PHILIPPINE COAST GUARD Shipboard Terminology and Construction SHIPS’ CONSTRUCTION and NOMENCLATURE THREE MAIN PARTS OF THE SHIP Stern Amidship Forward BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE SHIP KEEL act as the backbone of the ship, similar to that of the human spine. BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE SHIP STEM the upward extension of the keel forward to which forward edges of the strakes are attached BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE SHIP STERNPOST similar upward extension of the keel at the after end of the ship where the strakes of the after end are attached BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE SHIP FRAMES correspond to the ribs of the human skeleton Transverse frames - extended from the keel outward around the turn of the gunwale Longitudinal frames – run parallel to the keel along the bottom bilge and side plating from stem to sternpost BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE SHIP PLATING outside covering or the skin of the ship, sometimes known as the “strakes” Garboard strakes – all strakes next to the keel Sheer strakes – the upper strake at or near the gunwale BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE SHIP DOUBLE BOTTOM watertight subdivisions next to the keel and between the outer and inner bottom, protecting the ship in case of damage to the outside plating BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF THE SHIP BULKHEAD the interior of the vessel is divided into compartments by vertical walls called bulkhead- which gives the ship the ship contour, shape, rigidity and strength which is either watertight or joiner bulkheads. DECKS The ship is divided horizontally by a series of decks and platforms. The floor in the ship’s compartment is always called DECK and the ceiling is always called OVERHEAD DECKS Dive Locker HEAD PO’s Recompression Chamber Cabin Medical Officer Cabin SURVIVOR’S AREA CCGOF Engro’s Cabin Cabin Electrical Admin office Paint Locker Room Anchor Windlass Paint Locker CAPSTAN Emergency Shower Genset Room Treatment room PO’s Ward MSO’s EX-O’s Cabin room Cabin Battery Room Cabin MAIN DECK the highest complete deck that extended on both sides of the ship and from bow to stern DECKS FORECASTLE DECK the partial deck above the main deck at the bow. DECKS SUPERSTRUCTURE DECK a partial deck above the main deck, upper deck that does not extend to the side of the ship DECKS HALF DECK a partial deck between two complete deck UPPER DECK a partial deck above the main deck in the amidship POOP DECK a partial deck above the main deck in the stern DECKS PLATFORM DECK partial deck below the lowest complete deck that admits machineries WEATHER DECK All decks exposed to the weather DECKS QUARTER DECK the part of the main deck designed by the CO set aside for honor and ceremonies PROTECTIVE AND ARMORED DECKS decks which carried heavy plating to resist enemy projectiles or bombs HULL TERMS HULL the main body of the ship exclusive of mast, superstructures, top hammer etc. As familiarly used by seamen however, the meaning of this term is restricted to the sheer from the keel to the main deck HULL TERMS WATERLINE the line meets the surface of the water in the hull HULL TERMS DRAUGHT the vertical distance from the keel to the waterline HULL TERMS FREEBOARD vertical distance from the gunwale to the waterline HULL TERMS STEM the upward extension of the keel forward to which forward edges of the strakes are attached HULL TERMS PROW part of the stem above the waterline CUTWATER the part of the stem below the waterline HULL TERMS EYES OF THE SHIP part of the forecastle head near the stem HULL TERMS FANTAIL the after end of the main deck HULL TERMS BULWARK solid fence like barrier along the edge of the weather deck HULL TERMS Ship’s structured are joined by : Welding – reduces the weight 10 to 15 percent, it is faster, cheaper and gives a smooth surface to be able to resist corrosion Riveting - provide more flexibility and reduces local stress concentration HULL TERMS HULL SHAPES Middle body section – the widest part of the hull near the halfway point between the bow and stern Entrance – the narrowing part of the underwater body forward of the middle body section Run - the narrowing part of the underwater body aft of the middle body section HULL TERMS HAWSEPIPE large pipe through which the anchor chains runs from the deck out to the outside SUPERSTRUCTURES BRIDGE most important part of the superstructures of any ship. It is the main control and the nerve center of the ship. It is the duty station of the Captain and OOD when the ship is underway. SUPERSTRUCTURES THE BRIDGE HELMSMAN’S CHAIR CAPTAIN’S CHAIR SUPERSTRUCTURES OTHER PARTS OF THE BRIDGE FLYING BRIDGE is usually open bridge where the navigator can take sight of the stars and bearing of shore objects, and can observe the weather and other ship without an obstructed view SIGNAL BRIDGE is an open platform for visual communication TOP HAMMER MAST upright post or span on the centerline, used to support the sail , cargo booms, yards, radio antennae, etc Supported by wires called: Backstray – tending aft Forestray – tending forward Shrouds – tending athwartship TOP HAMMER Truck – topmost part of the mast of a ship Pigstick – a light staff where the commission pennant is hoisted Yardarm – a spar set arthwartship across the upper part of the mast Signal halyard – small staff used for hoisting flags and pennants Gaff – light par where the national ensign is hoisted when the ship is underway Peak – the upper end of the gaff TOP HAMMER FLAG STAFF a spar where the national ensign is hoisted when the ship is not underway JACK STAFF a spar at the bow where the jack flag is hoisted TOP HAMMER STACK a large pipe of various designs used to carry off smoke and gases from the machinery FITTINGS • • • • There are various structures and appliance attached to the hull to assist in handling and performing the ship’s work To provide safety and comfort to the crew For ornamental purposes Maybe fixed or limited in movement Found mostly on weather decks of the ship Bitts, chocks, davits, winches or cranes, guns etc HULL SYSTEM The piping built into the hull that carries a liquid or gas, at various temperatures and pressures is known as hull system. The principal hull systems are the following: FIRE MAIN SYSTEM – in some ships they served through cross connections, others on straight main, leading fore and aft throughout the machinery spaces extensions on the forward living spaces and aft to the steering gear room, below the waterline by the fire and the bilge pumps and fire and flushing pumps. HULL SYSTEM DAMAGE CONTROL PUMPING SYSTEM Installed to provide for rapid flooding and counter floodable voids after damage, and for rapid transfer of ballast sea water. FLUSHING SYSTEM OR SANITARY SPACES Flushing water Is supplied. Present practice is to provide branches from the fire main via stop valves and reducing valves however flushing is required. HULL SYSTEM D) FLOODING SYSTEM remote operated sea flood valves for rapid counter flooding and to permit flooding of magazines in the vent of fire. FRESH WATER SYSTEM – fresh water or potable water is stored aboardship in a special tank, low in the ship. From these tanks, it is delivered to necessary outlets by a continuously operating constant pressure centrifugal pumps that maintains pressure in the system FUEL OIL SYSTEM the fuel oil pumping system is used in transfer of fuel from storage tanks to service tanks. The fuel oil service pumps fuel to fuel oil heaters and to the burners in the boilers. HULL SYSTEM D) DRAINAGE SYSTEM • • • • system of piping provided for removing water from within the ship’s hull. On most ships, they are divided as follows: main drainage system secondary drainage system weather deck drains feed drain machinery spaces COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEM used in surface ships for starting emergency diesel electric power generators. FACTORS IN NAVAL SHIP’S CONSTRUCTION D) ARMAMENT the offensive power of the ship such as guns, torpedoes, depth charges, bombs, missiles, etc D PROTECTION comprise features that are provided to thwart or minimize the effect enemy fire. FACTORS IN NAVAL SHIP’S CONSTRUCTION SEAWORTHINESS the ability of the ship to operate in all kinds of wind, weather and seas STABILITY the ability of the ship to return to upright position MANUEVERABILITY characteristics that permit rapid change of speed in a small diameter. In submarines, it also includes the ability to submerge quickly. RANGE OF RADIUS OF ACTION quality sometimes called “sea keeping” means ability of a ship to stay at sea for a long period and cover great distance without refueling and reprovisioning FACTORS IN NAVAL SHIP’S CONSTRUCTION D) SPEED A fact ships can get quickly to the scene of the action; it can overtake a fleeing enemy; it is harder to hit with gunfire or torpedoes. Maneuverability and speed do not go together. High speed is attained only by great increase in motive power and fuel consumption. This means that fast ships devote more of their load carrying capacity to engines and fuel than do the slower ships. CRUISING RANGE OR ENDURANCE refers to the distance a ship can cover at normal operations (not maximum) speed without refueling. FACTORS IN NAVAL SHIP’S CONSTRUCTION EXPENDABILITY concerns the cost of building the ship, the size of compliment, and the time required to train the crew and out the ship in operating condition D) HABITABILITY everything that makes a ship safe and comfortable for crew such as well lighted mess halls, adequate heads and washrooms, air conditioning and reasonable bunkrooms QUESTION?
