Community Health Nursing: A Canadian
Perspective
Fifth Edition
Chapter 33
Global Health
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Globalization and Global Health (1 of 3)
• Globalization involves the processes by which people
are becoming more connected through increased
economic integration, communication, and cultural
diffusion
• The globalization process may generate unbalanced
outcomes for populations both between and within
countries
• Globalization has promoted advances in technology,
science, communication, and cross-national
interdependencies
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Globalization and Global Health (2 of 3)
• Globalization has also increased wide disparities in
access to societal resources and the opportunities
they afford
• Global health is an area for study, research, and
practice that places a priority on improving health and
achieving equity for all people worldwide
• Areas of healthcare that understand and address the
effects of globalization on health are public health,
international health, and global health
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Globalization and Global Health (3 of 3)
• Global health shares a common concern for
preventing disease and promoting health for
communities and whole populations
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Trends in Global Burden of Disease
• Impact of health problems, or disease burden,
relates to number of years lost due to disease as
measured by financial cost, mortality, morbidity, or
other indicators
• World Health Organization estimates global burden
of disease based on mortality as well as morbidity,
years of life lost is due to ill health and disability
• CHNs must understand the basic strategies for
detecting, controlling, and preventing infectious
disease and managing chronic diseases globally
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Top 10 Causes of Death Worldwide
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New and Emerging Infections and
Chronic Diseases (1 of 2)
• While most of the recent new and reemerging
infectious diseases have been viral, bacterial
infections are also a threat to global health
• New and emerging infectious diseases are
unpredictable and have the potential for spreading
quickly with high morbidity, resulting in social
consequences
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New and Emerging Infections and
Chronic Diseases (2 of 2)
• The most significant risk from bacteria around the
world currently is antibiotic-resistant strains, such
as multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
• The global community has a desperate need for
building capacity for early detection and timely
response
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Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health
(1 of 2)
• Women and children living in South Asia and subSaharan Africa continue to face the highest rates
of maternal, neonatal, and child deaths
• Despite a global decline in maternal mortality
rates, it is alarming that nearly 830 women die
every day from complications related to pregnancy
and childbirth
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Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health
(2 of 2)
• Most maternal deaths can be prevented by access
to appropriate health care during pregnancy,
labour, childbirth, and the postpartum period
• Women, infants, and children around the world
face numerous barriers in achieving an optimal
health status
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Global Distribution of Deaths among
Children
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United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals (1 of 2)
• The Sustainable Development Solutions Network
has established 12 thematic groups that are
solution oriented rather than research oriented.
• Goal is to stimulate governments, United Nations,
and public toward discovery of practical solutions
to the greatest challenges of sustainable
development
• There are 17 Sustainable Development Goals
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United Nations Sustainable
Development Goals (2 of 2)
• CHNs are uniquely positioned to embrace
recommendations and develop health-related
metrics that considers the SDGs and initiate calls
to action
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Human Rights, Social Justice, and
Social Determinants of Health (1 of 3)
• Global health diplomacy is one way of challenging
oppressive power relationships in the hopes of
achieving social justice
• The significance of including global health issues
in the foreign policy agenda is that health affects
the global dimensions of security, economics, and
social justice
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Human Rights, Social Justice, and
Social Determinants of Health (2 of 3)
• There is strong evidence indicating that most of
the global burden of disease and, more
specifically, health inequalities are caused by
social determinants of health
• CHNs need to be aware of power in relationships,
and giving voice to vulnerable populations within
the context of global health
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Human Rights, Social Justice, and
Social Determinants of Health (3 of 3)
• CHNs as global citizens:
– look past the dominant emphasis on individual care
(commonly disconnected from social, economic,
political, and cultural contexts);
– engage critically and reflexively with social, historical,
and political issues;
– develop their capacity in identifying tensions between
personal professional interests and global interests,
and
– works from the premise that people’s experiences of
health and illness are culturally and geographically
located
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