POCKET
COSTBOOK
2020
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2
2.0 CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
2.12
Introduction
Average Building Prices
Average Mechanical and Electrical Prices
Major Unit Rates
Major Materials Prices
Material Cost Index
Labour Wage Rate
Labour Cost Index
Machinery Hire Rate and Equipment
Purchase Price
Machinery and Equipment Cost Index
Building Cost Trend
Market Conditions Index
6
7
8
9
11
12
14
15
17
18
20
21
3.0 LABOUR AND PLANT CONSTANTS
3.1 Labour Constants
3.2 Plant Constants
25
27
4.0 DATA APPLICATION
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Calculation
Calculation
Calculation
Calculation
for Variation of Price
for Building Insurance
of Labour Productivity
of Plant Productivity
5.0 USEFUL INFORMATION
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Estimating Rules of Thumb
Unit Conversion
Weights and Measures
Formulae
30
32
33
34
36
38
40
42
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
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| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
(6)
1.0| InTRODUCTION
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
1
1.0 | INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The construction industry in Malaysia is faced with lack of access,
accuracy, breadth and depth of industry data. Information is an
important element in the decision-making process. Although cost
information on the Malaysian construction industry is available
through various organisations, most of it is available for that
organisations’ usage only but not easily accessible by third parties.
The Building Cost Information Services Malaysia (BCISM Sdn Bhd)
was formed in July 2019. It is a collaborative effort between the
Malaysian Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) and
Royal Institution of Surveyors Malaysia (RISM).
BCISM is entrusted to operate the National Construction Cost
Centre portal (N3C) on behalf of CIDB to provide a centralised
data bank for construction cost.
OUR PRODUCTS :
2
Construction
Cost
Benchmark
Life Cycle
Costing
Construction
Costbook
Online
Promotional
Platform
Tender Price
Index
Seminars and
Training
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
1.0 | INTRODUCTION
OUR MISSION
Provide a credible cost information service to the
Malaysian construction industry.
Promote transparency with more equitable and
competitive prices.
Provide advisory on construction economics to
the government for policy making.
Publish construction cost information to the
general public.
OUR VALUES
Customer
commitment
Economic
value
Solution-focused
Technical
excellence
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
3
ACCESS ACCURATE
CONSTRUCTION
COST INFORMATION
AT YOUR FINGERTIPS
The National Construction Cost Centre or N3C is a key initiative undertaken by CIDB
to fulfill one of CIDB’s functions under Part II, Section 4(1)(e) and (h) of Act 520 that is
“to provide consultancy and advisory services with respect to the construction
industry” and “to initiate and maintain a construction industry information system”.
COST DATA
COST INDEX
• Building Material Prices
• Labour Wage Rates
• Machinery Hire Rates &
Equipment Purchase Price
4
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
bcismalaysia
BCISM
• Building Material Cost Index (BMCI)
• Building Labour Cost Index (BLCI)
• Building Machinery & Equipment
Cost Index
• Building Cost Index
@Bcismalaysia
www.bcism.org.my
2.0| CONstruction cost data
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
5
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.1 Introduction
BCISM Pocket Costbook 2020 is a compilation of useful construction
related cost and project information in a condensed format to serve
as a compact quick-reference guide.
The construction costs for a variety of building types are given in
unit area (square metre) of the built-up floor area of the building in
Ringgit Malaysia and have been based on analysis of the contract
bills of quantities submitted by contractors to CIDB.
The Gross Floor Area (GFA) is the total of all enclosed spaces
fulfilling the functional requirements of the building measured to
the internal face of enclosing walls (or columns, doors, and the like).
• Includes areas occupied by partitions, columns, internal structural
or party walls, stairwells, lift wells and the like.
• Includes lifts, plant/ tank rooms and the like above main roof
slab.
The information is meant as a reference for preliminary budgeting
and estimate calculations, should not be used as a basis for
preparing bids or entering into any contractual and financial
agreements.
All data are sourced from CIDB National Construction Cost Centre
(myn3c.cidb.gov.my) and analysed by BCISM unless otherwise
stated.
6
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.2 Average Building Prices
No.
Project Category
RM/m2 GFA
A.
Transport, Industrial Buildings
1.
2.
Light duty flatted factories
Heavy duty flatted factories & warehouse
1,150 – 3,600
1,020 – 4,630
B.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Office/ Commercial Buildings
2-storey office
3-storey office
4-storey office
High rise office
990 – 4,070
950 – 3,990
1,460 – 1,640
2,800 – 7,720
C.
7.
8.
Refreshment, Entertainment, Recreational Buildings
Multi-purpose hall
1,460 – 3,610
Neighbourhood/ shopping centre
1,300 – 7,410
D.
9.
Religious Buildings
Mosque
E.
Educational, Cultural, Scientific Buildings
Preschool, primary school and secondary
school (IBS)
10.
5,150 – 5,520
F.
11.
12.
13.
Residential Buildings
2-storey bungalow
2-storey terrace house
Average standard apartment (mid-rise)
G.
Building Spaces in General
14.
15.
Basement parking (≤ 3 levels)
Elevated parking (> 3 levels)
2,090 – 3,680
1,360 – 3,350
900 – 2,570
1,180 – 3,270
1,300 – 2,200
990 – 1,500
Notes :
• Source: CIDB Cost Benchmark.
• Cost data predominantly extracted from projects in West Malaysia.
• Costs at April 2020, including preliminaries BUT excluding contingencies.
• GFA is inclusive of enclosed basement parking area.
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
7
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.3 Average Mechanical and Electrical Prices
No.
Project
Category
RM/m2 GFA
Aircond
Services
Electrical
Services
Fire
Services
Lift &
Escalators
60 – 520
160 – 290
60 – 90
60 – 160
A.
Transport,
Industrial
Buildings
B.
Administrative
Buildings
260 – 600
300 – 490
70 – 140
130 – 380
C.
Neighbourhood/
Shopping
Centre
350 – 550
320 – 530
70 – 120
110 – 190
D.
Religious
Buildings
20 – 40
280 – 1,000
10 – 20
–
E.
Average
Standard
Apartment
20 – 170
20 – 30
70 – 110
110 – 210
Notes :
• Source: CIDB Cost Benchmark.
• Cost data predominantly extracted from projects in West Malaysia.
• Costs at April 2020, including preliminaries BUT excluding contingencies.
• GFA is inclusive of enclosed basement parking area.
8
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.4 Major Unit Rates
No.
Items
Unit
RM
1.
Excavation (Up to 1.50m deep)
m3
18.00
2.
Hardcore bed; average 150mm thick
m3
93.00
3.
Lean concrete Grade 15
m3
261.20
4.
Vibrated reinforced concrete Grade 30
m3
303.00
5.
Mild steel/ high tensile bar reinforcement
kg
3.70
6.
Sawn formwork to vertical/ horizontal
surfaces
m2
39.00
7.
Half brick wall bedded & jointed in
cement mortar
m2
46.00
8.
Metal deck roofing; 0.48mm thick c/w all
accessories
m2
87.00
9.
Aluminium composite casement windows
m
10.
Timber flush door (hollow core); single
leaf excluding ironmongeries
No.
253.00
11.
One hour fire rated door; single leaf
including ironmongeries
No.
1,200.00
12.
Structural steelwork in column
kg
8.10
13.
19mm thk cement and sand (1:6) plaster
to wall
m2
27.00
14.
20mm thk cement and sand (1:3) paving
to floor
m2
19.00
2
413.00
Notes :
• Cost data predominantly extracted from projects in West Malaysia.
• Measurements based on SMM2.
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
9
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.4 Major Unit Rates (cont’d)
No.
Items
Unit
RM
15.
300mm x 300mm homogeneous tiles
(include floor screed)
m2
16.
4mm thk plainface plaster skim coat
m2
9.80
17.
Aluminium strip ceiling
m2
178.00
18.
9mm thk fibrous plaster ceiling
including drops
m2
58.00
19.
Painting to plastered surfaces; one coat
sealer and two coats of emulsion paint;
internally
m2
7.50
Notes :
• Cost data predominantly extracted from projects in West Malaysia.
• Measurements based on SMM2.
10
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
80.00
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.5 Major Materials Prices
No.
West
Malaysia
(RM)
East
Malaysia
(RM)
Material
Unit
1.
Cement, ordinary
Portland, 50kg
bag
13.50
20.66
2.
Aggregate, granite 3/4”
tonne
36.69
40.22
3.
Normal river sand
tonne
39.08
44.38
4.
Mild steel round bar,
MS146 R10
tonne
2,374.24
2,560.51
5.
High tensile deformed
bar, MS 146 Y10
tonne
2,374.31
2,560.97
6.
BRC A8, MS145
m2
12.84
13.38
7.
Ready mixed concrete,
normal mixed, granite
Grade 30
m3
183.07
272.50
8.
Interlocking concrete
tiles, standard duotone
colour, 420mm x 330mm
piece
1.94
2.43
9.
Plain homogeneous floor
tiles 300mm x 300mm x
8mm-Grade 1
piece
2.91
3.00
10.
External acrylic emulsion,
weather shield
18L
314.78
329.68
11.
Square hollow sections,
150mm x 150mm x 4.0mm
(18.30kg/m)
tonne
3,243.25
3,571.42
Notes :
• Average price in 2019.
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
11
12
Notes:
• Base Index is at Q3 2016.
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
Q3
Q4
Cement
2016
Q1
Q3
2017
Aggregate
Q2
Q4
Q2
Q3
2018
Steel
Reinforcement
Q1
Material Cost Index
West Malaysia
2019
Q1
Ready Mixed
Concrete
Q4
Q2
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.6 Material Cost Index
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
Q3
Q4
Cement
2016
Q1
Q3
Aggregate
2017
Q2
Q4
Q2
Q3
2018
Steel
Reinforcement
Q1
Material Cost Index
East Malaysia
2019
Q1
Ready Mixed
Concrete
Q4
Q2
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.6 Material Cost Index (cont’d)
Notes:
• Base Index is at Q3 2016.
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
13
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.7 Labour Wage Rate
No.
West Malaysia
(RM/day)
Labour
Skilled
Semiskilled
-
60 - 100
1.
General
construction
worker
2.
Concreter
80 - 150
3.
Bricklayer
80 - 150
4.
Plasterer
5.
East Malaysia
(RM/day)
Skilled
Semiskilled
-
70 - 110
60 - 100
90 - 160
70 - 110
60 - 100
90 - 160
70 - 110
80 - 150
60 - 100
90 - 160
70 - 110
Bar bender
80 - 150
60 - 100
90 - 160
70 - 110
6.
Steel structure
fabricator
80 - 200
60 - 100
90 - 210
70 - 110
7.
Plumber-building
and sanitary
80 - 150
60 - 100
90 - 160
70 - 110
8.
Painter
80 - 150
60 - 90
90 - 160
70 - 100
9.
Plant and machine
operator
80 - 250
60 - 200
90 - 270
70 - 210
10.
IBS installer
80 - 180
60 - 100
90 - 190
70 - 110
Notes:
• Average 8 hour/day excluding overtime.
• The range is the lowest and highest price recorded in 2019.
14
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
112.0
Q3
Plasterer
2017
Q2
Bricklayer
Q1
Concreter
Q4
General
Worker
2016
Q3
Q4
Q1
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
Tiler
Q3
2018
Steel Bar
Bender
Q2
2019
Q1
Painter
Carpenter
Q4
Q2
2.8 Labour Cost Index
96.0
98.0
100.0
102.0
104.0
106.0
108.0
110.0
Labour Cost Index
West Malaysia
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
Notes:
• Base Index is at Q3 2016.
15
16
112.0
Notes:
• Base Index is at Q3 2016.
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
96.0
98.0
100.0
102.0
104.0
106.0
108.0
110.0
Plasterer
Bricklayer
Q3
Concreter
Q2
General
Worker
Q1
2017
Q4
2016
Q3
Q4
Q2
Tiler
Q3
2018
Steel Bar
Bender
Q1
Labour Cost Index
East Malaysia
2019
Q1
Painter
Carpenter
Q4
Q2
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.8 Labour Cost Index (cont’d)
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.9 Machinery Hire Rate and Equipment
Purchase Price
No.
Machinery
(Hire Rate)
1.
Hydraulic
excavator
2.
Mini hydraulic
excavator
3.
Operating
Weight
East Malaysia
(RM/day)
710 – 1,600
750 – 1,360
6000kg
380 – 390
400 – 410
Lorry 10
tonnes
BTM
10000kg
520 – 540
550 – 560
4.
Lorry 5 tonnes
BTM
5000kg
330 – 380
360 – 390
5.
Mobile crane
50000kg
1,220 – 2,340
1,290 – 1,920
Backhoe
6783kg –
11000kg
360 – 540
450 – 460
6.
30000kg
West Malaysia
(RM/day)
No.
Equipment
(Purchase
Price)
Capacity
West Malaysia
(RM)
East Malaysia
(RM)
1.
Diesel
generator set
Max output
13HP
4,180 – 4,710
4,760 - 4,800
2.
Air
compressor
5HP,
flowrate:
27.68cfm
4,400 – 4,940
5,000 – 5,100
Notes:
• The range is the lowest and highest price recorded in 2019.
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
17
18
110.0
Notes:
• Base Index is at Q3 2016.
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
90.0
92.0
94.0
96.0
98.0
100.0
102.0
104.0
106.0
108.0
Q3
Q4
2016
Q2
Q3
2017
Excavator/ Backhoe
Q1
Q4
Q1
Q3
2018
Mobile Crane
Q2
Machinery and Equipment Cost Index
West Malaysia
Q4
Q1
Q2
2019
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.10 Machinery and Equipment Cost Index
110.0
90.0
92.0
94.0
96.0
98.0
100.0
102.0
104.0
106.0
108.0
Q3
Q4
2016
Q2
Q3
2017
Excavator/ Backhoe
Q1
Q4
Q2
Q3
2018
Mobile Crane
Q1
Machinery and Equipment Cost Index
East Malaysia
Q4
Q1
Q2
2019
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.10 Machinery and Equipment Cost Index
(cont’d)
Notes:
• Base Index is at Q3 2016.
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
19
Q4
Q3
2019
Q2
Q1
TPI**
TPI - JKR***
Q4
Q3
2018
Q2
Q1
BCI*
Q4
Q3
2017
Q2
Q1
Q4
2016
Q3
102.70
102.80
103.50
103.00
104.20
102.50
105.30
104.70
100.70
102.40
101.20
100.00
100.00
Forecast
496.79
488.33
103.50
522.29
549.30
546.30
546.30
546.30
523.96
501.62
491.96
484.69
112.50
112.30
113.70
105.30
113.10 113.30 113.60
111.50
113.00
118.00
104.40
109.20
2.11 Building Cost Trend
101.90 102.40
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
Notes :
*
Building Cost Index (BCI) with base index at Q3 2016.
** Tender Price Index (TPI) includes both private and public projects with base index
at Q3 2016.
*** TPI – JKR is sourced from Jabatan Kerja Raya with base year at 1980.
20
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
90.0
95.0
100.0
105.0
110.0
115.0
120.0
Q4
2016
Q3
100.0
Q1
102.3 102.0
Q2
104.6
2017
Q3
104.3
Q4
107.4
Q1
110.5
Q2
Q3
2018
Q4
107.7
x 100
109.0 109.2
Building Cost Index
Index = Tender Price Index
Market Condition
Q1
109.2
Q2
110.0
2019
Q3
111.6
Q4
115.2
2.0 | CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
2.12 Market Conditions Index
Notes :
• Base Year 2016.
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
21
ROYAL
INSTITUTION OF
SURVEYORS
MALAYSIA
Over 50 years Surveying the Nation
OUR STORY
ROYAL INSTITUTION
OF SURVEYORS
MALAYSIA (RISM)
is the national professional
body incorporating four
surveying disciplines:
- GEOMATICS & LAND SURVEYING
GEOMATICS AND LAND
SURVEYORS
Geomatics and land surveyors professionals
deal with matters pertaining to mapping,
cadastre, surveying, engineering, remote
sensing
(LiDAR
or
HDS
scanning),
underground
utility
detectation
and
mapping, hydrography, photogrammetry,
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS),
seabed
topographic
mapping
and
geographic, information Systems (GIS).
- QUANTITY SURVEYING
- PROPERTY SURVEYING
- BUILDING SURVEYING
QUANTITY SURVEYORS
Quantity Surveyors are specialise in
managing financial and contractual aspects
in the construction industry.
PROPERTY SURVEYORS
Follow us on social media:
Royal Institution of Surveyors Malaysia
22
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
Property Surveyors provide professional
advisory services in the field of valuation of
tangible and intangible assets, real estate
transaction, property management and
research in property market.
BUILDING SURVEYORS
Building
Surveyors
offer
specialist
services on building inspection and control,
recommending for integrity and compliance
with building laws and managing building
performance.
3.0| LABOUR AND PLANT
CONSTANTS
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
23
3.0 | LABOUR AND PLANT CONSTANTS
3.0 Labour and Plant Constants
All data were collected between March 2018 to March 2019
and computed from field surveys on selected active building
sites of private and public sector projects located in Selangor,
Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Pahang, Negeri Sembilan and Johor. All
respondents are active contractors registered under Grade G7
with CIDB.
The figures are presented in the form of productivity by speed
which is the amount of output produced over a given period namely
one man-hour and one plant-hour, respectively.
The computed labour constant and plant constant also includes
the time spent on tea break, moving of materials within site, idling
time and minor down time occurred within the process of activities
recorded.
Notes:
• Source: CIDB Labour Constant and Plant Constant for Building Construction Works 2019.
24
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
3.0 | LABOUR AND PLANT CONSTANTS
3.1 Labour Constants
Workdone
per man-hour
No.
Trade
1.
Concrete: place only
Ready mixed concrete including vibrating and
trowelling smooth to uniform level in upper
floor slab and beam
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Reinforcement: fabrication and fixing only
6mm, 10mm, 12mm, 16mm, 20mm, 25mm and
32mm rods, BRC A7 & A8 on upper floor slab
and beam
Formwork: fix and dismantle only
System formwork (aluminium) to sides and
soffit of upper floor slab and beam
Brickworks: lay only
100mm thick cement and sand brick wall
bedded and jointed in cement & sand mortar
(1:3) reinforced with and including “exmet”
reinforcement at every fourth course
Wall plaster: labour only
20mm thick internal plaster consist of 2 coats
of cement & sand (1:3) finishing with steel
float including raking out joints of brickwall or
hacking concrete surface for key on sides of
brickwall and associated columns and beams
Wall tiling: labour only
600mm x 300mm wall tiles with cement &
sand (1:3) backing screed, adhesive mortar and
pointed in coloured cement to match
1.41m3/
man-hr
44.84kg/
man-hr
3.72m2/
man-hr
1.38m2/
man-hr
1.08m2/
man-hr
0.84m2/
man-hr
Notes:
• Source: CIDB Labour Constant and Plant Constant for Building Construction Works 2019.
• Rate is inclusive of preparatory works.
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
25
3.0 | LABOUR AND PLANT CONSTANTS
3.1 Labour Constants (cont’d)
No.
7.
8.
9.
Trade
Paving: labour only
25mm thick cement and sand (1:3) paving
trowelled with a steel float to a smooth and
level surface
Floor tiling: labour only
600mm x 300mm floor tiles with cement &
sand (1:3) floor base screed, adhesive mortar
and pointed in coloured cement to match
Painting: labour only
Prepare and apply one (1) primer coat and
two (2) finishing coats internally on surfaces
of plastered sides of wall and associated
columns and beams
Workdone
per man-hour
2.87m2/
man-hr
1.29m2/
man-hr
10.40m2/
man-hr
Notes:
• Source: CIDB Labour Constant and Plant Constant for Building Construction Works 2019.
• Rate is inclusive of preparatory works.
26
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
3.0 | LABOUR AND PLANT CONSTANTS
3.2 Plant Constants
Workdone
per plant-hour
No.
Plant
1.
Piling driving
Drive only 400mm x 400mm precast
concrete pile/ 400mm diameter precast
spun pile with jack-in pile rig
2.
3.
Excavator 20-30 tonnes operating weight
Excavation to foundation/ basement
Dump truck 10 wheels
Disposal of excavated earth off site to
dumping tip within 30km distance
14.29m/
plant-hr
72.15m3/
plant-hr
7.96m3/
plant-hr
4.
Asphalt paver 10-20 tonnes operating weight
Paving of 50mm to 75mm thick binder/
330.88m2/
wearing course
plant-hr
5.
Road roller tandem compactor 6500kg operating weight
Compaction of 50mm to 75mm thick
457.43m2/
binder/ wearing course
plant-hr
6.
Tower crane 1-2 tonnes operating weight
Hoisting of building materials up to 20
storeys height
7.
12.07trip/
plant-hr
Mobile crane 20-30 tonnes operating weight
Hoisting of building materials up to 10
10.55trip/
storeys high
plant-hr
Notes:
• Source: CIDB Labour Constant and Plant Constant for Building Construction Works 2019.
• Rate is inclusive of preparatory works.
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
27
THANK YOU
TO OUR FRONTLINERS
Your selfless service to the greater
community is helping us all get through
these tough times. You are truly a HERO.
28
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
4.0| DATA APPLICATION
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
29
4.0 | DATA APPLICATION
4.1 Calculation for Variation of Price
Example 1
To calculate material price variation for building works between
the award and project completion date.
Calculation:
Material = Material x
VOP**
weightage
Current - Previous BMCI
Previous BMCI
x Value of
workdone
Scenario:
The calculation involve only works section excluding preliminaries,
prime cost sum and provisional sum.
1
Building category
Residential
2
Region
Selangor
3
Awarded month (previous)
July 2017
4
Month of work progress (current)
March 2018
5
Value of work done
RM2.5 mil
6
BMCI* for March 2018
105.2
7
BMCI* for July 2017
106.2
8
Material weightage for concrete
0.80
Calculation:
Material =
VOP**
0.8 x 105.2 - 106.2
106.2
-RM18,832.39
=
Notes :
* Building Material Cost Index (BMCI).
** Variation of price (VOP).
30
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
x RM2.5 mil
4.0 | DATA APPLICATION
4.1 Calculation for Variation of Price (cont’d)
Example 2
To estimate rebar material price variation for tendering exercise
one year from now.
Calculation:
Future material = Current x Current BMCI - Average BMCI
VOP**
material
(for past 3 years)
price
Average BMCI (for past 3 years)
Scenario:
1
Current month
June 2019
2
Purchase of rebar
June 2020
3
Sales price for month of June 2019
for rebar high tensile Y10
RM2,323.33/tonne
4
Current BMCI* (June 2019)
110.1
5
BMCI* (June 2016)
100.0
6
BMCI* (June 2017)
105.7
7
BMCI* (June 2018)
117.9
Calculation:
Average BMCI* for June 2016, June 2017 and June 2018 = 107.87
Future material =
VOP**
=
RM2,323.33/tonne x
110.10 - 107.87
107.87
RM48.03/tonne
Notes :
* Building Material Cost Index (BMCI).
** Variation of price (VOP).
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
31
4.0 | DATA APPLICATION
4.2 Calculation for Building Insurance
Example
To calculate cost of building insurance.
Calculation:
Building insurance = Base building x Current index x (1.0 + f%)
cost
Base index
Scenario :
1
Base building cost
RM80,000,000.00
2
Building category
Residential
3
Region
Selangor
4
Base BCI* in June 2018
99.8
5
Current BCI* in June 2019
101.9
6
f%**
10%
Calculation:
Building insurance = RM80,000,000.00 x
= RM89,851,703.41
Notes :
* Building Cost Index (BCI).
** Factor percentage for demolition & fees.
32
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
101.9 x (1.0 + 0.1)
99.8
4.0 | DATA APPLICATION
4.3 Calculation of Labour Productivity
Example
To estimate time needed for labour to complete internal wall
plastering work.
Calculation:
Time = Total wall
÷ Labour x Number of
needed area internally
constant
worker
÷ Working
time
Scenario:
1
Total wall area internally for
plastering works
1,045m2
2
Labour constant
1.08m2/manhour
3
Number of workers available
7 workers
4
Working time
8 hours/day
Calculation:
Time = 1,045m2 ÷
needed
1.08m2/ x 7 workers ÷ 8 hours/day
manhour
= 17.28days
Notes :
• Assuming there is no disturbance or interruptions that may affect the speed or continuation
of the work for whatever reason including bad weather etc.
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
33
4.0 | DATA APPLICATION
4.4 Calculation of Plant Productivity
Example
To estimate plant time to complete basement excavation work.
Calculation:
Time = Total volume ÷
Plant x Number of
needed
of excavated
constant
plant
soil
÷ Working
time
Scenario:
1
Total volume of excavated soil
6700m3
2
Plant constant
72.15m3/plant-hour
3
Number of plant available
2 excavators
4
Working time
8 hours/day
Calculation:
Time = 6700m3 ÷
needed
72.15m3/ x 2 excavators ÷ 8 hours/
plant-hour
day
= 5.81 days
Notes :
• Assuming there is no major disturbance or interruptions or plant breakdown that may
affect the speed or continuation of the work for whatever reason including bad weather
etc.
34
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
5.0| USEFUL Information
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
35
5.0 | USEFUL INFORMATION
5.1 Estimating Rules of Thumb
Concrete composition (per m3)
Mix
Cement
Sand
1:3:6
216 kg
0.45 m3
Aggregate
0.90 m3
1:2:4
308 kg
0.43 m
0.86 m3
1:1:2
540 kg
0.38 m
3
0.75 m3
3
Concrete components/ weight
Material
Weight
Cement
1441 kg/m3
Steel
7843 kg/m3
Aggregate
1350 kg/m3
Sand
1600 kg/m3
Average volume of loads
36
Item I
Volume
Lorry
7 - 8 m3
Barge
200 – 1450 m3
Concrete truck (24 ton)
5.50 m3
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
5.0 | USEFUL INFORMATION
5.1 Estimating Rules of Thumb (cont’d)
Dimensions for sports grounds*
Type
Length
Soccer playing field
115 m
Width
75 m
Futsal court
25 m – 42 m
15 m – 25 m
Badminton court
20 m
10 m
Tennis court
Basketball court
40 m
38 m
20 m
23 m
Concrete ratios per floor area**
Concrete/building superstructure
Ratio
Concrete/floor area
0.3 m3/m2 – 0.6 m3/m2
Formwork/floor area
2.2 m2/m2 – 3.0 m2/m2
Reinforcement/concrete volume
160 kg/m3 – 250 kg/m3
External wall/floor ratio
Building
Ratio
Residential apartments
1.0 m2/m2
Office, hotel
0.4 m2/m2
Internal wall/floor ratio
Building
Ratio
Residential apartments
1.0 m2/m2
Office, hotel
0.5 m2/m2
Notes :
* The measurements above are appropriate for a single court. No seating or support area
for the spectators was allowed.
** The above ratios are indicative and for reference purposes only. They do not account for
buildings with special shapes and configurations.
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
37
5.0 | USEFUL INFORMATION
5.2 Unit Conversion
Simply multiply the Imperial measurement by the factor next to
the conversion you wish to make using the formula. Conversely,
simply divide by the same factor if you want to transform Metric
measure into Imperial measure.
To convert
Multiply by
Length
Inches to millimetres
Inches to centimetres
Inches to metres
Feet to millimetres
Feet to centimetres
Feet to metres
Yards to metres
Miles to kilometres
To convert
25.4
2.54
0.0254
304.8
30.48
0.3048
0.9144
1.609344
Multiply by
Area
Square inches to square millimetres
Square inches to square centimetres
Square feet to square centimetres
Square feet to square metres
Acres to square metres
Acres to hectares
Square miles to square kilometres
38
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
645.16
6.4516
929.0304
0.092903
4046.8564
0.4046856
2.589988
5.0 | USEFUL INFORMATION
5.2 Unit Conversion (cont’d)
To convert
Multiply by
Volume
Cubic inches to cubic centimetres
Cubic inches to litres
Cubic feet to cubic metres
Cubic feet to litres
Gallons to litres
Gallons to cubic metres
To convert
16.387064
0.016387
0.0283168
28.316847
4.54609
0.0045461
Multiply by
Mass
Pounds to kilograms
Tons to kilograms
Tons to metric tonnes
To convert
0.4535924
1016.0469
1.01605
Multiply by
Power
Horsepower to watts
Horsepower to kilowatts
745.7
0.7457
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
39
5.0 | USEFUL INFORMATION
5.3 Weights and Measures
Metric measures and equivalents
Length
1
1
1
1
millimetre (mm)
centimetre (cm)
metre (m)
kilometre (km)
= 10 mm
= 100 cm
= 1000 m
= 0.0394 in
= 0.3937 in
= 1.0936 yd
= 0.6214 mile
=
=
=
=
= 0.1550 in2
= 1.1960 yd2
= 2.4710 acres
= 0.3861 mile2
Area
1 sq cm (cm2)
1 sq metre (m2)
1 hectare (ha)
1 sq km (km2)
100 mm2
10000 cm2
10000 m2
100 ha
Volume/ Capacity
1 cubic cm (cm3)
1 cubic decimeter (dm3)
1 cubic metre (m3)
1 litre (ℓ)
= 1000 cm3
= 1000 dm3
= 1 dm3
= 0.0610 in3
= 0.0353 ft3
= 1.3080 yd3
= 1.76 pt
1 hectolitre (hℓ)
= 100 ℓ
= 21997 gal
Mass (Weight)
1 gram (g)
1 kilogram (kg)
1 tonne (t)
40
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
= 1000 mg
= 1000 g
= 1000 kg
= 0.0353 oz
= 2.2046 lb
= 0.9842 ton
5.0 | USEFUL INFORMATION
5.3 Weights and Measures (cont’d)
Imperial measures and equivalents
Length
1
1
1
1
1
inch (in)
foot (ft)
yard (yd)
mile
int. nautical mile
=
=
=
=
12 in
3 ft
1760 yd
2025.4 yd
= 2.54 cm
= 0.3048 m
= 0.9144 m
= 1.6093 km
= 1.853 km
=
=
=
=
144 in2
9 ft2
4840 yd2
640 acres
= 6.4516 cm2
= 0.0929 m2
= 0.8361 m2
= 4046.9 m2
= 2.59 km2
Area
1
1
1
1
1
sq inch (in2)
sq foot (ft2)
sq yard (yd2)
acre
sq mile (mile2)
Volume/ Capacity
1 cubic inch (in3)
1 cubic foot (ft3)
1 fluid ounce (fℓ oz)
1 pint (pt)
1 gallon (gal)
= 1728 in3
= 16.387 cm3
= 0.0283 m3
= 28.413mℓ
= 20 fℓ oz
= 8 pt
= 0.5683 ℓ
=
=
=
=
=
= 28.35 g
= 0.4536 kg
= 6.3503 kg
= 50.802 kg
= 1.016 t
= 4.5461 ℓ
Mass (Weight)
1
1
1
1
1
ounce (oz)
pound (lb)
stone
hundredweight (cwt)
ton
437.5 grains
16 oz
14 lb
112 lb
20 cwt
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
41
5.0 | USEFUL INFORMATION
5.4 Formulae
No
Figure
Perimeter
Surface Area
Volume
-
½ ah
-
2πr
πr²
-
-
2(ab + bc + ca)
Abc
-
2 π rh
(curved surface)
2 π r (h + r)
(total surface)
πr²h
-
½(base perimeter) ℓ + A
⅓ Ah
-
4πr²
1⅓ πr³
-
πr ℓ
(curved surface)
πr (ℓ + r)
(total surface)
⅓πr²h
h
1
a
r
2
c
3
b
a
r
4
5
h
h
ℓ
A
r
6
7
ℓ
h
r
42
| BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020
5.0 | USEFUL INFORMATION
5.4 Formulae (cont’d)
IRREGULAR VOLUMES
Prismoidal Formula
Volume = 1/6 x ℓ x (A1 + 4A2 + A3)
Divide the length into 2 number of sections at equal length.
ℓ is total length
A is area of cross sections
A1
A2
A3
Simpson’s Rule
Volume = 1/3 x ℓ x (A1st end + 4Aeven offset + 2Aodd offset… + A2nd end)
Divide the length into even number of sections equally.
ℓ is the length between cross sections
A is area of the cross sections
A1st end
Aeven
Aodd
Aeven
A2nd end
BCISM POCKET COSTBOOK 2020 |
43
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Disclaimer:
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any form without prior
written permission from Building Cost Information Services Malaysia (BCISM) Sdn Bhd.
The information contained herein should be regarded as indicative and for general guidance only. Whilst
every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, no responsibility can be accepted for errors and omissions,
however caused.
Unless otherwise stated, costs reflected in this costbook are Malaysian cost at 4th quarter 2019.