Humanistic
Approach
Person Centered Theory and its Application to
Counselling
PSY135
Presented By :
Maana Shakeeb (s070008)
Aishath Suma (s079831)
Agenda
1
Introduction & Basic Assumptions
2
Key Concepts
3
The Six Conditions for Therapeutic Change
4
Application in Counselling
5
Goals of Person Centered Therapy
5
Conclusion
Introduction
Developed in the 1940s by Carl Rogers.
He believed that every individual is unique and everyone has the
ability to manage thier own world or life.
In this theory, it is assumed that all humans are inherently good
and have an innate tendency to develop towards their full
potential.
Used to treat various mental health issues and can be applied
multicultural settings and even in crisis interventions
(Corey, 2015)
Key Concepts
Conditions of Worth
The qualities we believe we need, or
the standards and requirements we
try to meet in order to gain
acceptance, affection, and respect
from the people around us.
Eg: - Work hard to be
successful
- Men don't cry
(Seligman and Reichenberg, 2010)
Organismic Valuing Process
Referred to as our "real self".
The authentic self we are born with.
Strives naturally towards maturity,
growth and self-actualization.
It is the "gut feeling" or the sixth sense
in our subconscious that knows what
we need from the people and
environment around us.
(Seligman and Reichenberg, 2010)
Key Concepts
Fully Functioning Person
Open to both positive and negative
experiences
Trusts one's own feelings (instincts
and gut feeling)
Existential living (living in the
present moment)
Creativity in thinking and
risk taking
Satisfied with life
(Rogers, 1959)
Self-Actualization
People must be in a condition of
congruence in order to be their best
selves.
A person has reached selfactualization when their behaviours
reflect their "ideal self," or the
person they want to be.
Each person has the capacity and
desire to grow and change.
(Rogers, 1959)
The Six Conditions
for Therapeutic
Change
Step 3
Step 2
Step 1
Psychological
contact is formed
between client
and therapist
Client feels
incongruent
with one's self
(emotionally
distressed)
Therapist is
congruent
(genuine or
authentic)
towards client
and oneself
Step 6
Step 5
Step 4
Therapist
shows
unconditional
positive regard
(UPR) towards
the client.
The client's
internal frame
of reference is
experienced
with empathetic
understanding
by the therapist
Client
recognizes the
empathetic
understanding
and UPR
therapist has
towards them
(Tudor and Worall, 2006)
PCT Interventions in Counselling
Genuiness and
Congruence
Unconditional
Positive Regard
Empathetic
Understanding
Therapists always
Your therapist will
always embrace and
respect you for who
you are and give
compassion and
support, despite
what you deal with
or experience.
Your therapist will serve
as a mirror for your
emotions and ideas.
They will strive to
understand you and will
be mindful of and
sensitive to your
experience and point of
view.
react with their own
thoughts and feelings,
allowing them to
communicate
truthfully and openly
with their clients.
(Capuzzi and Stauffer, 2016)
PCT
Techniques in
Counselling
Active
Listening
Use physical steps such as maintaining
appropriate eye contact, facing clients and
encouraging gestures such as nodding and
leaning towards the client.
Reflection of
Content &
Feelings
Look deeper into surface interactions to recognize
emotions or thoughts that clients are not aware of
showing and convey it back to them for further
exploration
Immediacy
Focusing on the present moment by using a
here-and-now approach to the feelings of the
client and the counselor-client relationship
Appropriate
Counsellor Self
Disclosure
Counselor's and clients experiences or frame of
reference is open for comparison during therapy
sessions as the client values and sees the
counselor as a significant person in their life
(Capuzzi and Stauffer, 2016)
Goals of
Person
Centered
Therapy
01
Create maturity and personal growth
02
Reduce or eliminate feelings of anxiety and distress
03
Boost openness to new experiences and self-confidence
04
Enhance the client’s understanding of him- or herself
05
Diminish feelings of guilt, defensiveness and insecurity
05
Foster healthier relationships
(Corey, 2015)
Conclusion
Any
Ques
tion
s?
Thank
You!
Resources
Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2016). Counselling and Psychotherapy: Theories and Interventions, Sixth
Edition. Alexandria, Virginia: American Counseling Association.
Corey, G. (2015). Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy, Tenth Edition. Boston: Cengage
Learning.
Rogers, Carl R., and Ruth C. Sanford. "Client-Centered Psychotherapy." In Comprehensive Textbook of
Psychiatry, V. Ed. H. I. Kaplan and B. J. Sadock. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1989.
Rogers, Carl R. "A Theory of Therapy, Personality, and Interpersonal Relationships, as Developed in the
Client-Centered Framework." In Psychology, A Study of a Science. Vol. III: Formulations of the Person and
the Social Context. Ed. Sigmund Koch. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959.
Seligman, L., & Reichenberg, L. (2010). Theories ofCounseling and Psychotherapy: Systems, Strategies,
and Skills, Third Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
Tudor, K., & Worrall, M. (2006). Person-Centered Therapy: A Clinical Philosophy. New York: Routledge.