1
For most Holocaust survivors, the ordeal did not end when the war ended after
battling with the Nazi forces and the liberation of the camps. Surprisingly, the Jewish
groups in the U.S forces ensured that the U.S. met its commitments and saved the human life
of hundreds of a multitude of prisoner of war camp surviving victims. The Nazi Genocide
had long-lasting and far-reaching repercussions for surviving Jewish victims and the entire
globe1. These repercussions are described in-depth, including the survivors' personal
experiences and crosswise explanation of exposure camp inmates' responsive interventions
and the protracted psychopathology and psychosocial impacts on trauma survivors. The
Holocaust's secondary impacts have exhibited themselves in various instances, most notably
through varying concentrations of psychological refusal presented by Holocaust perpetrators and
throughout the beginning of the postwar era, through the German government. The Genocide has
presented a deep impact on how Jews perceive individuals and view themselves. This work
examines the difficulties encountered by Victims of the War in the aftereffects of their liberation.
Genocide forms a major wellspring of a human's experience with violence. Contrary
to popular belief, mass murder is not uncommon during the civil war. For example, between
1955 - 2001, there were 35 occurrences of mass murder in 126 military conflicts and military
dictatorship collapses. The tremendous violence in mass slaughter has a primarily strong
1
Barel, Efrat. Van Ijzendoorn, Marinus, H. Sagi-Schwartz, Abraham. BakermansKranenburg, Marian, J. 2010. “Surviving the Holocaust: A Meta-Analysis of the Long-Term
Sequelae of a Genocide.” Psychological Bulletin 136 (5): 677-698.
Https://www.academia.edu/15050371/surviving_the_Holocaust_A_meta_analysis_of_the_lo
ng_term_sequelae_of_a_genocide
2
psychological impact on the people and the general public2. Furthermore, considering the
depth of mass murder, the consequences of the Holocaust appear to linger in a traumatized
society for extended durations. Research has investigated how these genocides, which
frequently capture masculine adults, impact long-term conceptions of the survivors and the
general community connected to the surviving victims3. For example, researchers display
indications that the Genocide encountered during WWII impacts the mental well-being of
surviving victims and societies even sixty years later.
Furthermore, like in South Korea, the post-war ideological framework is a significant
component and struggle for survivors. South Korea, for example, has been governed by three
autocratic governments since the civil war, with a one-year interference of the shortlasted representative leadership. The categorization of anti-communist philosophy that
underscored a confinement anti-communist attitude within and between South Korean people
and economic resilience to avert and destroy future incitement was a commonality for the
three dictatorial eras4. The massive push against North Korea prohibited any other viewpoints
than powerful backing for the credibility of South Korean authorities, depriving countless
people of political participation and a range of social requirements. To maintain the stringent
anti-communist ideological position in the face of evolving conditions, the dictatorships
utilized various legal initiatives, including the Anti-Communism Legislation, National
safety Regulation, and the crisis initiatives. This zealous anti-communist movement
discouraged survivors of civilian murders throughout the military conflict from even
2
Diamond, Shira and Natti Ronel. 2019. "From Bondage to Liberation: The Forgiveness
Case of Holocaust Survivor Eva Mozes Kor." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment &
Trauma 28 (8): 996-1016. doi:10.1080/10926771.2018.1468376.
3
Chodoff, Paul. 1997. "The Holocaust and Its Effects on Survivors: An Overview." Political
Psychology 18 (1): 147-157. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3791989.
4
Koch, Anna. 2020. 'but there is always hope in the human heart': Italian Jews' Search for
the Deported in the Immediate Aftermath of the Holocaust. Holocaust and genocide studies.
34 (2): 295–314.
3
discussing the occurrence of violent actions. Conversely, casualties of killings were
stereotyped as communist partisans or associates without solid substantiation or prosecution,
and family associates, companions, and the neighborhood of the survivors were accused and
treated unfairly under formalized conviction laws5. In such contexts, survivors, audiences,
and innocent civilians of terror had to make special attempts to demonstrate their compliance
with the authorities to distance their connections to the survivors of aggression and the
guilt of becoming communist partisans or associates.
Furthermore, the traumatization and stereotyping impacts in these occurrences refer to
the immediate consequences of susceptibility to extremism. These impacts pertain to postwar victims living in violence-prone regions where their immediate family, primarily fathers,
witnessed or were victims of brutality against innocent citizens6. In essence, stigma
repercussions reflect the impact of formalized discriminatory practices that existed
throughout the post-war era, as a result of the legislation, entities, community, and culture,
which subjugated families, friends, and neighborhoods of Diverse post-war aspects of
prejudice have encouraged post-war groupings of violence-prone regions to distinguish
individuals from the perpetrators of assault by demonstrating massive backing for the
survivors.7 Because war and aggression have been common occurrences over the last century,
researchers have amassed a large body of evidence-based substantiation on the
traumatization consequences of wartime conflict. Evidence suggests that traumatic
5
Lanicek, Jan. 2017. "Review Article: Long Shadows of the Shoah: The 'Aftermath' in
Holocaust Historiography." History 102 (350): 271-286. doi:10.1111/1468-229X.12404.
6
Miller, Joy Ehrlichman. 1996. "Coping strategies and adaptation mechanisms utilized by
female Holocaust survivors from the Auschwitz Concentration Camp." Walden University.
https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=hodgkinson.
7
Patterson, David. 1995. "The Annihilation of Exits: The Problem of Liberation in the
Holocaust Memoir." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 9 (2): 208-230.
doi:10.1093/hgs/9.2.208.
4
experiences can impact a person's viewpoint for a long time, even after the anxiety
episodes occur at an early point in life; thus, the stress is held by victims and expressed by the
public8.
The narrative of forgiveness commences with the narration of trauma episodes and the
lingering, torturous scars. This impact has been outlined in the observations, particularly
when individuals mention how, although the persons are immortal, the stress endures in the
survivor's imagination and thus continues to rule the person's life9. The suspect's intrinsic
globe is a realm of stigmatization in which the person is to utilize a forgiveness interpretation.
Assessment has determined that the sensation of "blank circular pattern" is related to this
stigmatization, explaining the influential and ever impression of insignificance that has been
discovered to be prevalent among victims10. In analyses, trauma has been shown to detach the
bonds connecting an individual to the entire human race, as survivors are whittled down to
entities by their persecutors, and their autonomy is considered valueless. Collaborating across
the impacts of trauma entails rebranding the self—both the intrinsic self and the outer reality.
Likewise, promoters of positive victimization assert that the mistreating event is typically a
profound mental force on multiple levels11. As a result, the feedback to these perceptions
should emphasize inclusion on any threshold.
Perverse actions, to varying degrees, were almost widespread among the inmates who
proceeded to fight for their lives and, conversely, likely functioned in an adaptive role. Some
Vrzgulová, Monika. 2018. "The memory of the return of Slovak Holocaust survivors in
Jewish and Non-Jewish testimonies." Judaica Bohemiae 53: 53-76.
8
9
Bartov, Omer. 2015. The Holocaust: origins, implementation, the aftermath. 2nd. London:
Routledge
10
Bauer, Yehuda and Nathan Rotenstreich. 1981. The Holocaust as Historical Experience: Essays and a
Discussion. London: Holmes and Meier
11
Bender, Benjamin. 1995. Glimpses: Through Holocaust and Liberation. Berkeley, Calif:
North Atlantic Books.
5
inmates, like youngsters, became completely reliant on their barbaric superiors, so
perceptions against the Soldiers were labeled by uncertainty rather than conscientious
observable hatred12. This representation could have presented incredible harm. A remarkable
indication of recognition with the instigator and its actuality impacts can be found in fantasies
told by the female victim13. Soldiers were frequently tall, good-looking, and resented godlike
features. Personality defenses such as rejection and affect loneliness were frequent among
prison camp persons, as they exist today. The tribulations of the survivors of the detention
centers did not stop with the climax of the military action and their discharge14. Their
optimistic intuitions concerning postwar daily existence were quickly broken when they
discovered that their preceding dwellings were frequently broken, that majority of their
families and companions were not alive, and that they occasionally confronted antiSemitism15. Significantly, the prolonged time expended by freed inmates in the purposeless
hideout of detention centers was a lingering detrimental impact. These traumas have
incorporated the requirement to adapt to current surroundings, norms, and dialect in the
regions where they resided.
Distress and frustration were prevalent among victims, with the aforementioned often
deepening around holidays, special occasions, and activities that reminded them of the
historical events16. The protracted and irreversible grieving process for lost family members
12
Confino, Alon. 2014. A world without Jews: the Nazi imagination from persecution to
Genocide. New Haven, USA: Yale University Press
13
Hartman, Geoffrey. H. 1996. The longest shadow: in the aftermath of the Holocaust.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
14
Hartman, Geoffrey. H. 1996. The longest shadow: in the aftermath of the Holocaust.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
15
Hilberg, Raul. 1993. Perpetrators, victims, bystanders: the Jewish catastrophe 1933-1945.
London: Lime Tree.
16
2003. The destruction of the European Jews. New Haven, USA: Yale University Press
6
has been early leading essential component in such depressed mood and the associated
hedonistic pursuits. It is easy to comprehend why individuals who have survived
throughout such interactions become disproportionately or sporadically depressed;
however, it is less evident why this distress is frequently tinged with a sense of regret.17 The
victims are coping with a unique scenario of psychological trauma, which is often reported in
various contexts among individuals who survived mass killings. The variety of forms in
which the stress has been felt demonstrates that victim remorse does not relate to
a monolithic occurrence.18 Some prison camp residents felt bad due to particular decisions
they took that jeopardized others' safety and lives or translated as doing so. Primarily, some
victims felt guilty for remaining alive while others perished. This emotion often was
accompanied by emotions of awe and confusion at the enormity of the tragic event19.
Given the individuals' fantasies of liberation, which did not comfort but only
frightened them, hence, it is never shocking of their reluctance to back to the communities,
even if going back was possible.20 The victims expressed fear of liberation because they had
endured the war but questioned whether it was valuable and wondered what kind of life they
would live with a heart bleeding and spirit was torn. Even though they were no longer in
captivity, they realized a disturbing sense of loneliness. Notwithstanding, this sadness is the
pain of homelessness that has no cure; it affirms the affliction of a bruise imposed not by
17
Hoffman, Eva. 2004. After Such Knowledge: Memory, History, and the Legacy of the
Holocaust. New York: Public Affairs
18
Kagan, Jack, and Dov Cohen. 2000. Surviving the Holocaust with the Russian Jewish
Partisans. 2nd ed. London: Vallentine Mitchell
19
Karpf, Anne. 1997. The War After Living with the Holocaust. London: Minerva
Kolinsky, Eva. 2004. After the Holocaust: Jewish Survivors in Germany After 1945.
London: Pimlico.
20
7
adversity but resulted from the apparent lack of a family.21 After, the stress of liberation is a
worry of return rather than of discharge. Notably, a house is constructed beyond just bricks
and soft furnishings. Its significance is found in human connections; a freed person involves
an individual who has reverted to social interactions22. The collapse of this connection
forms the root of the collapse of freedom and disconnection from home.
Researchers are satisfactorily exhibiting causative interconnections between incidents
before, throughout, and events following the war to different extents. The explanatory
evaluations provide credible proof that societies in Western and Eastern Europe confronted
similar problems, including but not limited to mental trauma, anxiety, hopelessness, and
destitution, as community and persons tried to deal with the histories of the Holocaust.
Essentially, the Holocaust dealt a massive, potentially deadly, blast to any longstanding
fragments of faith in that imagination, raised in the Scientific Revolution and blossoming in
the nineteenth century, that humanity had ultimately joined a heyday of superficial and
unending advancement. However, it is only through the rediscovery of the person's
spirituality that human liberty can be accomplished.
21
Michalczyk, John. J. 2014. Filming the end of the Holocaust: allied documentaries,
Nuremberg, and the liberation of the concentration camps. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/29701/1000244.pdf?sequence=1
22
Stone, Dan. 2005. The Historiography of the Holocaust. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
Ltd. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wol/detail.action?docID=257718.
8
Bibliography
2003. The destruction of the European Jews. New Haven, USA: Yale University Press.
Barel, Efrat. Van Ijzendoorn, Marinus, H. Sagi-Schwartz, Abraham. Bakermans-Kranenburg,
Marian, J. 2010. "Surviving the Holocaust: A Meta-Analysis of the Long-Term
Sequelae of a Genocide." Psychological Bulletin 136 (5): 677-698.
Https://www.academia.edu/15050371/surviving_the_Holocaust_A_meta_analysis_of
_the_long_term_sequelae_of_a_genocide.
Bartov, Omer. 2015. The Holocaust: origins, implementation, the aftermath. 2nd. London:
Routledge.
Bauer, Yehuda and Nathan Rotenstreich. 1981. The Holocaust as Historical Experience:
Essays and a Discussion. London: Holmes and Meier.
Bender, Benjamin. 1995. Glimpses: Through Holocaust and Liberation. Berkeley, Calif:
North Atlantic Books.
Chodoff, Paul. 1997. "The Holocaust and Its Effects on Survivors: An Overview." Political
Psychology 18 (1): 147-157. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3791989.
Confino, Alon. 2014. A world without Jews: the Nazi imagination from persecution to
Genocide. New Haven, USA: Yale University Press.
Diamond, Shira and Natti Ronel. 2019. "From Bondage to Liberation: The Forgiveness Case
of Holocaust Survivor Eva Mozes Kor." Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment &
Trauma 28 (8): 996-1016. doi:10.1080/10926771.2018.1468376.
Hartman, Geoffrey. H. 1996. The longest shadow: in the aftermath of the Holocaust.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Hass, Aaron. 1995. The aftermath: living with the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
9
Hilberg, Raul. 1993. Perpetrators, victims, bystanders: the Jewish catastrophe 1933-1945.
London: Lime Tree.
Hoffman, Eva. 2004. After Such Knowledge: Memory, History, and the Legacy of the
Holocaust. New York: Public Affairs
Kagan, Jack, and Dov Cohen. 2000. Surviving the Holocaust with the Russian Jewish
Partisans. 2nd ed. London: Vallentine Mitchell
Karpf, Anne. 1997. The War After Living with the Holocaust. London: Minerva
Koch, Anna. 2020. 'but there is always hope in the human heart': Italian Jews' Search for the
Deported in the Immediate Aftermath of the Holocaust. Holocaust and genocide
studies. 34 (2): 295–314.
Kolinsky, Eva. 2004. After the Holocaust: Jewish Survivors in Germany After 1945. London:
Pimlico.
Lanicek, Jan. 2017. "Review Article: Long Shadows of the Shoah: The 'Aftermath' in
Holocaust Historiography." History 102 (350): 271-286. doi:10.1111/1468229X.12404.
Michalczyk, John. J. 2014. Filming the end of the Holocaust: allied documentaries,
Nuremberg, and the liberation of the concentration camps. London: Bloomsbury
Academic.
https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/29701/1000244.pdf?sequenc
e=1
Miller, Joy Ehrlichman. 1996. "Coping strategies and adaptation mechanisms utilized by
female Holocaust survivors from the Auschwitz Concentration Camp." Walden
University.
https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=hodgki
nson.
10
Patterson, David. 1995. "The Annihilation of Exits: The Problem of Liberation in the
Holocaust Memoir." Holocaust and Genocide Studies 9 (2): 208-230.
doi:10.1093/hgs/9.2.208.
Stone, Dan. 2005. The Historiography of the Holocaust. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
Ltd. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wol/detail.action?docID=257718.
Vrzgulová, Monika. 2018. "The memory of the return of Slovak Holocaust survivors in
Jewish and Non-Jewish testimonies." Judaica Bohemiae 53: 53-76.