FIRE FIGHTING
DRILL
Nabaz Karim
Fire Fighting Chief
What is the burning?
• a flammable or combustible material, in combination with a sufficient
quantity of oxygen gas or another oxygen-rich compound, is exposed to
a source of heat or ambient temperature above the flash point for the
fuel/oxidizer mix and is able to sustain a rate of rapid oxidation that
produces a chain reaction.
What is the burning?
HEAT
(ENERGY)
OXYGEN
SOURCE OF HEAT
OPEN FLAME,SUN,HOT
SURFACE,SPARKS,FRIC
TION,CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
%16 OXYGEN
CHAIN REACTION
GAS MATERIAL
METAN
ETAN
PROPAN
BÜTAN
HYDROGEN
ACETYLENE
ARSENİC
AMMONIA
KARBON MONOKSİT
LIQUID MATERIAL
MATERIAL
GASOLINE,FUEL OIL
DIESEL,DYE
TULUOL
BUTANOL
KATRAN,NEFT
OLIVE OIL
FISHOIL
ALCHOL
What is the fire?
What are the fire reasons?
1- carelessness and negligence ‫ئیهمالی و کەمتەرخەمی‬
2- intention and sabotage ‫بە مەبەست و تێکدەری‬
3- natural calamity ‫کارەساتی سروشتی‬
4- animal risks ‫مەترسی ئاژەڵ‬
5- lack of inspection and maintenance‫پشکنین و چاکردناوە نادروستی لە‬
6- no care instructions about fire‫گرینگی نەدان بە رێنماییەکان دەربارەی ئاگر‬
8- ignorance about fire ‫نەزانین دەربارەی ئاگر‬
Classificcation of fires
Classificcation of fires
What is the fire ?
• A TYPE : SOLİD MATERIAL FIRE
• It is a simple combustible solid material fire. (for example: wood, paper,
textile materials.)
• It’s base of the property is they burn with ember. The basic
extinguishing principle is cooling (to take heat under the burning point)
and basic extinguishing material s water.
What is the fire ?
• B TYPE: LIQUID MATERIAL FIRE
• Its base of the property is they burn flamming without ember.
• The basic extinguishing principle is to smother oxygen (to push oxygen)
• and basic extinguishing materials are foam and BC chemical powders.
What is the fire ?
• C TYPE : GAS FIRE
• Its base of the property is they burn flame up or explosion.
• The basic extinguishing principle is smother oxygen (to push oxygen )
• and basic extinguishing material is BC chemical powders. and you
should cut the coming gas.
Extinguishing principles
• We have 4 sorts of extinguish principles to fight with fire.
a- Cooling
b- Smother
c- Stoping flamable materials
d- Breaking of chain reaktion
Extinguishing principles
a – Cooling :
• All flamable material have a burning point, they don’t start to burn until its heat
reaches their burning point.
• if we have a fire, a sort of extinguish is a way to reduce materials heat to materials
burning point, for exmple wool: wools burning heat is 600 C°, if we reduced its heat
to 550 C° burning will stop…
Cooling
Cooling
Extinguishing principles
b- Smother :
• All fires need a sufficient quantity of oxygen to continue, They need
minumum %16 of oxygen in the fire Area, and in the air we have %21
of oxygen, if we can reduce oxygen to less %16 in the fired Area, the
fire will stop.
Smother
Extinguishing principles
c- Stoping flamable materials
• Some of fires, if there is no spread you can stop fire easly by closing the
coming valve (cutting the incoming gas), it will burn until material finish
and there won’t come anymore flamable material so it will stop.
Stoping flamable material
Extinguishing principles
d- Breaking of chain reaktion
• When you use a CO2 fire extinguishers to burned materials, CO2 pushs oxygen
away from the burning area so the fire can’t find enough oxygen to continue.
• also chemical powder covers burning materials surface and fire can’t find enough
oxygen to continue.
Breaking of chain reaktion
Extinguishing materials
• To fighting with fire there are many sorts of materials, So you have to
know how to choose the true extinguishing material
• if u choose a wrong extinguishing material, maybe u will make a bigger
fire and help fire to grow instead of extinguishing it.
• Fire extinguishing materials…
a) Water
b) Foam
c) Chemical powder
d) CO2
Extinguishing materials
• WATER :
• It is the most used extinguishing material in the world for fire fighting.
• it’s a basic material for solid fires, because (% 90) of all fires are solid fires.
• Water advantages for fire fighting :
- Is cheaper than other extinguishing materials.
- Is harmless for human
- Is succesfull material for solid fires like textile,wooden,papper fires
- You can find it easily
Extinguishing materials
• Water disadvantage for fire fighting:
- It will freeze under 0 C, so sometimes it won’t be easy to handle it especially
during winter time.
- When water is frozen,its volume becames %10 bigger than its liquid face. so it
will demage its vessel.
- Water is a conductor material, so if it is used to high voltage areas it will be
dangerous because it will transfer Electricity to the firefighter.
- Some of flameble liquid metarials can’t dissolve in the water, (for exmple:
oils,solvents)
- İf it is used for flamable liquid fires, water drops will vaporize 2,000 more than
its normal times. and flame will go up and fire will be bigger in a short time
- When gas starts to burn, water is not effective to extinguish it.
- water will corrode irons like pipes because water will affects with phosphate
and acid carbonites.
Extinguishing materials
• FOAM :
• formula of foam.
water + detergent + air with pressure.
• İts density is under oil and water’s density and it can stick horizontal or vertical
surfaces so it can cover burning liquids and disconnect oxygen and burning
liquid material, so the flamable gases will not release and oxygen can’t come to
the burning liquid, So the fire stops.
• Foam is the best extinguishing material for liquid fires
• Foam will covers burning materials
• Foam suppresses burning materials
• Foam separates burning materials
• Foam cools burning materials
Extinguishing materials
• POWDER :
• ABC powder is (monoammonium phosphate).
• Solid, liquid and gas fires can be extinguished by the powder.
• İt will make a separation line between flamable metarial and oxygen, and it
obstruck to burning materials flamable smoke.
• it cools down the heat of burning materials.
• Powder are smothers
• Powder stops the chain reaction
Extinguishing materials
• CARBON DIOXIDE :
• It is a non-flammable gas under extreme pressure.
• These extinguishers are fight fires by displacing oxygen, or taking away the
oxygen element of the fire triangle,
• Because of its high pressure, when you use this extinguisher, pieces of dry ice
shoot from the horn, which also has a cooling effect on the fire.
• Corbon dioxide is effective liquid and electricity fires from 1,5-4 meters.
• Dont use high voltage fires…
Extinguishing materials
Extinguishing materials
Extinguishing materials
Extinguishing materials
• if you see a fire in work areas or camp area ;
- Don’t panic! Follow below procedure
if you have a mobile radio, call the Firefighting Team, if you don’t have a
mobile radio, call these numbers (0000) with your mobile phone and tell them
1. who u are: your name ,your duty
2. where is the fire?
3. what is burning?
4. is there any victims or lost employees?
5. if you don’t have a radio or mobile ; scream!! , then warn other employees
about fire
7. if fire units havent came to fire area , and if you are sure that you will be in
safe ,try to extinguish fire, if it is going bigger, stop fighting and run away to the
safe area…
Have a good day with out fire