SCHOOLWORK #1
Practical Research II Title: Factors Affecting the Reading Comprehension of Students Under
the TVL Track at Demetrio L. Alviola National High School
Research Problem
General Objective

Reading comprehension
difficulties
To provide the basis of what
reading intervention can be
made to reading coordinators



Specific Questions
At what level or
degree does the
cognitive aspect affect
the reading
comprehension of
students under the
TVL Track?
At what level or
degree does the
physical aspect affect
the reading
comprehension of
students under the
TVL Track?
At what level or
degree does the
environmental aspect
affect the reading
comprehension of
students under the
TVL Track?
What reading
comprehension aspect
(cognitive, physical,
or environmental) has
the highest level or
degree?
SCHOOLWORK #1
Research Project Title: The Correlation Between the Study Habits and Academic Performance
of Students Under the Academic Track at Demetrio L. Alviola National High School
Research Problem
Lack of motivation in
creating good habits
General Objective
To improve the student’s
academic performance




Specific Questions
What are the good
study habits of
students on the
academic track?
What are the bad
study habits of
students on the
academic track?
What are the secondsemester grades of
students under the
academic track?
Is there a significant
relationship between
the study habits of
students under the
academic track and
their academic
performance?
SCHOOLWORK #2
Practical Research II Title: The Correlation Between the Study Habits and Academic Performance
of Students Under the Academic Track at Demetrio L. Alviola National High School
Research Design: Correlational
Research Question #1: What are the good study habits of students on the academic track?
Variable/s: Study habits
Respondents: Students on the academic track
Research Question #2: What are the good study habits of students on the academic track?
Variable/s: Study habits
Respondents: Students on the academic track
Research Question #3: What are the second-semester grades of students under the academic
track?
Variable/s: Second-semester grades
Respondents: Students on the academic track
Research Question #4: Is there a significant relationship between the study habits of students
under the academic track and their academic performance?
Independent Variable: Study habits
Dependent Variable: Academic performance
Respondents: Students under the academic track
SCHOOLWORK #2
Practical Research II Title: Factors Affecting the Reading Comprehension of Students Under the
TVL Track at Demetrio L. Alviola National High School
Research Design: Descriptive
Research Question #1: At what level or degree does the cognitive aspect affect the reading
comprehension of students under the TVL Track?
Variable/s: Environmental factors affecting reading comprehension
Respondents: Students under the TVL track
Research Question #2: At what level or degree does the physical aspect affect the reading
comprehension of students under the TVL Track?
Variable/s: Physical factors affecting reading comprehension
Respondents: Students under the TVL track
Research Question #3: At what level or degree does the environmental aspect affect the reading
comprehension of students under the TVL Track?
Variable/s: Environmental factors affecting reading comprehension
Respondents: Students under the TVL track
Research Question #4: What reading comprehension aspect (cognitive, physical, or
environmental) has the highest degree?
Variable/s: Factors affecting reading comprehension
Respondents: Students under the TVL track
SCHOOLWORK #3
Background of the Study
Overview of the Topic (What do you want readers to know about concerning your topic?)
Paragraph 1- General
information about your Topic
(What is happening now about the
issue you want to study)?
Students of all ages are continuously pressured by
peers, parents, teachers, and society to attain academic
achievement. They are urged to prioritize their studies and
place more time and effort into advancing their intellect in
order to acquire excellent academic results.
However, attaining academic achievement is not an
easy task. A multitude of factors must come into play for
an individual to accomplish their academic goals. In a
study conducted by Arora and Singh (2017), one of the
factors that influence students’ academic performance,
along with personality traits, students’ personal interests,
and the teaching skills of educators, is study habits.
According to Coursera (2023), good study habits include
finding a quiet location to study, setting clear study goals,
taking practice tests, conducting a study group, and
scheduling consistent study sessions. Students must
employ effective study habits in order to comprehend the
learning material more easily, and also reach their
academic goals.
Paragraph 2-Context of your
topic
(What are the conditions, settings,
and situations with respect to your
topic?)
(Who is directly or indirectly
involved?)
Paragraph 3- Justification of
your topic
In the study “LEARNING STYLES, STUDY HABITS
AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF FILIPINO
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN APPLIED SCIENCE
COURSES: IMPLICATIONS FOR INSTRUCTION”
conducted at Cagayan State University at Lasam
(Philippines) the set of study habits of students enrolled in
the applied science courses that prepare themselves better
for their academics are the following: time management,
note taking, test preparation, test taking, and managing test
anxiety.
By determining the relationship between students’ study
habits and academic performance, students involved in the
study and their peers can have a clear understanding of
what study habits to follow in order to reach their
academic goals.
(Why should we pay attention to
the topic we want to study?)
(Why should we care about your
topic?)
(Why is there a need to focus on
your topic)?
SCHOOLWORK #3
Background of the Study
Overview of the Topic (What do you want readers to know about concerning your topic?)
This topic contains the factors affecting the reading comprehension of students under the TVL
track at DLANHS Senior High. Since reading comprehension plays a crucial role in academic
success, it serves as a tool for students to comprehend and advance their understanding. There
are many factors affecting the students’ reading comprehension. These factors include
cognitive, environmental, and physical conditions.
Paragraph 1- General
information about your Topic
(What is happening now about the
issue you want to study)?
Paragraph 2-Context of your
topic
(What are the conditions, settings,
and situations with respect to your
topic?)
(Who is directly or indirectly
involved?)
Paragraph 3- Justification of
your topic
(Why should we pay attention to
the topic you want to study)?
(Why should we care about your
topic?)
There are many factors that can affect a learner's reading
comprehension. Teachers, parents, and learners should
understand how a poor grade may reflect something
beyond lackluster effort. Some of the factors are related to
cognitive, environmental, and physical conditions. If a
learner's reading comprehension level is below, in most
cases it automatically implies difficulties in the acquisition
of several other subjects, consequently obtaining
education in general (Sosnowki, 2015).
There are many reasons why reading comprehension is
low among Filipinos. It is not just because of social media
and the internet, as most online content requires
significant reading comprehension. The reading habits of
Filipinos may have changed due to the way we consume
information like instant noodles. Additionally, there could
be lapses in the education system where comprehension is
not being prioritized. Parents may also not encourage
reading at home, instead allowing children to engage in
other activities.
The Philippines scored lowest in reading comprehension
among 79 participating countries and economies in the
2018 Programme for International Student Assessment
(PISA). The country's average reading score of 340 was
more than 200 points lower than China’s (555) and more
than 100 points below the OECD average (487).
Socioeconomic status accounts for 18% of the variance in
reading performance in the country, compared to the
OECD average of 12%. The country has the largest
(Why is there a need to focus on
your topic)?
percentage of low performers in reading among socioeconomically disadvantaged students. Average class sizes
of 15-year-olds in the Philippines are the largest, and the
ratio of students to teaching staff in socio-economically
disadvantaged schools is the highest. (Ed Gumban,
Philippine Star, Dec 2019). Moreover, the researchers also
observed that low reading comprehension among students
is a problem faced by most teachers in Demetrio L.
Alviola National High School-Senior High. It is a
challenging task for teachers to tackle struggling learners
and to make them learn lessons, homework, and classwork
while dealing with them patiently.
SCHOOLWORK #4
Practical Research II Title: Factors Affecting the Reading Comprehension of Students Under
the TVL Track at Demetrio L. Alviola National High School
Title: A Study of Factors Affecting EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension Skill and the
Strategies for Improvement
Year of Publication: September 2016
Name of Journal/ Publication: Canadian Center of Science and Education
Link: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Abbas-PourhoseinGilakjani/publication/268029418_A_Study_on_the_Role_of_Motivation_in_Foreign_Language
_Learning_and_Teaching/links/5943ee220f7e9b6910ee25db/A-Study-on-the-Role-ofMotivation-in-Foreign-Language-Learning-and-Teaching.pdf
Notes/ Important Information/ Major Findings:
The study’s important information/findings are as follows:
1. The use of reading comprehension strategies assists EFL learners in understanding the texts
easily. EFL learners should read more authentic texts to have a better reading
understanding of different kinds of written texts in their language.
2. Having a good reading habit helps learners understand authentic texts, although some texts
are not pertinent to their interests. Successful readers try to apply different factors and skills
to get the meaning of texts.
3. EFL teachers should encourage their learners to identify the factors that can influence them
to get a deep understanding of what they read. These learners should be involved in the
reading process through the use of various strategies to monitor their meaning. All of these
factors and strategies work together to make the meaning processes easy and effective.
4. The findings of this study showed that EFL teachers should motivate their learners to read
different materials, recognize their learners’ comprehension difficulties, and have positive
opinions about their reading activities to easily understand the different texts. EFL teachers
should provide information about the weaknesses of their learners to develop good reading
comprehension skills.
Title: FACTORS AFFECTING THE READING COMPREHENSION OF SECONDARY
STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES
Author/s: Karen L. Sanford
Year of Publication: May 2015
Name of Journal/Publication: University of San Francisco, Research
Link:https://repository.usfca.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1125&context=diss&fbclid=IwAR
1hEaLhChq04Do2VEi2-ENJpgHUYQc33AaQ2YQxDlVp0Q4TT4dkTXMERi8
Notes/ Important information/Major Findings: Her findings were as follows:
The study’s important information/findings are as follows:
1. Strategic reading is also important to comprehension. Working memory and prior knowledge
are also needed to comprehend. For learners, word recognition was the best predictor of reading
comprehension suggesting that prior knowledge was more beneficial in helping students
decode/read words, which in turn improves comprehension. When word recognition and prior
knowledge are regressed onto reading comprehension, prior knowledge does become significant;
however, word recognition continues to be more highly predictive of reading comprehension.
2. Working memory contributed the least to the regression model in the current study; however, it
was directly related to reading comprehension. In this study, working memory was measured using
five different instruments.
3. Students were presented with a series of both narrative and expository text to read, they were
required to predict and draw conclusions about what they read. These skills required them to reflect
upon what they learned directly from the text, and integrate that with their general knowledge
about the content.
4. One summation from their research was that both reading comprehension and reading habits
fostered vocabulary growth over and above general intelligence.
5. Word recognition as an integral step for early literacy in the elementary school grades, but little
research has focused on the importance of word recognition to reading comprehension for 165
secondary students.
6. One finding from their study was that skilled word readers do not rely on morphological
awareness because each word conveys meaning that affects comprehension.
Title: Factors Affecting the Reading Comprehension of Intermediate Level Learners: Basis
for An Intervention Program
Authors: Rossana Torres - Department of Education of the Philippines
Year of publication: July 2019
Name of journal/ publication: ResearchGate
Link: https://www.researchgate.net/
Notes/ Important Information/ Major Findings :
The study’s important information/findings are as follows:
1. The strategy of the teacher did not affect the reading comprehension of the learners. In the
study of Valencia (2006), she got the same result that the teacher factor has no significant
effect on the learners' reading skills.
2. Home-related factors have a very significant effect that affects the reading comprehension
of the learners. This is tested by the respondents whose parents' educational level had only
attained elementary education. If parents have a good educational background, it would be
easier for them to lead and help their children with their academic difficulties, especially
in reading. Same in the parent's occupation and several siblings, where nutritious food
intake is possible if family income is suitable for the family's needs.
3. Learners who did not read reading materials at house or school affect their reading
comprehension skills. Camosa (1987) in De Leon (2009) states that if the child is exposed
to reading materials it would have a great impact on the reading habit and interest of the
learners.
4. Learner-related factors such as prior knowledge, understanding, and motivation if low
hindered the reading comprehension skills of the students. Furthermore, prior knowledge
plays a vital role in learners' comprehension by the schema theory.
SCHOOLWORK #4
Research Project Title: The Correlation Between the Study Habits and Academic Performance
of Students Under the Academic Track at Demetrio L. Alviola National High School
Title: The Correlation Between Study Habits and the Academic Achievement of High
School Pupils
Authors: Asha Sasi1 and Anju A.R.
Year of publication: Received August 25, 2020; Revised November 13, 2020; Accepted
November 29, 2020
Name of journal/ publication: Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(12A): 7359-7366,
2020
Link:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348997121_The_Correlation_between_Study_Ha
bits_and_the_Academic_Achievement_of_High_School_Pupils
Notes/ Important Information/ Major Findings:
The study’s important information/findings are as follows:
1. Based on the data gathered, 61.7% of the subjects had satisfactory study habits and 45.6%
of the subjects had good academic achievement.
2. There is a positive correlation between study habits and academic achievements among
high school students. That means the score of academic achievement (vertical variable) is
directly proportional to the score of study habits (horizontal variable).
3. The outcome reveals that there was a positive correlation prevailing between study habits
and the academic achievement of high school pupils. That means an increase in the score
of study habits will also increase academic achievement among high school pupils. So, the
study settled that if pupils are maintaining satisfactory and proper study habits, then their
academic achievement would definitely improve.
4. Deprived study habits will be upshot in poor academic accomplishment. The study also
depicts that, sociodemographic variables like gender, most favorite hobby, involvement in
extra-curricular activities, failure in academic exams, and habit of note-taking influenced
the study habits and the academic achievement of selected high school pupils.
Title: Study of the Relationship Between Study Habits and Academic Achievement of
Students: A case of Spicer Higher Secondary School, India
Authors: Evans Atsiaya and Julius K. Maiyo
Year Of Publication: September 2015
Name of Journal/ Publication: International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy
Studies
Link: https://academicjournals.org/journal/IJEAPS/article-full-text-pdf/A18769055459
Notes/ Important Information/ Major Findings:
The study’s important information/findings are as follows:
1. Majority of students‟ exhibit average study habits, despite higher academic performance
indicated in earlier observations. 22 students showed unsatisfactory study habits and
notably 8 students practiced very unsatisfactory habits.
2. Results of this study revealed a positive relationship of 0.66 between study habits and
academic achievement.
3. The results implied that study habits need significant attention if we are to improve
performance.
4. There was a clear finding that the teachers and students seem not to take an effort in
developing good study habits.
Title: Technology Exposure: It’s Relationship to the Study Habits and Academic
Performance of Students
Author/s: Berondo, R. G., & Dela Fuente, J. A.
Year of Publication: 2021-10-13
Name of Journal/Publication: U.S. Department of Education, PDF
Link: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1077791.pdf
Notes/ Important information/ Major Findings:
Their findings were as follows:
1. Majority of students (48.2%) had average study habits, 25.9% unsatisfactory study habits,
16.5% good study habits and 9.4% very unsatisfactory, class mean was found to be 55.33 in
study habits.
2. The time spent on studying helps students to retain the materials learned, which will
eventually boost the students‟ performance outcome during tests or examinations.
3. There is excellence performance, 4 students scored above 95. Concentration of scores, 56
students scored between 64.5 and 85.5. Only one student scored below average. The mean score
was 74.4%. The performance is generally above average. Score range was found to be 48 marks.
4. Results of their study revealed a positive relationship of 0.66 between study habits and
academic achievement.
5. The data were gathered using a standardized survey questionnaire and analyzed using
descriptive statistics: mean percentage, frequency count, and standard deviation. For the
inferential statistics: t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson r correlation at 0.05 level of
significance through the aid of the SPSS software version 27.
6..Male students have significantly higher exposure to technology which was inferred that this
group of students has a greater chance to excel academically in Social Studies subject. The
academic institution should look at it as a gender bias issue that should be addressed by providing
equal opportunities to different gender preferences as to their exposure to technology for the
academic endeavor.
Compare and Contrast
Similarities: All results of the studies show a significant relationship between study habits and
academic performance. Additionally, all the respondents in the studies are in high school.
Differences: Respondents in each study have study habits that range from satisfactory to
unsatisfactory and academic performance that range from above average to average. Moreover,
each variable included other variables like gender and technology and determined the
relationship between it and study habits and academic performance.
Chosen Research: The Correlation Between Study Habits and the Academic Achievement of
High School Pupils