Practical Grammar
First Year of Study
Class Ten
II Term
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19oH-mH4vNU Вінник Олег
http://29palms.ru/index.php?link=blog&action=showblog&blog=30127
TIME for RHYME
Exercise 1. Read the Irregular Verb chants by Natalee Creech and learn them by heart.
Drink – drank, buy – bought,
Sit – sat, catch – caught,
Come – came, ring – rang,
Give – gave, sing – sang.
Run – ran, do – did,
Swim – swam, hide – hid,
Build – built, pay – paid,
Lend – lent, lay – laid.
Tell – told, read – read,
Steal – stole, bleed – bled,
Speak – spoke, keep – kept,
Break – broke, sleep – slept.
See – saw, feel – felt,
Dig – dug, deal – dealt,
Ride – rode, tear – tore,
Find – found, wear – wore.
Read the rhymes
Monday’s Child
Sunday’s Child
Monday’s child is fair of face,
Tuesday’s child is full of grace,
Wednesday’s child is full of woe,
Thursday’s child has far to go,
Friday’s child is loving and giving,
Saturday’s child works hard for his
living,
And the child that is born on the
Sabbath day
Is bonny and blithe, and good and gay.
Sunday’s child is pretty,
Monday’s child is witty,
Tuesday’s child is very strong,
Wednesday’s child is never wrong,
Thursday’s child is friendly and kind,
Friday’s child has a bright mind,
But the best is the child of Saturday.
When is your birthday?
Jump away!
When shall I marry?
This year, next year,
sometime, never.
What will my husband be?
Tinker, tailor, soldier, sailor,
rich-man, poor-man,
beggar-man, thief.
Predictions
Tinker, Tailor,
Soldier, Sailor,
Rich Man, Poor Man,
Beggar Man, Thief.
An American modern version:
What will I be?
Lady, baby, gypsy, queen.
Rich Man, Poor Man,
Beggar Man, Thief,
Doctor, Lawyer, (or “Merchant”)
Indian Chief.
Hickory Dickory Dock
Hickory Dickory dock,
The mouse ran up the clock,
The clock struck one
The mouse ran down,
Hickory Dickory dock.
Hickory Dickory dock,
The mouse ran up the clock,
The clock struck four,
He hit the floor,
Hickory Dickory dock.
Hickory Dickory dock,
The mouse ran up the clock,
The clock struck seven,
8, 9, 10, 11,
Hickory Dickory dock.
Hickory Dickory dock,
The mouse ran up the clock,
The clock struck two
And down he flew,
Hickory Dickory dock.
Hickory Dickory dock,
The mouse ran up the clock,
The clock struck five,
The mouse took a dive,
Hickory Dickory dock.
Hickory Dickory dock,
The mouse ran up the clock,
As twelve bells rang,
The mouse sprang,
Hickory Dickory dock.
Hickory Dickory dock,
The mouse ran up the clock,
The clock struck three
And he did flee,
Hickory Dickory dock.
Hickory Dickory dock,
The mouse ran up the clock,
The clock struck six,
That mouse, he split,
Hickory Dickory dock.
Hickory Dickory dock,
"Why scamper?" asked the
clock,
"You scare me so
I have to go!
Hickory Dickory dock."
Guess the irregular verbs
according to their explanations
-
To be first in a competition or race
To move forward and backward
To hit sharply or forcefully
To be bitten by a bee
To hold tight to something
To throw with a force
To pardon, to stop being angry with
To take food through the mouth
12. Irregular Verbs / I – Ʌ – Ʌ /
cling
cling
fling
sting
swing
win
strike
dig
win
fling
stick
sting
swing
strike
13. Irregular Verbs
(/ I / – / æ / ei / – / Ʌ /)
begin come drink ring run become sing sink shrink stink swim
Exercise 1. Match the infinitives with their Past Simple and Past Participle forms.
become
begin
drink
ring
sing
shrink
swim
- to move forward through water
- to become smaller from the effect of heat or cold
- to make music with your mouth
- to take liquid through the mouth
- to start doing something
- to make a sound of a bell
- to change into something different
Fill in the gaps with the relevant form of the verb in brackets
1. She _____ (drink) too much coffee yesterday.
2. The film _____(begin) late at night.
3. At the age of 27, she _____ (become) a doctor.
4. Dad _____ (come) home from work at 6 p. m.
5. We _____ (swim) 500 m yesterday afternoon.
6. I _____ (ring) the doorbell but no one answered.
7. The little boy _____ (run) off to get his brother.
8. Some years ago Petro Ostapenko, a Ukrainian young singer, _____ (sing) in
La Scala, Milano.
9. I washed my sweater in hot water, and it _____ (shrink).
10. Last summer was rather hot, and we _____ (swim) in the Dnipro a lot.
11. The place _____ (stink) of dead fish.
Translate into English using Irregular Verbs
1. Купити нові речі
2. Забути виконати вправу
3. Вивчити напам'ять вірш
4. Перевернути вазу
5. Пролити молоко на килим
6. Загубити телефон
7. Розбити тарілку/Побити рекорд
8. Написати твір
9. Порізати палець
10. Знайти цікаву інформацію в
інтернеті
11. Слухати улюблену пісню
12. Співати разом з родичами
13. Гойдатися на гойдалці
14. Виграти гру
15. Копати землю
16. Прийти додому пізно
17. Плавати в басейні
18. Запускати повітряного змія
19. Пити шампанське/колу
20. Попрала светр у гарячій воді, і
він сів
Fill in appropriate forms of the Irregular verbs in
brackets
1. Somebody _____ (break) this window last
night.
2. Kate _____ (wear) long dresses last year.
3. I’ve never _____ (hit) anybody in my life.
4. I _____ (buy) a ticket to Paris at the airport.
5. He _____ (leave) the hotel, _____ (take) a
taxi and _____ (drive) to the station.
6. This house _____ (cost) $35,000 in 1998.
7. Philip _____ (make) no haste to move from
where he _____ (sit).
8. I _____ (ring) the bell, but nobody _____ (be)
at home.
9. Who else _____ (go) to the cinema with Mike
yesterday evening?
10. Elizabeth Porter _____ (write) nice books
about sweet girl Pollyanna.
11. A strong wind _____ (sweep) the roof out of
the neighboring house last night.
12. When they _____ (see) the baby-girl that
evening, everybody _____ (burst) out laughing,
so funny she was.
13. Jack _____ (grow) a beard but now he has
_____ (shave) it off.
14. When Jane _____ (have) her Saturday job at
a flower shop, she _____ (send) me flowers.
15. Elvis Presley _____ (sing) lots of hit songs.
16. He _____ (hurt) his leg when he _____ (fall)
off his skateboard.
17. They _____ (get) into the car and _____
(drive) away.
[d]
Arrived
Failed
Agreed
Planned
Carried
Followed
Played
Lived
Phoned
Called
Copied
Travelled
Pronunciation of -ed
[t]
Asked
Crossed
Stopped
Liked
Escaped
Danced
Looked
Relaxed
Cooked
Worked
Fixed
Expressed
[id]
Wanted
Decided
Started
Studied
Ended
Visited
Admitted
Waited
Lasted
Trotted
Posted
Contrasted
Read and pronounce the verbs correctly
Passes
[iz]
Teaches
Pushes
Judges
Closes
Chooses
Freezes
Confuses
Expresses
Rises
Crosses
Characterizes
Passes
Catches
Reads
Follows
Plays
Grows
Feeds
Studies
Calls
Includes
Does
Serves
Spells
Gives
Goes
Travels
[z]
Works
[s]
Cooks
Keeps
Demonstrates
Casts
Shuts
Fights
Writes
Hurts
Speaks
Acts
Kicks
Forgets
Stops
The Objective
Participial Construction
After the verbs to have, to get only
Participle II is used.
In this case the Construction shows that the action
expressed by Participle II is performed at the request of
the person denoted by the Subject of the sentence.
I had my piano tuned. = I made or asked s.o. to tune my piano.
• I had my photo taken. I had my hair cut. You can get your clothes
made in Europe.
• E.g.:
• In interrogative and negative sentences the auxiliary verb
to do is used.
• E.g.: Why don’t you have your hair waved?
Translate into English using Past Participle
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Я хочу підстригтися. Я підстригся дуже коротко.
Він хоче відремонтувати свій автомобіль.
Вона збирається відремонтувати взуття.
Ми ще не відремонтували телевізор.
Вони збирались сфотографуватися.
Ти відремонтував годинника?
Вони збираються зрізати дерева в садочку?
Вона хотіла пошити собі нову сукню.
Вона пофарбувала волосся по-новому. Ї
Їй
личить.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Чому вона хоче перешити пальто?
Вона має зробити зачіску, бо йде на вечірку.
Ти вже відремонтував пилосос?
У неї зламалась парасолька, і він її поремонтував.
У неї болів зуб. Його запломбували чи вирвали?
Для того, щоб отримати новий паспорт, ви маєте
сфотографуватись.
7. Де вона хоче пошити собі весільну сукню?
8. Ми повинні підписати ці папери завтра.
9. Коли ви постелили у себе новий паркет?
10. Коли тобі видалили апендицит?
Task: Translate
into English using the Objective Participial
Construction after have or get
1. Я перешила своє зимове пальто.
2. Коли ви врешті-решт настроїте фортепіано?
3. Я не відремонтувала годинника, бо всі майстерні
були зачинені.
4. Коли ви побілили кімнату? Так гарно!
5. Де ви шили собі цю сукню?
6. Вам краще перефарбувати своє волосся. Цей
колір вам не пасує.
7. Де ви відремонтували велосипед?
8. Ви голитесь самі чи у цирульника?
Answer the questions
1. What is Mood?
2. Give the definition of the Indicative, Imperative, Subjunctive
Mood.
3. What is Real Condition? What kind of action does it
show/express?
4. What is the form of the Imperative Mood? What time does it
refer to? Can it be used in negation? Can commands and requests
be addressed to the 1st and 3rd person?
5. What action does the Subjunctive Mood show?
6. What forms of the Subjunctive Mood do you know? Which of
the forms is more restricted?
Comment on the mood of the verb in the following sentences:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
I'll help you if I can.
Shut the door after you!
She did not know where she was and what had happened.
I remember it so clearly as if it had happened only yesterday.
She promised she would be calm.
She wouldn't be calm if she knew what has happened.
She said she didn't know me.
Don't look at me as if you didn't know me.
The article was not difficult and I could translate it.
If I had a dictionary I could translate the article.
If I had not told him, he would never have known.
She was sure I had not told him the bad news.
Name the mood used in the following sentences and translate
the sentences into Ukrainian:
1. If I were young I should have a walking holiday.
2. If I were you I should pay no attention to what she says.
3. The vase is beautiful. You wouldn't find another to match it if you
tried.
4. If you hated sick people you wouldn't be a doctor, dear.
5. They say Frank has changed greatly. — Oh, yes. You would hardly
know him if you met him.
6. If I had known that, I shouldn't have come.
7. We should never have found the house if a passer-by hadn't
helped us.
8. If you had left earlier you would have caught the tram.
9. If you had taken the medicine the doctor prescribed you, you
would feel better now.
10. If you had read the article I recommended, you'd know how to
answer such questions.
The Subjunctive Mood
in Simple Sentences
Read the poem
If I were…
If I were a cat, I would catch a rat.
If I were tall, I would jump best of all.
If I were a bee, I would hide in a tree.
If I were short, I wouldn’t go in for sport.
If I were a cowboy, I would ride a horse.
If I were an actress, I would smile, of course.
If I were a writer, I would write a book.
If I were a mother , I would often cook.
1. In Exclamatory sentences beginning
with “if only” to express a wish
Would + Infinitive
If only
Past
Subjunctive
Non-fact
Tense-form
If only it would stop
raining!
If only I knew what
to do!
If only it were
true!
If only I could stop
him!
If only I had listened
to him!
2. In exclamatory sentences to express an
emotional attitude of the speaker to real
facts (surprise or disbelief)
Should + Infinitive
Should be it the truth!
Should be it the sun!
Should be it you!
e.g.:
3. In questions with WHY expressing astonishment or
indignation
a)Should + Infinitive
e.g.: Why should you and I talk about that?
b) Present
Subjunctive
e.g.: Why accuse everybody?
NB: If
the question is negative it expresses
suggestion or an invitation to a joint action
e.g.: Why not try it again?
4. In formulaic expressions “as it were” it is
used in parenthesis emphasizing that the
content of the sentence is highly figurative
or non-real
is, as it were, a transparent
barrier between myself and strong
emotion.
• E.g.: … there
• Her portrait had been, as it were, standing in his
heart.
• She looked, as it were, like a fairy…
5. In sentences “had better”, “had best”,
“would rather”, “would sooner” are used to
denote wish, admonition, preference, advice. They
make sentences more polite
• E.g.:
• I would rather have a cup of coffee.
• I would sooner stay with you.
• You are running a temperature. You had
better stay in bed.
6. In collocations – as luck would have it,
as ill luck would have it
за щасливим збігом обставин, як на зло, як на біду
e.g.:
As ill luck would have it, I’ve missed my train…
As luck would have it, Maryna did all her
homework. That helped her to cope with her
test paper well enough.
7. In set phrases
Be it so… Far be it from me…
Suffice it to say…
• E.g.: Far
be it from me to speak about
you like that!
• Test paper again? Be it so!
8. In Simple sentences with implied condition
• E.g.: I should be very glad to see you!
• He would be glad to help you!
• I’d like to tell you a few words about my
life in Berlin.
9. In sentences expressing wish
• Long live students of universities!
• Long live our group! Long live freedom!
• Success attend you! God save the king!
With analytical form:
May success attend you!
May you live long and be happy!
10. In oaths and imprecations
• Manners be hanged!
• Ideas be hanged!
• Confound those flies!
• The devil take him!
• Be it so!
• Heaven forbid!
• God bless you!
Subjunctive Mood
in Simple Sentences
If Only
Should + Infinitive
to express wish
In exclamatory sentences
to express surprise or disbelieve
Would / Past Subj / Past Perfect
In Why-questions
As it were
Astonishment / indignation
(with should and without)
With highly figurative meaning
Had better, would rather
Advice, wish, admonition, preference
As luck would have it,
as ill luck would have it
Be it so!, Far be it from me,
Suffice it to say
Implied condition
I should / would like to do
Long live, God save the king!
Success attend you!
May our freedom live long!
Manners be hanged! Ideas be hanged!
Confound those flies!
The devil take him! Be it so!
Heaven forbid! God bless you!
Homework # 10:
1. Irregular Verbs.
2. Learn the rules about 10 cases of
the Subjunctive Mood in Simple
sentences.
3. Give your own examples on each
case of the Subjunctive Mood in
simple sentences.
4. Analyze the forms of the
Subjunctive Mood in the next
exercise. Translate the sentences
into Ukrainian.