5G UL & DL Decoupling
5G MO | 2018.04
Contents
 Driving Forces & Key Values
 Key Technologies
eMBB Services Call for New Benchmark Experience: DL 50Mbps & UL
5Mbps
eMBB Services Requires >50Mbps DL
Experience
4G Network
UL Live Stream Requires >5Mbps UL Experience
5G Network
100Mbps~1Gbps
25~50Mbps
~4Mbps
Security Cameras
~10Mbps
~1.5Mbps
720P
1080P
2K
4K
8K/VR/AR
Live Broadcasting
DL: ~50Mbps
DL: >100Mbps
1K~2K Live Stream
4K Live Stream
…
4K Video, Basic VR/AR
8K Video, Immersive VR/AR
DL 50Mbps is benchmark for 5G early
deployment
Page 3
4~5Mbps
10Mbps
25Mbps@2D
50Mbps@3D
1080P
2K
4K
UL 5Mbps enables UL 1K live stream
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
C-Band Improves Cell Capacity & User Experience for Downlink
C-band Provides 10Gbps Cell Capacity
C-band Provides 1Gbps Outdoor Everywhere
C-Band Outdoor Drive Test
(3.5GHz 64T64R@100MHz)
C-Band Cell Capacity Test
(3.5GHz 64T64R@100MHz, 16TUEs)
THP
[Gbps]
DL THP
[Gbps]
12
1Gbps
2.1
in 98% area
1.8
10
1.5
11.26Gbps
8
1.2
Cell Capacity
6
0.9
~6x
0.6
4
Experience
0.3
2
0
0
1
Page 4
51
101
151
201
251
301
351
401
Time
[s]
1
101
201
NR（1*100MHz）
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
301
401
501
LTE 3CC(2*50MHz)
601
Time
[s]
C-band Uplink Coverage Limited in Outdoor Scenario
Outdoor C-Band & 1.8GHz Field Trial
3.5GHz
64T64R
26dBm
100MHz
3:1
2T4R
BS Antennas
TUE Power
Bandwidth
DL/UL Conf.
UE Antennas
1.8GHz
4T4R
23dBm
10MHz
NA
1T2R
Experience Limitation for Cell Edge Users
2~3x Gap
THP
[Mbps]
Edge user UL Experience
3.5GHz vs. 1.8GHz
20
18
16
14
TUE
P2 P3
P7
P9
12
10
370m
8
590m
6
P1
550m
P4 P5 P6 P8
4
2
730m
0
1
2
4
1.8GHz UL THP
BS: 3.5GHz & 1.8GHz
Page 5
3
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
5
6
7
3.5GHz UL THP
8
9
Point
C-band Uplink Coverage Limited in Indoor Scenario
Indoor C-Band & 1.8GHz Field Trial
BS Antennas
TUE Power
Bandwidth
DL/UL Conf.
UE Antennas
3.5GHz
64T64R
26dBm
100MHz
3:1
2T4R
1.8GHz
4T4R
23dBm
10MHz
NA
1T2R
Experience Limitation for Cell Edge Users
3~5x Gap
THP
[Mbps]
Edge user UL Experience
3.5GHz vs. 1.8GHz
20
18
16
14
12
TUE
200m
Glass
wall
P7
P6
P5
P4
P3
Wall P2
P1
10
8
6
Window
Door
4
2
0
BS: 3.5GHz & 1.8GHz
1
2
3
1.8GHz UL THP
Page 6
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
4
5
3.5GHz UL THP
6
7
Point
UL & DL Decoupling Enables 3.5 & 1.8GHz Co-Site & Co-Coverage
UL&DL Decoupling Extends C-band
Coverage
NR&LTE Uplink Co- Existance
UL@1.8GHz/3.5GHz
LTE FDD DL
DL@3.5GHz
LTE FDD UL
NR
PUSCH
1.8GHz
LTE FDD DL
1.8GHz
Coverage
3.5GHz 64T64R
3.5GHz Coverage
Page 7
LTE FDD UL + NR UL
Extended Coverage
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
NR
PUSCH
UL & DL Decoupling Bands Adopted in 3GPP R15 (~2017.12)
UL & DL Decoupling Bands
SA
NSA
(Two Bands)
NSA
(Three Bands)
NR n78 + NR n80 (SUL)
NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_1800M)
NR n78 + NR n81 (SUL)
NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_900M)
NR n78 + NR n82 (SUL)
NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_800M)
NR n78 + NR n83 (SUL)
NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_700M)
NR n78 + NR n84 (SUL)
NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_2100M)
NR n79 + NR n80 (SUL)
NR (4.4~5.0G + SUL_1800M)
NR n79 + NR n81 (SUL)
NR (4.4~5.0G + SUL_900M)
LTE Band3 + [ NR n78 + NR n80 (SUL)]
LTE 1800M + NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_1800M)
LTE Band8 + [ NR n78 + NR n81 (SUL)]
LTE 900M + NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_900M)
LTE Band20 + [ NR n78 + NR n82 (SUL)]
LTE 800M + NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_800M)
LTE Band28 + [ NR n78 + NR n83 (SUL)]
LTE 700M + NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_700M)
LTE Band1 + [ NR n78 + NR n84 (SUL)]
LTE 2100M + NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_2100M)
LTE Band3 + [ NR n79 + NR n80 (SUL)]
LTE 1800M + NR (4.4~5.0G + SUL_1800M)
LTE Band8 + [ NR n79 + NR n81 (SUL)]
LTE 900M + NR (4.4~5.0G + SUL_900M)
LTE Band3 + [ NR n78 + NR n82 (SUL)]
LTE 1800M + NR (3.3~3.8G + SUL_800M)
SUL: Supplementary Uplink
Page 8
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
SA: Huge UL Coverage Gap between 3.5GHz & 1.8GHz
C-Band with M-MIMO Provides Good DL
Coverage
ISD(m)
C-Band UL Coverage is Limited
ISD(m)
DL Edge Throughput
1000
1000
800
UL Edge Throughput
800
1.8G 4T4R
826
3.5G 64T64R
600
851
1.8G 4T4R
3.5G 64T64R
600
663
585
400
437
437
574
400
437
308
200
211
483
460
324
200
267
0
274
321
264
182
152
5Mbps
10Mbps
0
1Mbps
5Mbps
10Mbps
50Mbps
100Mbps
0.1Mbps
•
•
ISD=300m, 3.5GHz DL Throughput>50Mbps
•
ISD=400m, Both 3.5GHz & 1.8GHz DL Throughput>10Mbps
0.5Mbps
1Mbps
ISD=300m, 3.5GHz UL Throughput<5Mbps, 1.8GHz UL
Throughput>5Mbps
•
ISD=400m, 3.5GHz UL Throughput<1Mbps, 1.8GHz UL
Throughput>1Mbps
* Urban (Building height 20m) O2I，3GPP-Uma，1.8G@20MHz，3.5G@100MHz (4：1)
* Link budget based on 5G RAN 1.0
Page 9
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
SA: 3.5GHz UL & DL Gap ~7.8dB, 1.8GHz UL Can Improve ~8.3dB
3.5GHz UL & DL Gap Due to Tx Power & DL/UL
Ratio
1.8G UL Can Improve PUSCH Coverage ~8.3dB
3.5G 64T64R
1.8G 4T4R
3.5G 64T64R
~7.7dB
~8.3dB
3.5G(64R) PUSCH
5Mbps Coverage
3.5G(64R) PUSCH
5Mbps Coverage
3.5G(64T) PDSCH 50Mbps Coverage
Parameters
3.5G UL
(5Mbps)
3.5G DL
(50Mbps)
Tx power
26dB（400mW）
53dB（200W）
PRB
81
272
Penetration loss
26dB
26dB
1.8G(4R) PUSCH 5Mbps Coverage
Parameters
1.8G UL
(5Mbps)
3.5G UL
(5Mbps)
Bands
1.8GHz
3.5GHz
UE Tx power
23dBm
26dBm
Penetration loss
21dB
26dB
DL:UL
NA
4:1
BS antenna
4R
64R
Antenna gain(RX)
17dBi
10dBi
Noise figure
2.3dB
3.5dB
Antenna gain
10dBi
10dBi
Noise figure
3.5dB
7dB
Interference margin
3dB
8dB
Interference margin
5dB
3dB
Shadow fade margin
9dB
9dB
Shadow fade margin
9dB
9dB
* Based on 5G RAN 1.0
Page 10
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
SA: UL & DL Decoupling to Improve 3.5GHz UL Coverage & DL Experience
UL & DL Decoupling Improves 3.5GHz UL
Coverage
UL & DL Decoupling Improves 3.5GHz DL
Experience
DL
Throughput
UL
Throughput
10%~300%
8.3dB
DL User Experience
UL Coverage Gain
5Mbps
RSRP
Without decoupling
With decoupling
Decoupling can improve UL coverage &
experience
RSRP
Without decoupling
With decoupling
DL experience improved by UL experience
improvement
(UL impacts DL due to TCP feedback)
* Analysis based on 5G RAN 1.0
Page 11
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Live Demo of UL & DL Decoupling in London
73% C-band Coverage Extended
780m
With Decoupling
UL Throughput
1800MHz UL
Coverage Edge
Uplink <5Mbps as
Switch point
22Mbps
100000
@ 1.8G
UL
90000
80000
450m
70000
<5Mbps
60000
@ 3.5G
UL
50000
40000
C-Band UL
30000
Coverage Edge
20000
10000
• C-band 100MHz 64T64R
• 1.8GHz 10MHz 4T4R
• TUE 2T4R
• O2O NLOS
Page 12
0
Without
Decoupling
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
+11dB
(+73% Coverage)
UL & DL Decoupling Readiness in 5G RAN 2.0
Bands & Spectrum
UL & DL Decoupling Bands
5G NR@3.5GHz + LTE @1.8GHz
RF Modules
Spectrum
3.5G
LTE+5G NR SUL BW Requirement
SUL@1.8GHz: (1710~1875MHz)
LTE+NR
15MHz
Page 13
or
LTE+NR
20MHz
1800M
Control & BB Boards
RF Module (SUL ready)
xTxR
AAU5612
64T64R
AAU5613
64T64R
AAU5313
32T32R
RRU3939
2T2R
RRU3971
4T4R
RRU5901
4T4R
RRU5904
4T4R
RRU5501
4T4R
RRU3959
2T2R
RRU3632
2T4R
RRU3962
2T4R
RRU5905
2T2R
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Boards
LTE
5G NR
Control
UMPT
UMPTe
Baseband
UBBPd/e
UBBPfw1
UBBPfw1 supports：
3*100M 64T64R + 3*20M 4R
3*100M 32T32R + 3*20M 4R
Base Station Connection for UL & DL Decoupling
One BBU: BBU5900
Dual Star
Connection
LTE/NR
RRU
NR AAU
Two BBUs: BBU39x0 + BBU5900
CPRI MUX
Connection
LTE/NR
RRU
NR AAU
Dual Star
Connection
LTE/NR RRU
CPRI MUX
Connection
NR AAU
LTE/NR RRU
NR AAU
HEI interface
connection
UBBP(NR)
UBBP(L)
UMPT
UBBP(NR)
UBBP(L)
UBBP(NR)
UBBP(L)
UBBP(NR)
UBBP(L)
UMPTe
BBU5900
UMPT
UMPTe
BBU5900
UMPT
BBU39x0
UMPTe
BBU5900
UMPT
BBU39x0
UMPTe
BBU5900
Baseband Board--LTE: UBBPd/UBBPe; NR: UBBPfw1
Control Board--LTE: UMPT; NR: UMPTe (5G RAN 2.0 supports L & NR in one UMPTe)
Page 14
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Contents
 Driving Forces & Key Values
 Key Technologies
#1
UL & DL Decoupling is Not LTE & NR Decoupling
1
UL & DL Decoupling is using sub3G spectrum as NR SUL
(Supplemental Uplink) to improve 3.5GHz UL coverage
2
In 3.5GHz UL coverage, all NR UL channels are carried
in 3.5GHz
3
When UL & DL Decoupling enabled:
• NR PRACH, PUCCH & PUSCH carried in NR
SUL(Sub3G) spectrum
• NR 3.5GHz SRS still carried in 3.5GHz
• NR Sub3G SRS still carried in NR Sub3G spectrum
1
2
Page 16
3
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
#2
SRS Switching to Guarantee 3.5G DL Performance
NR UL & DL @
3.5GHz
NR SUL @ 1.8GHz
NR DL @ 3.5GHz
 3.5G SRS UL coverage is larger than
3.5GHz PUSCH
NR 3.5GHz
UL Coverage @xMbps
1.8GHz UL Coverage
NR 3.5GHz SRS Coverage
 SRS Switching : Stop scheduling on
1.8G PUSCH, and send SRS on UL
3.5GHz by time division
SRS Switching
SRS switching to guarantee
3.5GHz DL performance
SRS @ 3.5GHz
When SRS@3.5G Transmission TTI,
Stop Scheduling on 1.8G PUSCH
Page 17
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
2nd Harmonics Solution: Spectrum Allocation & DL Dodging
#3
2nd harmonics
Interference
f2
1710-1735
1735-1745
1745-1765
1765-1780
f1
3420-3470
3470-3490
3490-3530
3530-3560
2f2 : 3420~3570
f2 : 1710~1785
f1 : 3400~3600
•
Only exists when UL(1.8G) & DL(3.5G) transmit data simultaneously
•
Caused by band combination but not SUL (UL & DL Decoupling)
Spectrum allocation to avoid 2nd harmonics
DL dodging to eliminate 2nd harmonics
1.8G Spectrum
1710MHz
1785MHz
3.5G
• Edge users use maximum 1.8G 10MHz
for SUL, and affect maximum 3.5G DL
3400MHz
3500MHz
3600MHz
20MHz
DL dodging
20M
10M
2nd harmonics
Spectrum never
have 2nd
harmonics
Page 18
Spectrum without 2nd harmonics
1.8G
• Edge users can use remaining 80MHz,
and power converging will be used for
remaining bandwidth
:
3.6-3.8
3.7-3.9
4.4-4.9
4.8-5.0
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
#4 2nd Inter-modulation Solution: TDM or UL & DL Decoupling
2nd
f2-f1
inter-modulation
UE transmits UL signal in f1 & f2, frequency of 2nd inter-modulation (f2f1) is in the range of UE DL, which will cause interference
DL 1805~1880
f2 : 1710~1785
UL
f1 : 3400~3800
UL
UL TDM Mode
3.5G
UL & DL Decoupling
D D D S U D D D S U D D D S U D D D S U
Near Point: DL only in
3.5G, no 1.8G DL
Far Point: UL only in SUL
1.8G by UL & DL
Decoupling
1.8G
UL
NR 3.5G
NR UL TTI
LTE UL TTI
Blank
LTE and NR transmit in TDM manner (through LTE TDD
configuration)
Page 19
NR 1.8G
When UL & DL decoupling, UL only in SUL
1.8GHz
No 2nd inter-modulation interference
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
UL User Experience Can Impact DL User Experience
#5
3.5GHz Performance Simulation in Urban Scenario
400.0
3.5G
Throughput
350.0
Throughput(Mbps)
300.0
UL
Throughput
DL Throughput
（UDP, no feedback）
DL Throughput
（TCP, need feedback）
1.2Mbps
120.9Mbps
~30Mbps
0.1Mbps
52.9Mbps
~2Mbps
DL
250.0
DL Throughput (Mbps)
200.0
140
150.0
120.9Mbps
120
100.0
100
52.9Mbps
50.0
UL
0.0
0.0
100.0
1.2Mbps
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
ISD(m)
* 3.5G/64T64R/120w/NLOS O2I one wall penetration/100MHz
3.5G DL/UL Gap:
75%
80
0.1Mbps
600.0
Decrease
60
40
95%
20
Decrease
0
ISD 225m
•
Tx Power Gap: 400mw vs 120W
•
DL & UL Ratio: 3:1
DL Throughput
(no feedback)
ISD 450m
DL Throughput
(feedback)
*Simulation result may be updated
according to latest result
Based on TCP feedback, DL throughput could be limited by UL throughput
Page 20
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
20
#6-1
Random Access & SCG Addition Procedure(NSA)
UE
LTE eNB
LTE eNB sends measurement
configuration to requests UE to
measures DL RSRP & Beam ID
of NR cell according to B1 event
EPC
If DL RSRP satisfied the B1
threshold, UE sends
measurement report of NR cell to
LTE eNB
LTE
NR
2
UE random
access in LTE
eNB
NR UL @ f1 or NR SUL@
f2?
NR UL @ F1
LTE eNB initials SCG addition
procedure to NR gNB (carrying DL
RSRP & Beam ID of NR cell), and
adds NR cell as SCG
NR Cell selects UL carrier for UE by
DL RSRP carried from LTE eNB (NR
UL or NR SUL), and allocate preamble
for UE by Beam ID
1
NR SUL @ F2
NR gNB
LTE eNB sends NSA DC and UL
& DL decoupling information to
UE by RRC re-configuration
message
NR gNB starts to LTE eNB with
message of SCG addition
success, and carries UL carrier
selection & UE preamble
UE starts access to NR cell by
preamble in UL carrier which
selected by NR gNB
*NR gNB includes NR and SUL NR
Page 21
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
#6-2
Random Access & UL Carrier Selection(SA)
3.5G DL RSRP <
NRCellSul.RsrpThld
3.5G DL RSRP >
NRCellSul.RsrpThld
NR UL @ f1
NR SUL @ f2
NR gNB
UE
SS/System information @ f1
RSRP threshold
Access @ f1 or f2
•
•
UE measures DL RSRP and select a suitable
carrier for UL access
Page 22
NR DL(f1) PBCH
(including
NRCellSul.RsrpThld)
NR DL(f1) PBCH
(including
NRCellSul.RsrpThld)
MSG1（Preamble）
NR UL(f1) PRACH
MSG1（Preamble）
NR SUL(f2) PRACH
MSG2（RAR）
NR DL(f1) PDCCH
MSG2（RAR）
NR DL(f1) PDCCH
MSG3（RRC Request）
NR UL(f1) PUSCH
MSG3（RRC Request）
NR SUL(f2) PUSCH
MSG4（RRC Setup）
NR DL(f1) PDSCH
MSG4（RRC Setup）
NR DL(f1) PDSCH
MSG5（RRC Setup
Comp.）
NR UL(f1) PUSCH
MSG5（RRC Setup
Comp.）
NR SUL(f2) PUSCH
gNB indicates the UL information and threshold for
UE UL selection
NR gNB
UE
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
#6-3
UL Carrier Change (NSA & SA)
NR gNB
UE
f2 to f1
NR UL @ f1
Sends measurements request (DL RSRP)
f1 to f2
Reports measurement result (DL RSRP)
NR SUL @ f2
PUCCH carrier change (f1 to f2 or f2 to f1)
RRC re-configuration
Schedules PUSCH @ f1 or f2
DCI
Measurement report
Feedback PUCCH carrier change finish
RRC re-configuration complete message@ f1 or f2
Carrier change indication
PUSCH @ f1 or f2
•
•
UE reports DL RSRP information to gNB
•
gNB indicates UE to change UL carrier
•
•
Page 23
DL RSRP < NRCellSul.RsrpThld – Hys, UL carrier changes from
NR UL @ f1 to NR SUL @ f2
DL RSRP > NRCellSul.RsrpThld + Hys, UL carrier changes from
NR SUL @ f2 to NR UL @ f1
±Hys to avoid f1 & f2 change frequently
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
#7
Mobility Management (NSA)
UE
MN
1. MN decides whether UE can use
Option3/3X based on UE
capability/QCI/network configuration.
SN
1. SgNB Addition Request
(carry SCG-ConfigInfo)
S-GW
MME
2.SN decides whether UE can use
Option3/3X based on its
configuration.
2. SgNB Addition Request Acknowledge
(carry SCG-Config)
3. RRCConnectionReconfiguration 3. MN transfer RRC connection
reconfiguration to UE, indicate
UE to access from f1 or f2
4. RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
4. UE reply RRC connection
reconfiguration complete
5. MN reply reconfiguration to SN
5. SgNB Reconfiguration Complete
6. Random Access Procedure
6. UE access on SN from f1
or f2
7. SN Status Transfer
8. Data Forwarding
7/8. SN Status transfer and data
forwarding
9-12. change S1-U address from
MN’s to SN’s
Path Update procedure
9. E-RAB Modification Indication
10. Bearer Modication
11. End Marker Packet
12. E-RAB Modification Confirmation
* Mobility Management in NSA UL & DL decoupling is same as NSA DC. RRC
reconfiguration message indicates UE to access from f1 or f2
Page 24
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Thank
You