AS 121 Assignment/Attendance Document 16-Aerodynamics of Flight part 2 PowerPoint 1. What makes an airplane turn? 2. Adverse Yaw “If you ever break your neck in an airplane, your ailerons will probably have much to do with it,” wrote Wolfgang Langewiesche in his book Stick and Rudder. But what the heck does that mean? Define Adverse Yaw. Which wing increases lift and drag? 3. Slipping or Skidding? The a/c is banked too much for the Rate of turn ROT are you slipping or skidding? What do you do? The ROT is too great for the angle of bank, are you slipping or skidding? Which one is worst and why? 4. What is the Vx and Vy speeds in your C172S 5. Radius and Rate of Turn a. Radius of turn is dependent on both airspeed and bank angle. b. The radius of turn at any given bank angle is directly proportional to the square of the airspeed. c. __________ the bank angle will ________ the turn radius. 6. Rate of Turn a. In turning flight, the number of degrees of heading change per unit of time (usually measured in seconds) is referred to as the rate of turn. b. By definition, a rate one or standard rate turn is accomplished at ____ per sec resulting in a _______ turn in _____ minutes. 7. Review and understand the four turning tendencies a. Which of Newton’s laws refer to the four turning tendencies? 8. Rigidity in space and Precession Rigidity in space – the principle that states, a gyroscope remains in a fixed position in the plane in which it is spinning. Ex: a bicycle wheel. Precession is the resultant action, or deflection, of a spinning rotor when a deflecting force is applied to its rim. o This element of torque effect is more prominent in ________ type a/c 9. T or F. The critical angle of attack changes with weight, bank angle, and temperature. ________ 10. Load Factor defined: The ratio of the load supported by the wings to the actual weight of the loaded airplane. o Load factor is measured in G’s (acceleration of gravity) o A load factor of 3 is expressed as 3Gs and load factor of 4 is 4Gs o If an a/c is pulled up from a dive, subjecting the pilot to 2 Gs, he/she would be pressed down into the seat with a force equal to three times his/her weight. o Any force applied to an a/c to deflect its flight from a straight line, produces a stress on its structure o The amount of this force is the load factor You will be required to answer questions like this example on the test: If an airplane weight 3,300 pounds, what approx. weight would the airplane structure be required to support during a 30 degree banked turn while maintaining altitude? a. 1,200 pounds b. 3,100 pounds c. 3,960 pounds (on the FAA exam, it is the closest possible answer) 11. What is the color code of maneuvering speed Va on your airspeed indicator? 12. Va Maneuvering Speed Rod Machado’s Video https://www.aopa.org/news-and-media/allnews/2020/may/flight-training-magazine/ol-maneuvering-speed A crucial part of a fighter pilots crucial part of their training is the ability to conquer the forces (or G) that’s generated win a/c perform aerobatics In positive G maneuvers, blood is pulled from the pilot’s head and brain towards their legs and feet, with the result of impaired vision and thinking, ‘greying out’ and finally ‘black-out’ (or ‘red-out’ in negative G) where the pilot loses consciousness for several seconds.
