Brown Environment
Human health depends on a healthy environment, including clean water, clean air, good sanitation and an adequate supply of food. The
environment had provided these to man. However, through time, environmental degradation persists because of destructive and resource-extractive
economic activities of man. Air, water and land pollution and natural resources depletion have resulted and continuously affected mankind and viceversa.
The World Bank reports that in developing countries, between 500,000 and one million people die prematurely every year as a result of air
pollution induced respiratory problems and million of cases of respiratory illnesses are associated with air pollution in large cities. Air pollution also
contributes to the accumulation of stratospheric greenhouse gases, with implications for global climate change, a phenomenon that pose risks
because of its effects like rising sea levels, flooding, and possible changes in the frequency of storms, declining water resources and agricultural
production due to variations in temperature and precipitation. Climate change will also increase the frequency of extreme weather events,
increasing the vulnerability of the poor.
The demand for water through time has continuously stresses the environment as well. Population, urbanization, and economic growth warn
that water demand is growing and shifting, posing threat to water quality and eventually to human health. Also, the problem of managing solid
wastes, especially in urban areas, has been taxing local government units too. Reports show that between 10 to 50 percent operational
expenditures for solid waste services in cities of most low and middle-income countries is inadequate to provide wide area hence its adverse
impacts on public health and the urban environment.
Healthy Community
A healthy community continuously create and improve the physical and social environment and expand the community measures that enable
people to mutually support each other in performing all the functions of life and in developing to their maximum potential.
Healthy Community Principles
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
a broad definition of health
shared vision from community values
collaborative, consensus-based approach to problem solving
address quality of life for everyone
diverse citizen participation and widespread community ownership
focus on systems change
build capacity using local assets and resources
benchmark and measure progress and outcomes
Characteristics of a Healthy Community
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
a clean and safe environment
a diverse and vibrant economy
good housing for all
people who respect and support each other
a place that promotes and celebrates its cultural and historical heritage
a place where citizens and government share power
a place that has affordable health care for all
a place that has good schools
a place that has and supports strong families
a community that offers access to quality preventive and curative health care services for all
Health Determinants
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
peace, shelter, education
social security social relations, social justice
food, income
empowerment of women
a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources
respect for human rights, equity
Healthy Schools
Students’ attitudes, behavior, health and academic achievement benefit from schools that provide not only students’ basic needs but also
promote an atmosphere of community and well-being.
A comprehensive approach to a healthy school environment is essential so that every student can rise up to challenging academic standards.
Healthy Schools Criteria
1.
2.
3.
location
licenses and permits
structural requirements
4.
5.
6.
7.
lighting, ventilation
classroom and other rooms
equipment
sanitary requirements (water supply, toilets, hand-washing facilities, showers, drinking fountains, waste water, solid waste disposal, pest
control)
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
safety requirements (maintenance, fire/explosion, gas poisoning prevention)
housekeeping
other school facilities (gym, auditorium, cafeteria, library, laboratories, dissection rooms)
school health facilities
personnel
miscellaneous (greenery, vendors, road signs, presence of animals, security)
The 5 S
What is 5S?
Five S is a systematized approach to:
- organize work area
- keep rules and standards
- maintain the discipline needed to do a good job
It utilizes a work place organization and work simplification techniques to make work easier, faster, cheaper, safer, and more effective.
The 5S in the three languages
JAPANESE
ENGLISH
FILIPINO
Seiri
Sort
Suriin
Seiton
Systematize
Sinupin
Seiso
Sweep
Simutin
Seiketsu
Sanitize/Standardize
Siguruhin
Shikutse
Self-discipline
Principles of 5S
1.
o
o
SEIRI (waste elimination)
remove unnecessary items and dispose them properly them properly
eliminate obstacle
* Some SEIRI practices:
- disposed tags
- designed storage area
- disposal procedure
1.
SEITON
o
o
o
arrange necessary items in good order so that they can easily be picked up for use
prevent loss and waste of time
easy to find and pick up necessary items
* Some SEITON practices:
- everything must have its location
- label items and their locations systematically mark everything
- separate special tools from common ones
- put frequently used items nearer to the user
- make things visible to reduce searching time, organize by color
1.
SEISO
o
o
o
clean your work place completely
prevent machinery and equipment from deterioration
keep workplace safe and easy to work.
* Some SEISO practices:
- Big SEISO (Clean-up) day.
- 3-5 minutes clean up daily
- Prevent causes of dust and dirt
1.
SEIKETSU
o
o
o
o
1.
Maintain high standards of house keeping and workplace organizations at all times.
Maintain cleanliness and orderliness
Prevent mis-operation
Make it easy to find out abnormality standardize good practices.
SHIKUTSE
o
o
o
Do things spontaneously without being told or ordered.
Enhance autonomous management activities
Maintain the discipline needed
* Some Shikutse practices:
- Wash hands after going to the toilet
- Wash hands before and after meals
Benefits of 5S
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A clean and well-organized workplace is high in PRODUCTIVITY
A clean and well-organized workplace produces QUALITY products and services
A clean and well-organized work place reduces cost to a minimum
A clean and well-organized workplace ensures DELIVERY on time
A clean and well-organized workplace is SAFE for people
A clean well –organized workplace makes employee MORALE high
Other Benefits of 5S
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Improves CREATIVITY of people
Improves COMMUNICATION among people
Improves HUMAN RELATIONS among people
Improves TEAM WORK among people
Enhances COMRADESHIP among people
Gives VITALITY to people
3S among the 5S
SEIRE (Sort)
SEITON (Systematize)
SEISO (Sweep)
- Take necessary items and dispose
- Arrange necessary items in
good order
- Clean your community
- Make work easy by eliminating obstacles
- Eliminate the need to take care unnecessary
items
- Provide no chance of being disturbed by
unnecessary items
- Prevent accumulation of unnecessary items
- Prevent loss and waste of time - Easy to check abnormality
- Easy to find and pick necessary - Prevent machinery and
items
equipment from deterioration
- Ensure first-come - first serve - Community safe and easy to
basis
work
- make production flow smooth
and work easy
Proper Waste Management
Republic Act 9003 (The Ecological Solid Waste Management (SWM) Act of 2003) - a multi-sectoral body tasked to institute a national
framework for waste management.
Success of RA 9003 lies in the effective cooperation among various sectors of society: consumers, advocacy group, industries, recycling
enterprises, LGUs, and others.
Ecological Solid Waste Management is a systematic administration of activities that provide for segregation at source, segregated transport,
storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste and all other waste management activities that do not harm the environment.
The 3 R’s of Solid Waste Management:
1.
2.
3.
REDUCE – means reducing the amount of waste produced
REUSE – try to reuse containers of materials for other purposes
RECYCLE – convert waste materials such as paper into decors and others
Waste segregation refers to a solid waste management practice of separating different materials found in the solid waste in order to
promote recycling and re-use of resources and to reduce the volume of waste for collection and disposal.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOLID WASTE IN A HOUSEHOLD
Biodegradable
Recyclables
Residuals
Special
Bulky
Fruit & veggie peelings
Dry papers,
newspapers
sando bags
Paint
containers
Destroyed TV sets
Spoiled food, leftovers
Dry cardboards,
cartons
packing wrappers
Thinner
containers
Destroyed radios
Vegetable trimmings
Plastic containers
Styropors
Household
batteries
Destroyed stereos
Fish scales
Plastic materials
cigarette butts
Pharmaceutical Destroyed washing
waste
machines
Egg shells
Plastic water bottles
worn out plastic
sacks
Spray canisters Destroyed dryers
Seafood shells
Plastic bottle cap
dirt from
sweepings
Lead-acid
batteries
Animal entrails and
carcasses
Tin cans and covers worn out rags
Used oil filters Destroyed refs
corn cobs and sheaths
Aluminum cans
sanitary napkins
Broken
tiles/lamps
rice hulls
Iron steel
disposable diapers Spoiled waste Broken furniture
peanut shells
Broken glasses
plastic straws
Spilled waste
wet newspapers,
cardboards
Glass bottles
parlor waste
Expired
Broken book cases
cosmetic waste
wet papers, cartons
Toner cartridges
barber shop waste
Broken beds
household
medicine bottles
Broken cushions
Garden debris
coconut shells & husks,
Computer casing
seeds
garden, grass clippings
Computer ink
cartridges
broken ceramics
pet manure
PVC pipes
colored broken
glasses
poultry, livestock
PE pipes
coco fiber from
Destroyed stoves
Destroyed dishwashers
Broken filing cabinets
manure
chipped branches,
sawdust
cushions
IX. Digital Self
“Whether you realize it or not – or even wish to admit it – you already have an online reputation to protect”
Digital Self is a mask that an individual puts on to engage to the technological world (Tamara, 2010). It is the aspect of oneself
which is shared to others through the use of social media and computerized technology. Digital Identity is the set of characteristics
that identify a person within the internet (Mazo, 2014). So, our digital identity is:
a. Our personal information online (texts, videos, photos, name, address, and
the sites that we visit);
b. What we post; and
c. What other people post about us
A theory by Donald Winnicot points that there is a “true self” that is instinctive core of one’s personality. It must be nurtured and
realized. On the other hand, there is also a “false self” that is established to defend the “true self” from insult and danger.
Everyone has a “true self” that is complex and fragile, but basically, is the basis of oneself. Since people are social animals, they
tend to share the self to the world, but it is the decoy self that is engaged to manage the day-to-day anxieties and challenges that
come (Hicks, 2010).
IX.I Elements of the Digital Self
Online identity is like an investment. People often start out with a small amount of capital, and the way it is used over time
determines how much people end up with later on. The following elements include a person’s digital:
IX.II The Development of Digital Self
The impact of communication media on the formation of identity in today’s societies is focused on internet communication and
virtual realities. The idea of digital self-developed from the original phenomenon of the extended self. Russell
Belk (2017) believed that possessions are major contributor to and reflection of individual identities. Generally, material
possessions are considered extensions of the self. In the current generation, however, digital belongings like videos, online
messages and social media statuses are viewed as factors in molding the identity. Therefore, millennials are also called "Digital
Natives".
IX.III Why Do We Have a Digital Self
1: Do digital natives exist? – COMM140 Reflective Blog
The idea of the Digital Self is an interesting and relatively new topic discussed in consumer behaviour research. Researchers, such
as Stone (1996) and Hemetsburger (2005) claim that the digital web allows us to try out different personas that differ from our real
life identities. But why would we want to even do this?
We were especially interested in looking at why we express ourselves online the way we do and we wanted to share the most
common reasons:
1. We want to meet the expectations of others. Research shows that over 50 percent of women would edit their social media
photos to look better and meet the expectations that the media and magazines have set.
2. We want to boost our self-esteem. People upload photos and statuses online that they feel will receive “likes” and positive
feedback in which ultimately helps their egos.
3. To feel a sense of belonging. Some of us want to fit in with the crowd and upload things that are “down with the trend.”
4. Bigger sense of freedom. Unlike in real life, digital platforms allow us to express ourselves in any way we want to without
anyone there to physically judge us.
5. Striving to be our ideal selves. Digital applications like Snapchat allow us to improve out appearances on photos. These
applications help consumers express themselves as their “ideal” self-online and inevitably feel better about themselves.
Therefore, the digital world has provided us with greater opportunities to express our identity in any form we want to. What we all
need to remember is: how will we feel if we go so far to express ourselves differently inline that we forget what reality is, or
worse, we end up resenting it?
IX.IV Selective Self Presentation and Impression Management
The Internet and digital technologies present an ample opportunity for individuals to manage the impressions they make on others.
The wide range and nature of the Internet means that for most, presenting the self to others via the Internet is common and a usual
daily activity. As human beings, we strive to find social relationship and fit in. We present ourselves everyday to the world and to
others, the issue that arises, however, is the tactics we use. Self-presentation and Impression management may seem to be similar,
yet different at the same time.
Self-presentation is a process that individuals use to control the impressions of others through social interaction. It is our efforts to
shape others’ impressions in specific ways on order to gain influence, power, sympathy, or approval (Kassin, 2008. p.90).
Strategic self-presentation is intended to only be used in the beginning such as an interview for a career.
The following are the types of self-presentation (Flemming, 2015):
1. Authentic – the goal is to create an image in line with the way we view ourselves
2. Ideal – the goal is to create an image consistent with what we want to be
3. Tactical self-presentation – the goal is to create a public image in line with what other people want or what they expect us to be
Impression management is a process by which individuals attempt to influence the reactions and images people have of them and
their ideas. The intent of control and deception is present in impression management, but the difference between this control of
power is that is used to justify actions and is used more consciously and more often that self-presentation.
Erving Goffman defines Impression management as “about successfully staging a character and putting on a performance”
(Aspling, 2011). The performance, however, is not an individual act. Instead, individuals cooperate in the staging of a single
performance. That is why a “team” is important in Goffman’s impression management. Goffman defines a team as “a set of
individuals whose intimate cooperation is required if a given projected definition of the situation is to be maintained” (Ibid, p.108).
The following are the techniques of impression management:
1. Dramaturgical loyalty – used by members of a team in order to be loyal to the team and behave on accordance to the team’s
performance and never exploit the presence in their front region in order to stage their own show.
2. Dramaturgical Discipline – in order to successfully stage a character and a team performance, each performer must have a
presence of mind and self- control so that he remembers his parts and does not commit any unintended gestures while performing
and is able to save the show if that would be the case.
3. Dramaturgical circumspection – carefully selecting the right team-members and making sure that they are dramaturgically loyal
and disciplines. It is also about selecting the audience that will give a minimum of troubles in terms of the show the performer
wants to put on as well as the show he does not want to put on.
IX.V Impact of Online Interactions
A. Positive Impacts:
1. Enhancement of social contact, independence, and communication
2. Increased social connectedness, well-being, and friendship quality
3. Develops companionship, well-being, and a mature emotional state
B. Negative Impacts:
1. Meanness and bullying
2. Misunderstanding
3. Unwanted contact
4. Unintentional disclosure
5. Facebook depression – increased depressive symptoms when internet is used for other purposes
6. Jealousy and self- mutilation
IX.VI Presentation of Self: Online
Blended Identity – when an individual creates an online identity different from the identity offline but in cases where they meet in
person the people they speak to online, the online persona is kept
There are may layers and sides to people’s identities and many choose which side to present depending on the audience
The development of computer-mediated communication has allowed people to create new personalities that are extremely
different from the offline personalities
The online world also allows individuals to be who they want to be and escape reality through creating a virtual personality
However, it is rare for people to adopt a whole new persona and the digital self is believed to be just another side of a wider
identity and this part of the wider identity is generally the best side or what people believe as the best side
People become so dominated by the online world that it becomes the main stage while real life becomes the backstage, and
actually blurring the lines between what is real and what is virtual
Identity tourism – characterize instances where individuals use the possibility of anonymity on online platforms to shift significant
parts of their identity like gender, age, or race. Identity tourism is rare but it is done to look more appealing