Philippine Native Trees " “THEY ARE OURS. THEY ARE OUR HERITAGE. THEY ARE OUR TREASURE. THEY ARE THE CROWNING GLORY OF THE PHILIPPINE FOREST” - DAVID CASTOR. THE PHILIPPINES HAS 3,600 IDENTIFIED NATIVE TREES, 67% OF WHICH ARE ENDEMIC, FOUND ONLY IN THE COUNTRY. UNFORTUNATELY, THEY ARE AMONG THE 52,000 TREES BEING SLAUGHTERED DAILY DUE TO DEFORESTATION, SLASH-AND-BURN FARMING, AND LAND CONVERSION, LEAVING ONLY 24% OF THE NATION'S LAND AREA TO REMAIN. THE PROBLEM PERSISTS WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF NON-ENDEMIC TREES, SUCH AS THE CHERRY BLOSSOMS IN BENGUET, WHICH ARE DOING MORE HARM THAN GOOD. NOT ONLY DO THEY BEAR NO ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE, BUT THESE TREES ARE ALSO SET TO COMPETE WITH, EVEN COMPLETELY OVERPOWER, THE COUNTRY'S NATURAL FLORA AND, SUBSEQUENTLY, THE ECOSYSTEM. Why should we care? 1 NATIVE TREES NATURALLY ADAPT TO THE LOCAL CLIMATE AND GEOLOGY, MAKING THEM MORE RESILIENT TO EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS, UNLIKE SHALLOW-ROOTED, EXOTIC TREES 2 THEY FORM INTRICATE NETWORKS WITH THE NATIVE FAUNA, PROVIDING THEM WITH HABITATS AND PROLONGING THEIR EXISTENCE 3 NOT ONLY DO THEY MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE BY ABSORBING GREENHOUSE GASES WHILE RECIPROCATING OXYGEN, BUT THEY PROTECT WATERSHEDS AND FRESHWATER RESOURCES, AS WELL 4 THEY PROVIDE ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC MEANS OF SUPPLYING RAW MATERIALS AND SECURING THE LIVELIHOODS OF COMMUNITIES 5 THEY ESTABLISH THE IDENTITY OF THE COUNTRY'S NATURAL LANDSCAPE AND SERVE AS A FOUNDATION OF CULTURE, ESPECIALLY FOR INDIGENOUS FILIPINOS What should be done? PROMOTE URBAN FOREST MANAGEMENT TO HELP CLEAN THE AIR IN CITIES PROVIDE SHADE-PROVIDING TREES FOR CAR PARKS AND SIDEWALKS TO MAKE CITIES MORE WALKABLE AND LIVABLE, THUS ADDRESSING THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND PHENOMENON IMPROVE DESIGNS OF STREETSCAPES BY PROVIDING NATIVE GREENERY, WHICH CAN ALSO ABSORB TOXIC STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM ROADS AND SIDEWALKS RGS 09 - 10 RW: PHILIPPINE NATIVE TREES 2019-02710 TUPAZ, JUNNINE MARIE T. AR. MARIA MONICA E. PUJALTE RATINGS SCIENTIFIC NAME CASUARINA EQUISETIFOLIA MILLETTIA PINNATA COMMON NAMES AUSTRALIAN PINE, IRON WOOD, HORSETAIL SHE-OAK, AGOHO PONGAM, POONGA OIL TREE, INDIAN BEECH, BANI FAMILY NAME CASUARINA FABACEAE PLANT ORIGIN SOUTHEAST ASIA, AUSTRALIA, THE PACIFIC ISLANDS THE PHILIPPINES, THE MASCARENE ISLANDS, TROPICAL ASIA FROM MALAYA TO AUSTRALIA AND POLYNESIA BRIEF DESCRIPTION LARGE, PERENNIAL, EVERGREEN TREE WITH AN OPEN CANOPY AND A NARROW, PYRAMIDAL CROWN THAT GROWS ALONG SANDY COASTS AND COASTAL FORESTS BROWN AND ROUGH BARK WITH SLENDER, DROOPING BRANCHLETS RESEMBLING HORSE HAIR GREEN TO GREENISH-GRAY NEEDLE-LIKE TWIGS SURROUNDING TRUE, MINUTE-SCALE LEAVES IN WHORLS DIOECIOUS FLOWERS SMALL, FLATTENED, WINGED NUTS CONTAINED IN CONE-LIKE CLUSTERS AS FRUITS, WHICH SPLIT OPEN RIPE MEDIUM-SIZED, SEMI-DECIDUOUS TREE, SMOOTH TREE WITH A GRAYISHBROWN BARK AND HEMISPHERICAL CROWN IMPARIPINNATE, ALTERNATE, LEATHERY, OVATE LEAVES WITH 5-7 LEAFLETS, THE TERMINAL ONE LARGER THAN THE REST; PINK WHEN YOUNG, DARK GREEN WHEN MATURE CLUSTERS OF PINK AND WHITE FLOWERS BORNE ON HAIRY, AXILLARY RACEMES SMOOTH, WOODY, PALE BROWN, OBLONG PODS; USUALLY CONTAINS ONE SEED EACH GROWTH MEASUREMENTS HEIGHT: 30-40M CROWN WIDTH: 15M HEIGHT: 8-25M USAGE COASTAL AREAS, INFERTILE SOILS, ROADSIDES, PARKS, GARDENS ROCKY AND SANDY SHORES, COASTAL AREAS, WATER-LOGGED SOILS, DRAIN SITES, PARKS, GARDENS RGS 09 - 10 RW: PHILIPPINE NATIVE TREES 2019-02710 TUPAZ, JUNNINE MARIE T. AR. MARIA MONICA E. PUJALTE RATINGS SCIENTIFIC NAME ALSTONIA SCHOLARIS PTEROCARPUS INDICUS COMMON NAMES WHITE CHEESE WOOD, BLACKBOARD TREE, DEVIL TREE, DITA ROSEWOOD, RED MAHOGANY, NARRA FAMILY NAME APOCYNACEAE FABACEAE PLANT ORIGIN THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT, SOUTHERN CHINA, INDOCHINA, PHILIPPINES, SOUTHEAST ASIA, THE PACIFIC MALAYSIA, INDONESIA, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, TROPICAL AUSTRALIA BRIEF DESCRIPTION MEDIUM TO LARGE, PERENNIAL, EVERGREEN, TIERED TREE WITH A GRAY BARK WITH HORIZONTAL LENTICELS; SHEDDING REVEALS A CREAMCOLORED INNER BARK WITH COPIOUS WHITE SAP WHORLED, ELLIPTIC TO OBOVATE, GLOSSY, DARK GREEN LEAVES WITH LATERAL VEINS AND A PALER UNDERSIDE FRAGRANT, HAIRY, WHITE, CREAM, OR GREEN FLOWERS BORNE ON TERMINAL PANICLES; RICH SOURCES OF NECTAR SLENDER LINEAR DEHISCENT FOLLICLE FRUITS GROWTH MEASUREMENTS HEIGHT: 25-40M CROWN WIDTH: 10M GRITH: 1M USAGE WELL-DRAINED AND FERTILE GARDENS, SHADE PROVISION SANDALWOOD, ROSEWOOD, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL TREE OF THE COUNTRY; VULNERABLE CONSERVATION STATUS MAJESTIC, PERENNIAL, REDDISH HARDWOOD TREE WITH A DOME-SHAPED CROWN AND WEEPING BRANCHES; MULTI-STEMMED TRUNK AND FINELY FISSURED, SCALY GREY-BROWN BARK IMPARIPINNATE, ALTERNATE, BROADLY OVATE TO ELLIPTIC LEAFLETS WITH THE TERMINAL ONE LARGER THAN THE REST FRAGRANT, YELLOW FLOWERS BORNE ON AXILLARY PANICLES WITH BANNER AND KEEL PETALS FLAT, DISC-LIKE POD FRUITS WITH FLATTENED WINGS SURROUNDING A CENTRAL PART HEIGHT: 40M GIRTH: 2M LOAMY SOILS, ROADSIDES, BUTTERFLY WELL-DRAINED AND FERTILE LOAMY SOILS, COASTAL AREAS, ROADSIDES, SHADE PROVISION RGS 09 - 10 RW: PHILIPPINE NATIVE TREES 2019-02710 BURMESE TUPAZ, JUNNINE MARIE T. AR. MARIA MONICA E. PUJALTE RATINGS SCIENTIFIC NAME VITEX PARVIFLORA INTSIA BIJUGA COMMON NAMES VITEX, MOLAVE, AMUGAUAN, SAGAT SCRUB MAHOGANY, PACIFIC TEAK, IPIL FAMILY NAME LAMIACEAE FABACEAE PLANT ORIGIN THE PHILIPPINES, INDONESIA EAST AFRICA THROUGH SOUTHERN INDIA AND SINGAPORE, SOUTHEAST ASIA TO NORTHERN AUSTRALIA, POLYNESIA BRIEF DESCRIPTION KNOWN TO BE ONE OF THE TREES THAT PRODUCE THE HARDEST WOODS MEDIUM TO LARGE TREE WITH SMOOTH TO FLAKY, PALE GRAY TO PALE YELLOWISH-BROWN BARK AND PALE YELLOW TO ORANGE INNER BARK OPPOSITE, TRIFOLIATE, OVATE TO LANCEOLATE LEAFLETS WITH YELLOWISH-GREEN HAIRS AND GLANDS ON THE UNDERSIDE FRAGRANT BLUE FLOWERS BORNE ON TERMINAL PANICLES SUBGLOBOSE, PURPLISH-BLACK DRUPE FRUITS MEDIUM-SIZED, SLOW-GROWING, EVERGREEN TREE WITH ROUNDED BUTTRESSES UP TO 4M TALL AND 2M WIDE; ORANGE-TINGED, GRAY BARK AND LIGHT BROWN INNER BARK WITH BROWN SPECS ALTERNATE OR SPIRAL, BROADLY OVAL OR EGG-SHAPED, THIN, LEATHERY LEAVES FRAGRANT, AXILLARY, WHITE OR PINK FLOWERS BORNE ON PANICLES WOODY, TARDILY DEHISCENT, OBLONG, SLIGHTLY FLAT, BROWN OR BLACK POD FRUITS GROWTH MEASUREMENTS HEIGHT: 8-15M, RARELY UP TO 25M GRITH: 1.25-2M HEIGHT: 20-45M GIRTH: 0.5-5M USAGE PARKS, GARDENS, SHELTERBELTS, REFORESTATION COASTAL AREAS, PARKS, GARDENS, ROADSIDES RGS 09 - 10 RW: PHILIPPINE NATIVE TREES 2019-02710 TUPAZ, JUNNINE MARIE T. AR. MARIA MONICA E. PUJALTE RATINGS SCIENTIFIC NAME DIOSPYROS BLANCOI DRACONTOMELON DAO COMMON NAMES BUTTER FRUIT, MABOLO, KAMAGONG PACIFIC WALNUT, NEW GUINEA WALNUT, DAO FAMILY NAME EBENACEAE ANACARDIACEAE PLANT ORIGIN THE PHILIPPINES INDIA, SOUTH CHINA, INDOCHINA, PHILIPPINES, MALAYSIA, INDONESIA, PAPUA NEW GUINEA BRIEF DESCRIPTION PERENNIAL, EVERGREEN TREE WITH A CONICAL CROWN; ENDANGERED CONSERVATION STATUS ALTERNATE, OBLONG, LEATHERY, DARK GREEN LEAVES WITH AN ACUTE TIP AND SILVERY. HAIRY UNDERSIDE; PINKISH WHEN YOUNG AXILLARY, SOLITARY, WHITE FLOWERS; FEMALES ARE LARGER FLESHY, GLOBOSE BERRY FRUITS COVERED WITH SHORT BROWN HAIRS LARGE, PERENNIAL, EVERGREEN TREE WITH A DENSE ROUNDED CROWN STRAIGHT, CYLINDRICAL, BUTTRESSED BOLE, UNBRANCHED TO 15M HEIGHT; GRAYISH-BROWN OUTER BARK AND PINK INNER BARK THAT PRODUCES RESIN PINNATE, ALTERNATE, GLOSSY, OBLONG LEAVES WITH AN ACUTE TIP SMALL, FRAGRANT, WHITE FLOWERS BORN ON PENDULOUS PANICLES SLIGHTLY FLESHY, CLUSTERING, GLOBOSE DRUPE FRUITS THAT RIPEN FROM GREEN TO YELLOW GROWTH MEASUREMENTS HEIGHT: 7-20M GIRTH: 0.5-0.8M HEIGHT: 36M GIRTH: 1M USAGE MOIST AND FERTILE LOAMY SOILS, PARKS, GARDENS, ROADSIDES, SHADE WATERLOGGED SOILS, DRAIN SITES, WATER GARDENS PROVISION RGS 09 - 10 RW: PHILIPPINE NATIVE TREES 2019-02710 TUPAZ, JUNNINE MARIE T. AR. MARIA MONICA E. PUJALTE RATINGS SCIENTIFIC NAME LAGERSTROEMIA SPECIOSA SANDORICUM KOETJAPE COMMON NAMES QUEEN'S FLOWER, PRIDE OF INDIA, CREPE MYRTLE, BANABA LOLLY FRUIT, WILD MANGOSTEEN, SANTOL FAMILY NAME LYTHRACEAE MELIACEAE PLANT ORIGIN INDIAN SUBCONTINENT, SOUTHERN CHINA, INDOCHINA, THE PHILIPPINES, SUMATRA THROUGH PENINSULAR MALAYSIA AND BORNEO TO NEW GUINEA MALAYSIA, INDONESIA BRIEF DESCRIPTION DECIDUOUS, SMALL TREE OR BIG SHRUB WITH A DENSE CROWN THAT IS BROADLY CONICAL WHEN YOUNG, BECOMES ROUNDED AND PENDULOUS UPON MATURITY; SMOOTH, PEELING, GRAY TO CREAM-COLORED BARK; FIBROUS, PALE BROWN INNER BARK OPPOSITE, BROADLY OVATE TO OBLONG, SMOOTH, GREEN LEAVES; RED WHEN YOUNG CREPE-LIKE, PURPLE OR PINK FLOWERS BORNE ON LARGE, TERMINAL PANICLES WITH OBLONG TO OVATE PETALS WOODY, DEHISCENT, GLOBOSE FRUITS LARGE, PERENNIAL, EVERGREEN TREE WITH A STRAIGHT TRUNK AND USUALLY SMOOTH, GRAY BARK; HIGH BUTTRESS ROOTS AND LOW BRANCHES WHICH ARE SOFTLY HAIRY WHEN YOUNG COMPOUND, SPIRALLY ARRANGED, ALTERNATE, ELLIPTIC TO OBLONGOVATE, GLOSSY, GREEN LEAVES WITH AN ACUTE TIP AND PALER, SOFTLY HAIRY UNDERSIDE FRAGRANT, AXILLARY, FASCICLED, YELLOWISH-GREEN OR CREAMCOLORED FLOWERS BORN ON PANICLES FLESHY, VELVETY, ROUNDED, YELLOW OR BROWN FRUIT WITH A THICK RIND AND SEEDS COVERED WITH WHITE, JUICY, SWEET-TASTING PULP GROWTH MEASUREMENTS HEIGHT: 30M HEIGHT: 20-50M GIRTH: 1M USAGE FERTILE LOAMY SOILS, WELL-DRAINED SOILS, DRY SOILS, ROADSIDES, FERTILE, WELL-DRAINED SOILS; PARKS; GARDENS; COASTAL AREAS; SHADE FLOWERBEDS/BORDERS, SHADE PROVISION PROVISION; EROSION CONTROL RGS 09 - 10 RW: PHILIPPINE NATIVE TREES 2019-02710 TUPAZ, JUNNINE MARIE T. AR. MARIA MONICA E. PUJALTE RATINGS SCIENTIFIC NAME EUCALYPTUS DEGLUPTA COMMON NAMES MINDANAO GUM, RAINBOW RAINBOW GUM, BAGRAS FAMILY NAME PLANT ORIGIN BRIEF DESCRIPTION AGATHIS PHILIPPINENSIS CANANGA ODORATA ALMACIGA, DAYUNGON CANANGA TREE, PERFUME TREE, ILANG-ILANG, YLANGYLANG MYRTACEAE ARAUCARIACEAE ANNONACEAE THE PHILIPPINES, INDONESIA, NEW GUINEA THE PHILIPPINES, INDONESIA TROPICAL ASIA, AUSTRALIA, SEVERAL PACIFIC ISLANDS EUCALYPTUS, LARGE, EVERGREEN TREE WITH A TRUNK THAT MAKES UP 50-70% OF THE TREE'S HEIGHT AND BUTTRESSES 3-4M HIGH SMOOTH BARK THAT SHOWS STRIPS OF YELLOW, ORANGE, AND BROWN, EVENTUALLY GREEN WHEN IT SHEDS OPPOSITE, OVATE TO LANCEOLATE JUVENILE LEAVES; OPPOSITE TO SUB-OPPOSITE, SHORTPETIOLED MATURE LEAVES TERMINAL UMBEL FLOWERS WITH WHITE TO PALE YELLOW STAMENS LARGE, CONIFEROUS, EVERGREEN TREE WITH A SMOOTH, GRAY BARK THAT PRODUCES RESIN CALLED MANILA COPAL OPPOSITE TO SUB-OPPOSITE, OVATE TO LANCEOLATE, SHORT-PETIOLED, LEATHERY LEAVES WITH PARALLEL VEINS; GLOBULAR FOLIAGE BUDS COVERED WITH SCALES SQUAT OVOID SEED CONES WITH SPIRALLY ARRANGED SCALES, EACH BEARING A SINGLEWINGED SEED MEDIUM-SIZED, PERENNIAL TREE WITH AN IRREGULAR CROWN WEEPING BRANCHES AND LEAFY TWIGS SIMPLE, ALTERNATE, ENTIRE, DARK GREEN LEAVES FRAGRANT AXILLARY FLOWERS ARRANGED IN UMBELLATE CLUSTERS; TURNS FROM GREEN TO YELLOWISH-BROWN UPON MATURITY FLESHY, OLIVE-LIKE, BLACK FRUITS IN AXILLARY CLUSTERS GROWTH MEASUREMENTS HEIGHT: 50M HEIGHT: 65M: GIRTH: 3M USAGE CULTURAL OR HERITAGE PARKS ACIDIC AND WELL-DRAINED SOILS; SHALLOW, INFERTILE MOIST AND WELL-DRAINED SOILS, PARKS, GARDENS, SOILS; PLANTATIONS; (ENRICHMENT CROP) ROADSIDES INADEQUATELY STOCKED AREAS HEIGHT: 10-30M RGS 09 - 10 RW: PHILIPPINE NATIVE TREES 2019-02710 TUPAZ, JUNNINE MARIE T. AR. MARIA MONICA E. PUJALTE RATINGS SCIENTIFIC NAME DILLENIA PHILIPPINENSIS XANTHOSTEMON VERDUGONIANUS CRATEVA RELIGIOSA COMMON NAMES PHILIPPINE CATMON, KATMON RED PENDA, MANGKONO SPIDER TREE, SACRED GARLIC PEAR, SALINGBOBOG FAMILY NAME DILLENIACEAE MYRTACEAE CAPPARACEAE PLANT ORIGIN THE PHILIPPINES THE PHILIPPINES SOUTHEAST ASIA, AUSTRALIA, CHINA, JAPAN, INDIA, SRI LANKA BRIEF DESCRIPTION FOUND ONLY IN THE PHILIPPINES, VULNERABLE CONSERVATION STATUS SMALL, EVERGREEN, ROUNDED TREE WITH GRAYISH-BROWN TO REDDISH-BROWN, SHALLOWLY FISSURED BARK SIMPLE, ALTERNATE, ELLIPTIC TO OVATE, SERRATE, LEATHERY LEAVES LARGE, WHITE FLOWERS WITH OBOVATE PETALS GLOBOSE FRUITS GROWTH MEASUREMENTS HEIGHT: 6-15M USAGE MOIST AND GARDENS WELL-DRAINED SOILS, PARKS, PERENNIAL, EVERGREEN, FREE-FLOWERING, SHRUBBY TREE WITH AN IRREGULARLY-FLUTED BOLE AND SLATE-WHITE BARK; PALE-REDDISH SAPWOOD AND DEEP RED TO BROWN HEARTWOOD PINNATE, ALTERNATE, OBOVATE, THICK, LEATHERY, DARK GREEN LEAVES WITH A PALER UNDERSIDE BRIGHT RED TERMINAL INFLORESCENCES BROWN DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS UPON MATURITY MODERATE-SIZED, DECIDUOUS SPREADING TREE WITH GRAY BARK AND YELLOWISH-WHITE WOOD; CONSIDERED SACRED IN INDIA TRIFOLIATE, OVATE TO LANCEOLATE, SMOOTH LEAVES WITH A PALER UNDERSIDE TERMINAL CORYMB INFLORESCENCES WITH OVATE OR OBLONG, GREENISH-YELLOW PETALS ROUND, WOODY BERRY FRUITS HEIGHT: 2-5M GIRTH: 1.15M HEIGHT: 30M COASTAL AREAS, PARKS, ROADSIDES ACIDIC SOILS, ROADSIDES RGS 09 - 10 RW: PHILIPPINE NATIVE TREES 2019-02710 TUPAZ, JUNNINE MARIE T. AR. MARIA MONICA E. PUJALTE RATINGS SCIENTIFIC NAME CLERODENDRUM QUADRILOCULARE COMMON NAMES STARBURST, PHILIPPINE BAGAUAK FAMILY NAME LAMIACEAE RUTACEAE PINACEAE ANACARDIACEAE PLANT ORIGIN NEW GUINEA, THE PHILIPPINES SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA, NORTHERN AUSTRALIA, NEW CALEDONIA THE PHILIPPINES, INDIA, THAILAND, BURMA, CAMBODIA, LAOS, CHINA, VIETNAM THE PHILIPPINES SMALL, PERENNIAL, EVERGREEN, FREEFLOWERING, FINE-TEXTURED TREE OR SHRUB IMPARIPINNATE, ALTERNATE, OBLONG TO OVATE, GLOSSY LEAVES ON HAIRY STEMS FRAGRANT, TERMINAL OR AXILLARY WHITE FLOWERS FLESHY, OVAL-SHAPED, RED FRUITS CYLINDRICAL BOLE WITH THICK, DEEPLY-FISSURED, DARK BROWNCOLORED BARK AND NARROW CROWN DARK GREEN NEEDLES IN FASCICLES OF THREE OVOID, BROWN CONES BRIEF DESCRIPTION MURRAYA PANICULATA PINUS KESIYA SHOOTING STAR, ORANGE JASMINE, CHINESE BOX, MOCK GLORY BOWER, BAGUIO PINE, KHASI PINE ORANGE, KAMUNING ERECT, BRANCHED, BUSHY, SMOOTH SHRUB OR SMALL TREE SIMPLE, ENTIRE TO WAVY, OVATE TO OBLONG, GREEN LEAVES WITH A PURPLE UNDERSIDE TERMINAL FLOWERS THAT HAVE A PINK TUBE AND FIVE WHITE PETALS EACH DRUPE FRUITS GROWTH MEASUREMENTS HEIGHT: 2-5M USAGE WELL-DRAINED GARDENS HEIGHT: 3-8M SOILS, PARKS, HEIGHT: 30-35M GIRTH: 1.40M MALAPAHO, KALAMANSANAI MEDIUM-SIZED TO LARGE TREE WITH BOLE BRANCHLESS AND BUTTRESSES ABSENT; ENDANGERED CONSERVATION STATUS GRAYISH TO PALE RED HEARTWOOD BROADLY ELLIPTICAL TO OBOVATELANCEOLATE LEAVES ELLIPSOID FRUIT HEIGHT: 20M GIRTH: 1.20M FERTILE LOAMY SOILS, ACIDIC SOILS, WELL-DRAINED SOILS, ELEVATED AREAS, ALKALINE-HIGH SOILS, FORMAL GARDENS, PARKS, GARDENS EROSION CONTROL HEDGE/SCREENING, TOPIARY RGS 09 - 10 RW: PHILIPPINE NATIVE TREES 2019-02710 MANGIFERA MONANDRA TUPAZ, JUNNINE MARIE T. AR. MARIA MONICA E. PUJALTE RATINGS References: American Conifer Society. (n.d.). Agathis philippinensis/Manila copal. American Conifer Society. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://conifersociety.org/conifers/agathis-philippinensis/ Arre, C. B. (2019, April 26). Why philippine native trees need protecting (now more than ever). Cynthia Bauzon-Arre. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://cynthiabauzonarre.com/philippine-native-trees-importance/ BIOFIN Philippines. (n.d.). A 'Game of Trees'. Foreign-Assisted and Special Projects Service. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://fasps.denr.gov.ph/index.php/public-relations/projectstories/biodiversity/23-a-game-of-trees NParks Flora & Fauna Web. (n.d.). Intsia bijuga. National Parks Board. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/2/9/2971 NParks Flora & Fauna Web. (n.d.). Lagerstroemia speciosa. National Parks Board. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/2/9/2991 NParks Flora & Fauna Web. (n.d.). Millettia pinnata. National Parks Board. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/3/0/3027 NParks Flora & Fauna Web. (n.d.). Murraya paniculata. National Parks Board. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/2/2/2239 Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Bagras. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/EucalyptusDeglupta.html Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Baguio pine. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/BaguioPine.html Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Banaba. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Banaba.html Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Bani. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Bani.html Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Dao. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Dao.html Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Dita. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 26, 2023, de Jesus, A. (2021, March 6). Why we need to plant native Philippine trees. NParks Flora & Fauna Web. (n.d.). Pterocarpus indicus Willd. National Parks from http://www.stuartxchange.com/Dita.html Inquirer Business. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from Board. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Ilang-ilang. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 26, https://business.inquirer.net/319013/why-we-need-to-plant-nativehttps://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/3/0/3093 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/IlangIlang.html philippine-trees Ella, A. B. (n.d.). Agathis (PROSEA Exudates). PlantUse. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://uses.plantnetproject.org/en/Agathis_(PROSEA_Exudates) Forest Foundation Philippines. (2015, June 24). Importance of using native trees in reforestation. Forest Foundation Philippines. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.forestfoundation.ph/news/importance-of-usingnative-trees-in-reforestation/ Gadani, M. (n.d.). Crateva religiosa. E-Flora of Gandhinagar. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.efloraofgandhinagar.in/tree/cratevareligiosa Medenilla, V. (2020, December 8). The importance of preserving Philippine native trees. Agriculture Monthly. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.agriculture.com.ph/2020/12/08/the-importance-ofpreserving-philippine-native-trees/ N.C. Cooperative Extension. (n.d.). Lagerstroemia speciosa. North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/lagerstroemia-speciosa/ National Tropical Botanical Garden. (n.d.). Pterocarpus indicus. National Tropical Botanical Garden. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://ntbg.org/database/plants/detail/Pterocarpus-indicus NParks Flora & Fauna Web. (n.d.). Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. National Parks Board. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/2/7/2705 NParks Flora & Fauna Web. (n.d.). Cananga odorata. National Parks Board. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/2/7/2779 NParks Flora & Fauna Web. (n.d.). Casuarina equisetifolia. National Parks Board. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/2/7/2793 NParks Flora & Fauna Web. (n.d.). Sandoricum koetjape. National Parks Board. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/3/1/3109 NParks Flora & Fauna Web. (n.d.). Vitex pinnata. National Parks Board. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/5/6/5628 NParks Flora & Fauna Web. (n.d.). Xanthostemon verdugonianus Naves. National Parks Board. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/2/5/2561 Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Ipil. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Ipil Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Kamuning. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Kamuning.html Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Katmon. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Katmon Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Mabolo. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.com/Mabolo.html Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Simons, A., & Jamnadass, R. H. (n.d.). Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Mangkono. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 27, Alstonia scholaris. World Agroforestry. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Mangkono https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Alstonia_scholaris.PDF Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Simons, A., & Jamnadass, R. H. (n.d.). Vitex parviflora. World Agroforestry. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Vitex_parviflora.PDF PlantNet project. (n.d.). Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon. Plant Identifier. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://identify.plantnet.org/the-plantlist/species/Pinus%20kesiya%20Royle%20ex%20Gordon/data PlantUse English contributors. (2016, May 5). Mangifera monandra (PROSEA). PlantUse. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Mangifera_monandra_(PROSEA) RAFI One to Tree. (2021, November 5). Philippine native trees 101: Eight examples of native trees and the importance of preserving them. OneToTree. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from https://onetotree.org/philippine-native-trees-101-eight-examples-ofnative-trees-and-the-importance-of-preserving-them/ Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Agoho. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Agoho.html Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Bagauak-morado. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Bagauak Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Molave. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Molave Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Narra. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 26, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Narra Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Salingbobog. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.com/Salingbobog.html Stuart, G., Jr. U. (n.d.). Santol. StuartXchange. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Santol.html Tarriela, F. G. (2018, February 7). Why native trees? Green Convergence. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://greenconvergencephil.com/whynative-trees/ The Gymnosperm Database. (n.d.). Pinus kesiya. The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://www.conifers.org/pi/Pinus_kesiya.php Useful Tropical Plants Database. (2022, July 20). Crateva religiosa. Useful Tropical Plants. Retrieved March 27, 2023, from https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Crateva+religiosa