Ways ofThinking about Engineering Design
•
•
•
•
IDEA
NEED
PROPOSAL
BRIEF
Output
Design for Function!
Safely/Manufacture
DESIGNLAYOUTS
• RETIRED PRODUCT
• RECYCLED PRODUCT
• SCRAPPRODUCT
Figure 1.S. Schematic of basic design and manufacturing process
19
116
Managing Engineering Design
DESIGN SPECIFICATION CHECKLIST
REQUIREMENTS
CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS
POINTS TO CONSIDER
Overallgeometry
Motionof parts
Forcesinvolved
Energy needed
Materialsto be used
Control system
Information flow
Size, height, width, length, diameter, space, number, arrangement
Type, directionof motion, velocities, acceleration, kinematics
Load direction, magnitude, weight,load, impact,stiffness, inertia
Heating,cooling,conversion, efficiency, pressure, temperature, storage
Flow, transport, properties, implications, regulation, life-cycle
Electrical, electronic, hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical
Inputs, outputs, form, display, computer
SAFETY
Operational
Human
Environmental
Direct, indirect,hazardelimination, safeguarding
Warnings, training, instruction, personalprotection
Land, sea, air, noise, light, radiation, reaction, transport, emergencies
QUALITY
Qualityassurance
Qualitycontrol
Reliability
Regulations, standards, codes, accreditation
Inspection, testing, measuringtolerances, labeling
Design life,failures,statistics
Production of components
Purchaseof components
Assembly
Transport
Factorylimitations, maximum dimensions, meansof production, wastage
Supplierquality and reliability,inspection
Specialregulations, installation, siting, foundations, bolting, welding
Material handling, clearance, packaging
Design schedule
Developmentschedule
Production schedule
Deliveryschedule
Projectplanning,projectcontrol
Design detailing, in-housetests, compliance tests
Manufacture, assembly, qualityassurance, packing, transport
Delivery date, distributionnetwork
Marketinganalysis
Design costs
Development costs
Manufacturing costs
Distributioncosts
Size of market, strengthof market, distribution, servicing
Design team, computing, informationretrieval, reproduction
Designdetailing, suppliercosts, testingcosts
Tooling, labor,overhead, assembly, inspection, cost to customer
Packing, transport,servicecenters, spare parts, warranty
ERGONOMIC
User needs
Ergonomicdesign
Cyberneticdesign
Typeof operation, instructions, warnings
Humaninterfacerelationships, operation, height, layout, comfort, lighting
Controls,layout, clarity, interactions
ECOLOGICAL
Materialselection
Workingfluid selection
FUNCTIONAL
MANUFACTURING
TIMING
ECONOMIC
Solid, liquid, gas, stability, protection, toxicity, safety
Liquid, gas, flammability, toxicity
AESTHETIC
Customerappeal
Fashion
Future expectations
Shape, color, texture, form, feel, smell
Culture, history, trends
Rate of change,trends
LIFE-CYCLE
Distribution
Operation
Maintenance
Disposal
Meansof transport, natureand condilionsof dispatch, rules, regulations
Quietness, wear,specialuses, wor1<ing environments, foreseeable misuse
Servicing intervals, inspection, exchange and repair, painting, cleaning
Recycle, scrap
Figure 6.3. Design specification checklist
Design Specification:Clarification of the Task
DESIGN SPECIFICATION WORKSHEET
I
I Issue Date:
Name 01Project:
Page:
117
01
Requirements:
D
D
D
Functional
Safety
Quality
DemandlWish
D
D
D
Manufacturing
Timing
Economic
D
D
D
Ergonomic
Ecological
D
D
Life-cycle
Other
Aesthetic
Itemized list:
Figure 6.4. Design specification work sheet
Name 01
Contributor:
Date 01
Change:
118
Managing Engineering Design
DESIGN SPECIFICATION WORK SHEET
Name of Project: FORMWAY OFFICECHAIR"LIFE"
I
Issue Date: February 1998
I
Page:
21
of
30
Requirements:
CJ Functional
CJ Safety
CJ Quality
CJ Manufacturing
CJ TIming
CJ Economic
CJ Ergonomic
•
CJ
Ecological
Aesthetic
Itemized list:
DemandlWish
CJ Life-cycle
CJ Other
Name of
Contributor:
Materials selection
D
Material auantities minimized without comoromisina
function, Quality, aesthetics, or applicable standards
J.G., K.V. & M.P
W
Materials with recycledcontent (oost-consurnen
J.G., K V. & M.P
W
Materials void of toxic/hazardous substances
J.G., KV. & M.P
W
Materials derived from renewable sources
J.G., K.V. & M.P
D
Materials commonly recycled and supported by
collectionsystems
J.G., K.V. & M.P
W
Materials produced using low-energy methods
J.G., K.V. & M.P
D
Materials must not contribute to Sick Building
Syndrome or other indoor air quality problems
J.G., KV. & M.P
W
Materials thatarenon ozone depleting
J.G., K.V. & M.P
D
Minimizediversity of material types used
J.G., x.v & M.P
D
Wood-based materials andnatural fibers from sustainable
agricultural operations sustainably managed
plantations and certified accordingly
W
J.G., K.V. & M.P
Avoid wood-basedmaterials containingtoxic or
hazardous substances (attn to ureaformaldehyde)
D
Use textiles thatarewoven or dyed through cleaner
D
Allow forrefurbishmentand recyclingwhen specifying
production methods
J.G., K.V. & M.P
J.G., K.V. & M.P
textures and designingfasteningmethods
J.G., K.V. & M.P
D
Minimizeoff-cuts &byproducts & other materials wastage
J.G., K.V. & M.P
W
Eliminate useof solvent-based adhesives andfinishes
J.G., KV. & M.P
W
Eliminate useof finishes thatcontain heavy metals
J.G., x.v & M.P
W
Use materials with sensorial properties that positively contribute to healthy workspace (color, texture, surface design)
J.G., KV. & M.P
W
Specifydurable materials avoidingcolors that will date
J.G., K.V. & M.P
D
Include relevant symbols for recycling
J.G., K.V. & M.P
W
Parts should break down to discrete material types to
reduce material contaminationwhen recycling
J.G., K.V. & M.P
Figure 6.5. Example of adesign specification work sheet. (ourtesy of Formway Design
Date of
Change:
134
Managing Engineering Design
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN CHECKLIST
REQUIREMENTS
CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS
POINTSTO CONSIDER
Overallgeometry
Motionof parts
Forcesinvolved
Energyneeded
Materialsto be used
Control system
Information flow
Spatialconstraints, accessfor assembly/operation/maintenance
Practicality, accuracy, backlash, wind-up, lead and lag, smoothness
Strength, stiffness, leverage, deflection, buckling, dynamics
Efficiency, powersourcealternatives
New materials, treatments, materialdesign, compatibility, life, recycling
Start-up, operation, shut-down, maintenance
Input, output,storage,display
SAFETY
Operational
Human
Environmental
Design safety, safetystandards, weak spots in design
Use, misuse, outsideintervention, protection, built-insafety
Storage,transport,contamination, disposal
QUALITY
Qualityassurance
Quality control
Reliability
Qualitycriteria, qualitymanagement, quality improvement techniques
Qualitymeasurement, quality v. cost
Specifledlife, cost constraints, weak spots
Production of components
Purchaseof components
Assembly
Transport
Ease of manufacture, near net shape, finish, costs
Meetingspecifications, transport, delivery, inspection, costs
Ease of assembly, numberof parts, sequencing of operation
Internaltransportltransfer, externaltransportmodes,packaging
Designschedule
Development schedule
Production schedule
Deliveryschedule
Realistictime-frame, long lead items, delay consequences
Testing new technology, technological risk
Tooling, long lead items
Realistictime frame, field testing,commissioning
Marketinganalysis
Development costs
Manufacturing costs
Distribution costs
Adequacyof analysis, user expectations, customerexpectations
Historicaldata, design effort, team availability
Testequipment, test plan, modeling, prototyping
Processes involved, equipmentneeded, tooling
Storing, packaging, transport,selling
ERGONOMIC
User needs
Ergonomicdesign
Cyberneticdesign
Specification requirements, types of user, differentuses
Conditionsof use, misuse,difficulties, instructions, clarity of use
Controlof productin operation, runawayproblems, shutdown modes
ECOLOGICAL
Material selection
Workingfluid selection
FUNCTIONAL
MANUFACTURING
TIMING
Design costs
ECONOMIC
Recycling, disposalmaterial, interactions, operational life
Harmfuleffects, regulations, recycling, disposal
AESTHETIC
Customerappeal
Fashion
Futureexpectations
Field testing, surveys, nationalcultures,culturaldifferences
Presentation, trade shows, timing, competition
Trends, age groups, newtechnology
LIFE-CYCLE
Distribution
Operation
Maintenance
Disposal
Methodof distribution, advertising, promoting, nationallinternational
life expectancy, instructions, manual, training, safety
Frequency, simplicity, instructions, repair, spareparts
Regulations, compatible materials, recycling, rebuilding
Figure 7.10. Conceptual design checklist
135
Feasible Concept Conceptual Design
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN WORK SHEET
REQUIREMENTS
I
PROJECT:
_
CONTRI BUTING
FACTORS
I
FUNCTIONAL
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Manufacturing costs
DIstnbu1loncosts
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Ergonomic design
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Qualllyconl1Ol
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01compone11Ia
Operational
Human
QUALITY
I
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MANUFACTURING
TIMING
I
I
I
I
Pu_
Assemllly
Transport
DesIgn lICheduie
OeYelopment_
Procluction Id1eduIe
lleli-r ICI1eduIe
Marketing anaJysis
I
ECONOMIC
I
I
ERGONOMIC
Design costs
Development costs
u-_.
MaIeria1seIeclIOn
ECOLOGICAL
Working lIuidseIeclIOn
Cu$_8ppea1
AESTHETIC
I
LIFE-CYCLE
F8shion
Future expecl8-'
I
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-- - 0
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Enetgy needed
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Conl1Oloystom
Inlorma_ lIow
SAFETY
_
0
0
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Good
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Distribution
Operallon
Mainl_
~
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Figure 7.11. Conceptual design worksheet
Pear
136
Managing Engineering Design
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN WORK SHEET
LIFE CHAIR
PROJECT:
••
•
•
Good
I
FUNCTIONAl
CMralI geomelry
MoCian ct por1S
Forces inYoIYed
Energyneeded
Mal
10 be used
I
I
Control system
InIannationIlow
0perab0naI
H<man
EnvironmenlaI
SAFETY
I
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0uaI0lyassurance
0uaI0lycontrol
RoIiabIIdy
MANUFACTURING
I
I
Produc:lJon ct ~
Purchasect components
Assemllly
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Des9l1Chedu1e
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Produc:lJon _
Dehwy Id>edule
MarUMo -...IysIo
I
ECONOMIC
Design costs
I
I
~COSlS
_ringCOSlS
llistnbution costs
U_neecIs
Ergonomic design
C)tlemeIic design
ERGONOMIC
IeIecbon
Wormg tIuid IeIecbon
ECOLOGICAL
I
AESTHETIC
I
I
L1FE-CYCLE
I
I
I
I
C_appea!
Fashion
Futln 0Jq>eCtali0n0
DislnlMion
Opetation
Maintenance
0isp0saI
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••
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__
0
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Figure 7.12. Example of conceptual design work sheet
DATE:
JAN 2000
-••• 0
0
•
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•••
••
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••
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•••
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170
Managing Engineering Design
EMBODIMENT DESIGN CHECKLIST
REQUIREMENTS
FUNCTIONAL
SAFETY
QUALITY
MANUFACTURING
TIMING
CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS
POINTS TO CONSIDER
Overallgeometry
Motion of parts
Forcesinvolved
Energy needed
Materialsto be used
Control system
Informationflow
Fit of part, assemblyof parts, simplicity,clarity
Will it work, other functions needed, working principle,division of tasks
Strength, stability, stiffness, fatigue life, side effects, flow lines
Supply, storage,efficiency, sell reinforcing,sell help
Degradation, wear, corrosion, expansion and contraction
Reliability, assembly, testing, trouble shooting
Necessary, sufficient, calculationscorrect
Operational
Human
Environmental
Safety hierarchy, safe life, fail safe, redundancy, protection, warnings
Regulations, standards,codes, history
Harmful effects, long term effects
Quality assurance
Quality control
Reliability
Overall system, life-cycle,standardsand codes
Manufacturing quality, measurement, monitoring
Operation, maintenance, user environment
Productionof components
Purchaseof components
Assembly
Transport
Can parts be made, layout and drawingsadequate
Reliablesources,timing, quality assurance, appropriateuse
Simple assembly, clear sequence
Safe internal transport, safe external transport
Design schedule
Developmentschedule
Productionschedule
Delivery schedule
Current status, planning, problems
Test equipment, test plan, documents, certification
Timing, materials supply
On time or not, ways of improving
Marketinganalysis
Designcosts
Developmentcosts
Manufacturing costs
Distributioncosts
Phase diagram, supplier estimates, item by item estimate
Toolingcost update, materials additional cost
How to be shipped, distributionnetwork
ERGONOMIC
User needs
Ergonomicdesign
Cybernetic design
Reliableand easy to use
User friendly, good physicallayout
Good controls
ECOLOGICAL
Materialselection
Working fluid selection
AESTHETIC
Customerappeal
Fashion
Future expectations
Survey, comments
Competition
Reliability of predictions
LIFE-CYCLE
Distribution
Operation
Maintenance
Disposal
Quietness, vibration, handling
Simpleinspection
Simplemaintenance, user safety, who does it?
Recycle, scrap
ECONOMIC
Review and update
Percent completion , phase diagram , cost overruns
Source, supply,disposal, mixture,safety
Safety, toxicity, replenishment
Figure 8.9. Embodiment design checklist
Developed Concept:Embodiment Design
EMBODIMENT DESIGN WORK SHEET
PROJECT:
_
CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS
REQUIREMENTS
Good
I
FUNCTIONAL
I
I
I
I
MANUFACTURING
TIMING
I
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I
I
ECONOMIC
I
ERGONOMIC
ECOLOGICAL
I
LIFE-CYCLE
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Manulactunng COSIS
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ProducIion 01",,"-IS
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Assembly
Transport
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0ewl0pmen1 coslS
Fashion
Fulu<eexpeclalJOnl
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AESTHETIC
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QUALITY
.-
DATE:
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Overall geometry
MocJon 01 parts
Fon:es imoIved
Ene<gy needed
Malorials to be used
ConlrOlsystom
SAFETY
"-V"*
171
Disttibutlon
Opera-
Maintenance
Disposal
0
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Figure 8.10. Embodiment design work sheet
0
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172
Managing Engineering Design
EMBODIMENT DESIGN WORK SHEET
LIFE CHAIR
PROJEC T:
CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS
REQU IREMENTS
FUNCTIONAL
I
I
o-angeometry
Motion01parts
Foo:esifMlM>d
Ene<gyneeded
Materials to be used
ConllOlsySlom
Inbrmalion l\ow
SAFETY
()pefational
Human
EnvIronmental
QUALITY
Quahly oonllOl
Quality assurance
Reliability
I
MANUFACTURING
I
TIMING
1
Production 01c:ompono<11S
Purchase 01c:ompono<11S
Assembly
Transpor1
I
Design schedule
DeveIopmenI schedule
I
Production schedule
DelIvery schedule
I
Design costs
Marl<e1Jng onaIysis
I
ECONOMIC
I
DeveIopmenl
costs
MaroJfac:luring costs
DistribuIion costs
U_needs
ERGONOMIC
Ergonomic design
Cybernetic design
Mal _ I seIe<:I>Dn
ECOLOGICAL
WoOOng "uid seIoction
Cuslomer appeal
AES THETIC
Fashion
Fulunt axpeclalions
L1FE-CVCLE
1
I
Distnbulion
Operalion
Maintenance
DIsposal
-.
"'"'•
••
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••
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•
•
••
••
••
•• •
•
••
••
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••
•
•
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••
Good
I
DATE:
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Figure 8.11. Example ofembodiment design work sheet
JUNE 2001
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198
Managing Engineering Design
DETAIL DESIGN CHECKLIST
REQUIREMENTS
CONTRIBUTING
FACTORS
Overallgeometry
Motionof parts
Forcesinvolved
POINTS TO CONSIDER
Energyneeded
Materials to be used
Controlsystem
Information flow
Interference, assemblysequence, tolerances, surfacefinish
Displacement, velocity, acceleration, position, fatigue,stiffness
Weight of components, deflection, vibration,resonance, creep,flow,
strength,residualstress
Torque, speed, horsepower, powertransmission
Hardness, surfacefinish, friction, lubrication, replacement
Bulton/switchdesign/layout, emergencies, safety, operation
Assembly, operation, maintenance, safety
Operational
Human
Environmental
Modesof operation, abusiveoperation, maintenance
Failuremodesand effectsanalysis
Specificissuesrelatedto design
Qualityassurance
Qualitycontrol
Reliability
Certification, design and manufacture records
Inspection and componenttesting, production documents
Simulatedtestslfieldtests/statistical analysis
Production of components
Purchase of components
Assembly
Transport
Manufactured as designed, revisions
Inspection records
Stacking, fit of parts, minimizing operation, ease of assembly
Packaging, protection, storage, inventorycontrol
Designschedule
Development schedule
Production schedule
Deliveryschedule
Disruption causedby revisions
Problemdiagnosis, debugging procedure, testing materials
Inventorycontrol
Acceptance criteria,commissioning
Marketing analysis
Designcosts
Development costs
Manufacturing costs
Distributioncosts
Customerreaction, user field tests, data collection
Recording problems and solutions
Cost of redesign
Recordof manufacturing problems/costs
Recordof packaging/distribution costs
ERGONOMIC
User needs
Ergonomic design
Cybernetic design
Functionalperformance, suggested improvements
Understanding/useof instructionmanual/controls/ease of use
Reaction of machineto controls, feedbackto user
ECOLOGICAL
Materialselection
Working fluid selection
Machining, assemblyor operational problemsfound?
Filling, spillage,leakage, maintenance, filtration
FUNCTIONAL
SAFETY
QUALITY
MANUFACTURING
TIMING
ECONOMIC
AESTHETIC
Customerappeal
Fashion
Futureexpectations
Surfacefinish, overallquality, colors,textures, consistency
User reaction/comments/consumer reports
Commentfrom field tests/commissions
LIFE-CYCLE
Distribution
Operation
Maintenance
Disposal
Loading/unloading, labeling, transport mode
Monitoring, feedback, returns, recalls
Sparepartssupply, spareparts inventoryltracking, service facilities
Rebuild, remanufacture
Figure 9.7. Detail design checklist
199
Final Design:Detail Design forManufacture
CONTRIBUTI NG
FACTORS
REQUIREMENTS
I
FUNCTIONAL
I
I
Overal geometry
Motionof parts
F0rt:8S irMlIwId
Energyneeded
Materials Ie be used
CootrcI syStem
Informatioo lIoN
Opo<alional
SAFETY
Human
EnWonmontai
Oua Glyassuronce
QUALITY
I
I
I
MANUFACTURING
TIMING
Oualycootrol
R_
ly
I
I
I
I
Production 01components
Purchase of components
Assembly
Tronsport
Design schedule
lleYelollment schedule
ProduetJon sc:hedule
DeIiYety scIleduIo
ECONOMIC
I
I
Mar1<oting analysis
Design costs
lleYeIopmonl costs
ManuIaduring costs
Dislnbution
costs
User_s
ERGONOMIC
Ergonomic desig n
so_
Cybomobc design
Mator\al
ECOLOG ICAL
Wor1<ing IluidsoIodxln
Customer appeal
AESTHETIC
Fashion
Futuro oxpodabons
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LIFE-CYCLE
___ DATE:
PROJECT:
DETAIL DESIGN WORK SHEET
I
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Distrillu1ion
Opo<alion
Mainlenance
Disposal
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Figure 9.8. Detail design work sheet
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200
Managing Engineering Design
REQUIREMENTS
I
I
FUNCTIONAL
r
geomelry
MolionolpatU
Forces"Energyneeded
Malerials 10 be used
Controloyslom
QUALITY
I
TIMING
I
ECONOM IC
1
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Production 01 cornponenU
f'urdlase 01 components
Assembly
TIllnsport
Deslgn~o
OoYolopmonllChedulo
Production schedule
DoirYory schedule
Mar1<oIing onalysis
DesIgn costs
00Y0l0pm0n1 costs
ManuIacluring costs
Oislnbution costs
User needs
Ergonomic design
ERGO NOM IC
C';bemolic design
Malerial seIoction
ECOLOGICAL
Wortting IIulcI seIoction
Customot 0_1
AESTHETIC
Feshlon
Future oxpoclations
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DATE: JUN E 2002
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PROJECT:
DETAIL DESIGN WORK SHEET
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213
Users and Customers: Design Feedback
DESIGN QUALITY ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET
DESIGN ACCEPTABILITY
PROJECT:
Low
TASKCLARIFICATION:
1. Designproblem clearlydefined?
2. Agreed design specification?
3. Specification circulated to all involved?
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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN I· CONCEPT GENERATION
1. Problem abstracted?
2. Brokeninto sub-functions?
3. Several concepts produced?
4. Manyworkingprinciplesconsidered?
5. Principles suitablycombined?
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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN II • SELECTION AND EVALUATION
1. Conceptvariantsfirmed up?
2. Conceptvariantsevaluated: Technical?
Economics?
3. Conceptweak spots identified?
4. Cost estimates developed?
5. Conceptformallypresented for approval?
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EMBODIMENT DESIGNI • OVERALL LAYOUT
1. Designsimple?
2. Designfunctionclear?
3. Designform clear?
4. Safety: Safe-life design?
Fail-safe design?
Redundancy built in?
Protection built in?
Warnings provided?
5. Primarychecks: Function OK?
Economics OK?
SafetyOK?
Ergonomics OK?
6. Secondary checks: Production OK?
Qualityassurance OK?
Assembly OK?
Transport OK?
Operation OK?
Maintenance OK?
Costs OK?
Schedule OK?
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EMBODIMENT DESIGN II • DETAIL LAYOUT
1. Forcetransmission paths: Flowlines OK?
Deformation OK?
Secondaryforcesa problem?
2. Appropriate divisionof tasks?
3. Self-help used: Self-reinforcing?
Self-balancing?
Self-protecting?
Self-damaging?
4. Designstable?
5. Calculations appropriate, adequate, correctand checked?
6. Materials selected and used appropriately?
7. Applicablestandards and codesmet?
8. Boughtout components selectedand used appropriately?
9. Engineering drawings professionally completed and updated?
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DETAIL DESIGN· COMPONENTS AND ASSEMBLY
1. Shape, material and manufacture interactions OK?
2. Strength, stiffness, fatigue. creep ... OK?
3. Residual stresses, flaws, corrosion allowance ... OK?
4. Tolerances, surface finish, dimensional stability... OK?
5. Easyto assemble components without ambiguity?
6.Testing and commissioning procedures adequate?
7. Production and certification documents in order?
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High
Figure 10.1. Design quality assessment work sheet
214
Managing Engineering Design
DESIGN QUALITY ASSESSMENT WORK SHEET
PROJECT: LIFE CHAIR
TASKCLARIFICATION:
1. Design problemclearly defined?
2. Agreeddesign specification?
3. Specification circulatedto all involved?
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN I • CONCEPT GENERATION
1. Problemabstracted?
2. Broken into sub-functions?
3. Severalconceptsproduced?
4. Manyworking principlesconsidered?
5. Principlessuitablycombined?
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN II • SELECTION AND EVALUATION
1. Conceptvariants firmed up?
2. Conceptvariants evaluated: Technical?
Economics?
3. Conceptweak spots identified?
4. Cost estimatesdeveloped?
5. Conceptformallypresentedfor approval?
EMBODIMENT DESIGN I • OVERALL LAYOUT
1. Designsimple?
2. Design functionclear?
3. Design form clear?
4. Safety: Safe-life design?
Fail-safe design?
Redundancy built in?
Protectionbuilt in?
Warnings provided?
5. Primary checks: Function OK?
Economics OK?
SafetyOK?
Ergonomics OK?
6. Secondarychecks: Production OK?
Quality assurance OK?
AssemblyOK?
Transport OK?
OperationOK?
Maintenance OK?
Costs OK?
Schedule OK?
EMBODIMENT DESIGN II • DETAIL LAYOUT
1. Forcetransmission paths: Flowlines OK?
Deformation OK?
Secondaryforcesa problem?
2. Appropriatedivision of tasks?
3. Self-helpused: Self-reinforcing?
Self-balancing?
Self-protecting?
Self-damaging?
4. Designstable?
5. Calculations appropriate, adequate, correct and checked?
6. Materialsselected and used appropriately?
7. Applicablestandardsand codes met?
8. Boughtout components selectedand used appropriately?
9. Engineering drawingsprofessionally completed and updated?
DETAIL DESIGN· COMPONENTS AND ASSEMBLY
1. Shape,material and manufacture interactions OK?
2. Strength, stiffness, fatigue, creep ... OK?
3. Residual stresses, flaws, corrosionallowance ... OK?
4. Tolerances, surfacefinish, dimensional stability ... OK?
5. Easyto assemble components without ambiguity?
6. Testing and commissioning procedures adequate?
7. Production and certificationdocuments in order?
---------- ----- -
DESIGN ACCEPTABILITY
High Marginal
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Figure 10.2. Example ofdesign quality assessment work sheet for the life chair
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