Medical Science 1 End Semester Exam
2021-22
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA
END SEMESTER EXAMINATION: 2021-22 AUTUMN SEMESTER
PROGRAMME: B.Tech
Course Code: BM-2001
SEMESTER: 3rd
Group/Dept. Code: BM+BT
Course Name: Medical Science-I
FULL MARKS: 50 Duration of Examination: 02 hours
Good Luck (RB)
Student Name *
Suraj kumar sahu
Roll Number *
120BM0015
Multiple Choice Questionnaires Part - 1
Correct Answer: 01 Marks
Incorrect Answer: -0.25
See the figure and answer questions from 1 to 4
Q1. On the graph showing LV volume pressure curve, isovolumetric contraction
occurs from point
A. 4 --> 1
B. 1 --> 2
C. 2 --> 3
D. 3 --> 4
Q2. The aortic valve closes at
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Q3. The 1st heart sound corresponds to
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Q4. If the heart rate is 70/min, what is cardiac output?
A. 3.45 L/min
B. 4.55 L/min
C. 5.25 L/min
D. 8.00 L/min
Q5. A muscle cell has an intracellular [Na+] of 14 mM and an extracellular [Na+ ]
of 140 mM. Assuming that 2.3 RT/F = 60 mV, what would the membrane potential
be if the muscle cell membrane were permeable only to Na+?
A. 80 mV
B. –60 mV
C. 0 mV
D. +60 mV
The following diagram of a nerve action potential applies to Questions 6–8.
Q6. At which labeled point on the action potential, is the K+ closest to
electrochemical equilibrium?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5
Q7. What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that
occurs between point 1 and point 3?
A. Movement of Na+ into the cell
B. Movement of Na+ out of the cell
C. Movement of K+ out of the cell
D. Activation of the Na+/K+ pump
Q8. What process is responsible for the change in membrane potential that
occurs between point 3 and point 4?
A. Movement of Na+ into the cell
B. Movement of Na+ out of the cell
C. Activation of the Na+/K+ pump
D. Movement of K+ out of the cell
Q9. A newly developed local anesthetic blocks Na+ channels in nerves. Which of
the following effects on the action potential would it be expected to produce?
A. Decrease the rate of rise of the upstroke of the action potential
B. Shorten the absolute refractory period
C. Abolish the hyperpolarizing after -potential
D. Decrease the Na+ equilibrium potential
Q10. Transport of D- and L-glucose proceeds at the same rate (irrespective of
different stereospecificity) down an electrochemical gradient by which of the
following processes?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Primary active transport
D. Cotransport
Multiple Choice Questionnaires Part - 2
Correct Answer: 01 Marks
Incorrect Answer: -0.25
Q11. Which of the following temporal sequences is correct for excitation–
contraction coupling in skeletal muscle?
A. Increased intracellular [Ca2+]; action potential in the muscle membrane; crossbridge formation
B. Action potential in the muscle membrane; depolarization of the T tubules; release
of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
C. Action potential in the muscle membrane; splitting of adenosine triphosphate
(ATP); binding of Ca2+ to troponin C
D. Release of Ca2+ from the SR; depolarization of the T tubules; binding of Ca2+ to
troponin C
Q12. Which of the following transport processes is involved if transport of
glucose from the intestinal lumen into a small intestinal cell is inhibited by
abolishing the usual Na+ gradient across the cell membrane?
A. Simple diffusion
B. Facilitated diffusion
C. Primary active transport
D. Cotransport
Q13. In skeletal muscle, which of the following events occurs before
depolarization of the T tubules in the mechanism of excitation–contraction
coupling?
A. Depolarization of the sarcolemmal membrane
B. Opening of Ca2+ release channels on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
C. Uptake of Ca2+ into the SR by Ca2+ -adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase)
D. Binding of Ca 2+to troponin C
Q14. A 56-year-old woman with severe muscle weakness is hospitalized. The
only abnormality in her laboratory values is an elevated serum K+ concentration.
The elevated serum K+ causes muscle weakness because
A. the resting membrane potential is hyperpolarized
B. the K+ equilibrium potential is hyperpolarized
C. the Na+ equilibrium potential is hyperpolarized
D. Na+ channels are closed by depolarization
Q15. Which of the following causes rigor in skeletal muscle?
A. No action potentials in motoneurons
B. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ level
C. A decrease in intracellular Ca2+ level
D. A decrease in ATP level
Q16. During a nerve action potential, a stimulus is delivered as indicated by the
arrow shown in the following figure. In response to the stimulus, a second action
potential
A. of smaller magnitude will occur
B. of normal magnitude will occur
C. of normal magnitude will occur, but will be delayed
D. will not occur
Q17. Which characteristic or component is shared by skeletal muscle and smooth
muscle?
A. Thick and thin filaments arranged in sarcomeres
B. Troponin
C. Elevation of intracellular [Ca2+] for excitation–contraction coupling
D. Spontaneous depolarization of the membrane potential
E. High degree of electrical coupling between cells
Q18. Solutions A and B are separated by a semipermeable membrane that is
permeable to K+ , but not to Cl– . Solution A is 100 mM KCl, and solution B is 1
mM KCl. Which of the following statements about solution A and solution B is
true?
A. K+ions will diffuse from solution A to solution B until the [K+] of both solutions is
50.5 mM
B. K+ ions will diffuse from solution B to solution A until the [K+] of both solutions is
50.5 mM
C. KCl will diffuse from solution A to solution B until the [KCl] of both solutions is 50.5
mM
D. K+ will diffuse from solution A to solution B until a membrane potential develops
with solution A negative with respect to solution B
Q19. The cardiac output of an individual with the following hemodynamic status
would be (liters/min)Pulmonary arterial pressure = 24 mm Hg Right atrial pressure
-2 mm Hg Left atrial pressure = 4 mm Hg Pulmonary vascular resistance = 2 mm
Hg/liter/min Systemic vascular resistance = 20 mm Hg/liter/min HINT: Use values
for pulmonary circuit.
A. 1.0
B. 1.1
C. 10
D. 11
E. cannot be determined from above data
Q20. Calculate the total peripheral resistance of an individual from the following
measured variables: Mean arterial pressure = 100 mm HgCentral venous
pressure = 0 mm HgCardiac output = 5 L/minThe total peripheral resistance of
this individual is (HINT: Q=ΔP/R)
A. 10
B. 50
C. 20
D. 2.67
Multiple Choice Questionnaires Part - 3
Correct Answer: 01 Marks
Incorrect Answer: -0.25
Q21. Repeated stimulation of a skeletal muscle fiber causes a sustained
contraction (tetanus). Accumulation of which solute in intracellular fluid is
responsible for the tetanus?
A. Na+
B. K+
C. Ca2+
D. Calmodulin
Q22. 1. A 53-year-old woman is found, by arteriography, to have 50% narrowing
of her left renal artery. What is the expected change in blood flow through the
stenotic artery?
A. Decrease to 1/2
B. Decrease to 1/4
C. Decrease to 1/8
D. Decrease to 1/16
Q23. At which site is systolic blood pressure the highest?
A. Central vein
B. Pulmonary artery
C. Right atrium
D. Renal artery
Q24. A person’s electrocardiogram (ECG) has no P wave, but has a normal QRS
complex and a normal T wave. Therefore, his pacemaker is located in the
A. sinoatrial (SA) node
B. atrioventricular (AV) node
C. bundle of His
D. Purkinje system
Q25. If the ejection fraction increases, there will be a decrease in
A. cardiac output
B. end-systolic volume
C. heart rate
D. pulse pressure
Q26. An increase in contractility is demonstrated on a Frank–Starling diagram by
A. increased cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume
B. increased cardiac output for a given end-systolic volume
C. decreased cardiac output for a given end-diastolic volume
D. decreased cardiac output for a given end-systolic volume
Q27. A hospitalized patient has an ejection fraction of 0.4, a heart rate of 95
beats/min, and a cardiac output of 3.5 L/min. What is the patient’s end-diastolic
volume?
A. 14 mL
B. 37 mL
C. 55 mL
D. 92 mL
Q28. During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the mitral valve open?
A. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
B. Rapid ventricular ejection
C. Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
D. Rapid ventricular filling
See the figure and answer questions from 29 to 31
Q29. During which phase of the ventricular action potential is the membrane
potential closest to the K+ equilibrium potential?
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
Q30. During which phase of the ventricular action potential is the conductance
to Ca2+ highest?
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 1
C. Phase 2
D. Phase 4
Q31. Which phase of the ventricular action potential coincides with diastole?
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 1
C. Phase 2
D. Phase 3
Multiple Choice Questionnaires Part - 4
Correct Answer: 01 Marks
Incorrect Answer: -0.25
Q32. Which of the following agents or changes has a negative inotropic effect on
the heart?
A. Increased heart rate
B. Sympathetic stimulation
C. Norepinephrine
D. Acetylcholine (ACh)
Q33. The low-resistance pathways between myocardial cells that allow for the
spread of action potentials are the
A. gap junctions
B. T tubules
C. sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
D. intercalated disks
Q34. Propranolol (sympathetic blocker) has which of the following effects?
A. Decreases heart rate
B. Increases left ventricular ejection fraction
C. Increases stroke volume
D. Decreases splanchnic vascular resistance
Q35. The physiologic function of the relatively slow conduction through the
atrioventricular (AV) node is to allow sufficient time for
A. runoff of blood from the aorta to the arteries
B. venous return to the atria
C. filling of the ventricles
D. contraction of the ventricles
E. repolarization of the ventricles
Q36. A 24-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with severe
diarrhea. When she is supine (lying down), her blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg
(decreased) and her heart rate is 100 beats/min (increased). When she is moved
to a standing position, her heart rate further increases to 120 beats/min. Which
of the following accounts for the further increase in heart rate upon standing?
A. Decreased total peripheral resistance
B. Increased vasoconstriction
C. Increased afterload
D. Decreased venous return
Q37. Which of the following parameters is decreased during moderate exercise?
A. Heart rate
B. Cardiac output
C. Pulse pressure
D. Total peripheral resistance (TPR)
Q38. Cardiac output of the right side of the heart is what percentage of the
cardiac output of the left side of the heart?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%
Q39. Which of the following is an effect of histamine?
A. Decreased capillary filtration
B. Vasodilation of the arterioles
C. Vasodilation of the veins
D. Decreased Pc
Q40. Myocardial contractility is best correlated with the intracellular
concentration of
A. Na+
B. K+
C. Ca2+
D. Cl−
Multiple Choice Questionnaires Part - 5
Correct Answer: 01 Marks
Incorrect Answer: -0.25
Q41. During which phase of the cardiac cycle is aortic pressure highest?
A. Atrial systole
B. Isovolumetric ventricular contraction
C. Rapid ventricular ejection
D. Reduced ventricular ejection
Q42. In the sinoatrial (SA) node, phase 4 depolarization (pacemaker potential) is
attributable to
A. an increase in K+ conductance
B. an increase in Na+ conductance
C. a decrease in Cl− conductance
D. a decrease in Ca 2+ conductance
Q43. The following measurements were obtained in a male patient:Central
venous pressure: 10 mm HgHeart rate: 70 beats/minPulmonary vein [O2] =0.24
mL O2/mLPulmonary artery [O2] =0.16 mL O2/mLWhole body O2consumption:
500 mL/minWhat is this patient’s cardiac output?
A. 1.65 L/min
B. 4.55 L/min
C. 5.00 L/min
D. 6.25 L/min
See the figure and answer questions from Q44 - 46
Q44. Curve A in the figure represents
A. aortic pressure
B. ventricular pressure
C. atrial pressure
D. ventricular volume
Q45. Curve B in the figure represents
A. left atrial pressure
B. ventricular pressure
C. atrial pressure
D. ventricular volume
Q46. An increase in arteriolar resistance, without a change in any other
component of the cardiovascular system, will produce
A. a decrease in total peripheral resistance (TPR)
B. an increase in capillary filtration
C. an increase in arterial pressure
D. a decrease in afterload
Q47. The greatest pressure decrease in the circulation occurs across the
arterioles because
A. they have the greatest surface area
B. they have the greatest cross-sectional area
C. the velocity of blood flow through them is the highest
D. the velocity of blood flow through them is the lowest
E. they have the greatest resistance
Q48. Pulse pressure is
A. the highest pressure measured in the arteries
B. the lowest pressure measured in the arteries
C. measured only during diastole
D. determined by stroke volume
E. decreased when the capacitance of the arteries decreases
F. the difference between mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure
Q49. An acute decrease in arterial blood pressure elicits which of the following
compensatory changes?
A. Decreased firing rate of the carotid sinus nerve
B. Increased parasympathetic outflow to the heart
C. Decreased heart rate
D. Decreased contractility
E. Decreased mean systemic pressure
Q50. Inspiration “splits” the second heart sound because
A. the aortic valve closes before the pulmonic valve
B. the pulmonic valve closes before the aortic valve
C. the mitral valve closes before the tricuspid valve
D. the tricuspid valve closes before the mitral valve
E. filling of the ventricles has fast and slow components
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