
,
IP10.0.5.1,
255.255.255.0
netsh
interface ip set
"
source=static
gateway=10.0.5.1 gwmetric
IP-
Arp
MAC-
10.0.5.99,
:
address name="
addr=10.0.5.99
,
mask=255.255.255.0
ARP.
:
arp -a [inet_addr] [-N [if_addr]]
arp -d inet_addr [if_addr]
arp -s inet_addr ether_addr [if_addr]
Arp:
-a
ARP.
inet_addr
-N
IP;
inet_addr,
;
IP-
,
if_addr;
if_addr
-d
IP-
;
,
inet_addr;
-s
,
IPether_addr. MAC-
MAC;
MAC-
ether_addr
inet_addr
.
Tracert
,
ICMP-
TTL.
:
tracert [-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j computer-list]
[-w timeout] target_name
Tracert:
-d
-h
maximum_hops
-j
computerlist
DNS;
;
(
);
-w timeout
;
25
,
target_name
.
Netstat
.
TCP
:
netstat [-a] [-e] [-n] [-s] [-p protocol] [-r] [interval]
Netstat:
-a
-e
-n
;
Ethernet;
;
-s
-p protocol
;
;
-r
interval
;
interval
,
– <CTRL>+<B>.
.
Hostname
.
:
hostname
Route
:
.
route [-f] [-p] [command [destination] [mask subnetmask]
[gateway][metric costmetric]]
Route:
-f
.
,
;
-p
add –
.
print –
;
command
:
print
add
delete
change
–
–
–
–
destination
subnetmask
;
;
;
;
,
;
subnetmask
255.255.255.255;
.
,
gateway
costmetric
IP-
;
(
1
.
26
9999)
net use
.
.
:
net use [{
| *}]
[\\
\
[\
]] [{
| *}]]
[/user:[
\]]
[/user:[
\]
]
[/user:[
@
]
[/savecred] [/smartcard] [{/delete | /persistent:{yes | no}}]
net use:
.
:
(
D
Z)
LPT3:).
LPT1:
(*)
;
\\
\
.
,
(
"\\Computer Name\Share Name").
15
,
;
,
.
(*)
;
/user
;
.
,
-
,
;
;
/persistent:{yes | no}
yes,
,
27
no –
.
net use:
1.
:
net use
2.
:
Music
,
Nemo,:
net use m: \\nemo\music
3.
D:
lp
Student
,
Data
Nemo:
net use d: \\nemo\data /user:lp\Student
:
net use d: \\nemo\data /user:Student@lp
4.
,
M::
net use m: /delete
1.
,
POP, telnet, HTTP, HTTPS.
Hosts, Services, Networks, Protocol
FTP, FTP-data, SMTP,
2.
3.
.
:
3.1.
192.168.YYY.XXX
255.255.255.0,
YYY –
, XXX –
DNS-
3.2.
.
5.5.NNN.YYY,
YYY –
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
3.7.
4.
5.
192.168.NNN.KKK,
NNN=YYY*2,
.
NNN=YYY*2,
KKK = YYY*2, YYY –
.
,
.3.1.
DNS192.168.NNN.1,
NNN=YYY*2,
YYY –
.
192.168.NNN.1,
NNN=YYY*2, YYY –
.
DNS,
.3.2.
arp
.
,
).
6.
.
7.
8.
.
.
28
9.
net use
.
,
.
10.
V:,
11.
,
.
,
1.
2.
3.
4.
. 10.
?
Hosts?
?
IP?
5.
,
?
6.
IPMAC-
7.
8.
?
Tracert?
TCP
?
9.
10.
11.
12.
?
?
?
?
29
4.
Linux Ubuntu
:
Linux
.
Linux
TCP/IP.
TCP/IP
.
Linux
Ethernet
),
(
)
,
TCP/IP.
Linux
,
TCP/IP
,
(
–
“
”
),
” (loopback interface)
“
lo0.
,
.
,
.
,
IP-
lo0
.
127.0.0.1
.
,
,
.
Ubuntu.
:
1)
2)
;
.
Ubuntu,
. 4.1).
:
.
,
, DNS,
),
.
.
,
,
(
. 4.2).
,
DHCP.
,
Static IP address (
.
,
),
,
,
.
30
)
)
. 4.1.
“
”
“
)
”:
; )
)
)
. 4.2.
eth0:
)
; )
(
(
).
DNS (
. 4.3)
. 4.4)
DNS-
.
,
.
interfaces
resolv.conf.
/etc/network/interfaces
,
,
,
.
MAC-
.
lo (IP-
127.0.0.*,
.
31
, 127.0.0.1)
lo
/etc/network/interfaces:
auto lo
#
iface lo inet loopback
lo
“
.
,
eth1
”
eth0,
.
,
,
IP-
.
,
eth0
DHCP
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
“auto eth0”
:
,
.
,
interfaces,
iface eth0 inet static
address
netmask
gateway
gateway –
:
.
,
.
network
broadcast,
:
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.17.255
.
eth0,
. .
eth0:1
eth0:2
#
#
,
eth0:1,
,
–
,
eth0.
:
auto eth0 eth0:1 eth0:2
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.201
network 192.168.0.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1
iface eth0:1 inet static
address 192.168.0.202
network 192.168.0.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
32
iface eth0:2 inet static
address 192.168.0.203
network 192.168.0.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
DNS-
/etc/resolv.conf
DNS-
,
,
.
:
nameserver 192.168.1.1
DNS-
,
:
nameserver 192.168.1.1
nameserver 195.75.16.5
,
,
,
:
/etc/init.d/networking restart
Ubuntu
.
,
,
:
.
,
. 4.5.
Ping, Netstat, Traceroute, Port Scan, Lookup, Finger
. 4.5.
“
Whois.
”
33
ifconfig.
IP(
,
).
, ifconfig
.
ifconfig –
,
.
,
.
Ubuntu
,
sudo.
,
ifconfig
. 4.1.
4.1.
ifconfig
ifconfig eth0 up
eth0
ifconfig eth0 down
eth0
ifconfig eth0 inet 192.168.140.1
ifconfig eth0 192.168.140.1
eth0
-
192.168.140.1
ifconfig eth0:1 172.30.49.4
eth0
172.30.49.4
eth0
ifconfig eth0 netmask
255.255.0.0
255.255.0.0
ifconfig eth0 broadcast
192.168.140.255
eth0
192.168.140.255
ifconfig eth0 hw ether
00:12:34:56:78:90
eth0 MAC00:12:34:56:78:90
ifconfig eth0 192.168.2.2
netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast
192.168.2.255
,
eth0
192.168.2.2,
255.255.255.0
192.168.2.255
,
,
,
,
ping.
,
,
:
,
.
1.
.
34
-
2.
.
3.
.
.
4.
,
YYY –
: 192.168.YYY.ZZZ,
, ZZZ=1,2
,
255.255.255.0.
5.
,
.
6.
,
(192.168.YYY.101),
(192.168.RRR.200,
(192.168.YYY.100)
,
RRR = YYY+50).
DNS.
7.
.
.
8.
(192.168.YYY.3,
YYY –
),
(255.255.255.0),
DNS(192.168.YYY.101),
(192.168.RRR.200, RRR = YYY+60).
(192.168.YYY.100)
,
.
9.
Ubuntu
.
1.
2.
Linux?
TCP/IP
?
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
?
IP-
?
lo0
?
IP-
?
?
?
?
?
DNS
?
/etc/network/interfaces?
Ubuntu?
Netstat?
Traceroute?
Lookup?
Finger?
Whois?
35
5.
NetCracker Professional
:
,
,
NetCracker Professional.
,
,
.
,
,
NetCracker Professional,
,
NetCracker Technology.
,
,
,
,
,
–
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
NetCracker Professional
NetCracker Professional 4.1
Professional.
36
NetCracker
(
. 5.1)
NetCracker Professional
,
,
.
Net1.
.
. 5.1.
Open (
NetCracker Professional
NetCracker Professional (.NET)
)
File
).
( . 5.2).
. 5.2.
Samples
Techno.net.
“Techno” (
. 5.3).
).
“
,
”
“
”
.
37
(Zoom).
Devices
,
.
. 5.3.
“Techno”
:
(Types);
(Vendors);
(User).
“
”
(Messages);
(Devices);
(Recently used).
“
,
.
:
”
“
”
,
,
,
.
,
,
–
,
Plug-in Setup
) Help (
),
), Close (
,
( . 5.4).
HSSI
,
Interface
–
(
).
Cisco 7000,
Processor
),
– CX-HIP.
,
.
38
Device Setup
(
,
,
. 5.4.
Cisco 7000
:
ATM Interface Processor CX-HIP
),
Properties;
ATM Interface Processor CX-HIP
Plug-in Setup;
,
Plug-in Setup.
CX-HIP
ATM Interface Processor
CX-HIP
. 5.5.
CX-HIP
Protocols (
Ports (
)
. 5.5.
.
,
Device Setup.
39
)
,
,
“
),
”
Devices
,
,
.
”
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
:
Say Notes (
Say Description (
Say Current Statistics (
,
,
,
;
;
);
);
).
View
Media Colors.
:
;
;
.
,
.
Tools (
),
Reports
).
Routers/Bridges
,
Next (
),
Finish (
).
)
,
Report,
(
),
.
,
: Tools
Materials
Next
,
Reports
).
Bill of
Finish.
,
Close
.
Start
Control (
),
Start
(
40
. 5.6).
Control.
. 5.6.
Stop
(
)
Pause/Resume
)
,
.
(
. 5.7)
) .
Animation Setup (
,
.
,
,
Close.
Modes
Break/Restore (
)
(
)
.
.
Break/Restore (
)
,
Global (
.
).
)
Protocols (
Model Settings
. 5.8).
,
.
,
).
.
41
TCP/IP – RIP
TCP/IP
. 5.7.
. 5.8.
Protocols
,
.
,
Say Info (
.
),
Properties (
(
),
. 5.9).
. 5.9.
42
,
,
,
,
.
:
1)
,
,
Site
Setup (
2)
3)
) ( . 5.10);
Background (
),
Map (
Browse (
),
OK.
NetCracker Professional
,
(
),
,
.
NetCracker Professional simulation engine.
. 5.10.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Site Setup
NetCracker Professional
Routers and bridges
Techno.net.
.
,
Cisco Systems.
D-Link
Fast EtherLink 10/100 PCI.
.
.
.
,
.
Ethernet
5.
6.
7.
8.
,
.
9.
10.
11.
);
.
.
.
43
12.
13.
Techno.net
Router.net.
,
,
.
14.
.
15.
,
.
16.
17.
18.
19.
.
.
.
Router.net
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
NetCracker Professional?
NetCracker Professional?
NetCracker Professional?
?
5.
?
6.
?
7.
8.
9.
,
?
?
,
?
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
?
?
,
?
?
?
?
?
17.
18.
19.
?
?
?
20.
21.
22.
23.
(
)
?
,
?
44
?
?
6.
NetCracker Professional
:
,
NetCracker Professional
,
.
NetCracker Professional
,
Hierarchy
New.
File
Types.
:
Workgroup
Switches (
Ethernet
),
),
.
.
.
:
LAN workstations (
)
;
1)
),
Workstations (
.
2)
.
:
1)
LAN servers (
Generic Devices (
),
)
.
;
2)
.
),
:
LAN adapters (
.
Ethernet
(
«+» (
),
).
1)
Modes (
)
:
Link devices
)
;
2)
,
3)
(
,
Link
.
Link Assistant;
. 6.1),
)
Close.
,
Link devices
,
Shift ,
45
,
.
,
.
. 6.1.
(
Link Assistant
Link Assistant
Protocol),
(
(
Device Properties
Length).
Bandwidth)
Port Properties
.
.
Media),
(
Unlink
.
.
.
,
(
).
"Network and Enterprise software"
.
Drag-and-Drop
.
NetCracker Professional
:
FileServer (
)–
.
,
,
46
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
,
;
SQL Server (SQL,
)–
.
;
Smalloffice database server (
,
) –
.
.
,
FTP Server (FTP,
“
)–
”;
,
“
”.
FileTransferProtocol),
(FTP,
Internet.
,
,
E-mail Server (
;
) –
,
.
;
,
HTTPServer (HTTP) –
HTTPHyperTextTransferProtocol).
“
NetCrackerProfessional
CAM/CAD –
;
Database –
;
E-mail –
;
FTP client –
;
Small office environment –
HTTP client –
web;
LAN peer-to-peer traffic –
);
InterLAN traffic –
;
Small InterLAN traffic –
File Server’s client –
Small office database server’s client –
;
SQL server’s client –
SQLSmall office peer-to-peer –
;
Voice over IP peer-to-peer –
47
web.
(HTTP,
Intr net, Extranet,
”.
:
;
(
;
;
;
;
-
E-mail (SMTP) –
TCP/IP.
,
,
.
,
:
1.
Devices)
Drag-and-Drop
2.
(
,
. 6.2)
,
:
Network and Enterprise software
File server
:
Configuration,
Plug-in Setup
Properties.
Traffic,
.
: File server
Application Layer Protocol
. 6.3)
OK.
. 6.2.
3.
:
Modes
Set Traffic
)
,
Profiles (
File Server’s client
.
. 6.4),
Assign.
.
48
,
. 6.3.
. 6.4.
1.
2.
Modes
– PC2.
Profiles (
Assign.
:
Set Traffic .
– PC1,
. 6.4)
3.
– PC2,
– PC1.
Profiles (
Assign.
,
.
49
. 6.4)
Data Flow
)
Global,
,
(
. 6.5).
. 6.5.
(
traffic (
)
,
Associated Data Flow (
,
. 6.6.
) Incoming traffic (
).
Outgoing
).
. 6.6.
(
Start
Control)
,
50
.
NetCracker Professional
:
average
workload –
(
),
(
,
current workload –
),
current utilization –
,
average utilization –
,
;
current number of calls –
,
ub,
);
(
);
;
.
,
,
).
(
current utilization –
average utilization –
average workload –
current workload –
average delay –
;
packets for last second –
,
packets dropped for last second –
calls received –
;
calls blocked –
;
packets received –
;
transactions received –
calls requested of –
calls established of –
( ,
NetCracker Professional
):
;
;
;
;
;
,
;
;
;
.
.
:
calls requested –
calls established of –
average call length –
response time –
travel time –
;
;
;
;
.
,
Statistics (
,
).
Global
Statistics.
Data Flow
51
,
Status Bar (
.
)
,
.
System Time (
) –
,
.
.
:
1)
,
Statistics;
2)
Statistical Items
Current utilization
,
,
( . 6.7)
.
:
1)
2)
;
Properties,
34,
–
.
1)
:
Say Information ( )
Say Current Statistics;
Modes
Modes
2)
Break/Restore ( ).
. 6.7.
Statistical Items
.
52
1.
.
: Lab06-
,
1.
2.
, Lab06-Bender-KN31-2015.
W1-W3
S1
FastEthernet,
5
. Ethernet
FastEthernet
Token Ring.
FastEthernet.
10BASE-T,
.
W6-W8
,
,
16
W4, W5
S3
3-
W1-W3
Fast
D-Link,
W4, W5
Ethernet
100BASE-TX,
.
W1-W5
3.
S1
S1
4.
(10BASE-2).
W1-W3,
10BASE-2.
S1.
W6 W7
S2.
W1-W3
S1
100BASE-TX.
,
,
10BASE-T.
.
W4 W5
Thick Ethernet.
,
.
W7
6.
S2
10BASE-T.
10BASE-2,
.
.
5.
Token Ring
S2
ISDN
PSTN
ISDN.
W1-W6
S1
,
Token Ring,
.
53
10BASE-2
W4
W5
Thin Ethernet
S2
.
(Access server)
2
: DSU/CSU
ISDN PSTN
W6
.
W6
FDDI,
5. FDDI
,
-
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Frame Relay,
10BASE-T
3
DSU/CSU: DSU1–DSU3. DSU1
DSU2,
,
FRAD (Frame relay access device) – F1
F2.
F1
Fast Ethernet.
,
W1
S1
100BASE-T .
F2
Thick
Ethernet
S2,
W2
.
W1-W4,
S1 S2,
(Access Server)
100Base-T.
,
PSTN.
S3
W5-W8
Thick Ethernet,
100Base-T.
W5-W8
S3
S1 S2
S2.
W1-W3
S1
FDDI
,
5. FDDI
,
,
,
16
Token Ring 100
Ethernet
.
W4 W5
S2
Token Ring.
W6W8
S3
Fast Ethernet.
W1-W3
S1
4
Token Ring,
Token Ring.
Token Ring
FastEthernet
Thin Ethernet.
W4 W5
S2
FastEthernet.
W6-W8
S3
Thin Ethernet.
10BASE-T,
W1-W3
D-Link,
Fast
Ethernet
W4-W8
100BASE-TX,
3
Fast Ethernet.
(10BASE-5).
W1
W2
(10BASE-5),
(10BASE-2)
W3-W5.
Thin Ethernet
,
W6
S1.
W7 W8
S2.
W1-W4,
S1
S2,
(Access Server)
100Base-T.
Wi-Fi
,
Thick Ethernet,
S2
W5-W8.
W1-W3
H1
100BASE-TX.
H2
N1,
S1
.
54
.
H1
H2
100BASE-FX.
15.
W1-W2
SW1
100BASE-T4,
R1,
R2
ATM.
R2
W3
SW2,
S1.
S1
.
1.
:
(current workload)
,
(average utilization).
:
,
1.1.
1.2.
.
,
.
1.3.
1.4.
.
,
,
.
1.5.
.
1.6.
.
2.
.
1.
2.
?
,
,
?
3.
?
4.
5.
?
?
6.
7.
?
?
“
”?
8.
?
(
,
9.
10.
11.
12.
,
,
)?
Link Assistant?
?
?
“
55
”?
13.
?
14.
15.
?
?
?
16.
17.
18.
,
?
?
,
?
19.
“
”
?
?
20.
21.
22.
23.
?
?
?
?
24.
?
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
?
?
?
?
,
?
30.
31.
32.
,
,
?
?
,
?
33.
34.
35.
?
?
?
56
7.
NetCracker Professional
:
,
.
Building (
)
:
1)
,
,
,
;
2)
Devices
campuses and LAN Workgroups.
Building
3)
4)
Buildings,
;
Building;
Building:
Building
Expand
Building.
Objects
Expand
Building
,
Building
;
Building
5)
,
(
. 7.1)
;
. 7.1.
6)
,
.
:
Network and enterprise software
1)
software.
2)
E-mail server
Server
;
.
:
Views
Project Hierarchy.
:
Building,
Names
Sites
Site name
57
Site Setup,
MacNally Building.
:
MacNally Building
Modes
Draw
Drawing
1)
2)
3)
;
;
Line
,
;
4)
.
Styles
,
Object
Draw Color
.
:
.
MacNally Building
.
,
Modes
Trace
,
:
1)
.
,
MacNally Building
2)
Trace
Multi-Trace Mode
3)
MacNally Building
.
Top
;
Toggle
;
Building (2),
1.
2.
Top –
.
.
: Lab07-
,
, Lab07-Bender-
KN31-2015.
3.
,
,
,
.
4.
5.
6.
.
Building
Building,
.
,
7.
8.
9.
10.
.
,
.
Building
.
.
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
?
?
?
?
?
?
58
8.
Cisco Packet Tracer
:
Cisco Packet Tracer,
,
.
Cisco Packet Tracer –
Cisco Systems,
,
Cisco
(
,
,
IOS)
(
).
DHCP, HTTP, TFTP, FTP,
,
WiFi,
,
,
.
,
.
,
Cisco IOS –
,
,
Packet Tracer
,
.
,
.
Cisco Packet Tracer
Cisco Packet Tracer
Cisco Packet Tracer.
Cisco Packet Tracer,
:
:
. 8.1,
(1);
(2);
(3);
(4);
(Real-Time)
(6);
(5);
(7);
(8);
(9).
(4)
.
,
.
:
Select (
)
,
Move Layout (
;
;
)
59
Place Note (
)
.
;
Delete (
Inspect (
)
;
)
.
ARP,
,
NAT
Resize Shape (
.;
)
);
Add Simple PDU (
)
)
Add Complex PDU (
.
. 8.1.
Cisco Packet Tracer
(8)
,
.
(7)
( . 8.2):
(switches);
(routers);
60
(7)
(hubs);
,
:
:
,
,
,
(end devices);
(wireless
devices);
WAN;
;
.
. 8.2.
(9)
,
,
.
,
(
. 8.3):
Routers (1);
(2);
,
(3).
. 8.3.
61
,
(
. 8.4),
,
IOS CLI
.
,
.
. 8.4.
Physical (
:
;
1)
2)
3)
4)
. 8.5).
(WIC-Cover).
. 8.4)
;
;
.
Physical
,
,
(1).
(1).
(2)
(3-4).
(4)
(3).
Config
(
62
. 8.6).
. 8.5.
CLI
Console0
. 8.7).
.
. 8.6.
63
. 8.7.
Switches,
.
.
Physical
,
Packet Tracer
Generic,
Cisco
.
.
Config
Console0.
,
CLI –
.
,
End devices,
(
,
,
,
,
).
.
Settings (
. 8.9)
Config
,
SERVICES (
. 8.8)
FastEthernet
.
Config
),
64
,
HTTP, DHCP, TFTP, DNS,
SYSLOG, AAA, NTP, EMAIL, FTP.
. 8.8.
. 8.9.
Settings
Config
FastEthernet
Config
65
,
,
. 10).
IP Configuration
. 8.11.
IP Configuration
. 8.10.
IP Configuration
Desktop
. 8.11
IP Configuration
Desktop
Desktop
,
,
.
,
.
Cisco Packet Tracer
automatically choose connection type (
console (
);
cooper Straight-Through (
cooper cross-over (
fiber (
);
phone (
);
66
);
);
);
coaxial (
serial DCE/DTE (
);
DCE/DTE).
,
,
:
1)
End devices,
,
,
,
PC-PT
;
2)
Switches,
,
,
2960
,
. 8.12 );
3)
4)
5)
6)
Connections,
Cooper Straight-Through;
FastEthernet0 ( . 8.12 );
FastEthernet0/1 ( . 8.12 );
( . 8.12 ).
PC-PT
2960 switch
)
)
)
)
. 8.12.
(
),
,
,
.
,
Realtime (
)
;
,
,
,
Cisco Packet Tracer.
,
-
,
Add Simple PDU
ping.
.
PC0 (
67
ping-
),
PC1 (
ping-
)
.
(
),
pingUser Created Packet Window
Successful
Last Status
PC0
PC1 ( .8.13).
.
.
ping-
. 8.13.
User Created Packet Window
,
Command Prompt
Desktop
. 8.14).
. 8.14.
Command Prompt
Desktop
Command Prompt
,
,
. 8.15.
. 8.15.
.
Command Prompt
68
Desktop
1.
.
: Lab08-
,
, Lab08-Bender-
KN31-2015.
2.
–
,
.
3.
,
.2,
(192.168.YYY.ZZZ,
YYY –
, ZZZ=1,2,3,…)
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
(255.255.255.0).
“
,
”.
.
.
Cisco Packet Tracer?
Cisco Packet Tracer?
?
?
?
?
?
Cisco Packet Tracer?
?
?
69
9.
Cisco Packet Tracer
:
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
(network switch) –
,
.
OSI,
MAC-
.
MAC.
,
.
,
.
,
.
MAC-
,
, MAC,
,
,
,
,
MAC-
.
-
).
,
.
:
(Unmanaged Switches)
.
(SOHO,
Small-Office-Home-Office).
.
,
,
(IEEE 802.3 ),
,
(MDI/MDIX),
.
,
Green Ethernet,
Jumbo-
.
(Managed Switches)
,
2
OSI.
,
,
.
WEBSNMP, Telnet/SSH
(CLI),
.
70
3
Cisco Packet Tracer
2960).
RS-232
,
. 9.1).
(
. 9.1.
,
Desktop
Terminal.
Terminal Configuration ( . 9.2),
.
OK.
Terminal (
. 9.3),
.
. 9.2.
Terminal
Configuration
Switch>? (
. 9.3.
Terminal
),
Switch>enable
#(
> (Switch>) –
switch (Switch#),
.
.
Switch#exit.
Switch#disable
end
Switch#show running-config
Switch#show run
,
,
,
Switch#configure terminal
Switch#conf t
71
),
:
> ?
,
:
show
Switch#show ?
.
,
:
Switch(config)#enable password <
>
,
(
),
.
Switch(config)#service password-encryption,
Switch(config)#enable secret <
>
,
,
.
,
:
Switch(config)#enable secret
,
:
Switch(config)#username <
> privilege <
> –
,
,
(Switch(config-line)#)
>,
> –
>
> –
[0;15];
>–
;
console <
> password <
15
.
line
,
0;
Switch(config-line)#line console ?
:
Switch(config-line)#login local
local –
.
(FastEthernet,
GigabitEthernet)
Switch#show run.
Vlan1.
(Vlan)
:
72
Switch(config-if)#interface Vlan1.
:
Switch(config-if)#ip address <
> –
,
192.168.0.1,
>–
,
> <
>
,
, 255.255.255.0.
,
,
,
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown.
«Interface Vlan1,
.
changed state to up»,
,
line)#line vty 0 4,
,4–
Switch(config-
vty –
, 0 –
.
,
, telnet.
:
Switch(config-line)#transport input telnet
Switch(config-line)#login local
end
Switch#wr mem
Switch#write memory
,
,
,
,
ping-
.
telnet,
:
telnet <
>
.
,
1.
.
Cisco Packet Tracer
:
2.
, Lab09-Bender-KN31-2015.
4
.
3.
Lab09-
.
,
,
(192.168.YYY.ZZZ,
YYY –
, ZZZ=1,2,3,…)
(255.255.255.0).
73
4.
.
.
5.
6.
7.
8.
.
.
.
(
,
).
9.
telnet
.
10.
(
ping-
11.
12.
).
telnet.
.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
?
?
?
?
?
74
10.
Cisco Packet Tracer
:
,
VLAN
.
VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) –
,
,
,
,
.
Vlan
,
.
Vlan
,
,
OSI
.
Vlan1,
.
–
,
.
–
,
,
.
,
, DHCP.
Vlan
.
, Vlan
,
Vlan
Vlan.
Vlan
,
(telnet, SSH),
.
Vlan ID
VID,
802.1Q.
Vlan ID –
0
4095.
,
,
VID
0 4095
,
.
Cisco
Vlan – normal-range
) extended-range (
).
Vlan –
1
1005,
–
1006
4094.
,
VID 1002–1005
Token Ring FDDI Vlan.
.
Access Port –
:
Trunc Port –
.
VLAN
Cisco Packet Tracer
4
.
(
,
75
2960).
.
Vlan2,
–
Vlan3 (
Vlan1.
. 10.1),
. 10.1.
CLI.
: Switch>enable,
: Switch#conf t
,
,
.
Vlan
Switch(config)#vlan <
Vlan,
, 2.
>–
:
>
Vlan,
Switch(config-vlan)#,
Vlan
>–
Vlan,
Vlan.
Switch(config-vlan)#name <
>
, staff.
Vlan Switch(config-vlan)#exit
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
1
2
.
:
Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet <
>–
,
0/1
0/2.
Access-
>
:
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode access
Vlan:
Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan <
>
>–
Vlan,
, 2.
Switch(config-if)#exit
Vlan2.
76
Vlan,
Switch#show vlan.
,
Vlan3,
.
asp.
Switch#show vlan brief,
. 10.2.
. 10.2.
VLAN
Vlan
,
192.168.0.3, 192.168.0.4.
, 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.2,
pingVlan.
,
Vlan
Vlan
Vlan.
,
VLAN
,
.
,
8
.
(
2960).
GigabitEthernet (
2
. 10.3.
77
4
. 10.3).
4
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
Switch#show run
,
Vlan
,
PC2, PC3, PC6
.
PC0, PC1, PC4
PC5
PC7 – Vlan3 ( . 10.3).
,
Vlan2,
.
CLI.
:
Switch(config)#interface gigabitEthernet <
> –
,
1/1.
>
GigabitEthernet,
.
:
Switch(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
Vlan
Switch(config-if)#switchport trunk allowed vlan <
Vlan,
>
Vlan,
> –
Vlan
2,3.
Switch#wr mem
,
.
pingVlan.
Vlan
Vlan
Vlan.
1.
,
Cisco Packet Tracer
:
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
,
Lab10-
.
,
, Lab10-Bender-KN31-2015.
4
(PC0, PC1, PC2, PC3)
,
.
(192.168.YYY.ZZZ,
YYY –
, ZZZ=1,2,3,…)
(255.255.255.0).
Vlan2, Vlan3 Vlan4.
Vlan2
PC0
PC2, Vlan3 –
PC1,
Vlan4 –
PC3.
pingVlan.
,
.
78
8.
PC4, PC5, PC6, PC7
).
(
,
9.
GigabitEthernet.
10.
Vlan
.
11.
12.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ping-
Vlan.
.
VLAN?
OSI
VLAN?
VLAN?
VLAN
Vlan
?
Cisco?
?
Vlan ID
Token Ring
79
FDDI Vlan?
1.
. .
. .
.
–
:
6.050101
:
“
[
”]
/
,
2012. – 88 .
2.
.
. 2. – .:
,
2003. – 584 .
3.
.
.
. –
. :
, 2002. – 576 .
4.
.
. 2.:
.
. –
.:
“
”, 2001. – 928 .
5. Cisco Systems
.
, 3.:
.
.– .:
“
”, 2002. – 1040 .
6.
.
Internet.
Internet.
– .–
.– . :
, 2002. – 640 c.
7.
.
:
.
. – .–
.– . :
“
”, 2003. – 640 .
8.
.
.
.– .:
, 2004. – 208 .
9.
.
. – .–
.– . :
, 2002. – 656 .
10.
.,
.
Cisco. 2. – .–
.– . :
, 2001. – 368 .
11.
,
.
Internet. – .–
.–
.:
, 2001. – 448 .
12.
.
Cisco.
1.
2. – .–
.– . :
, 2002. – 464 .
13. Microsoft TCP/IP:
. 2.– .:
, 1999.
– 344 .
14.
.,
.
.
.–
.:
, 2004. – 756 .
80
“
”
6.050101 “
:
:
:
81
”