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"There are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""six"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <u>classes</u> of nutrients. List them.""There are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">six</span> <u>classes</u> of nutrients. List them.<br>
<ul><li>Carbohydrate</li><li>Lipids</li><li>Protein</li><li>Vitamins </li><li>Minerals</li><li>Water</li></ul>"
Provide <u>energy</u> during metabolism; must be replenished daily<ul><li>Carbohydrate</li><li>Lipids</li><li>Protein</li></ul>
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Minerals and vitamins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> yield <u>no energy</u> in the body; help <u>facilitate</u> energy release""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Minerals and vitamins</span> yield <u>no energy</u> in the body; help <u>facilitate</u> energy release<br>
"
Medium in which all body processes take place Water
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Macronutrients"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are nutrients required in larger (grams) amounts""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Macronutrients</span> are nutrients required in larger (grams) amounts<br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Micronutrients"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are required in relatively smaller amounts (mg) ""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Micronutrients</span> are required in relatively smaller amounts (mg) <br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, and Water"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are the <u>four</u> types of macronutrients""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Carbohydrates, Lipids, Protein, and Water</span> are the <u>four</u> types of macronutrients<br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Minerals and Vitamins"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are the <u>two</u> types of micronutrients""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Minerals and Vitamins</span> are the <u>two</u> types of micronutrients<br>
"
Chemical energy released from the foods we eat; measured in kilocaloriesFood energy
Food energyChemical energy released from the foods we eat; measured in kilocalories
"1 kcal = <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""1000 calories&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> ?""1 kcal = <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">1000 calories </span> ?<br>
"
"Wilbur Olin Atwater measured the energy provided by food using the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""calorimeter&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Wilbur Olin Atwater measured the energy provided by food using the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">calorimeter </span><br>
"
Carbohydrate and protein energy contribution4 kcal/g
4 kcal/gCarbohydrate and protein energy contribution
Lipid energy contribution9 kcal/g
9 kcal/gLipid energy contribution
Alcohol energy contribution 7 kcal/g
7 kcal/gAlcohol energy contribution 
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DRI"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> defines the amount of energy, nutrients, and other dietary components that best support health; used for planning and assessing diets""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DRI</span> defines the amount of energy, nutrients, and other dietary components that best support health; used for planning and assessing diets<br>
"
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"
Used as guides for intakes when there is insufficient evidence to determine an RDA; based on scientfic judgementAdequate Intakes (AI)
Adequate Intakes (AI)Used as guides for intakes when there is insufficient evidence to determine an RDA; based on scientfic judgement
<u>Estimated</u> average daily nutrient levels required to meet/maintain body function in half (50%) of healthy individuals; basis for RDAEstimated Average Requirements (EAR)
Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)<u>Estimated</u> average daily nutrient levels required to meet/maintain body function in half (50%) of healthy individuals; basis for RDA
Recommendation for almost everyone; set well above EAR (covers about 98% of the population)Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA)
Recommended Daily Allowances (RDA)Recommendation for almost everyone; set well above EAR (covers about 98% of the population)
<u>Maximum</u> amount of a nutrient that appears safeTolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)<u>Maximum</u> amount of a nutrient that appears safe
"
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var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
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var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
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amask.style.display = 'block'
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var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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</div>
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</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
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aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
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amask.style.display = 'block'
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<u>Average</u> dietary intake that is predicted to <u>maintain energy</u> balnce in healthy  adults; based on age, gender, weight, etc.Estimated Energy Requirements (EER)
Estimated Energy Requirements (EER)<u>Average</u> dietary intake that is predicted to <u>maintain energy</u> balnce in healthy  adults; based on age, gender, weight, etc.
<u>Ranges</u> of intakes for the <u>energy-yielding</u> nutrients Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)<u>Ranges</u> of intakes for the <u>energy-yielding</u> nutrients 
A nutritious diet has the following six characteristics:Adequacy<br>Balance<br>kCalorie (energy) control<br>Nutrient density<br>Moderation<br>Variety
"A(n) <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""adequate"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> diet has <i><u>enough</u></i> energy, <i><u>enough</u></i> of every nutrient, and fiber to maintain health""A(n) <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">adequate</span> diet has <i><u>enough</u></i> energy, <i><u>enough</u></i> of every nutrient, and fiber to maintain health<br>
"
"A(n) <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""balanced"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> diet contains a combination of food choices that does not <i>overemphasize</i> one nutrient or food type at the expense of another""A(n) <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">balanced</span> diet contains a combination of food choices that does not <i>overemphasize</i> one nutrient or food type at the expense of another<br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""kcalorie (energy) control"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: <a>foods provide the <u>amount of energy</u> needed to maintain a healthy body weight--not more, not less</a>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">kcalorie (energy) control</span>: <a>foods provide the <u>amount of energy</u> needed to maintain a healthy body weight--not more, not less</a><br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Nutrient density"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> promotes adequacy and energy control; foods that deliver the <i>most nutrients</i> for the least food energy<br><br>Ex. <a>grapes and soda have the same amount of kcalories, but grapes deliver more nutrients</a>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Nutrient density</span> promotes adequacy and energy control; foods that deliver the <i>most nutrients</i> for the least food energy<br><br>Ex. <a>grapes and soda have the same amount of kcalories, but grapes deliver more nutrients</a><br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Moderation&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> <a>contributes to adequacy, balance, and kcalorie control; eating the <i>right</i> amount of foods to maintain health<br><br>Ex. A person who practices <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""moderation"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> eats such foods only <i>on occasion</i> and <i>regularly</i> selects foods low in solid fats and added sugar.</a>""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Moderation </span> <a>contributes to adequacy, balance, and kcalorie control; eating the <i>right</i> amount of foods to maintain health<br><br>Ex. A person who practices <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">moderation</span> eats such foods only <i>on occasion</i> and <i>regularly</i> selects foods low in solid fats and added sugar.</a><br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Variety"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> improves adequacy; the foods chosen differ from one day to the next (wide selection)<br><br>Ex. strawberries are rich in vitamin A while apricots are rich in vitamin C""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Variety</span> improves adequacy; the foods chosen differ from one day to the next (wide selection)<br><br>Ex. strawberries are rich in vitamin A while apricots are rich in vitamin C<br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Food labels"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> provide information needed by consumer to make food selections to help meet nutrtional and health goals ""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Food labels</span> provide information needed by consumer to make food selections to help meet nutrtional and health goals <br>
"
"%<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""DV"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>: benchmark on how much a serving contributes to overall intake ""%<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">DV</span>: benchmark on how much a serving contributes to overall intake <br>
%DV is Daily Value<br><br>%DV = amount in serving/recommended intake"
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The <u>physiological</u> need to eat; a drive to obtain foodHunger
HungerThe <u>physiological</u> need to eat; a drive to obtain food
the feeling of fullness and satisfaction after a meal; inhibits eating until next mealSatiety
Satietythe feeling of fullness and satisfaction after a meal; inhibits eating until next meal
the (mainly <u>psychosocial</u>) <i>desire</i> to eat; can be from hunger though has other causes (i.e., emotional)Appetite
Appetitethe (mainly <u>psychosocial</u>) <i>desire</i> to eat; can be from hunger though has other causes (i.e., emotional)
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""hunger and satiety"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are regulated by the brain, more specifically the hypothalamus; sometimes over-ridden by appetite""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">hunger and satiety</span> are regulated by the brain, more specifically the hypothalamus; sometimes over-ridden by appetite<br>
"
Hormone produced by <u>G cells</u> in the stomach; triggered by the entry of food in stomachGastrin
Hormone released from the duodenum when stomach acid contents arrive (when pH is below 4.5)Secretin
Hormone produced by duodenum to lipid rich chymeCholecystokinin (CKK)
Cholecystokinin (CCK) actionstimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and of bile from the gall bladder
Gastrin action promotes the release of HCL; controls the release of pepsin
Secretin actioninhibits gastric motility and gastrin; neutralizes chyme via stimulation of bicarbonate secretion form pancreas
Hormone produced by the duodenum (think glucose)Gastric-Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)
Gastric-Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) actionInhibits gastric motility and acid secretion; stimulates the release of insulin from pancreas in response of glucose infusions
There are <i>three</i> types of monosaccahrides (single-unit sugars)<ul><li>Glucose</li><li>Fructose</li><li>Galactose</li></ul>
"Also called ""blood sugar""<i>, </i>the<i> <u>most</u></i> important carbohydrate found in dissacharides and polysaccharides"Glucose
Glucose"Also called ""blood sugar""<i>, </i>the<i> <u>most</u></i> important carbohydrate found in dissacharides and polysaccharides"
"Known as ""fruit sugar"", found naturally in fruits, vegetables, honey, and part of table sugar; along with glucose most common monosaccharide in nature"Fructose
Mostly occurs as part of lactose, rarely occurs alone in food; byproduct of digestionGalactose
There are <u>three</u> types of dissacharides<ul><li>Maltose</li><li>Sucrose</li><li>Lactose</li></ul>
Form a bond between two compounds; water is released<br><br>Ex. Glucose + Glucose --> MaltoseCondensation
Bond between two compunds is broken; water is required for reaction<br><br>Ex. Maltose --> Gluocse + GlucoseHydrolysis
"Not naturally occurring in foods though is produced whenever starch breaks down (in plants) and during carbohydrate digestion (in humans)<br><br>Hint: Glucose + Glucose, ""plant sugar"""Maltose
"""Table sugar""<br>Hint: Glucose + Fructose"Sucrose
"""Milk sugar""<br>Hint: Glucose + Galactose "Lactose 
More than two monosaccharides, composed almost entirely of glucose Polysaccharide
There are three types of polysaccharides<ul><li>Glycogen</li><li>Starch</li><li>Fiber</li></ul>
Highly branched molecules made of chains of glucose; important role in carbohydrate <u>storage</u> in the body (liver, muscles)Glycogen
Multiple glucose units (branched or unbranched); comes from plants (grains, beans, potatoes, etc.); major source of digestible CHOStarch
Structural part of plants, found in all plant-derived food; similar to starch but bonds are held tightly together in which human enzymes cannot break –indigestible (exception for bacteria)Fibers
Non-digestible part of plants, found naturally in foods<br><br>Ex. rice, seeds, legumesDietary fiber
Non-digestible carbohydrate extracted from plants and added to foods<br><br>E.g., cellulose, guar gum, pectin, psyllium, hemicellulose)Functional fiber
There are two classifications for fiber <ul><li>Soluble</li><li>Insoluble</li></ul>
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Soluble fibers"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> absorb water to form a gel; readily digested by bacteria in the large intestine, producing gasses; slow GI motility""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Soluble fibers</span> absorb water to form a gel; readily digested by bacteria in the large intestine, producing gasses; slow GI motility<br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Insoluble fibers"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> do not absorb in water and do not form a gel; non-fermentable (enhanced satiety) ""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Insoluble fibers</span> do not absorb in water and do not form a gel; non-fermentable (enhanced satiety) <br>
"
Live microorganisms provided in foods and dietary supplements; have health benefits in sufficient amountsProbiotics
ProbioticsLive microorganisms provided in foods and dietary supplements; have health benefits in sufficient amounts
non-digestible substances in foods (food for probiotics)Prebiotics
Prebioticsnon-digestible substances in foods (food for probiotics)
Combined use of both pro- and prebiotics such as lactobacillus and insulinsSynbiotics
SynbioticsCombined use of both pro- and prebiotics such as lactobacillus and insulins
Bioactive compounds that are produced when probiotic bacteria consume prebiotic fiber in the colonPostbiotics
PostbioticsBioactive compounds that are produced when probiotic bacteria consume prebiotic fiber in the colon
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""prebiotics"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are found in fruits and vegetables (e.g., asparagus, garlic, banana, etc.); <i>promote</i> growth of <u>good</u> bacteria within large intestine""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">prebiotics</span> are found in fruits and vegetables (e.g., asparagus, garlic, banana, etc.); <i>promote</i> growth of <u>good</u> bacteria within large intestine<br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""probiotics"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> improves host's intestinal microbial balance""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">probiotics</span> improves host's intestinal microbial balance<br>
"
"Carbohydrate recommendations:<br>RDA of <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""130 g"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of digestible carbs/day for adults (adequate for brain function)<br>Total carbohydrate: <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">45-65%</span> caloric input""Carbohydrate recommendations:<br>RDA of <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">130 g</span> of digestible carbs/day for adults (adequate for brain function)<br>Total carbohydrate: <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""2"">45-65%</span> caloric input<br>
200-330 g/day for men<br>180-230 g/day for women"
"Carbohydrate recommendations:<br>RDA of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">130 g</span> of digestible carbs/day for adults (adequate for brain function)<br>Total carbohydrate: <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""45-65%"" data-ordinal=""2"">[...]</span> caloric input""Carbohydrate recommendations:<br>RDA of <span class=""cloze-inactive"" data-ordinal=""1"">130 g</span> of digestible carbs/day for adults (adequate for brain function)<br>Total carbohydrate: <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""2"">45-65%</span> caloric input<br>
200-330 g/day for men<br>180-230 g/day for women"
"Total fiber:<br>25-38 g/day dietary + functional (<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""~14 g/1000 kcal/day"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>)<br>Added sugar:<br>limit to 10% or less (~12.5g for a 2000 kcal/day diet)""Total fiber:<br>25-38 g/day dietary + functional (<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">~14 g/1000 kcal/day</span>)<br>Added sugar:<br>limit to 10% or less (~12.5g for a 2000 kcal/day diet)<br>
"
"Base unit of lipids is <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""fatty acids&nbsp&#x3B;"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""Base unit of lipids is <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">fatty acids </span><br>
"
Chain of carbons with hydrogen atoms along one end (methyl end) and carboxyl group at other end (-COOH) (acid end)Fatty acids
Lipids are classified in two ways. List them<ul><li>Chain length</li><li>Level of saturation</li></ul>
refers to the number of H atoms the carbons in the fatty acid are holdingSaturation
Maximum number of H atoms, without C-C double bondsSaturated fatty acid (SFA)
Addition of a double bond in between the chainUnsaturated 
Fatty acid with 1 double bond Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)
Fatty acid with more than 1 double bondPolyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)
n-6 or omega-6 fatty acidLinoleic acid
n-3 or omega-3Linolenic acid
Two fatty acids that <u>cannot</u> be synthesized in the body and must be obtained from diet are:<ul><li>Linoleic acid</li><li>Linolenic acid</li></ul>
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""linoleic acids"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are found in seeds of plants and their oils (e.g., corn oil, sunflower oil)""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">linoleic acids</span> are found in seeds of plants and their oils (e.g., corn oil, sunflower oil)<br>
"
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""linolenic acids"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> are primarily found in flaxseed and flaxseed oil; also in fatty fish and fish oils (salmon and salmon oil)""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">linolenic acids</span> are primarily found in flaxseed and flaxseed oil; also in fatty fish and fish oils (salmon and salmon oil)<br>
"
There are three subclasses of lipids found in the human body:<ul><li>Triglycerides</li><li>Phospholipids</li><li>Sterols</li></ul>
fats and oils; chief form of fats in foods (95% of all fats consumed in our diet); major storage form of fats in the body<br><br>Hint: composed of three fatty acid moleculesTriglycerides 
"The <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""shape"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> of a triglyceride is determined by the saturation and by the type of double bond ""The <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">shape</span> of a triglyceride is determined by the saturation and by the type of double bond <br>
SFAs can be packed tightly together and are solid at room temperature (animal  fats, etc.)<br>UFAs do not stack well and are liquid at room temperature (plant oils)"
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else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""c1fdd8083f084a368b1fe357b7ef5333-ao-3-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screen Shot 2023-04-16 at 9.58.15 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""c1fdd8083f084a368b1fe357b7ef5333-ao-3-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screen Shot 2023-04-16 at 9.58.15 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
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aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
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var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
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</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""c1fdd8083f084a368b1fe357b7ef5333-ao-4-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screen Shot 2023-04-16 at 9.58.15 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
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var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
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mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
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</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""c1fdd8083f084a368b1fe357b7ef5333-ao-4-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screen Shot 2023-04-16 at 9.58.15 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
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amask.style.display = 'block'
}
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aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
The addition of hydrogen atoms to monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids creating trans fatty acids<br><br>Ex. liquid fats (oils) --> solid form (think margarine)Hydrogenation
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""64a0ca198efd4218b9cc687ce4eb6c64-ao-1-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screen Shot 2023-04-16 at 10.03.03 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
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if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
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mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""64a0ca198efd4218b9cc687ce4eb6c64-ao-1-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screen Shot 2023-04-16 at 10.03.03 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
"
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""64a0ca198efd4218b9cc687ce4eb6c64-ao-2-Q.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screen Shot 2023-04-16 at 10.03.03 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<div id=""io-footer""></div>
<script>
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
""
<div id=""io-header""></div>
<div id=""io-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-overlay""><img src=""64a0ca198efd4218b9cc687ce4eb6c64-ao-2-A.svg"" /></div>
<div id=""io-original""><img src=""Screen Shot 2023-04-16 at 10.03.03 PM.png"" /></div>
</div>
<button id=""io-revl-btn"" onclick=""toggle();"">Toggle Masks</button>
<div id=""io-extra-wrapper"">
<div id=""io-extra"">
</div>
</div>
<script>
// Toggle answer mask on clicking the image
var toggle = function() {
var amask = document.getElementById('io-overlay');
if (amask.style.display === 'block' || amask.style.display === '')
amask.style.display = 'none';
else
amask.style.display = 'block'
}
// Prevent original image from loading before mask
aFade = 50, qFade = 0;
var mask = document.querySelector('#io-overlay>img');
function loaded() {
var original = document.querySelector('#io-original');
original.style.visibility = ""visible"";
}
if (mask === null || mask.complete) {
loaded();
} else {
mask.addEventListener('load', loaded);
}
</script>
"
Fatty acid that behaves like saturated fat in the bodyTrans fatty acid
Major component of cellular membranes; soluble in water (hydrophillic head) and soluble in lipid (hydrophobic tail)Phospholipids
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Lecithin"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> is a common phsopholipid used as an emulsifier in foods such as margarine and chocolate. Composed of a molecule called choline ""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Lecithin</span> is a common phsopholipid used as an emulsifier in foods such as margarine and chocolate. Composed of a molecule called choline <br>
Made up of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group along with choline"
Lipids containing multiple <u>rings</u> of carbon atoms<br><br>Ex. (vitamin D, sex hormones)Sterols
"<span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""Sterols"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> emulsify fat, are chemical messengers, and are involved in bone metabolism""<span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">Sterols</span> emulsify fat, are chemical messengers, and are involved in bone metabolism<br>
"
"fats are not digested/absorbed easily beacuse they are <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""insoluble"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in water. Most digestion occurs in the <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""small intestine"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>""fats are not digested/absorbed easily beacuse they are <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">insoluble</span> in water. Most digestion occurs in the <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">small intestine</span><br>
"
There are four different types of lipoproteins<ul><li>Chylomicrons</li><li>Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)</li><li>Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)</li><li>High-density lipoproteins (HDL)</li></ul>
transport lipids the lymphatic systemChylomicrons
type of lipoprotein made by liver cells to transport lipids to various tissue in the body; primarily made up of triglyceridesVery-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)
derived from VLDL as cells remove triglycerides from them; carries cholesterol and triglycerides from liver to cells of the body; primarily composed of cholesterolLow-density lipoproteins (LDL)
transport cholesterol back to liver from peripheral cells; primarily composed of proteinHigh-density lipoproteins (HDL)
"The more <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""lipids"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span> in the lipoprotein molecule, the lower the density; the more <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""protein"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>, the higher the density""The more <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">lipids</span> in the lipoprotein molecule, the lower the density; the more <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">protein</span>, the higher the density<br>
Protein takes up more space"
"Protein Recommendations:<br>AMDR for adults is 10-35% of daily caloric intake<br>More accurate estimate is based on body weight <span class=""cloze"" data-cloze=""(0.8g"" data-ordinal=""1"">[...]</span>/kg body weight)""Protein Recommendations:<br>AMDR for adults is 10-35% of daily caloric intake<br>More accurate estimate is based on body weight <span class=""cloze"" data-ordinal=""1"">(0.8g</span>/kg body weight)<br>
"
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