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LS2000 secteur 0 (1)

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The Register
1999 / 2000
page 38
The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition
0=AFRICA geosector
This geosector covers 44 sets of languages (237 outer languages, comprising 763 inner languages) spoken by communities
across the African continent south of the Sahara, from West Africa to East Africa, and in southwestern Africa. These sets
comprise all languages of Africa not covered by phylosectors 1=Afro-Asian, 3=Austronesian, 5=Indo-European and
9=Transafrican.
Zones 00= to 07= cover languages spoken in a belt of great linguistic diversity, extending from Senegal to Tanzania:
00= MANDIC phylozone
03= SUDANIC phylozone
06= KORDOFANIC phylozone
01= SONGHAIC phylozone
04= NILOTIC phylozone
07= RIFT-VALLEY geozone
02= SAHARIC phylozone
05= EAST-SAHEL geozone
Zones 08= to 09= cover languages spoken in Southwestern Africa, in and around the Kalahari desert:
08= KHOISANIC phylozone
09= KALAHARI geozone
Languages of zones 00= and 01= have constituted a "Mande+ Songhai" hypothesis, and languages of zones 01= to 05= have
constituted an overlapping "Nilo-Saharan" hypothesis. Languages of zones 00= and 06= have been included in the "CongoKordofanian" or "new Niger-Congo" hypothesis (together with languages of phylosector 9=), and languages of zones 08= (as
"Central Khoisan") and 09= (as "North Khoisan" plus "South Khoisan") have constituted the major part of a "wider Khoisan"
hypothesis.

Before consulting the following tables, please see Guide to the Register in Volume One
Additional or improved data on languages and communities covered by this sector will be welcomed
by e-mail at: REGISTER@LINGUASPHERE.ORG, or by letter-post at: LINGUASPHERE PRESS, HEBRON SA34 0XT, WALES (UK).
COLUMN 1 & 2
COLUMN 3
layers of reference
other nomenclature and notes
codes and reference names
00=
MANDIC
phylozone
covers the " M a n d e " grouping (part of the "CongoKordofanian", "new Niger-Congo" hypothesis; and part of the
"Mande+Songhai" hypothesis); comprising 4 sets of
languages (= 35 outer languages) spoken by communities
within or around the Niger basin of West Africa:
COLUMNS 4 & 5
nation states
(+ provinces)
and
scale of
voices
Burkina Faso; Côte d'Ivoire;
Gambia; Ghana; Guinea; GuineaBissau; Liberia; Mali; Mauritania;
Nigeria; Senegal; Sierra Leone
7
manding-W., in [51] Français: malinké-W., part of mandingo+ bambara
Gambia; Senegal; Guinea-Bissau;
Guinea; Mali Υ
6*
mandinga, mandingo-NW., sose-N., in [51] Français: malinké-NW.
Gambia; Senegal; Guinea-Bissau
5
00-A MANDINKA+ MENDE
00-C SEMBLA+ JUNG
00-B SONINKE+ SOROGAMA
00-D DAN+ SYA
00-AAA-aa
MANDINKA+ MENDE
set
MANDINKA+ SOSO
chain
MANDINKA+
BAMANAN net
Mandinka+
Khasonka
mandinka-kango
00-AAA-aaa
mandinka-'gambia'
Gambia
00-AAA-aab
mandinka-'casamance'
Senegal (Casamance)
00-AAA-aac
woyinko
Guinea-Bissau
00-AAA-aad
bilaso
00-AAA-ab
sijanka, sidyanka, sidyanké
Guinea-Bissau; Senegal; Gambia
00-AAA-ac
sijanka-kango
maninka-W.
maninka-xanwo, maninka-kanwo, mandingo-W., in [51] Français:
malinké-W. distinct from [00] Maninka-E. ⊕Mali town… Kédougou…
Kéniéba
Guinea (Mali…); Senegal
(Sénégal-Oriental); Mali (KayèsSW.)
00-AAA-ad
kalanke-kango
kalanke
Gambia
00-A
00-AA
00-AAA
00-AAA-a
MANDE-WEST Arabic; Latin; also indigenous Mande scripts
MANDE-NORTHWEST #suffixes -kan, -kã, -kango, -qango,
-xango, -xanwo =«language»
MANDING, mande "proper", manden-kan-W., mandekan-W., malinkéW., in [90] Wolof: sosé
Guinea-Bissau
5
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 39
00-AAA-ae
jakhanka-kango
jakhanka, jaxanka, jahanka, dyaxanka, jahanqué, jahonqué, in [51]
Français: diakkanké, diakhanké, dyakhanké, dyakanké ⊕Boké…
Guinea; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau
4
00-AAA-af
khasonka-xango
xasonka, khasonka, khassonka, kassonka, kasonke, kasson, kasso,
xasonke, in [51] Français: khassonké, kassonké ⊕Bafoulabé...
Kayès... Kita... Yélémané...
Mali (Kayès); Senegal (SénégalOriental); Gambia
5
00-AAA-ag
kakolo-qango
maninka-E.
kakolo, kagoro, logoro
Mali (Kaarta-Bine; Gumbu)
4
00-AAA-ah
maninka-kan, mandingo-NE. distinct from [00] Maninka-W.
Mali (Kayès-SE.; Bamako); Guinea
(Siguiri, Kankan…)
5
00-AAA-aha
kita
⊕Kita>W.
Mali
00-AAA-ahb
jalonke-N.
jalonka-N. distinct from [00] Yalunka (Jalonke-S.)
Guinea
00-AAA-ahc
fulunke
00-AAA-b
Bamanan+ Manenka
manding-E., manden-kan-E., mandekan-E., part of mandingo+
bambara forming (with Mandinka+ Khasonka, above) a continuous
area of communication from Gambia to the borders of Ghana
Mali; Burkina Faso; Côte d'Ivoire;
Guinea; Liberia; Sierra Leone;
Gambia; Senegal Υ
7
00-AAA-ba
bamanan-kan
bambara, bamanan, bamana also Bambara syllabic script
Mali; also Guinea; migration>
Burkina Faso; Côte d'Ivoire;
Senegal; Gambia
6
00-AAA-baa
bamanan-V.
"vehicular bambara" transition to [00] Jula in the southeast
Mali…
00-AAA-bab
segu
ségou, " bambara-E." ⊕Ségou…
Mali (Ségou, Sikasso, Gao)
00-AAA-bac
bamako
"bambara"-C. ⊕Bamako…
Mali (Bamako, Kayes, Sikasso)
00-AAA-bad
tilibonka
"vehicular bambara"-W., in [51] Français: bambara du chemin-de-fer
(=«railway» bambara)
Mali (Kayes), Senegal (SénégalOriental); Gambia
00-AAA-bae
kalongo
kalunka influenced by [00] Soninke ⊕Mourdiah environs
Mali (Bamako-N.)
00-AAA-baf
kagoro
"bambara"-N. influenced by [00] Soninke ⊕Kolokani… Nioro…
Nara…
Mali (Kayes-N.; Bamako-N.)
00-AAA-bag
jangirte
dyangirte ⊕Nioro environs influenced by [00] Soninke
Mali (Kayes-N.)
00-AAA-bah
nyamasa
⊕Nioro cercle influenced by [00] Soninke ⊕Nioro
Mali (Kayes-N.)
00-AAA-bai
masasi
bambara-masasi ⊕Nioro>S.
Mali (Kayes-N.)
00-AAA-baj
somono-W.
⊕Niger valley: Ké-Masina upstream ¶spoken by fishing community
Mali (Ségou)
00-AAA-bak
toro
toro-ga, toro-ke community ⊕Bissandougou>NE.
Guinea (Kankan)
00-AAA-bb
manenka-kan
manenka, maninka-S., mandingo-S., madingo, in [51] Français:
malinké-S. also N'ko (Manenka-mori) script
Mali (Kayès; Bamako); Guinea
(Siguiri, Kankan…); Sierra Leone
(Kono); Liberia (Loffa; Cape
Mount)
00-AAA-bba
mandenka
⊕Mandé, Manden country
(Kayès; Bamako)
00-AAA-bbb
manenka-mori
manenka-mori-kan ⊕Kankan
(Siguiri, Kankan…)
00-AAA-bbc
manenka-sefadu
⊕Sefadu
(Kono)
00-AAA-bbd
manenka-lofa
⊕Loffa valley
00-AAA-bc
mikifore-kan
mikifore ¶spoken by community founded in 19 century by refugees
from slavery in the Futa Jalon highlands
Guinea (Boké)
3
00-AAA-bd
manya-kan
wasulunka-kan
manya ⊕scattered between the Liberian interior and the coast
Liberia-W.
4
00-AAA-be
wasulunka, wasulu, wassulu, wassulunka, wassulunke, fula-bambara,
in [51] Français: ouassoulounké
Guinea (Kankan); Mali (Sikasso);
Côte d'Ivoire (Odienné)
5
00-AAA-bf
konyanka-kan
konyanka
Guinea (Beyla); Côte d'Ivoire
(Touba)
00-AAA-bg
mauka-kan
mauka, mõka-kan, maou, mau, mauke, maouka; mahu, mahou
community ⊕Konan… Ganhoué… Touba
Côte d'Ivoire (Touba)
4
00-AAA-bh
⊕Guintéguéla
Côte d'Ivoire (Touba)
3
koroka ⊕Koro
Côte d'Ivoire (Touba)
3
00-AAA-bj
tenenga-kan
koroka-kan
baralaka+ finanga
Côte d'Ivoire (Touba)
4
00-AAA-bja
finanga-kan
finanga ⊕Borotou
(Touba)
3
00-AAA-bjb
baralaka-kan
baralaka, beaka-kan, baalaka-kan ⊕Booko
(Touba)
4
00-AAA-bk
sienkoka, shyenkoka-kan ⊕Bako
Côte d'Ivoire (Odienné)
4
00-AAA-bl
sienkoka-kan
wojeneka-kan
wojeneka, including seduguka-kan… samangoka-kan…, in [51]
Français: dioula d'Odienné ⊕Seydougou… Odienné, Wojene… Tiémé
Côte d'Ivoire (Odienné)
4
00-AAA-bm
gbelebanka+ foloka
Côte d'Ivoire (Odienné); Guinea
(Beyla; Kankan) adjacent
4
00-AAA-bma
gbelebanka-kan
gbelebanka, gbélébanka ⊕Gbéléban… Gbanhala villages
(Odienné)…
3
00-AAA-bmb
foloka-kan
foloka ⊕Maninian
(Odienné)…
3
00-AAA-bn
boduguka ⊕Tienko, Bodougou country
Côte d'Ivoire (Odienné)
3
tuduguka ⊕Goulia, Toudougou country
Côte d'Ivoire (Odienné)
4
vanduguka ⊕Wahiré, Vandougou country
Côte d'Ivoire (Odienné)
4
nowoloka ⊕Madinani
Côte d'Ivoire (Odienné)
4
karanjanka ⊕Djiborosso
Côte d'Ivoire (Séguéla)
4
00-AAA-bs
boduguka-kan
tuduguka-kan
vanduguka-kan
nowoloka-kan
karanjanka-kan
woroduguka-kan
woroduguka, wöduuka-kan, worodugu-jula, worodougou-jula,
ouorodougouka, in [51] Français: dioula d'Ouorodou ⊕Worodu,
Ouorodou country
Côte d'Ivoire (Séguéla)
4
00-AAA-bsa
watara-kan
watara, ouatara ⊕Kato
(Séguéla)
3
00-AAA-bsb
nigbika-kan
nigbika ⊕Worofla-S.
(Séguéla)
3
00-AAA-bsc
sgbelaka-kan
sgbelaka ⊕Séguéla
(Séguéla)
4
00-AAA-bi
00-AAA-bo
00-AAA-bp
00-AAA-bq
00-AAA-br
Guinea
4
5
(Loffa; Cape Mount)
th
page 40
The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition
kanika ⊕Kani
Côte d'Ivoire (Séguéla)
3
nigbi ⊕Faraba
Côte d'Ivoire (Séguéla)
3
sagaka, saghaka, sahaka, sarhaka ⊕Sarhala
Côte d'Ivoire (Séguéla)
3
koro
Côte d'Ivoire (Séguéla)
4
yere ⊕Tiéningboué
(Séguéla)
yama ⊕Marandalla
(Séguéla)
koyaga, koyagha, koyaka, fwoyaa ⊕Mankono
Côte d'Ivoire (Séguéla)
4
siaka, syaka, sia 2, sya 2 ⊕Kongasso
Côte d'Ivoire (Séguéla)
3
00-AAA-bz
kanika-kan
nigbi-kan
sagaka-kan
koro-kan
yere-kan
yama-kan
koyaga-kan
siaka-kan
jula-kan
jula, dioula, dyoula, dyula, djula, diula widely used as vehicular
language in Côte d'Ivoire and in western Burkina-Faso
Côte d'Ivoire; Burkina Faso; Mali
6
00-AAA-bza
kpõka-jula
in [51] Français: dioula de Kong ⊕Kong
Côte d'Ivoire (Ferkéssédougou)
00-AAA-bzb
bonduku-jula
in [51] Français: dioula de Bondoukou ⊕Bondoukou
Côte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou)
00-AAA-bzc
barala-jula
00-AAA-bzd
sikaso-jula
part of "vehicular" jula, in [51] Français: dioula de Sikasso ⊕Sikasso
Mali (Sikasso)
00-AAA-bze
julaso-jula
part of "vehicular" jula, in [51] Français: dioula de Bobo-Dioulasso
⊕Bobo-dioulasso
Burkina Faso (Haut Bassins)
00-AAA-bzf
tabusi-kan
tabusi, tagbusi, tagbisi, part of "vehicular" jula, 'bush-jula'
Côte d'Ivoire-S.
6
00-AAA-c
Maraka+ Bolon
marka
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins; VoltaNoire); Mali (Ségou; Mopti) Υ
5
00-AAA-ca
bolon-kan
bolon, boka, boron, bo, boö
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins; VoltaNoire)
4
00-AAA-caa
bolon-N.
in [51] Français: bolon noir (=«black» bolon) ⊕Kolonzo…
Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire); Mali
(Ségou; Mopti) adjacent
00-AAA-cab
bolon-S.
in [51] Français: bolon blanc (=«white» bolon) ⊕Ségédougou…
Foulasso
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins)
00-AAA-cb
da-fin-kan
da-fin, daf_, marka-dafing, in [51] Français: marka bouche noire
(=«black mouth» marka) ⊕Nouna… Dédougou... Sourou valley
#da-fin(-kan) =«black mouth (language)»
Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire); Mali
(Mopti) adjacent
00-AAA-cba
da-fin-kan-A.
da-fin "proper"
Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)…
00-AAA-cbb
zabaka
00-AAA-cc
maraka-jalan-kan
maraka-jalan (=«dry» marka), marka-jalan, in [51] Français: maraka
sec #maraka-jalan, maraka sec=«dry» marka
Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
00-AAA-cd
meeka-kan
Kuranko
meeka, meka
Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)
00-AAA-d
kuranko-kan, koranko, kuranke, kouranko, kouranke ⊕around Niger
headwaters: Kabala… Kruto… Faranah… Kissidougou Χtransition to
[00] Bamanan+ Manenka
Sierra Leone (Koinadugu); Guinea
(Kankan; Kissidougou) Υ
5
00-AAA-da
kuranko-kan
kuranko
Sierra Leone (Koinadugu); Guinea
(Kankan; Kissidougou)
5
00-AAA-daa
sengbe
"standard" kuranko ⊕Sengbe chiefdom
(Koinadugu)
00-AAA-dab
diang
⊕Diang chiefdom
(Koinadugu)
00-AAA-dac
nieni
⊕Nieni chiefdom
(Koinadugu)
00-AAA-dad
mongo
⊕Mongo chiefdom
(Koinadugu)
00-AAA-dae
neya
⊕Neya chiefdom
(Koinadugu)
00-AAA-daf
samaya
00-AAA-dag
wasamandu
in [51] Français: ouassamandou, wassamandou
(Kissidougou)
00-AAA-dah
muso
manso
(Kissidougou*)
00-AAA-dai
barrawa
00-AAA-daj
mankaliya
00-AAA-dak
lele
00-AAA-e
Vai+ Kono
00-AAA-ea
kono
00-AAA-eaa
kono-N.
00-AAA-eab
00-AAA-eac
00-AAA-eb
00-AAA-bt
00-AAA-bu
00-AAA-bv
00-AAA-bw
00-AAA-bwa
00-AAA-bwb
00-AAA-bx
00-AAA-by
Côte d'Ivoire
Burkina Faso (Volta-Noire)…
(Kankan)
(Kissidougou*)
(Kissidougou*)
(Kissidougou)
4
Sierra Leone (Kono; Pujehun;
formerly Kenema); Liberia (Grand
Cape Mount); also Guinea
(Guéckédou Υ
5
kondo, konnoh
Sierra Leone (Kono)
5
⊕Sando... Lei... Toli... chiefdoms
(Kono); also Guinea (Guéckédou
adjacent)
kono-C.
⊕Kamara... Gbense... Faiama... Tankoro chiefdoms
(Kono)
kono-S.
"peripheral" kono ⊕Nimi Yema... Nimi Koro... Gorama... Gbane...
Soa... Gbane Mafindo chiefdoms
(Kono)
dama
vai
⊕Dama chiefdom ¶extinct
Sierra Leone (formerly Kenema)
0
00-AAA-ec
vei, vy, gallinas, gallines, in [51] Français: vaï Vai syllabic script
Liberia (Grand Cape Mount);
Sierra Leone (Pujehun)
5
00-AAA-eca
vai-sulima
⊕Mano right-bank: Sulima coast
(Pujehun)
00-AAA-ecb
vai-tewo
⊕Mafa right-bank: Tewo chiefdom
(Grand Cape Mount)
00-AAA-ecc
vai-kone
⊕between Mafa… Lofa …rivers inland: Vai Kone chiefdom
(Grand Cape Mount)
00-AAA-ecd
vai-C.
⊕between Mafa… Lofa …lower rivers: Robertsport… Pisu lake
(Tombe+ Gawula chiefdoms)
(Grand Cape Mount)
00-AAA-f
Jelkuna
jelkuna
⊕Banfora>N.
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins)
2
ble, dyala, dyala-nu
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins)
2
00-AAA-fa
kuranko-E. ⊕Kissidougou>W.
4= EURASIA geosector
00-AAB
00-AAB-a
LIGBI+ NUMU net
Ligbi+ Numu
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
Εbilingual in [96] Akan
Ghana; Burkina Faso; Côte d'Ivoire
ligbi-kpira
ligwi, banda, dzowo, nigwi, tsie
Ghana; also Côte d'Ivoire
(Bondoukou)
00-AAB-aaa
bungase
bungasi ⊕Black Vola right-bank: Bungasi
(Brong-Ahafo)
00-AAB-aab
gyogo
00-AAB-aac
dwera
manji-kasa
(Brong-Ahafo)
00-AAB-aad
atumfuor
atumfuor-kasa
(Brong-Ahafo)
00-AAB-aae
ntoleh
00-AAB-ab
hwela-kã
numu-kpera
00-AAC-a
SOSO+ YALUNKA
net
Soso+ Yalunka
00-AAC-aa
soso
00-AAC-aaa
00-AAC-aab
00-AAC
4
Υ
00-AAB-aa
00-AAB-ac
page 41
4
(Brong-Ahafo)
(Brong-Ahafo)
weela, wela, weila, wiila, vwela
Côte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou)
"blacksmith's" ligbi; ligbi "blacksmiths' community", in [51] Français:
noumou
Côte d'Ivoire (Bondoukou)
Guinea (Boffa; Fria; Dubreka;
Kindia; Forécariah; Faranah;
Dabola); Sierra Leone (Kambia;
Bombali; Koinadugu) Υ
5
sose, susoo, susu, sosu, in [51] Français: soussou dialects to be
confirmed
Guinea (Boffa; Fria; Dubreka;
Kindia; Forécariah); Sierra Leone
(Kambia; Bombali)
5
soso-C.
⊕Conakry…
(Dubreka; Forécariah)
soso-N.
⊕Fatala… Konkouré lower valleys
(Boffa; Fria; Dubreka)
00-AAC-aac
soso-E.
⊕Kindia
(Kindia)
00-AAC-aad
soso-S.
⊕Kambia
Sierra Leone (Kambia; Bombali)
4
00-AAC-ab
yalunka
jalonke-S., yalunke, in [51] Français: dialonké, djallonké, dyalonké
distinct from [00] Jalonke-N.
Sierra Leone (Koinadugu); Guinea
(Faranah; Dabola)
5
00-AAC-aba
sulima
⊕Sulima
(Koinadugu)
00-AAC-abb
firia
00-AAC-abc
musaia
⊕Musaia
(Koinadugu)
00-AAC-abd
tagagna
⊕Tagagna
Guinea (Faranah; Dabola)
00-AB
00-ABA-aa
MENDE+ LOMA chain MANDE-SOUTHWEST
MENDE+ LOMA net
Mende+ Landogo
mende+ loko
logo
sanda, sanda-loko, loko-N. ⊕Kamalu>E.: Sanda Loko chiefdom
00-ABA-ab
landogo
loko-S. Εbilingual in [94] Temne and/or [52] Krio
Sierra Leone (Northern: Bombali;
Port Loko; also Southern:
Moyamba)
00-ABA-aba
magbiambo
⊕Magbaiamba chiefdom
(Northern)
00-ABA-abb
gbendembu
⊕Gbendembu
(Northern)
00-ABA-abc
ngoahu
00-ABA-abd
nagbanmba
00-ABA-abe
libisegahun
libeisaygahun ⊕Libeisaygahun chiefdom
(Northern)
00-ABA-abf
koya
⊕Koya chiefdom
(Northern)
00-ABA-abg
ribbi
⊕Ribbi chiefdom
(Northern)
00-ABA-abh
buya
⊕Buya
(Northern)
00-ABA-ac
mende
mendi, boumpe, hulo, kossa, kosso also Ki-ka-ku syllabic script
Sierra Leone (Southern; Eastern);
also Liberia
00-ABA-aca
kpa-mende
kpa, mende-NW. ⊕Mano…
(Southern: Moyamba)
00-ABA-acb
sewa-mende
sewama, mende-C., including banta-mende… sherbro-mende…
⊕Bo… Sherbro island
(Southern: Bo; Bonthe…)
00-ABA-acc
wanjama-mende
waanjama, wanjema, mende-S., including gallines-mende ⊕Pujehun…
Zimi
(Southern: Pujehun)
00-ABA-acd
ko-mende
ko, "up-line mende", mende-E. including komboyo-mende ⊕Kenema…
Kailahun
(Eastern: Kenema; Kailahun)
00-ABA-ace
guma-mende
⊕Guma chiefdom
(Loffa)
00-ABA-ad
bandi
bande, gbande, gbandi, gbunde
(Loffa); also Sierra Leone
(Eastern)
00-ABA-ada
bandi-A.
bande "proper"
(Loffa); also (Eastern)
00-ABA-adb
tahamba
00-ABA-b
⊕Loffa upper valley also Loma-Toma syllabic script
Liberia; Guinea Υ
5
00-ABA-ba
Loma+ Toma
loma
loghoma, lorma, 'bouze', 'busy', 'buzi'
Liberia (Loffa)
5
00-ABA-baa
gizima
ziema ⊕Gizima-Ziema
(Loffa)
00-ABA-bab
wubomei
wuomei ⊕Wuomei
(Loffa)
00-ABA-bac
bunde
00-ABA-bad
buluyiema
bluyema ⊕Bluyema
(Loffa)
00-ABA-bb
toma
toma-SW., toa, toale, toali, tooma
Guinea (Macenta)
00-ABA
00-ABA-a
(Koinadugu)
Sierra Leone; Liberia Υ
6
Sierra Leone (Northern)
Εbilingual in [94] Temne
5
(Northern)
(Northern)
6
4
(Loffa); also (Eastern)
(Loffa)
5
page 42
The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition
Kpele
kpele-A.
⊕Saint Paul valley also Kpelle syllabic script
Liberia; Guinea Υ
5
00-ABA-ca
kpelle, kpelle-S.
Liberia (Montserrado; Loffa; Bong);
Guinea (Yomou)
5
00-ABA-caa
kakata-kpele
⊕Kakata>N.
(Montserrado)
00-ABA-cab
bopolu-kpele
⊕Bopolu>NE.
(Loffa)
00-ABA-cac
totota-kpele
"kpelle"-C., "standard kpelle" ⊕Totota
(Bong)
00-ABA-cad
jokwele
⊕Gbarnga>S.
(Bong)
00-ABA-cae
zota-kpele
zotaa-kpelle ⊕Palala
(Bong)
00-ABA-caf
kpai-kpele
⊕Belefanai
(Bong)
00-ABA-cag
panta-kpele
⊕Peneta
(Bong); (Yomou)
00-ABA-cah
vavala-kpele
⊕Yomou
(Yomou); (Bong)
00-ABA-cb
kpelese*
akpese, gbese, gerse, gerze, kpelesetina, kperese, kpese, kpwessi,
pessa, pessy, kpelle-N., in [51] Français: guerzé
Guinea (Yomou; Nzérékoré)
5
00-B
Arabic script; Latin script
00-BAA-a
SONINKE+
SOROGAMA set
SONINKE chain
SONINKE net
Soninke
Mauritania; Senegal; Burkina Faso;
Côte d'Ivoire; Gambia; GuineaBissau; France Υ
6
00-BAA-aa
soninke-A.
aswanik, gadyaga, marka, markanka, serahuli, silabe, including
diawara, in [51] Français: soninké, sarakolé, sarawulé, toubakaï,
wakoré ⊕Sélibaby… Ayoun-el-Atrous… Néma… southwards &
eastwards
Mauritania (Guidimaka; Hodh
Gharbi; Hodh Charki); Senegal
(Ferlo; Sénégal-Oriental); Mali
(Kayès; Bamako); Burkina Faso;
Côte d'Ivoire; Gambia; GuineaBissau; Guinea; migration >
France
6
00-BAA-ab
azayr
ajer, azer, azjer, adjer, aser, masiin, taghdansh ⊕Tichit oasis ¶extinct
Χinfluenced by [10] Znaga; now submerged by [12] 'Arabiyya
Mauritania (Tagant)
0
00-BAA-ac
girganke
⊕Girganke environs Χinfluenced by [10] Znaga; now submerged by
[12] 'Arabiyya
Mali
0
00-BAA-ad
kinbakka
xenqenna
SOROGAMA+ TIEMA BOZO
00-ABA-c
00-BA
00-BAA
00-BAA-ae
00-BB
Mali
Mali
chain
00-BBA
00-BBA-a
00-BBA-aa
00-BBB
00-BBB-a
TIEMA net
Tiema
tiema-ciewe
SOROGAMA net
Sorogama
⊕Debo lake: Niger exit
Mali
3
tie-ma, in [51] Français: tié 2, tié-bozo Εplurilingual in [00] Bamanan,
[01] Songhay and/or [90] Fula
Mali (Mopti)
3
sorogo-bozo, sorogama-bozo, coroga-ma ⊕Mopti… Diaka valley…
Debo lake Εplurilingual in [00] Bamanan, [01] Songhay and/or [90] Fula
Mali
5
kotya
Mali (Mopti)
jana-ma, jena-ma
Mali (Mopti)
00-BBB-ab
kotya-xo
pondori
00-BBB-aba
pondori-N.
00-BBB-abb
pondori-S.
00-BBB-ac
korondugu
in [51] Français: koondougou, korondougou ⊕Korondougou…
Mali (Mopti)
00-BBB-aca
korondugu-N.
⊕Korondougou>N.
(Mopti)
00-BBB-acb
korondugu-S.
⊕Korondougou>S.
(Mopti)
00-BBB-ad
débo ⊕Debo lake
Mali (Mopti)
00-BBC-a
debo
TIEYA net
Tieya
⊕Niger valley… Diaka valley: Koa… Miérou… Diafarabé…
Sendédaga; also migrants down Niger and other rivers Εbilingual in
[00] Bamanan / Jula
Mali; Burkina Faso Υ
3
00-BBC-aa
tieya-xo
tiel, tieye, tige-maxo, tyeya-xo, tieyaxo-bozo, in [51] Français: tié, tiémaxo, tié-yakho, tégué, tigué-makho
Mali (Mopti…); also Burkina Faso
3
00-BBD
HAINYA net
Hainya
hainya-xo
⊕Niger valley: Miérou… Jamani Εbilingual in [00] Bamanan / Jula
Mali; Burkina Faso Υ
3
kelinga, hainyaxo-bozo; hain community, xan person
Mali (Ségou…); also Burkina Faso
3
Εbilingual in [00] Jula
00-BBB-aa
00-BBC
00-BBD-a
00-BBD-aa
(Mopti)
(Mopti)
samo, samogo, samogho, sembla+ jung Latin script
Burkina Faso (Comoé)
4
00-CAA-aa
JUNG+ SENKU set
JUNG+ SENKU chain
SENKU net
Senku
senku
sembla, sambla, samogho-senku, samogo-senku, semogo-senku,
samo-senku, samogo-N., samo-N.
(Comoé)
4
00-CAA-aaa
buende
⊕Bouende… Torosso
(Comoé)
00-CAA-aab
karankasso
⊕Karankasso
(Comoé)
00-CAA-aac
banzo
⊕Banzo… Tiara… Bama
(Comoé)
00-C
00-CA
00-CAA
00-CAA-a
SAMOGHO-SEMBLA, sembla, sambla-samogho, sembla-somogho
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 43
JUNG+ JOWULU net
Jung+ Jowulu
SAMOGHO-JUNG
samogo-jung, samoro-jung Εbilingual in [00] Jula
Burkina Faso (Kénédougou); Mali
(Kadiolo) Υ
kpango
jungo*
samogho-gban, samogo-gouan ⊕Orodara environs: Samorogouan...
Burkina Faso (Kénédougou)
00-CAB-ab
dzungo, dzun, dyun, jung "proper", samogho-hiri, samogo-iri ⊕Orodara
environs
Burkina Faso (Kénédougou)
00-CAB-ac
jung-oma*
Burkina Faso (Kénédougou)
00-CAB-aca
dungu-woluma
(Kénédougou)
00-CAB-acb
samogo-siew
00-CAB-ad
bakari-dugu
00-CAB-ada
samogo-bakaridugu
00-CAB-adb
samogo-mahon
00-CAB-ae
jo-wulu
jo, jotoni ⊕Loulouni arrondissement
00-D
DAN+ SYA set
MANWI chain
MANWI net
Man-wi
MANDE-EAST Latin script
00-DAA-ab
00-CAB
00-CAB-a
00-CAB-aa
4
(Kénédougou)
⊕Bakaridougou
Burkina Faso (Kénédougou)
(Kénédougou)
(Kénédougou)
Mali (Kadiolo)
3
mã, maa, mah, mawe, mano, manon ⊕St.John upper valley… Nimba
mountains
Guinea (Yomou; Nzérékoré);
Liberia (Nimba) Υ
5
man-N.*
sanikweli-ma
⊕Diéké… N'Zérékoré… Lola clan-dialects to be identified
Guinea (Yomou; Nzérékoré)
5
sanniquellie-mah
Liberia (Nimba)
00-DAA-aba
yaamein
yarmein ⊕Gbleeyi>S.
(Nimba)
00-DAA-abb
sei
sehyi ⊕Seingbein
(Nimba)
00-DAA-abc
gbein
⊕Taye>S.
(Nimba)
00-DAA-abd
gaa
gar ⊕Zuluyii
(Nimba)
00-DAA-abe
bein
bain ⊕Gaapa
(Nimba)
00-DAA-ac
saklepea-ma
saclepea-mah
Liberia (Nimba)
00-DAA-aca
gbana
gbana ⊕Flumpa
(Nimba)
00-DAA-acb
lao
⊕Kpein, Kpain
(Nimba)
00-DAA-acc
lisono
lissono ⊕Karnwee, Gunwee
(Nimba)
00-DAA-acd
wei
⊕Saclepea, Sagleipie
(Nimba)
00-DAA-ace
zaan
zahn ⊕Zahnboi>N. & E.
(Nimba)
00-DAA-acf
gbei
⊕Duayee, Dueyi
(Nimba)
00-DAA-ad
yaawein-ma
yarwein-mah, yarwein+ mehnsonoh
(Nimba)
00-DAA-ada
mesona
mesono ⊕Mehnla… Ganwee
(Nimba)
00-DAA-adb
zenla
⊕Zikepa>S.
(Nimba)
00-DAA-adc
yaawein
ya, yawin, yaawein "proper" ⊕Kwinde
(Nimba)
00-DB
00-DBA
DAN+ WEEN chain
DAN+ WEEN net
00-DBA-a
Ween
Tura ⊕Toura mountains... Bafing+ Sassandra valleys
Côte d'Ivoire (Biankouma; Touba
adjacent)Υ
4
00-DBA-aa
ween
wℜℜ, tura, toura; wen-mebo community, in [00] Dan: gbea-me
community list of clan-dialects to be confirmed
Côte d'Ivoire (Biankouma; Touba
adjacent)
4
00-DBA-aaa
linge-du
lingué-dougou, including ira-mazéré
(Biankouma; Touba adjacent)
00-DBA-aab
guse
goussé
(Biankouma)
00-DBA-aac
nao
zoua-gnon*
(Biankouma)
00-DBA-aad
né-bou
boo, bou
(Biankouma)
00-DBA-aae
yilige-le
irigué-lé
(Biankouma)
00-DBA-aaf
gweo
guéou-lé
(Biankouma)
00-DBA-aag
waa-du
probably including di-goua-lé ⊕Digoualé
(Biankouma)
00-DBA-b
Dan+ Gio
including (in Côte d'Ivoire) dã; dan-mpo-me, yakouba, yacouba,
yakuba, yafoba community… (in Liberia) gio, gyo, ge, geh, sa, ngèrè;
ge-ma, ge-mè community #dan-mpo-me =«dan-speaking people»;
yafoba <ya-po-ba=«I say that…» ⊕Nimba+ Dang mountains… Cess
valley ¶fragmented 'clans', disrupted in Liberia by civil-war in 1990's
Côte d'Ivoire (Touba; Biankouma;
Danané; Man); Liberia (Nimba);
Guinea adjacent Υ
6
00-DBA-ba
dan-NW.*
Côte d'Ivoire (Touba); Guinea
(Beyla; Nzérékoré)
4
00-DBA-baa
santa-N.
⊕Santa>N.
Côte d'Ivoire (Touba)
00-DBA-bab
guaraso
⊕Guarasso
Guinea (Beyla; Nzérékoré)
00-DBA-bb
dan-N.
dan "proper", dan-ménou list of clan-dialects to be confirmed
Côte d'Ivoire (Touba; Biankouma;
Danané; Man)
00-DBA-bba
saabelo+ gataso
⊕Touba>S.: Saabélo… Gataso (enclave)
(Touba)
00-DBA-bbb
biassé
(Touba)
00-DBA-bbc
sipi-lou
(Touba)
00-DBA-bbd
ple-pleu
00-DBA-bbe
santa-S.
00-DBA-bbf
gamassé
00-DBA-bbg
san-dugu
00-DA
00-DAA
00-DAA-a
00-DAA-aa
(Touba)
⊕Santa>S.
(Touba)
(Touba)
san-dougou, sanan-dougou ⊕Sanandougou
(Touba)
5
page 44
The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition
00-DBA-bbh
bié
(Touba)
00-DBA-bbi
go
(Touba)
00-DBA-bbj
niou-leu
00-DBA-bbk
gan
including gan-le ⊕Biankouma
(Biankouma)
00-DBA-bbl
té
⊕Biankouma>S.
(Biankouma)
00-DBA-bbm
ka
⊕Man>N.
(Man)
00-DBA-bbn
souin
⊕Man>E.
(Man)
00-DBA-bbo
sré-neu
⊕Man>W.
(Man)
00-DBA-bbp
blo-mé
(Man)
00-DBA-bbq
goua-né
(Man)
00-DBA-bbr
gouroussé
(Danané)
00-DBA-bbs
oua
00-DBA-bc
dan-SE.
part of boutyou-leu-ménou, dan-S.
Côte d'Ivoire (Man)
00-DBA-bca
blémi
⊕Man>S.
(Man)
00-DBA-bcb
yati
00-DBA-bcc
yaten
00-DBA-bcd
yesé*
yézé ⊕Man>SW.
(Man; Danané)
00-DBA-bd
dan-SW.
part of boutyou-leu-ménou, dan-S. list of clan-dialects to be
confirmed
Côte d'Ivoire (Danané; Man)
00-DBA-bda
noué
00-DBA-bdb
kéigo-leu
00-DBA-bdc
gbéi-leu
⊕Gbépleu
(Danané)
00-DBA-bdd
yo-leu
⊕Yoleu
(Danané)
00-DBA-bde
katigui
00-DBA-bdf
gban-leu
00-DBA-bdg
gongui-né
00-DBA-bdh
saha-pleu
⊕Danané
(Danané)
00-DBA-bdi
you-pleu
⊕Yaopleu
(Danané)
00-DBA-bdj
zio-leu
⊕Zoleu
(Danané)
00-DBA-bdk
déako-pleu
00-DBA-bdl
doua-leu
00-DBA-bdm
blon-leu
00-DBA-bdn
koa-leu
00-DBA-bdo
kéa-pleu
00-DBA-bdp
zagui-neu
00-DBA-bdq
yoro-leu
00-DBA-bdr
bio-leu
00-DBA-bds
sa-leu
00-DBA-bdt
vanhoué
00-DBA-bdu
izia-lé
00-DBA-bdv
gouégou-leu…
00-DBA-bdw
blou-no
00-DBA-bdx
den-leu
00-DBA-be
gbele-ge
gbelé, gbehlay-geh, "upper gio" ⊕Gbelay-Geh chiefdom
Liberia (Nimba)
00-DBA-bea
zo
zor ⊕Gowii
(Nimba)
00-DBA-beb
kpea-ple
⊕Kpiarplay>N.
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bec
gbe-lei
gbelei, gbelé, gbelé-ge "proper" ⊕Kaaple, Kahnple
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bed
so-lei
solay ⊕Gaple
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bee
sla-lei
slalay ⊕Ganagle
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bf
zoo-ge
zoe-geh, part of "lower gio"* ⊕Zoe-Geh chiefdom
Liberia (Nimba)
00-DBA-bfa
gbao
⊕Zontuo
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bfb
zoo
zoe-geh "proper" ⊕Baan
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bfc
gboo
gbor ⊕Peyii
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bfd
ya-lei
yarlay ⊕Gblola
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bfe
butulu
butula ⊕Butulu>W.
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bg
boo+ kelei
boe+ quella, part of "lower gio"* ⊕Boe-Quella chiefdom
Liberia (Nimba)
00-DBA-bga
boo
boe ⊕Towei
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bgb
ke-lei
quella ⊕Youpie
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bh
gio-S.
"river cess gio", including "amalgamated" gio… gbi+ doru ⊕Cess valley
Liberia (Nimba)
00-DBA-bha
doo
doe ⊕Grei
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bhb
gbeaa
gbear ⊕Tapiple
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bhc
gbloo
gblor ⊕Diala
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bhd
gbi
part of gbi+ doru
(Nimba)
00-DBA-bhe
doru
part of gbi+ doru
(Nimba)
(Touba)
(Danané)
4*
(Man)
(Man)
5
(Danané)
(Danané)
(Danané)
including also zoualeu… kpeulé… yoleu… gbapleu ⊕Gbanleu…
(Danané)
(Danané)
(Danané)
⊕Liberian frontier: Douéleu
(Danané)
(Danané)
(Danané)
⊕Kouépleu
(Danané)
(Danané)
⊕Yoleu*
(Danané)
(Danané)
⊕Seileu
(Danané)
(Danané)
(Danané)
including also douéleu… trouangouleu… zingouleu… zoulougbon…
goulélé… guiélou ⊕Gouégoualé…
(Man; Danané)
(Man)
(Man)
4*
4*
4*
5*
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 45
kweni+ yaure
00-DCA-a
GOLO+ YOWELE
chain
GOLO net
Golo
⊕Zuénoula... Vavoua... Gouitafla... Bouaflé... Sinfra... Oumé souspréfectures
Côte d'Ivoire (Bouaflé, Gagnoa...)
5
00-DCA-aa
golo
kweni, guro, lo, in [51] Français: gouro, kwéndré up to 50 or more
clan-dialects to be classified and listed
(Bouaflé, Gagnoa...)
5
00-DCB
⊕Bouaflé... Bandama Rouge+. Bandama Blanc valleys... Koussou lake
Côte d'Ivoire (Bouaflé)
4
00-DCB-aa
YOWELE net
Yowele
yowele
yaure, kanga-bono, in [51] Français: yauré, yaouré, yohowré, youré
Côte d'Ivoire (Bouaflé)
4
00-DCB-aaa
bhoo
(Bouaflé)
00-DCB-aab
klan
(Bouaflé)
00-DCB-aac
taan
(Bouaflé)
00-DCB-aad
yaan
(Bouaflé)
00-DCB-aae
yoo
(Bouaflé)
00-DD
00-DDA-aa
BENG+ GBÃ chain
GBÃ net
Gbã
gbã
00-DDA-aaa
bokabo
00-DDA-aab
bokwa
00-DDA-aac
n'da
00-DDA-aad
tuka
00-DDB
00-DEB-aa
BENG net
Beng
beng
MWÃ+ WÃ chain
MWÃ net
Mwã
mwã
WÃ net
Wã
wã
00-DEB-aaa
miamu
(Séguéla and/or Bouaflé)
00-DEB-aab
kemu
(Séguéla and/or Bouaflé)
00-DF
00-DFA-a
BISA chain
BISA net
Bisa
00-DFA-aa
00-DC
00-DCA
00-DCB-a
00-DDA
00-DDA-a
00-DDB-a
00-DDB-aa
00-DE
00-DEA
00-DEA-a
00-DEA-aa
00-DEB
00-DEB-a
00-DFA
KWENI
⊕Oumé sous-préfecture
Côte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa)
4
gban, gagu, in [51] Français: gagou
Côte d'Ivoire (Gagnoa)
4
(Gagnoa)
(Gagnoa)
gban-C.
(Gagnoa)
(Gagnoa)
⊕M'bhiakro... Prikro… Εbilingual in [00] Jula and/or [96] Baule
Côte d'Ivoire (Bouaké…)
4
ben, ngain, ngan, nguin, ngin, ngen, gan
Côte d'Ivoire (Bouaké…)
4
⊕Kongasso... Mankono sous-préfectures
Côte d'Ivoire (Séguéla)
4
mona, muana, mwan, muan, in [51] Français: mouan
Côte d'Ivoire (Séguéla)
4
⊕Kounahiri... Béoumi sous-préfectures
Côte d'Ivoire (Séguéla; Bouaflé)
4
wan, nwa, noua, ouan
Côte d'Ivoire (Séguéla; Bouaflé)
4
⊕around White Volta river: Garango... Zabré... Gomboussougou...
Tenkodogo... Bitou
Burkina Faso (Est); migration>
Côte d'Ivoire; Ghana; Togo
5
bisa
bissa
Burkina Faso (Est: Boulgou;
Zoundweogo)
5
00-DFA-aaa
barka
baraka, bisa-E.
Burkina Faso (Est)
00-DFA-aab
lebir
bisa-W.
Burkina Faso (Est)
00-DG
GOE+ BOKO chain
GOE+ MAKAA net
00-DGA
SAMOGO-SANE, samo-sane, samogho-sane, samogo-N., samo-N.,
san, gunyan, dyanke
goℜ, matya, makya
Burkina Faso (Volta Noire: Sourou)
5
goe-CW. ⊕Tougan
Burkina Faso (Volta Noire: Sourou)
5
goe-N. ⊕Louta
Burkina Faso (Volta Noire: Sourou)
goe-E.
Burkina Faso (Volta Noire: Sourou)
goe-NE., tiembara, kiembara ⊕Kiembara
Burkina Faso (Volta Noire: Sourou)
00-DGA-ba
Goe
tougan
louta
zoumou
maya
Makaa
makaa
00-DGA-baa
makaa-N.
00-DGA-bab
makaa-S.
00-DGB
SAMOGHO-DUUN
00-DGB-a
DUUN net
Duun*
00-DGB-aa
duun
00-DGB-aaa
00-DGB-aab
00-DGB-aac
00-DGA-a
00-DGA-aa
00-DGA-ab
00-DGA-ac
00-DGA-ad
00-DGA-b
toma-E., makia, maya, nyanaa ⊕Toma... Yaba... Gossina... Ye...
Kugny... Gassan departments
Burkina Faso (Volta Noire: Sourou)
5
Burkina Faso (Volta Noire: Sourou)
5
(Sourou)
(Sourou)
Mali (Sikasso); Burkina Faso
(Kénédougou); Côte d'Ivoire
(Boundiali) Υ
4
samogho-duun, samogo-duun, samoro-duun, samogho-don, d__, dugn
(Sikasso); (Kénédougou);
(Boundiali)
4
sikasso-duun
⊕Sikasso…
(Sikasso)
kénédougou-duun
⊕Kénédougou…
(Kénédougou)
boundiali-duun
⊕Boundiali…
(Boundiali)
page 46
The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition
00-DGD-a
JOWULU net
Jowulu
jowulu
BOKO+ SHANGA
net
Boko+ Bokobaru
00-DGD-aa
boko
boo, bokko, bokonya ⊕between Gouroukpa… Ouora valleys (Niger
right-bank tributaries)
Bénin (Borgou); Nigeria (Kwara)
00-DGD-ab
wawa
bokobaru
wawa-busa, part of busa-gwe
Nigeria (Kwara)
00-DGD-ac
bokobaru-busa, part of busa-gwe ⊕Kaiama… Moshi middle-valley
Nigeria (Kwara)
00-DGD-aca
kaiama
⊕Kaiama
Nigeria (Kwara)
00-DGD-acb
zogbme
zongben
(Kwara)
00-DGD-acc
zugweya
00-DGD-b
Εbilingual in [19] Hausa
Nigeria (Sokoto)
3
shangawa, shonga, shongawa ⊕Shanga
(Sokoto)
3
kyenga, tyanga, kenga ⊕Kyanga Χsubmerged by [19] Hausa
(Sokoto)
2
00-DHA-a
Shanga+ Tyenga
shanga
tyenga
SYA+ ZARA chain
SYA+ ZARA net
Sya+ Zara
bwa, in [00] Jula: bobo-fing, bobo-da, bobo-fign, bobo-finng, bobo-f_,
bobo-madare, bobo-jula, in [51] Français: bobo noir, bobo-dyoula,
bobo-dioula #bobo-fing, bobo noir =«black bobo»
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins; VoltaNoire); Mali (Sikasso) Υ
5
00-DHA-aa
zara-dan
zara, zaradan-jari, sankura ⊕Volta Noire valley>NE.
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins; VoltaNoire); Mali (Sikasso)
3
00-DHA-aaa
zara-dan-W.
⊕Boura… Mafoune
(Sikasso-NE.)
00-DHA-aab
zara-dan-E.
(Haut-Bassins; Volta-Noire)
00-DHA-ab
Burkina Faso
00-DHA-ae
benge
sogokiri
tinkire
sya
00-DHA-af
vore
00-DGC
00-DGC-a
00-DGC-aa
00-DGD
00-DGD-ba
00-DGD-bb
00-DH
00-DHA
00-DHA-ac
00-DHA-ad
⊕Loulouni environs
Mali (Kadiolo)
3
jo, samogho-jowulu, samogho-jo
(Kadiolo)
3
including busa-gwe, bussa-gwe, busa "proper", boussa, bussa,
busansé, bisa, in [19] Hausa: busanchi; busawa community Εbilingual
in [19] Hausa
Bénin (Borgou); Nigeria (Kwara;
Sokoto) Υ
5
5
"WIDER"-BUSA
(Kwara)
BOBO-FING
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso
sia, bobo-dioulasso, bobo-sya, "literary" bobo-fing ⊕Bobo-Dioulasso,
Sya>N.
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins)
Burkina Faso (Haut-Bassins)
5
4= EURASIA geosector
01=
SONGHAIC
phylozone
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 47
covers the Songhay+Sahaq set (part of the "Nilo-Saharan" Burkina Faso; Mali; Niger; Algeria
hypothesis; and part of the "Mande+Songhai" hypothesis);
comprising 1 set of languages (= 5 outer languages) spoken
by communities in West and Northwest Africa, along the
Middle Niger valley and on the Saharan fringes:
6
01-A SONGHAY+ SAHAQ
"wider" songhai Arabic script Latin script
01-AAA-a
SONGHAY+ SAHAQ
set
SONGHAY+ SAHAQ
chain
SONGHAY+ ZARMA
net
Songhay-kine
songhay, songhay-ciini, songay, songoi, sonrai, songhai, sonrhai,
koroboro, koira-kine, in [51] Français: songhaï, songhoï #kine =
«language»; koira-kine =«country language» ⊕former extension
th
(during empire of the Askias in the 16 century): from upstream of
Djenné to the present-day frontier of Nigeria and northward into the
Sahara as far as the Taghaza, Terhazza oasis
Mali; Niger; Burkina Faso Υ
6
01-AAA-aa
songhay-W.
"wider" jene-kine ⊕Niger bend: Diaka river… Tombouctou downstream
Mali (Mopti; Gao)
5
01-AAA-aaa
jene-kine
in [51] Français: songhaï de Djenné ⊕Djenné, Jene: Diaka river>N.…
Niafounké; no longer an important language at Djenné, but retained as
a trade language along the Niger between Djenné and Tombouctou
(Mopti)
01-AAA-aab
timbuktu
in [51] Français: songhaï de Tombouctou ⊕Tombouctou, Timbuktu
(Gao)
01-AAA-aac
araouane
araouan ⊕Araouane
(Gao)
01-AAA-aad
tombata
tombmata
(Gao)
01-AAA-ab
songhay-C.
01-AAA-aba
hombori-kine
⊕Hombori>S.
(Mopti)
01-AAA-abb
tinie
tinyé, tinié ⊕Tinié
(Centre-Nord)
01-AAA-abc
marense
maransé, sonkeno
(Centre-Nord)
01-AAA-abd
kaado
kado, kaadino
(Mopti); (Centre-Nord)
01-AAA-ac
songhai-E.
"wider" gao-kine ⊕Bamba… Gao downstream
Mali (Gao); Niger (Niamey)
01-AAA-aca
bamba
⊕Bamba
(Gao)
01-AAA-acb
gao-kine
⊕Gao
(Gao)
01-AAA-acc
alkaseybaten
kel-alkaseybaten
(Gao)…
01-AAA-acd
gabero
(Gao)…
01-AAA-b
Dendi+ Zarma
Niger; Nigeria; Bénin; Burkina
Faso Υ
6
01-AAA-ba
dendi
in [19] Hausa: dandawa community
Niger (Dosso); Nigeria (Sokoto);
Bénin (Atakora; Borgou)
4
01-AAA-baa
dendi-N.
⊕Niger valley: Falmey… Guéné… Illo
(Dosso); (Borgou); (Sokoto)
01-AAA-bab
kandi
⊕Kandi ¶spoken by émigré community
(Borgou)
01-AAA-bac
paraku
parakou ⊕Parakou ¶spoken by émigré community
(Borgou)
01-AAA-bad
jugu
djougou ⊕Djougou ¶spoken by émigré community
(Atakora)
01-AAA-bb
zarma
dyerma, dyabarma, dyarma, zabarma, zarbarma, zabirmawa,
adzerma, in [51] Français: djerma; including wogo
Niger (Niamey; Dosso); Benin
(Borgou); also Nigeria (Sokoto…)
01-AAA-bba
dosso
⊕Dosso
(Dosso)
01-AAA-bbb
karimama
⊕Karimama
(Borgou); (Dosso frontier)
01-AAA-c
01-AAA-ca
Tihisit+ Tagdalt
tihisit+ tagdalt
01-AAA-caa
tihisit
tiheeshit, tiheesit ⊕Tilemsès…
Niger (Tahoua)
01-AAA-cab
tagdalt
⊕In-Gall>SW.
Niger (Agadez; Tahoua)
01-AAA-cac
taborog
⊕location to be confirmed
perhaps Mali (Gao)*
01-AAB
songhay-N.
Mali; Niger Υ
4
01-AAB-aa
SAHAQ+ KORANJE
net
Sahaq
sahaq
dausahaq, daoussak, daoussahaq, dawsahaq, including ingelsi…
emgedshie
Mali (Gao); Niger (Niamey;
Agadez)
4
01-AAB-aaa
ta-daksahak
sahaq-SW., i-daksahak
(Gao); (Niamey)
01-AAB-aab
ta-sawaq
sahaq-NE. ⊕In-Gall>N.… Agadez
(Agadez)
01-AAB-b
Koranje
koranje
⊕Tabelbala oasis…
Algeria
3
belbali community, tabelbala
Algeria (Saoura)
3
01-A
01-AA
01-AAA
01-AAB-a
01-AAB-ba
5
Mali (Mopti); Burkina Faso (CentreNord)
Niger; Mali* Υ
Niger (Agadez; Tahoua)…
5
6
4*
4*
page 48
02=
The Linguasphere Register
SAHARIC
phylozone
1999 / 2000 edition
covers the "Saharan" or "East-Saharan" grouping (part of the Chad; Niger; Nigeria; Sudan
"Nilo-Saharan" hypothesis); comprising 3 sets of languages (=
5 outer languages) spoken by communities in northern
Central Africa, on the Saharan fringes and oases from the
Chad Basin northeastwards:
02-A KANURI+ KANEMBU
02-C BERI+ BERTI
6
02-B TUDA+ DAZA
02-AAA-a
KANURI+
KANEMBU set
KANURI+
KANEMBU chain
KANURI+
KANEMBU net
Kanuri
02-AAA-aa
manga
02-AAA-aaa
manga-N.
⊕Alkamari… Mir… Nguigmi
(Diffa; also Zinder)
02-AAA-aab
manga-S.
⊕Machena… Nguru… Mober… Kanembu districts
(Bornu; Kano)
02-AAA-ab
yerwa
bornu, 'beriberi', 'baribari', kole, sirata, aga, in [51] Français: bornou,
bornouan ⊕Yerwa... Borno... Nguru... Geidam... Kukawa... Damaturu...
Kaga... Maiduguri... Mongumo... Fune... Gujba... Ngala... Bama...
Fika... Gwoza... Hadejia... N'djamena-SE.... Lairi... Bokoro-SW.... Ati...
Nigeria (Bornu; Kano); Niger
(Zinder; Diffa); Cameroon; Chad
(Kanem; N'djamena; ChariBaguirmi; Batha); also migration>
Sudan
6
02-AAA-aba
dagara
dogara ⊕Boultoum… Gamou… Shirm-alek… Dagarari
(Zinder)
4
02-AAA-abb
njesko
jetko, dietko ⊕Gouré… Nguigmi cercles
(Zinder; Diffa)
02-AAA-abc
kabari
kuvuri, kubari ⊕Chad, Tchad lake north shore: Nguigmi>E.…
(Diffa)
2
02-AAA-abd
sugurti
tsugurti ⊕Chad, Tchad lake west shore & islands
(Diffa)
3
02-AAA-abe
lare
lere; larewa, lerewa community ⊕Fune… Damaturu districts
(Bauchi; Bornu)
02-AAA-abf
ngazar
⊕Gujba… Fune districts
(Bornu)
02-AAA-abg
guvja
⊕Gujba…
(Bornu)
02-AAA-abh
kagama
kaga ⊕Kaga
(Bornu)
02-AAA-abi
fadawa
⊕Potiskum environs
(Bornu)
02-AAA-abj
maiduguri
⊕Maiduguri
(Bornu)
02-AAA-abk
mao
⊕Mao
(Kanem)
02-AAA-ac
kwayyamo
mavar
kwayam, koyam, koyyam ⊕Goudoumaria>E.
Niger (Diffa); Nigeria (Bornu)
mober, movar, mobber, mobör, mabar, mobeur ⊕Mober+ Kanembu
districts… Gouré+ Nguigmi cercles
Nigeria (Bornu); Niger (Diffa)
4
Kanembu
kanembu-kanembu
⊕Chad, Tchad lake>N. & E.
Chad; Niger Υ
4
02-AAA-ba
kanembu, kanambu, in [51] Français: kanembou
Chad (Kanem; Lac; ChariBaguirmi); Niger
4
02-AAA-baa
karkawu
02-AAA-bab
mando
02-AAA-bac
nguri
⊕N'Gouri
Chad…
02-AAA-bb
haddad
⊕Massakory-W.
Chad (Chari-Baguirmi)
02-B
TUBU Arabic script Latin script
02-BAA-a
TUDA+ DAZA set
TUDA+ DAZA chain
TUDA+ DAZA net
Tuda+ Daza
tubu, tebu, tibbu, in [51] Français: toubou, tibou, tebou Εbilingual in
[12] 'Arabiyya (Shuwa)
Niger; Chad; Libya Υ
5
02-BAA-aa
tuda-ga
tudu, teda, toda, todaga, todga, tubu-N., tubu "proper" ⊕Fezzan
plain… Djado+ Tchiga plateaux… Tibesti massif… Bodélé basin…
Ennedi massif
Libya (Fezzan); Niger (Agadez;
Diffa); Chad (Kanem; Tibesti;
Borkou; Ennedi)
5
02-BAA-aaa
gunda
gounda ⊕Fezzan plain… Tchiga plateau… Tcheni Tchadi plain
(Fezzan); (Agadez; Diffa)
02-BAA-aab
brawia
⊕Djado plateau
(Agadez)
02-BAA-aac
chigaa
⊕Séguédine… Bilma… Fachi
(Agadez)
02-BAA-aad
tomagra
tomagera, temageri or perhaps a dialect of [02] Yerwa ⊕Niger-Chad
frontier… Ennedi massif: Toro environs
(Kanem; Borkou; Ennedi); also
(Diffa)
02-BAA-ab
daza-ga
daza, dasa, dazza, aza, daza-gada, tubu-S. ⊕Nguigmi cercle… Chitati
country... Bahr-el-Ghazal+ Bodélé basins… Faya-Largeau... Fada
Niger (Diffa); Chad (Lac; Kanem;
Borkou; Batha; Ennedi; also ChariBaguirmi-N.)
02-BAA-aba
kasherda
kecherda, daza-kecherda, including sakerda, sakarda… kasherdaW.… kasherda-E. ⊕scattered from Chad, Tchad lake>NW. (kasherdaW.+ sakerda) to Fitri lake>N. (kasherda-E.)
(Diffa); (Kanem; Borkou; Ennedi;
Batha)
02-BAA-abb
wannala
wandala, wandalla ⊕Chitati country: Rig Rig… migration (by early 20
cent.)>Nguigmi cercle
02-BAA-abc
gaduwa
gaaduwa, gadiwa, gadua, qadawa ⊕Chad lake>N.
02-BAA-abd
chitati
02-A
02-AA
02-AAA
02-AAA-ad
02-AAA-b
02-BA
02-BAA
Arabic script Latin script
"WIDER"-BORNU, in [51] Français: kanouri, kanoury
Nigeria; Niger; Chad; Cameroon;
also Sudan Υ
6
Nigeria (Bornu; Kano); Niger (Diffa;
probably Zinder)
4
Chad…
Chad…
th
(Lac; Kanem); (Diffa)
(Kanem); (Diffa)
(Kanem)
5
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 49
02-BAA-ac
kreda
karda, karra ⊕Bahr-el-Ghazal basin: Massakori+ Koal… Mortcha,
Mortcho
Chad (Kanem; also ChariBaguirmi-N.; Batha)
02-BAA-aca
yorda
ngalamiya
(Kanem…)
02-BAA-acb
karda
kreda "proper"
(Kanem)
02-BAA-acc
norea
⊕Mondo… Mao>N.
(Kanem)
02-BAA-acd
iria
02-C
ZAGHAWA Arabic script Latin script
02-CAA-a
BERI+ BERTI set
BERI+ BERTI chain
BERI+ BELI net
Beri+ Beli
zaghawa, zagawa, zeghawa, zauge, zorhaua, soghaua, in [12]
'Arabiyya: kebadi, in [51] Français: zaghaoua, zeggaoua, zagaoua
⊕Fada... Guéréda... Shigaib... Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Baggari);
now largely or entirely Arabic-speaking in Sudan (and Libya)
Sudan (Darfur); Chad (Biltine); also
Niger; Libya-S. Υ
5
02-CAA-aa
beri-aa
beri, berri, beria, zaghawa "proper", merida, kebadi, kuyuk
Sudan (Darfur); Chad (Biltine;
Ennedi)
5
02-CAA-aaa
tuer-gala
dor*
(Darfur); perhaps also Chad
02-CAA-aab
dirong-guruf
02-CAA-aac
kobe-kapka
kobe ⊕Kapka massif
(Biltine)
02-CAA-ab
beli
bideyat
Chad (Ennedi)
02-CAA-aba
baele
02-CAA-abb
anna
02-CAA-abc
awe
(Ennedi)
02-CAA-abd
terawia
(Ennedi)
02-CAB
02-CAB-a
BERTI net
Berti
¶extinct
formerly Sudan (Dar-Fur;
Kordofan)
0
02-CAB-aa
berti
⊕Berti, Tagabo mountains…
(Dar-Fur; Kordofan)
0
02-CA
02-CAA
(Kanem)
(Darfur); perhaps also Chad
3
(Ennedi)
anka*
(Ennedi)
ι
page 50
03=
The Linguasphere Register
SUDANIC
phylozone
covers the "Central Sudanic" grouping (part of the "Nilo- Cameroon; Central African Rep.;
Saharan" hypothesis); comprising 2 sets of languages (= 37 Chad; Congo-Zaire; Sudan;
outer languages) spoken by communities in northern Central Uganda
Africa, from Lake Chad to the Upper Nile:
03-A NGAMBAI+ BAKA
bongo+ bagirmi Latin script
03-AAA-aa
NGAMBAI+ BAKA
set
NGAMBAI+ YULU
chain
NGAMBAI+ BARMA
net
Barma+ Beraku
tar-barma
03-AAA-aaa
03-AAA-aab
03-A
03-AA
03-AAA
1999 / 2000 edition
6
03-B MANGBETU+ MORU
"Wider"-Bagirmi Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Shuwa)
Chad; Cameroon; Nigeria Υ
4
tar-bagrimma, bagrimma, bagirmi, baghirmi, lis, tar-lisi, lisi, in [51]
Français: baguirmi, baguirmien, baguirmé further idioms to be added
Chad (Chari-Baguirmi); Cameroon
(Extrême-Nord); Nigeria (Borno)
4
masenya
⊕Massénya
(Chari-Baguirmi)
buso
⊕Bousso
(Chari-Baguirmi)
03-AAA-aac
barma-W.
⊕Maiduguri>E.
(Borno); (Extrême-Nord)
03-AAA-ab
beraku
berakou, babalia community, bubalia community
Chad (Chari-Baguirmi)
03-AAA-aba
gulfey
⊕Goulfey-E.
(Chari-Baguirmi)
03-AAA-abb
lairi
⊕Lairi valley
(Chari-Baguirmi)
03-AAA-b
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Shuwa)
Chad (Chari-Baguirmi; Batha)
4
03-AAA-ba
Kuka+ Kodoi
kuka
kouka, tar-lisi 2, lisi 2 ⊕Bokoro... Ati sous-préfectures
Chad (Chari-Baguirmi; Batha)
4
03-AAA-baa
masakori
⊕Massakori>E.
(Chari-Baguirmi)
03-AAA-bab
batha
⊕Batha valley
(Batha)
03-AAA-bac
ras-el-fil
⊕Ras-el-fil>S.
Chad
03-AAA-bb
bilala
kodoi
Kenga
boulala, bulala, mage, ma
Chad (Chari-Baguirmi; Batha)
mudogo, medogo, midogo, modogo, mud ⊕Ati-SW.
Chad (Batha)
Hadjeray ⊕Bitkine environs Εmales bilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Shuwa)
#hadjeray in [12] 'Arabiyya =«mountain-folk»
Chad (Guéra)
tar-cenge
tar-binama
tar-bolongo
tar-murba
tar-jaie
Disa
disa
Ngambai+ Majingai
cenge, tar-cene, cenga, kenge, kenga, kenya, bokiyo
Chad (Guéra)
binama
Chad (Guéra)
bolongo
Chad (Guéra)
murba
Chad (Guéra)
jaie, jaye, djaya ⊕Djaya
Chad (Guéra)
03-AAA-a
03-AAA-bc
03-AAA-c
03-AAA-ca
03-AAA-cb
03-AAA-cc
03-AAA-cd
03-AAA-ce
03-AAA-d
03-AAA-da
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
⊕Iro-NW.lake
(Moyen-Chari)
majingai+ ngam; part of sara
Chad; Cameroon; Central African
Rep. Υ
murum
ngambai
sara-murum, mouroum
Chad (Tandjilé)
ngambay, gambai, sara, sara-ngambai, gamba, gambaye, gamblai,
sara-gambai
Chad (Tandjilé; Logone
Occidental; Logone Oriental);
Cameroon adjacent
dagba-goré
mbai-doba
daba ⊕Goré>NE.
Chad (Logone Oriental)
03-AAA-ed
mbay-doba ⊕Doba
Chad (Logone Oriental; Tandjilé)
03-AAA-eda
mango
⊕Mango
(Logone Oriental; Tandjilé)
03-AAA-edb
mbai-koro
koro ⊕Koro
(Logone Oriental)
03-AAA-ee
mbai-gor
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
03-AAA-ef
gor
laka
lak, lag, kabba-laka
Chad (Logone Oriental);
Cameroon (Nord); Central African
Rep. (Ouham-Pendé)
03-AAA-efa
laka-baïbokoum
⊕Baïbokoum>W.
(Logone Oriental)
03-AAA-efb
laka-W.
03-AAA-efc
laka-SE.
03-AAA-eg
mbai
mbay, moissala-mbai, mbay-moissala, sara-mbai, bai ⊕Moissala
environs
Chad (Moyen-Chari); Cameroon;
Central African Rep.
03-AAA-eh
mbai-kan
dagba-batangafo
majingai
kan, mbai-ka
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
daba 2 ⊕Batangafo
Central African Rep. (Ouham)
majingay, madja-ngai, moggingain, madjingaye, sara-madjingay, saramajingai, sara, ta-sar, sar ⊕Sarh...
Chad (Moyen-Chari); Central
African Rep.
03-AAA-e
03-AAA-ea
03-AAA-eb
03-AAA-ec
03-AAA-ei
03-AAA-ej
03-AAA-ek
03-AAA-el
03-AAA-em
03-AAA-en
nar
no
peni
bejondo
1
4
4
3*
5
5
4
(Nord)
(Ouham-Pendé)
5
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
sara-no
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
pen ⊕Peni
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
mbai-bejondo, mbay-bediondo, mbay-bejondo
Chad (Moyen-Chari; Logone
Oriental)
4
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
03-AAA-eo
gulai
gulei, gulay, sara-gulay, in [51] Français: goulei, goulay, goulaye
Chad (Tandjilé; Moyen-Chari)
03-AAA-eoa
lai
⊕Lai
(Tandjilé; Moyen-Chari)
03-AAA-eob
koumra
⊕Koumra
(Tandjilé; Moyen-Chari)
03-AAA-eoc
sahr
⊕Sahr
(Tandjilé; Moyen-Chari)
03-AAA-ep
gula-W.
ngam
sara-gula, sara-goula ⊕Iro-NW.lake distinct from [03] Gula-E.
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
ngama, sara-ngama, sar-ngam ⊕Ngam
Chad (Moyen-Chari); Central
African Rep.
03-AAA-eq
page 51
4
4
sara-kaba; part of sara
Chad; Central African Rep. Υ
4
03-AAA-fa
gama
Kaba
tar-kaba
kaba-W., kabba
Chad (Logone Oriental); also
Central African Rep. (Ouham);
4
03-AAA-faa
kaba-pawa
kabba-paoua ⊕Paoua
(Logone Oriental)
03-AAA-fab
kaba-baïbokum
kabba-baïbokoum ⊕Baïbokoum>W.
(Logone Oriental)
03-AAA-fb
dunjo
kaba-dunjo, sara-dunjo
Central African Rep. (Ouham)
03-AAA-fba
kuki
kouki ⊕Kouki
(Ouham)
03-AAA-fbb
markunda
markounda, marcounda ⊕Marcounda… Chad frontier
(Ouham)
03-AAA-fc
deme, ndemi, ndim, kaba-demi, kaba-dem, kaba-'dem ⊕Demi
Chad (Moyen Chari)
siime, kaba-sime
Chad (Moyen Chari)
⊕Mara
Chad (Moyen Chari)
03-AAA-g
demi
sime
mara
kuruwer
bumayga
boho
jaha
ndoko
kulfa
male
kurumi
soko
na
dana
banga
tye
jinge
joko
hor
Vale
03-AAA-ga
ruto
rito, luto, routo, louto
Chad (Moyen-Chari); Central
African Rep. (Ouham)
03-AAA-gb
vale "proper"
Central African Rep. (Ouham)
daba 3 ⊕Dagba
Central African Rep. (Ouham)
ndouka
Central African Rep. (Ouham)
tane
Central African Rep. (Ouham)
03-AAB-a
vale-A.
vale-dagba
nduka
tana
tele
YULU+ BINGA net
Yulu+ Binga
03-AAB-aa
gula-E.
yamegi-NW., goula-E., in [51] Français: goula de Mamoun ⊕Mamoun
distinct from [03] Gula-W.
Central African Rep. (Vakaga)
03-AAB-ab
kara
yamegi-SE. ⊕Kafia-Kingi
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
03-AAB-aba
nguru
kuro
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
03-AAB-abb
bubu
koyo
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
03-AAB-ac
yulu
youlou
Sudan (Dar-Fur; Bahr-el-Ghazal);
Central African Rep. (Haute-Kotto;
Vakaga)
3
03-AAB-aca
yulu-W.
⊕Voulou…
(Haute-Kotto; Vakaga)
3
03-AAB-acb
yulu-E.
⊕between Sa'id Bundas… Raga
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
03-AAB-ad
binga
03-AAB-ada
binga-N.
03-AAB-adb
binga-S.
03-AAB-ae
furu
03-AAA-er
03-AAA-f
03-AAA-fd
03-AAA-fe
03-AAA-ff
03-AAA-fg
03-AAA-fh
03-AAA-fi
03-AAA-fj
03-AAA-fk
03-AAA-fl
03-AAA-fm
03-AAA-fn
03-AAA-fo
03-AAA-fp
03-AAA-fq
03-AAA-fr
03-AAA-fs
03-AAA-ft
03-AAA-fu
03-AAA-gc
03-AAA-gd
03-AAA-ge
03-AAA-gf
03-AAB
Chad (Tandjilé)
4
4
Chad (Moyen Chari)
kaba-bumayga
Chad (Moyen Chari)
kaba-boho
Chad (Moyen Chari)
kaba-jaha
Chad (Moyen Chari)
kaba-ndoko
Chad (Moyen Chari)
Chad (Moyen Chari)
⊕Male
Chad (Moyen Chari)
kaba-kurumi, so, kaba-so
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
suka, souka, kaba-souka ⊕Iro-S. lake
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
kaba-na, kaba-nar, kaba-naa ⊕Kyabé>N.
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
kaba-dana ⊕Kyabé>N.
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
mbanga, kaba-mbanga
Chad (Moyen-Chari; also Salamat)
tié, kaba-tié, tiyé
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
dendje, dindje, dunje, kaba-dunje, dinje, denje
Chad (Moyen-Chari)
ndioko, kaba-joko ⊕Njoko
Central African Rep.
horo
Central African Rep.
Chad (Moyen-Chari); Central
African Rep. (Ouham) Υ
4
3
4
Central African Rep. (Ouham)
yamegi+ binga
Central African Rep.; Sudan;
Congo/Zaire (Equateur) Υ
4
Sudan (Darfur; Bahr-el-Ghazal);
Central African Rep. (Vakaga)
3
⊕Habbaniya district
(Darfur); Vakaga)
3
⊕Raga>W.
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
⊕Bosobolo>E.
Congo/Zaire (Equateur)
4
page 52
03-AAC
The Linguasphere Register
SHAMYAN+ GELE
net
Shamyan
taar-shamyan
Gele
gele
1999 / 2000 edition
Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Darfur) Υ
3
shamyan, shemya, shamya, zimirra, symiar-ta, sinyar, sinya
(Ouaddaï); (Darfur)
3
⊕Dar Fongoro highlands: Mongororo>S.
Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Darfur) Υ
1*
fongoro, kole, formona ¶spoken by community of hunter-gatherers,
perhaps extinct
Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Darfur)
1
03-ABA-a
BAKA+ BONGO
chain
BAKA net
Baka
⊕Baka... Bagbele
Sudan (Equatoria); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zaïre) Υ
4
03-ABA-aa
tara-baaka
baka, m-baka
Sudan (Equatoria); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zaïre)
4
03-ABB
bungu, dor ¶spoken by scattered communities of hunters
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal; Equatoria)
3
03-ABB-aa
BONGO net
Bongo
bongo-A.
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal; also
Equatoria)
3
03-ABB-aaa
busere-bongo
⊕Wau>S.: Busseri water-course
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
03-ABB-aab
tonj-bongo
⊕Tonj>S.: Ibba, Tonj valley
(Bahr-el-Ghazal; also Equatoria)
03-ABB-ab
03-ACA-a
bungo
MODO+
MOROKODO chain
MODO+ MOLO net
Modo
03-ACA-aa
03-ACA-aaa
03-AAC-a
03-AAC-aa
03-AAC-b
03-AAC-ba
03-AB
03-ABA
03-ABB-a
03-AC
03-ACA
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
Sudan (Equatoria; also Bahr-elGhazal)
4
jur-modo
Sudan (Equatoria)
4
modo-lali
(Equatoria)
03-ACA-aab
modo-kirim
(Equatoria)
03-ACA-ab
lori
wira
mittu
Nyamusa+ Molo
nyamusa
molo
MO'DA net
Mo'da
mo'da
MOROKODO net
Morokodo
morokodo-A.
biti
mädu
BELI chain
BELI net
Jur-Beli
wulu
bahri-girinti
sopi
KPARA+ ORLO
chain
KPARA+ ORLO net
Kpara
Sudan (Equatoria)
03-ACA-ac
03-ACA-ad
03-ACA-b
03-ACA-ba
03-ACA-bb
03-ACB
03-ACB-a
03-ACB-aa
03-ACC
03-ACC-a
03-ACC-aa
03-ACC-ab
03-ACC-ac
03-AD
03-ADA
03-ADA-a
03-ADA-aa
03-ADA-ab
03-ADA-ac
03-AE
03-AEA
03-AEA-a
03-AEA-aa
03-AEA-ab
03-AEA-ac
03-AEA-ad
03-AEA-ae
03-AEA-af
03-AEA-ag
03-AEA-b
03-AEA-ba
dongo
naka
gbaya-ngbongbo
gbaya-ndogo
gbaya-gboko
gbaya-dara
aja
Orlo
orlo
⊕Mvolo... Era, Na'am+ Olo valleys
Sudan (Equatoria)
wetu ¶probably extinct
nyamura
Sudan (Equatoria)
0*
Sudan (Equatoria)
3
Sudan (Equatoria)
3
Sudan (Equatoria)
gberi
⊕Mvolo>NW.
Sudan (Equatoria; Bahr-el-Ghazal)
2
moda, muda, gberi, gweri, gbara, beri, veri
Sudan (Equatoria; Bahr-el-Ghazal)
2
⊕between Amadi... Maridi
Sudan (Equatoria)
3
ma'di, kodo
Sudan (Equatoria)
3
Sudan (Equatoria)
2
mä'du
Sudan (Equatoria)
beli, beili, behli, 'beli
Sudan (Equatoria; Bahr-el-Ghazal)
⊕Wulu...
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
⊕Bahri-Girinti... Nyiropo lake
Sudan (Equatoria; Bahr-el-Ghazal)
supi
Sudan
3
KRESH
kresh "proper", kpala, kparla, kapala, kresh, kreish, kreich, kredj
⊕Kuru... Deim Zubeir... Raga... Angbanga... Kata... Menangba...
Boro... Kafia Kingi...
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal; Dar-Fur);
also Central African Rep. (HauteKotto) Υ
⊕Hobbinya district
Sudan (Dar-Fur)
kresh-boro
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
ngbongbo, 'hofra', 'kresh-hofra', 'kpala-hofra'
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
ndogo, kresh-ndogo, kresh-dogo
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
4
4
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
kresh-S.
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
4
woro, oro, ori
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
4
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 53
Latin script
03-BAA-aa
MANGBETU+ MORU
set
MANGBETU+ MORU
chain
MORU+ URULEBA
net
Moru+ Andri
kala-moru
03-BAA-aaa
miza
moru-miza
(Equatoria)
03-BAA-aab
kala-kädiro-si
kädiro, kediro, kediru, kadiru, kedero ⊕Amadi>E.
(Equatoria)
03-BAA-aac
kadiro-E.
'maku'ba' ⊕Tapari valley: Tindalu>S.
(Equatoria)
03-BAA-aad
laka-madi
laka-ma'di
(Equatoria)
03-BAA-ab
ändri, moro-ändri
Sudan (Equatoria)
'bäli'bä, boliba, balimba
Sudan (Equatoria)
ägi
Sudan (Equatoria)
3
wa'di-ti, wa'di, moru-wa'di, moru-wadi ⊕Maridi>N.
Sudan (Equatoria)
2
03-BAA-b
andri
bälibä
kala-ägi
wadi-ti
Avokaya+ Odzila
"wider" avukaya
Sudan (Equatoria); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zaïre) Υ
4
03-BAA-ba
avokaya
avukaya "proper", "pure" avukaya, abukeia
Sudan (Equatoria); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zaïre)
4
03-BAA-bb
odzila-ti
odzila-wa, odzili, odzili-wa, ojila ⊕Era, Na'am+ Olo valleys
Sudan (Equatoria); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zaïre)
3
03-BAA-bc
ajiga-ti
äjigä-ti, äjigä, ädzigä-ti, ojigä, ajigu, ajugu, aga-moru ⊕between Yei...
Maridi
Sudan (Equatoria)
3
03-BAA-c
Logo+ Bäri
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre); formerly
Sudan (Equatoria) former Υ
5
03-BAA-ca
logo-ti
logo-kuli ⊕Faradje environs
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre); formerly
Sudan (Equatoria)
5
03-BAA-caa
oga-muru
ogambi-N., logo-N.
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAA-cab
lolya
logo-C.
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAA-cac
tabulaga
⊕Obi valley
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAA-cad
tabuloba
⊕Obi valley
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAA-cae
obi-lebha
obe-lebha, obi-leba
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAA-caf
bhagira
03-BAA-cag
doka
03-BAA-cah
ogambi
ogambi-N.
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAA-cb
bari-logo, bari-W. ⊕Watsa>N.
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
1
Sudan (Equatoria); Congo/Zaire Υ
4
03-BAA-da
bäri-ti
Kaliko+ Dida
dida+ dogo
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
3
03-BAA-daa
didi
03-BAA-dab
dogo
03-BAA-db
kaliko
03-BAA-dba
kaliko-W.
03-BAA-dbb
kaliko-E.
03-BAA-e
Aringa-Lugbara, 'low' lugbara ⊕Albert lake>N.
Uganda (West Nile)
kulu-'ba community ⊕Aringa-N. county classification to be confirmed
Uganda (West Nile)
03-BAA-eb
Andreleba+ Kulu
kulu-ti
andre-leba-ti
andre, leba, part of lugbara-ti, logbara, logbware, lugware
Uganda (West Nile)
03-BAA-eba
andre-leba-N.
⊕Aringa-S. county… Terego-N. county… Madi-S. sub-district
(West Nile)
03-BAA-ebb
andre-leba-S.
⊕Terego-S. county… (part) Vura+ Madi counties… Aivu county: Riki
(West Nile)
03-BAA-f
Uruleba
Arua-Lugbara, 'high' lugbara, uru-leba-ti, uru-le-ti, uru, terego-lugbara,
part of lugbara-ti, logbara, logbware, lugware ⊕Arua... Aru...
Uganda (West Nile); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zaïre) Υ
5
03-BAA-fa
vura+ aluru
Uganda (West Nile); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zaïre)
5
03-BAA-faa
vura+ opia
⊕Vura… Opia, Opika… Logiri counties
(West Nile)
03-BAA-fab
otsho
otso ⊕Otso
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAA-fac
aluru
alur 2 ⊕Aluru distinct from neighbouring [04] Aluur
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAA-fb
⊕Aivu county: Pajulu+ Oluku+ Yaule+ Aroi… Maraca county: Kijomeru
Uganda (West Nile)
03-BAA-fc
padzulu
nyo
nio, nyio ⊕Aivu county: Nyio+ Mbaraka+ Adumi… Nio+ Lu
Uganda (West Nile); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAA-fd
zaki+ maratsa
03-BAA-fda
maratsa
maraca ⊕Maraca county
(West Nile)
03-BAA-fdb
zaki
lui, lu ⊕Aholo-Zaki
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAA-fdc
abedju+ azaki
03-BAA-fe
oka
Okollo
okollo
03-B
03-BA
03-BAA
03-BAA-a
03-BAA-ac
03-BAA-ad
03-BAA-ae
03-BAA-d
03-BAA-ea
03-BAA-g
03-BAA-ga
⊕Mundri district
Sudan (Equatoria)
4
Sudan (Equatoria)
4
3
(Haut-Zaïre)
(Haut-Zaïre)
kaliko-ma'di, keliko-madi, madi-NW., part of ma'di-ti, ma'di, madi-ti,
madi ⊕Aru environs
(Haut-Zaïre)
(Haut-Zaïre)
käliko, kaliko ⊕Yei>S.
Congo/Zaire (Equatoria)
3
(Equatoria)
(Equatoria)
5
5
Uganda (West Nile); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zaïre)
(Haut-Zaïre)
(Haut-Zaïre)
part of ma'di-ti, ma'di, madi-ti, madi
Uganda (West Nile)
madi-okollo
(West Nile)
4*
page 54
The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition
part of ma'di-ti, ma'di, madi-ti, madi
Uganda (West Nile)
madi-ogoko
(West Nile)
part of ma'di-ti, ma'di, madi-ti, madi
Uganda (West Nile)
madi-moyo
(West Nile)
part of ma'di-ti, ma'di, madi-ti, madi
Uganda (West Nile)
madi-oyuwi
(West Nile)
madi-NE.; part of ma'di-ti, ma'di, madi-ti, madi
Sudan (Equatoria)
madi-lokai ⊕Opari district
(Equatoria)
madi-pandikeri ⊕Opari district
(Equatoria)
madi-'burulo, 'burulo, ⊕Nimule environs
(Equatoria)
part of ma'di-ti, ma'di, madi-ti, madi ⊕Opari district: Luluba hills
Sudan (Equatoria); Uganda Υ
madi-olubo, olobo, luluba, olu'bo, ondoe, lolubo, olubo-go community
(Equatoria); Uganda adjacent
03-BAB-ab
Madi-Ogoko
ogoko
Moyo
moyo
Oyuwi
oyuwi
Lokai+ Pandikeri
lokai
pandikeri
burulo
Olubo
olubo-ti
MANGBETU+
NGBELE net
Mangbetu+ Ngbele
na-mangbetu-ti
na-meje-ti
03-BAB-aba
03-BAB-abb
03-BAA-h
03-BAA-ha
03-BAA-i
03-BAA-ia
03-BAA-j
03-BAA-ja
03-BAA-k
03-BAA-ka
03-BAA-kb
03-BAA-kc
03-BAA-l
03-BAA-la
03-BAB
03-BAB-a
03-BAB-aa
Congo/Zaire; Uganda Υ
4*
4*
4*
4*
4*
5
mangbetu-ti, mangbettu, mambetto, ki-ngbetu; a-mangbetu community
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
meje, meje-ti, meeje, medye, medje, megye; ne-meeje, e-meeje
community ⊕Paulis territoire
Uganda (West Nile)
rungu
⊕Rungu valley
(West Nile)
nala
⊕Nala valley
(West Nile)
03-BAB-abc
tely
⊕Tely valley
(West Nile)
03-BAB-abd
nepoko
⊕Nepoko valley
(West Nile)
03-BAB-ac
makere; a-makere community
Uganda (West Nile)
⊕Uélé valley: Amadi
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
a-ma-popoi community
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
aberu, abulu, aburu, babeyru
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
mabisanga; a-mabisanga community ⊕Niangara territoire
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAB-ah
na-makere-ti
ba-kango
na-ma-popoi-ti
na-aberu-ti
na-mabisanga
ma-ngbele
distinct from [93] ma-Logo (ma-Ngbele) & [99] li-Ngbee (ma-Ngbele)
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAB-aha
watsa
⊕Watsa territoire
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAB-ahb
gombari
⊕Gombari
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAB-ai
na-majuu
odya-lombi-to
majuu, madzuu, maidjuwu; a-majuu community ⊕Paulis territoire
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
lombi, lumbi, rombi, rumbi; odya-lombi, ba-lumbi, ba-rombi, ba-rumbi,
rumli community ⊕Opienge territoire
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
asua, aka; part of ituri "pygmies" ¶scattered community
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-a
asua-ti
MAMVU+
MANGBUTU net
Mamvu+ Efe
03-BAC-aa
amengi
⊕between Tonga mines… Wanga
03-BAC-aaa
muledre
03-BAC-aab
maijiru
moodu
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-ab
tengo
mamvu, mämvu, momvu, momfu, modo ⊕Watsa>SW.
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-aba
karuka+ lendu
⊕Karuka… Lendu chiefdoms
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-abb
mamvu-kebo
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-abc
mari+ minza
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-abd
andobi
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-abe
bari
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-abf
mamvu-karo
03-BAC-abg
ande-gofa
mämvu-SW. ⊕Bomokandi+ Ituri headwaters
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-ac
lese
lesse, lesa, lissi, mbuti; wa-lese, wa-lisi, ba-lese community ⊕Watsa...
Djugu... Irumu... Mambasa districts
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-aca
lese-otsodu
"forest" lese
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-acb
n-dese
dese, lese-dese
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-acc
andali
03-BAC-acd
lese-karo
"mountain" lese
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-ace
obi
vonkutu, vukutu
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-acf
arumbi
"upstream" lese
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-acg
fare
03-BAC-ad
mvu'ba-a
03-BAC-ada
oicha
03-BAC-adb
obi-ye
buamba
Uganda
03-BAC-ae
efe, part of ituri "pygmies" ⊕Watsa... Djugu... Irumu... Mambasa districts
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
4
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
4
03-BAC-ba
efe-e
Mangbutu+ Andinai
mangbutu-li
mangbutu, mombuttu, wambutu, mangu-ngutu ⊕Kibali... Moto valleys
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
4
03-BAC-baa
mongbutu
⊕Aribi
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-bab
mangbutu-karo
"upstream" mangbutu ⊕Kibali upstream
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAB-ad
03-BAB-ae
03-BAB-af
03-BAB-ag
03-BAB-aj
03-BAB-ak
03-BAC
03-BAC-b
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre; Kivu);
also Uganda Υ
5
5
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
(Haut-Zaïre)
4
(Haut-Zaïre)
4
(Haut-Zaïre)
(Haut-Zaïre)
mvu'ba, mbuba, mvuba; ba-mvuba, ba-mbuba community ⊕Oicha…
Congo/Zaire (Kivu); also Uganda
3
(Kivu)
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
03-BAC-bac
mangbutu-lobo
"downstream" mangbutu ⊕Kibali downstream
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-bb
awimeri
angwe
makutana
andinai
bamodo
Ndo
ke'bu-tu
a'imeri, "forest" mangbutu
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
andali clan
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
makutano ⊕Makutano
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAC-bc
03-BAC-bd
03-BAC-be
03-BAC-bf
03-BAC-c
03-BAC-ca
03-BAC-cb
03-BAC-cc
03-BAD
03-BAD-a
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
page 55
3
⊕Bamodo
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
⊕Mahagi... Djalasiga-NW.
Congo/Zaire; also Uganda Υ
5
ke'bu, o-ke'bu, o-kebu, ndo-o-ke'bu, kebu, "blacksmith's" ndo ¶spoken
by blacksmiths' community
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
5
avari-tu
membi
JO+ NDRU net
Jo+ Bale
jo-dha
bale-dha
go-dha
avari, ndo-avari, avare, aviri-tu, avere
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
LENDU, ki-lendu, ba-le-ndru, ba-le, ba-lega, wa-lega
5
lendu-N., ki-lendu-N. ⊕Albert lake>W.+NW.
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
jo, ji, dja, ji-dha, dja-dha, hema-N., ki-hema-N.; ba-hema community
(Haut-Zaïre)
bale, 'bale, bbale, bba, baa, ba, bbale-dha, bba-dha, ba-dha, bale-tha
(Haut-Zaïre)
go, ma-mbisa; ba-mbisa, "lendu-speaking" alur community Χformer
[04] Alur speech community
(Haut-Zaïre)
ta
(Haut-Zaïre)
pi
(Haut-Zaïre)
ke, o-kebu 2, "blacksmith's" lendu ¶spoken by blacksmiths' community
(Haut-Zaïre)
ddra
(Haut-Zaïre)
njaw
(Haut-Zaïre)
"wider" lendu-S.
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
5
03-BAD-ba
ta-dha
pi-dha
ke-dha
ddra-lo
njaw-lo
Ndru+ Bendi
n-dru-na
dru, n-dru, dru-na, lendu-S. ⊕Bunia>S.
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
5
03-BAD-baa
zadu
¶spoken by Chief Zadu's community
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAD-bab
monobi
¶spoken by Chief Monobi's community
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAD-bac
kabona
¶spoken by Chief Kabona's community
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAD-bad
ngiti
ngeti, ki-ngiti, ki-ngeti
(Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAD-bb
ma-bendi
bendi, ma-beni, bindi
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre)
03-BAD-aa
03-BAD-ab
03-BAD-ac
03-BAD-ad
03-BAD-ae
03-BAD-af
03-BAD-ag
03-BAD-ah
03-BAD-b
page 56
04=
The Linguasphere Register
NILOTIC
phylozone
1999 / 2000 edition
covers the "Nilotic" grouping (part of the "East-Sudanic" Congo-Zaire; Kenya; Sudan;
hypothesis within the "Nilo-Saharan" hypothesis); comprising Tanzania; Uganda
3 sets of languages (= 45 outer languages) spoken by
communities in Northeast and East Africa, along or near the
Nile and Rift valleys:
04-A LUO+ NAATH
04-C NANDI+ BARABA
7
04-B TESO+ MAASAI
LUO+ NAATH set
NAATH+ PADANG
chain
PADANG+ BOR net
NILOTIC-WEST Latin script
Padang+ Ngok
padang
jiang-NE., jieng-NE., dinka-NE.
Sudan (Upper Nile)
5
04-AAA-aa
padan; jaang; "white-nile" dinka ⊕White Nile right-bank: Renk, Ar-Rank
downstream
Sudan (Upper Nile)
5
04-AAA-aaa
abialang
abialan, dinka-ibrahim, including akoon… bawom, bowom… giel
⊕Renk, Ar-Rank environs
(Upper Nile)
3
04-AAA-aab
paloc
poloic, including ageer, ager, ageir… abuya… beer… niel, nyel
⊕Melut… Khor Adar
(Upper Nile)
5*
04-AAA-aac
dongjol
"standard" dinka-N., "lower" padang; donjol ⊕Kodok opposite bank
(Upper Nile)
4
04-AAA-ab
ngok-sobat, nok, ngork ⊕Sobat valley
Sudan (Upper Nile)
4
04-AAA-ac
ngok
thoi+ luac
⊕Filus valley
Sudan (Upper Nile)
3
04-AAA-aca
thoi
⊕White Nile+ Filus confluence
(Upper Nile)
2
04-AAA-acb
luac
luaic ⊕Filus lower valley
(Upper Nile)
3
04-AAA-ad
⊕Bahr-el-Zaraf valley
Sudan (Upper Nile)
3
jiang-NW., jieng-NW., dinka-NW.
Sudan (Upper Nile; also Kordofan)
4
04-AAA-ba
rut
Ruweng
ruweng
rueng, ruwen ⊕White Nile+ Bahr-el-Ghazal+ Bahr-el-'Arab left-bank
Sudan (Upper Nile; also Kordofan)
4
04-AAA-baa
pawang
paweng ⊕White Nile left-bank: Atar… No lake
(Upper Nile)
04-AAA-bab
kwil
⊕Bahr-el-Ghazal left-bank: No lake>N.& W.
(Upper Nile)
04-AAA-bac
awet
⊕Bahr-el-Ghazal left-bank: No… Abiad lakes
(Upper Nile)
04-AAA-bad
alor
⊕Bahr-el-Ghazal left-bank: Wang Kai>N.
(Upper Nile)
04-AAA-bae
jok
ngok 2, ngok-kordofan ⊕Bahr-el-'Arab left-bank
(Upper Nile; Kordofan)
04-AAA-baf
pan-aru*
04-AAA-c
jiang-SW., jieng-SW., dinka-SW.
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
5
04-AAA-ca
Malual+ Rek
malual+ tuic
⊕Bahr-el-Arab… Lol valleys
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
4
04-AAA-caa
malual
malwal, including atoktou, atokto… duliit-N., dulit-N., duluit-N.…
korok… akem… peth… makem
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
4
04-AAA-cab
abiem
abiem community, including duliit-S., dulit-S., duluit-S.… ajong-dit,
ajong-thi… akany-jok, akern-jok… apuoth, apwoth, anei… lou
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
4
04-AAA-cac
tuic
twic, twich, twij
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
4
04-AAA-cb
palioupiny
palioping, palyoupiny ⊕Kuru valley
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
4
04-AAA-cba
gomjuer
gomjier
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-cbb
cimel
cemel, chemiel
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-cbc
ajuet
ajwet
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-cbd
akuang-ayat
akwak-ayat
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-cc
rek
raik, dinka-W. ⊕Jur valley
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-cca
rek-C.
rek "proper"
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-ccb
paliet
rek-NW., baliet
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-ccc
luac-W.
luaic-W.
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-ccd
aguok
agwok
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-cce
apuk
04-AAA-ccf
awan
04-AAA-ccg
lau-SW.
lau
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-cch
rek-V.
"vehicular" rek
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-d
Gok+ Aliap
jiang-S., jieng-S., dinka-S.
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal; Upper
Nile; also Equatoria)
04-AAA-da
gok
agar+ ciec
cok, gauk ⊕Tonj valley
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-db
dinka-SW. ⊕Sudd marshes
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal; also Upper
Nile)
04-AAA-dba
agar
"standard" dinka-S.; gar ⊕Sudd-SW. marshes
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAA-dbb
ciec
ciek, cic, chich, kwac, ajak, including ador ⊕Sudd-S. marshes
(Bahr-el-Ghazal; also Upper Nile)
04-A
04-AA
04-AAA
04-AAA-a
04-AAA-b
"Nuer"+ "Dinka"
DINKA, jiang, jieng, thong-jieng, thong-de-jieng, thong-jiang, thong-dejiang ¶disrupted by war and famine in late 20th century
(Upper Nile…)
5*
4
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
5
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 57
04-AAA-dc
aliap
aliab ⊕Gel, Tapari valley upstream to Tali Post
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal; Upper
Nile; Equatoria adjacent)
04-AAA-dca
aker
⊕Gel, Tapari valley upstream to Tali Post
(Bahr-el-Ghazal; Equatoria
adjacent)
04-AAA-dcb
thany
⊕Nile right-bank: Matek environs
(UpperNile; Equatoria adjacent)
04-AAA-e
jiang-SE., jieng-SE., dinka-SE.
Sudan (Upper Nile)
5
04-AAA-ea
Bor+ Nyarueng
bor+ twi
⊕White Nile right-bank distinct from [04] Belanda (Bor)
Sudan (Upper Nile)
5
04-AAA-eaa
bor-gok
bor
(Upper Nile)
4
04-AAA-eab
athoc
bor-athoi, bor-athoic, atoc
(Upper Nile)
4
04-AAA-eac
twi
(Upper Nile)
4
04-AAA-eb
nyarueng+ ghol
⊕Bahr-el-Zaral right-bank
Sudan (Upper Nile)
4
04-AAA-eba
nyarueng
nyarreweng, nyarweng, narreweng
(Upper Nile)
3
04-AAA-ebb
ghol
(Upper Nile)
4
04-AAB
NAATH+ ATUOT net
Naath
"WIDER"-NUER
Nuer, thog-naath, naadh, nuer "proper", abigar, abbigar ¶communities
th
disrupted by war and famine in late 20 century
Sudan (Upper Nile); also Ethiopia
(Ilubabor) Υ
6*
"standard" nuer; thyan, thiäng, tyäng ⊕Zeraf-C. island
Sudan (Upper Nile)
4
gaweir, gawäär
Sudan (Upper Nile)
3*
04-AAB-ac
thiang
gawaar
door+ nyuong
door+ nyuong ⊕Bahr-el-Jebel left-bank
Sudan (Upper Nile)
3
04-AAB-aca
door
dor
(Upper Nile)
04-AAB-acb
nyuong
nyuon
(Upper Nile)
04-AAB-ad
dar-cieng
cieng, cien #cieng=«in the centre» ⊕Bahr-el-Jebel left-bank
Sudan (Upper Nile)
04-AAB-ada
aak
04-AAB-adb
dok
04-AAB-ae
jagai ⊕Jur right-bank
04-AAB-af
jagei
leek+ laak
04-AAB-afa
leek
leegh, leex, leik ⊕Bahr-el-Ghazal+ Bahr-el-Jebel inter-riverine
(Upper Nile)
04-AAB-afb
laak
lak ⊕Bahr-el-Jebel+ Bahr-el-Zeraf inter-riverine
(Upper Nile)
04-AAB-ag
bul
jikany-W.
lou
jikany-E.
⊕Bahr-el-Ghazal left-bank: Yoynyang… Dalbur…
Sudan (Upper Nile)
3*
jikäny, jikain, jekaing ⊕Zeraf-N. island
Sudan (Upper Nile)
4*
nuer-E; lau 2
Sudan (Upper Nile)
4
jikäny-E., jekaing-E., jikain-E.
Sudan (Upper Nile); Ethiopia
(Ilubabor)
5
Cieng
thok-cieng
Atuot ⊕Lau right-bank: Yirol>S. Εbilingual in [04] Jiang-S.
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
4
04-AAB-ba
atuot, atwot; reel community
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
4
04-AAB-baa
apak
afak, apak community
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AAB-bab
aril
aril community
(Bahr-el-Ghazal)
04-AB
COLO+ THURI chain
COLO+ ANYWAA
net
Colo
dho-colo-W.
dho-colo-E.
Anywaa
04-AAB-a
04-AAB-aa
04-AAB-ab
04-AAB-ah
04-AAB-ai
04-AAB-aj
04-AAB-b
04-ABA
04-ABA-a
04-ABA-aa
04-ABA-ab
04-ABA-b
04-ABA-ba
04-ABA-bb
04-ABA-bc
04-ABA-bd
04-ABA-c
04-ABA-ca
04-ABB
04-ABB-a
04-ABB-aa
04-ABB-ab
04-ABB-ac
04-ABB-b
04-ABB-ba
04-ABB-c
04-ABB-ca
adongo
lul
openo
ciro
Pari
lumi-pari
THURI+ LWO net
Thuri
dhe-thuri
dhe-bodho
dhe-colo-S.
Manangeer
manangeer
Lwo
dhe-lwo
3
(Upper Nile)
(Upper Nile)
Sudan (Upper Nile)
3
Sudan (Upper Nile)
4
shilluk+ anywaa
Shilluk, dho-colo, chulla, shulla; nywoli-colo community
Sudan (Upper Nile)
⊕White-Nile left-bank
Sudan (Upper Nile)
colo-sobat ⊕Sobat valley
Sudan (Upper Nile)
dho-anywaa, anuak, anyuaa, anywa, yambo, jambo, yembo, anywak,
anyuak, nuro, bar, burjin, miroy, moojanga, anyuae, anywae ⊕Pibor...
Akobo... Baro… Gilo, Gila valleys
Ethiopia (Ilubabor; Kefa); also
Sudan (Upper Nile) Υ
adono, adoyo
Ethiopia (Ilubabor…)
5
4
Ethiopia (Ilubabor…)
Ethiopia (Ilubabor…)
⊕Ciro
Ethiopia (Kefa)
⊕Lafon mountain
Sudan (Upper Nile)
3
lum-päri, fari, berri, madi-opari, o-pari, lokoro, lokooro, lopol, pari, päri
Sudan (Upper Nile)
3
Εbilingual in [04] Jiang-SW.
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
4*
thuri, shatt-S., jo-thuri, wada-thuri ⊕between Kuru... Kpango rivers
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
bodho, boodho, dembo, demen, dombo ⊕Kpango left-bank
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
jur-shol, jo-colo ⊕Kpango right-bank
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
⊕between Jur... Lol rivers Εbilingual in [04] Jiang-SW.
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
mananeer, jur-manangeer
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
⊕Bisellia... Wau... Tonj Εbilingual in [04] Jiang-SW.
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
3*
3*
4
lwo-N., luo-N., dhe-luo, dhe-luwo, jur-lwo, jur-luo, jur, giur, luwo; jo-lwo
community
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal)
4
page 58
The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition
DHEBOR net
Dhebor*
BELANDA
dhe-bor, belanda, belanda-bor, rodi, de-bor, bor Χinter-marital
relationship with speakers of [93] Viri (Belanda-Viri) distinct from [04]
Bor+ Twi Εbilingual in [93] Viri
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal; Equatoria)
4*
⊕Raffili
Sudan (Bahr-el-Ghazal; Equatoria)
4
⊕Tambura>NW.
Sudan (Equatoria)
4
⊕Bandala>E.
Sudan (Equatoria)
4
04-ACA
dhe-bor-N.
dhe-bor-W.
dhe-bor-E.
LUO+ ACHOLI chain
ALUR net
04-ACA-a
Aluur
⊕Albert lake>N. distinct from neighbouring [03] Aluru
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre); Uganda
(West Nile) Υ
5
04-ACA-aa
dho-aluur
aluur, alur, alulu, lur, aluru, aloro, alua, luri, dho-alur
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre); Uganda
(West Nile)
5
04-ACA-aaa
aluur-A.
jo-aluur, jo-alur community
(Haut-Zaïre); (West Nile)
5*
04-ACA-aab
nam
jo-nam community ⊕White Nile valley: Pakwach… Alur escarpment
(Haut-Zaïre); (West Nile)
5
04-ACA-aac
ma-mbisa
ba-mbisa community ¶extinct; former community now speaks [03]
Lendu-N.(Go-dha) ⊕Kilo environs
(Haut-Zaïre)
0
04-ACA-aad
kot
ju-kot, part of "alur-speaking" wa-hema community ¶spoken by
community formerly speaking [99] Nyanza-C.(o-ro-Hima)
(Haut-Zaïre)
4
04-ACA-aae
nyoro
wa-nyoro, part of "alur-speaking" wa-hema community ¶spoken by
community formerly speaking [99] Nyanza-C.(o-ro-Hima)
(Haut-Zaïre)
4
04-ACB
04-ACB-a
ACHOLI+ KUMAM
net
Acholi+ Lango
acoli+ lango distinct from neighbouring [04] Logiri+ Langgo
5
04-ACB-aa
 acholi+ lango-F.
Sudan (Equatoria); Uganda
(Acholi; Lango; Karamoja) Υ
"standard" acholi+ lango, "standard" acoli+ lango former compromise
standard, now abandoned
Sudan (Equatoria); Uganda
(Acholi)
04-ACB-ab
acholi-A.
acoli, acooli, akoli, atscholi, shuli, jo-gang, lo-gang, gang
Sudan (Equatoria); Uganda
(Acholi)
5
04-ACB-aba
dok-acholi
dok-acoli
(Equatoria)
4
04-ACB-abb
log-acholi
log-acoli, acholi-C.
(Acholi)
5
04-ACB-ac
log-me-labwor
labwor, log-me-labuor, abuor, tobur ⊕Labwor mountains
Uganda (Acholi; Karamoja
adjacent)
04-ACB-ad
dho-pa-lwo
nyakwai
leb-lango
Kumam
kumam
lwo-C., luo-C., dhopaluo, chopi, jafalu, shepalu, shifalu
Uganda (Acholi)
ngi-nyakwai community ⊕Labwor hills>S.
Uganda (Karamoja; Lango)
lango, leb-lano, omiru, lango-miro, lango-uganda
Uganda (Lango; Acholi)
04-ABC
04-ABC-a
04-ABC-aa
04-ABC-ab
04-ABC-ac
04-AC
04-ACB-ae
04-ACB-af
Uganda (Teso)
5
i-kumam-a, kumum, kuman, a-kum, a-kokolemu, lango-i-kokolemu
community ⊕Kwania lake>S.
Uganda (Teso)
5
⊕Victoria lake>N.& NE.
Uganda (Bukedi); Kenya
(Northern; Nyanza); Tanzania
(Mara) Υ
6
dho-p-adhola
dho-luo
p-adhola; budama, ludama, jo-p-adhola community ⊕Tororo environs
Uganda (Bukedi)
5
luo-S., lwo-S., nyife, nife, jo-luo, gaya, "nilotic" kavirondo ⊕Kavirondo
gulf... Mori river
Kenya (Northern; Nyanza);
Tanzania (Mara)
6
MUGHAJA+
MABAAN chain
MUGHAJA+
MABAAN net
Ragreig
ragreig
Mughaja+ Tarak
maiak
mughaja
bogon
tarak
mufwa
Mabaan+ Wadega
BARUN, borun #barun, borun =cover-name used in [12] 'Arabiyya
Sudan (Blue Nile)
3
Sudan (Blue Nile)
3
barun-N., borun-N., burun-N., "hill" burun, including lange, cai
Sudan (Blue Nile); Ethiopia Υ
4
mayah ⊕Jebel Mayah, Jabel Mayyah mountain
Sudan (Blue Nile)
mu-mughadja community, mugaja, mughadja ⊕Jebel Mughaja mountain
Sudan (Blue Nile)
abuldugu, mugo-mborkoina ⊕Jebel Abulduga, Abuldugu mountain
Sudan (Blue Nile)
tarat, boit, mekormuk, kurmuk ⊕Jebel Kurmuk mountain
Sudan (Blue Nile); Ethiopia frontier
mopo ⊕Mufwa
Sudan (Blue Nile)
barun-S., borun-S., burun-S. Χtransition from [04] Barun ⊕Yabus+
Tombak valleys… Khor Daga
Sudan (Blue Nile; Upper Nile); also
Ethiopia (Welega) Υ
⊕Jebel Gerawi mountain
Sudan (Blue Nile)
mun-ulu, ulu ⊕Jebel Ulu mountain
Sudan (Blue Nile)
04-ADA-cc
gerawi
begu
jumjum
berin, olga ⊕Khor Jumjum valley
Sudan (Blue Nile)
04-ADA-cca
tunya
⊕Jebel Tunga, Tunya mountain
(Blue Nile)
04-ADA-ccb
terta
⊕Jebel Terta mountain
(Blue Nile)
04-ADA-cd
wadega
mabaan
⊕Jebel Wadega mountain
Sudan (Blue Nile)
maaban, meban, maban, gura, tungan, barga, tonko ⊕Yabus valley>S.
Sudan (Blue Nile; Upper Nile) );
also Ethiopia (Welega adjacent)
04-ACB-b
04-ACB-ba
04-ACC
04-ACC-a
04-ACC-aa
04-ACC-ab
04-AD
04-ADA
04-ADA-a
04-ADA-aa
04-ADA-b
04-ADA-ba
04-ADA-bb
04-ADA-bc
04-ADA-bd
04-ADA-be
04-ADA-c
04-ADA-ca
04-ADA-cb
04-ADA-ce
LUO net
Luo+ Padhola
⊕Jebel Kashangaro mountains
4
4
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 59
04-B
TESO+ MAASAI set
NILOTIC-EAST, part of "paranilotic", "nilo-hamitic" grouping Latin
script
04-BA
BARI+ KAKWA chain
BARI+ KAKWA net
Mundari
kutuk-na-mundari
Bari+ Pöjulu
BARIC
04-BAA-bb
kutuk-na-bari
nyangbara
04-BAA-bba
nyangbara-NW.
(Equatoria)
04-BAA-bbb
nyangbara-NE.
(Equatoria)
04-BAA-bbc
nyangbara-S.
04-BAA-bc
pöjulu
04-BAA-bca
pöjulu-N.
04-BAA-bcb
pöjulu-C.
04-BAA-bcc
pöjulu-S.
⊕Loka>NW.
(Equatoria)
04-BAA-bcd
pöjulu-SW.
⊕Aba>N.
(Equatoria)+ (Haut-Zaïre) frontier
04-BAA-bce
pöjulu-SE.
"pseudo" madi #spoken by so-called Madi community, distinct from
speakers of [03] Madi languages ⊕Opari environs
(Equatoria)
04-BAA-bd
nyepu
kutuk-na-kuku
nyefu, ngyepu, nyepo, nypho ⊕Kajo-Kaji>NW.
(Equatoria);
3
⊕Kajo-Kaji plateau… Moyo environs
Sudan (Equatoria); Uganda (West
Nile)
4
ligo
Kakwa
liggo, liggi
(Equatoria)
04-BAA-c
04-BAA-ca
kakwa
kwakwak, bari-kakwa, kakua
Sudan (Equatoria); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zaïre); Uganda (West Nile)
5
04-BAA-caa
yei
kakwa-yei ⊕Yei
(Equatoria)
4
04-BAA-cab
aba
kakwa-aba ⊕Aba+ Mahagi
(Haut-Zaïre)
4
04-BAA-cac
yumbe
kakwa-yumbe ⊕Yumbe
(West Nile)
4
04-BB
lokoya
Sudan (Equatoria)
4
04-BBA-aa
LOTUHO+ LOGIRI
chain
KHORIUK+
GHORIUK net
Khoriuk
o-ghutuk-no-khoriuk
ghoriuk-N., khoriuk, koriuk, koriok, xoriuk, lo-koya, lo-koiya, lo-koja, loquia, o-xoriok, koyo; lo-ghoriuk community
Sudan (Equatoria)
4
04-BBA-aaa
o-woi
lo-woi community ⊕Lueh mountain
(Equatoria)
04-BBA-aab
o-irya
ellyria, lo-irya community ⊕Lyria mountain
(Equatoria)
04-BBA-aac
o-bolong
o-bolong-acholi community
(Equatoria)
04-BBA-b
Ghoriuk
netuk-on-o-ghoriuk
04-BAA
04-BAA-a
04-BAA-aa
04-BAA-b
04-BAA-ba
04-BAA-be
04-BAA-bf
4*
⊕Tali... Tindalu>E.
Sudan (Equatoria)
mundari, mondari, mandari, shir, chir, kir
Sudan (Equatoria)
beri; including lui 'freemen' community… dupi 'serf' community…
tomonok fishing/smithing community… kulu'ba community ⊕both sides
White Nile upper valley
Sudan (Equatoria); also
Congo/Zaire (Haut-Zaïre) frontier;
Uganda (West Nile) Υ
5
bari "proper" ⊕White Nile valley: Terakeka... Kajo Kaji escarpment
Sudan (Equatoria)
5
nyangwara, nyanggwara, nyambara ¶spoken by 3 enclaved
communities ⊕Gworo-lorongo hills>N.
Sudan (Equatoria)
3
(Equatoria)
pujulu, pojulu, fadjulu, fajulu, fajelu, pajulu, madi ¶spoken by 5
enclaved communities
Sudan (Equatoria); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zaïre) frontier
4
(Equatoria)
(Equatoria)
Sudan (Equatoria); Congo/Zaire
(Haut-Zaïre); Uganda (West Nile)
5
Υ
04-BBA
04-BBA-a
04-BBA-ba
Sudan (Equatoria)
Sudan (Equatoria)
⊕Torit>N.+E.: Torit plains Lotuho-S. ("Karimojongised" Lotuho) is
classified under [04]Teso+ Turkana
Sudan (Equatoria)
5
5
04-BBB-a
LOTUHO net
Lotuho
04-BBB-aa
o-tuho
tuho, o-tuxo, tuxo, lo-tuko, lo-tuho, la-tuka, lattuka, lo-tuxo, lo-tuka, latuko, la-tooka; o-tuxo' community, o-lo-torit community
Sudan (Equatoria)
04-BBB-ab
lowudo
logotok
LOPIT+ LOMYA net
Lopit+ Lomya
rori-ne-lopit
loudo, lauda ⊕Lowudo
Sudan (Equatoria)
04-BBB
04-BBB-ac
04-BBC
04-BBC-a
Sudan (Equatoria)
lafit
⊕Lafit, Lopit mountains
Sudan (Equatoria)
lopit, loppit, lopi, loprit, lopid, lofit, lafite, lafit, lafiit; lo-lopit community
¶spoken by blacksmith's community
Sudan (Equatoria)
lomia, lomya community
Sudan (Equatoria)
04-BBD-ab
lomya
DONGOTONO+
LORWAMA net
Dongotono+
Lorwama
ibalit-na-dongotono
lorwama
04-BBD-ac
lokathan
04-BBC-aa
04-BBC-ab
04-BBD
04-BBD-a
04-BBD-aa
3*
khoriuk-S., ghoriuk, netuk-on-o-xoriuk, koriok-S., ghoriuk-S.,
"mountain" lotuho
Sudan (Equatoria)
dongotono "proper", dongotolo ⊕Dongotono mountains
Sudan (Equatoria)
lowama ⊕Madial environs ¶including community formerly speaking
[04] Lotuho-S. (Ketebo)*
Sudan (Equatoria)
bira, ketebo
Sudan (Equatoria)
3*
3*
page 60
04-BBE
04-BBE-a
The Linguasphere Register
LOGIRI+ LANGGO
net
Logiri+ Langgo
1999 / 2000 edition
Sudan (Equatoria); Uganda frontier
4
Υ
04-BBE-aa
langgo
lango-sudan, lango-N.
Sudan (Equatoria)
04-BBE-aaa
imatong
⊕Imatong mountains
(Equatoria)
04-BBE-aab
langgo-dongotono
⊕Dongotono-S.mountains
(Equatoria)
04-BBE-ab
logiri+ lolibai
acholi-N., acholi-torit, torit
Sudan (Equatoria)
04-BBE-aba
logiri-dongotono
⊕Dongotono mountains
(Equatoria)
04-BBE-abb
lolibai
⊕Lolibai mountains
(Equatoria); Uganda frontier
04-BBE-ac
logiri-imatong ⊕Imatong hills
Sudan (Equatoria)
04-BCA-a
logir
MAASAI+ NGASA
chain
MAASAI+ SAMPUR
net
Maasai
¶spoken by largely semi-nomadic pastoralist communities ⊕locations
of communities are listed below as recorded at beginning of 20th
century
Kenya (Rift Valley; Central);
Tanzania (Arusha; Morogoro) Υ
5
04-BCA-aa
enkutuk-oo-l-maasai
maasai, masai, maa, il-maasai, il-maasae community, ol-maa linguistic
community
Kenya (Rift Valley; Central);
Tanzania (Arusha; Morogoro)
5
04-BCA-aaa
sirya
siria, i-sirya community
(Rift Valley)
04-BCA-aab
wuasinkishu
il-wwäsin-kishu, l-uasin-gishu, including il-moitanik community ⊕GwasNgishu plateau
(Rift Valley)
04-BCA-aac
maasai-C.
maasai-purko, including il-purko, purko… il-damat, damat… il-keekonyokie, keek-onyokie, il-käk-oonyokyo, naiposha… il-kinoopo,
kinoopo; il-kinangop, kinangop, kinokop communities ⊕Naivasha lake
environs… Kinangopmountain
(Central; Rift Valley); (Arusha)
04-BCA-aad
oytai
l-oitai, il-oytai, oitai, l-oita community ⊕Natron lake>E.
(Rift Valley); (Arusha)
04-BCA-aae
ooddo-kila-ni
il-oodo-kila-ni community ⊕Magadi lake>W.
(Rift Valley)
04-BCA-aaf
kankere
laitokitok, il-dalalekutuk, dalalekutuk community
(Rift Valley)
04-BCA-aag
kore
04-BCA-aah
kaputiei
il-kaputyey, kaputyey community
(Central; Roft Valley); Arusha)
04-BCA-aai
matapato
il-matapato, matapo community
(Rift Valley); Arusha)
04-BCA-aaj
kisongo
il-kisonko, kisonko community
(Arusha); also (Rift Valley)
04-BCA-aak
arusha
l-arusa, il-arusa, arusa community ⊕Arusha environs
(Arusha)
04-BCA-aal
baraguyu
04-BCA-aam
sikirari
i-sikirari, sighirari community ⊕Kilimanjaro mountain>W.
(Arusha); also Rift Valley…)
04-BCA-aan
kwavi
wa-kwavi, wa-kwafi community, "peripheral" maasai community
⊕Handeni… Kilosa districts
(Morogoro)
04-BCA-aao
oigob
el-oikob, l-oikop, l-okop, e-l-okop community, il-lumbwa, "agricultural"
maasai community
(Arusha); also (Rift Valley)
04-BCA-b
Sampur+ Chamus
sampur
¶spoken by nomadic pastioralists
Kenya (Rift Valley)
4
04-BCA-ba
sambur, samburu, il-ooibor-kineji, i-sampur community, 'il-ooibor-kineji',
'burkeneji' (= «community of the white goats»), nkutuk ⊕Nginyang...
Maralal
Kenya (Rift Valley)
4
04-BCA-bb
chamus
i-camus, tyamus, tiamus, njemps, nyamusi, il-chamus community
⊕Baringo lake
Kenya (Rift Valley)
3
04-BCB
ONGAMO
⊕Kilimanjaro east slope
Tanzania (Kilimanjaro)
2
ongamo, shaka ¶nearly extinct Εbilingual in [99] Chaga
(Kilimanjaro)
2
Sudan (Equatoria); Ethiopia (Kefa)
5
04-BDA-ab
NGASA net
Ngasa
ngasa
TESO+ TURKANA
chain
TESO+ TURKANA
net
Toposa+
Nyangatom
jiye-N.
akero-a-toposa
04-BDA-aba
toposa-W.
04-BDA-abb
toposa-E.
04-BDA-ac
aku-tuk-anginyangatom
puma
04-BC
04-BCA
04-BCB-a
04-BCB-aa
04-BD
04-BDA
04-BDA-a
04-BDA-aa
04-BDA-ad
maasai+ ongamo
maa
(Rift Valley)
(Arusha)
Υ
jie distinct from [04] Jiye-S.
Sudan (Equatoria)
toposa, topotha, dabosa, tabosa, taposa, akeroa, akara, kare, khumi,
huma, kum, kumi, abo ⊕Zingietta... Lokalyen valleys
Sudan (Equatoria)
4
(Equatoria)
(Equatoria)
nyangatom, ngiangom; part of dongiro, i-dongiro, donyiro, i-donyiro
community ⊕Kibish valley
Sudan (Equatoria); Ethiopia (Kefa)
buma, bume, bumi; part of dongiro, i-dongiro, donyiro, i-donyiro
community
Ethiopia (Kefa)
3
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 61
04-BDA-b
Turkana
⊕Turkana, Rudolf lake>W.
Kenya (Rift Valley); also Sudan
(Equatoria) Υ
5
04-BDA-ba
nga-turkana
turkana, turkwana, nga-turkwana, ngi-turkwana, na-turkana, ngiturkana community
Kenya (Rift Valley); Ethiopia
(Equatoria adjacent)
5
04-BDA-baa
turkana-N.
(Rift Valley); (Equatoria)
04-BDA-bab
turkana-S.
(Rift Valley)
04-BDA-c
Ketebo+ Pore*
lotuho-S., "karimojongised" lotuho influenced by [04] Karimojong
Uganda (Karamoja); Sudan
(Equatoria) Υ
04-BDA-ca
ketebo
lokathan, bira, biri, including mening ⊕Madial environs… Langia
mountains Χapparently submerged by [04] Dongotono (Lorwama)*
Sudan (Equatoria); Uganda
(Karamoja)
04-BDA-cb
o-rom
na-pore
rom
Sudan (Equatoria)
poren, porei; nga-pore, ni-pori, nyangia-N., nyangeya-N., ngangea-N.,
ngi-angeya-N. community ⊕Nyangea-N. hills distinct from
neighbouring [07] Nyang'i /Pore-S.
Uganda (Karamoja)
2*
Karimojong+
Dodotho
i-dodotho
'lango-dyang' #lango-dyang =«cattle people»
Uganda (Karamoja)
5
dodotho, dudutho, dotho, i-dudutho, nga-dotho, dodos, dodoth, dodosi,
ngi-dudutho community
Uganda (Karamoja)
5
jiye-S.
a-karimojong
ni-jiye, jie-S., ngi-jiye community distinct from [04] Jiye-N.
Uganda (Karamoja)
4
karimojong, karamojong, nga-karimojong, a-karamojong, karamojon,
karimojon, nga-karimonjong, nga-karimojone, ngi-karamojong, ngikarimojong community ⊕Moroto environs
Uganda (Karamoja)
5
04-BDA-cc
04-BDA-d
04-BDA-da
04-BDA-db
04-BDA-dc
3*
Teso+ Tesyo
a-teso
Uganda (Teso; Bukedi); Kenya Υ
6
04-BDA-ea
teso; i-kumama, ba-kedi, ba-kidi, i-teso community
Uganda (Teso)
6
04-BDA-eaa
ngora
"standard" teso ⊕Ngora
(Teso)
5
04-BDA-eab
pallisa
⊕Pallisa
(Teso)
5
04-BDA-eb
tesyo
i-tesio, e-tossio, i-tesyo community, elgumi, wamia
Kenya (Northern); Uganda
(Bukedi)
5
04-BDA-eba
tororo
⊕Tororo
(Bukedi)
5*
04-BDA-ebb
busia
⊕Busia
(Northern)
5
04-C
NILOTIC-SOUTH, part of "paranilotic", "nilo-hamitic" grouping Latin
script
04-CAA-a
NANDI+ BARABA
set
NANDI+ BARABA
chain
NANDI+ POKOT net
Pokot
kalenjin-N.
Uganda (Busigu; Teso; Sebei;
Karamoja); Kenya (Rift Valley) Υ
5
04-CAA-aa
ngal-ap-pökoot
pokot, pökot, pakot, päkot, pokoot, pukoot, pookwut, pokwot; suk,
sukku, ki-mukun ¶spoken by semi-nomadic pastoralists
Uganda (Busigu); Kenya (Rift
Valley)
5
04-CAA-aaa
suk-W.
⊕Kusabiny environs
(Busigu)
04-CAA-aab
suk-E.
⊕Baringo… Pokot districts
(Rift Valley)
04-CAA-ab
kadam, kadama community ⊕Kadama ¶perhaps extinct
Uganda (Teso; Bugisu)
1*
kalenjin-CN., endo+ marakwet ⊕Keris valley
Kenya (Rift Valley)
4
04-CAA-ba
ngi-kadama
Endo+ Marakwet
markwet
marakwet, marakweta, marakuet, markweta, markwet community
Kenya (Rift Valley)
4
04-CAA-baa
markwet-N.
04-CAA-bab
markwet-S.
04-CAA-bb
to, cepleng, chepleng community
04-CAA-c
endo
sambirir
talai
tugen-N.
Sabiny+ Pok
04-CAA-ca
04-CAA-cb
04-BDA-e
04-CA
04-CAA
04-CAA-b
04-CAA-bc
04-CAA-bd
04-CAA-be
04-CAA-cc
04-CAA-cd
04-CAA-ce
04-CAA-cf
"WIDER"-KALENJIN
(Rift Valley)
(Rift Valley)
Kenya (Rift Valley)
4
Kenya (Rift Valley)
⊕Talai
Kenya (Rift Valley)
tuxen-N., tuken-N., kamasia-N., kamasya-N.; tughen-ek-N. community
Kenya (Rift Valley)
sabaot, sabaut, kalenjin-W., elgon maasai ⊕Elgon mountain
Uganda (Bukedi); Kenya
(Northern) Υ
5
ku-p-sabiny
sabiny, kutet-ap-sabiny, sapiny, saviny, sebei, sapei, savei, kamecak
community
Uganda (Bukedi); Kenya
(Northern)
4
mbai
ki-p-sorai
pok
nga-lek-ap-l-kony
ngoma
sabiny-mbai
Uganda (Bukedi)
sorai, sor, sore, ki-p-sorai-k community
Uganda (Bukedi)
bok, lako, lago, ba-gwet, ba-gwe-k community ⊕South Elgon location
Kenya (Northern)
4
kony, elgon maasai, konj-ek community
Kenya (Northern)
4
ng'oma, o-ng'om, bo-ng'om-ek, po-ng'om
Kenya (Northern)
2
page 62
The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition
6
Nandi+ Kipsigis
 'union'-kalenjin
Kalenjin-"Proper" ⊕Eldoret>W.... Kericho>S.
Kenya (Rift Valley)
04-CAA-da
"standard" kalenjin, "union" nandi+ kipsigis, kalenjin-C. former
compromise standard
Kenya (Rift Valley)
04-CAA-db
kalenjin-tugen
tugen-S., tuxen-S., tuken-S., kamasia-S., kamasya-S.; tughen-ek-S.
community
Kenya (Rift Valley)
04-CAA-dc
keyyo
ngalek-ap-naandi
keiyo, keyo, keyu, el-keyo, el-geyo, keyyek community
Kenya (Rift Valley)
5
04-CAA-dd
naandi, nandi, chemual, cemual, cemuel, cemwal, chemng'al; nandi-ek
community
Kenya (Rift Valley)
5
04-CAA-dda
nandi-A.
⊕Nandi escarpment
(Rift Valley)
04-CAA-ddb
kapsabet
⊕Kapsabet
(Rift Valley)
04-CAA-de
nyang'ori, nyangnori, terig, terigh-ek community
Kenya (Rift Valley)
3
kipsigis, kipsighis, kipsiki, kipsikis, kipsikiis, 'lumbwa'
Kenya (Rift Valley)
5
⊕Cherangany hills
Kenya (Rift Valley)
04-CAA-e
terik
ngalek-ap-kipsigiis
cherangany
Aramanik+ Sogoo
Okiek, kalenjin-E.; dorobo-kalenjin, part of 'dorobo', 'n-dorobo', aghi,
aki, oki, akiek, oki-ek people ⊕Mau-E. escarpment ¶nearly extinct,
spoken by individuals within small communities of hunter-gatherers
Εbilingual in [04] Maasai or [04] Nandi
Kenya (Rift Valley); Tanzania
(Arusha) Υ
04-CAA-ea
sogoo
kipchorng'onik ⊕Mau-S. forest: between Amala, Mara... Guaso-Ng'iro
rivers
Kenya (Rift Valley)
04-CAA-eb
suiei*
mosiro
l-aramanik
kisankasa
mediak
OMOTIK net
Omotik
omotik
BARABA+
DARAGWA net
Baraba+ Daragwa
04-CAA-d
04-CAA-df
04-CAA-dg
04-CAA-ec
04-CAA-ed
04-CAA-ee
04-CAA-ef
04-CAB
2*
Kenya (Rift Valley)
⊕Mosiro
Kenya (Rift Valley)
aramanik
Tanzania (Arusha)
Tanzania (Arusha)
Tanzania (Arusha)
sawaska
⊕Narok district: Lolgorien... Lemek... Entasekera
Kenya (Rift Valley)
1
laamoot, l'amoot, part of 'dorobo', 'n-dorobo' ¶nearly extinct
Kenya (Rift Valley)
1
datog, datooga, tatog, tatoga, daturu, 'ole-mangati', 'mangati', in [99]
Sukuma: taturu #in [04] Maasai: (ole-)mangati =«enemies»
⊕Singida… Mbulu…
Tanzania (Singida; Arusha;
Mwanza)
5
kangara
buraa-diiga
rooti-gaanga
⊕Ukerewe island
Tanzania (Mwanza)
bura-dik, bura-diga, part of datog-W.
Tanzania (Singida)
roti-genk, rooti-geenk, roti-genga, ruta-geink, rota-geink, part of datogW.
Tanzania (Singida)
2
bianjit, utatu; part of datog-W.
Tanzania (Singida)
3
darora-jek, dora-jek
Tanzania (Singida and/or Arusha)
bajuta, bayuta, bayuda, part of datog-E.
Tanzania (Arusha)
gisam-jank, gisama-jenk, kisama-jeng, gisam-jang, part of datog-E.
Tanzania (Arusha)
3
04-CAC-ah
bian-jida
darora-jega
bajut
gisam-janga
baraba-yiiga
barba, barabaig, barbaig, barabaiga, barba-ik; part of datog-E.
⊕Hanang highlands
Tanzania (Arusha)
4
04-CAC-ai
tsima-jeega
isimi-jeega, isim-jeg, isim-jega, iseima-jek, simi-tyek, sima-jek, simdjedga, wanon-ega
Tanzania (Singida and/or Arusha)
2
04-CAC-aj
daragwa-jega
reimo-jik
manga-tiga
ghumbi-ega
bisi-yeda
gidang'o-diga
salawa-jega
daragwa-jek, part of "bantuised" datog influenced by [99] Bantu
Tanzania (Singida and/or Arusha)
reimo, part of "bantuised" datog influenced by [99] Bantu
Tanzania (Singida and/or Arusha)
manga-t'k, part of "bantuised" datog influenced by [99] Bantu
Tanzania (Singida and/or Arusha)
ghumbi-ek, part of "bantuised" datog influenced by [99] Bantu
Tanzania (Singida and/or Arusha)
bisi-yed
Tanzania (Singida and/or Arusha)
gidango
Tanzania (Singida and/or Arusha)
salawa
Tanzania (Singida and/or Arusha)
04-CAB-a
04-CAB-aa
04-CAC
04-CAC-a
04-CAC-aa
04-CAC-ab
04-CAC-ac
04-CAC-ad
04-CAC-ae
04-CAC-af
04-CAC-ag
04-CAC-ak
04-CAC-al
04-CAC-am
04-CAC-an
04-CAC-ao
04-CAC-ap
DATOG
4= EURASIA geosector
05=
EAST-SAHEL
geozone
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 63
covers the "East-Sahel" reference area (part of the "Nilo- Central African Republic; Chad;
Saharan" hypothesis); comprising 16 sets of languages (= 57 Egypt; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Sudan
outer languages) spoken by communities in northern Central
& Northeast Africa, near the Saharan fringes:
05-A MABA+ MIGE
05-C FOR+ ANDANG
05-E SAARONG+ LIGURI
05-G AMA+ AFITTI
05-I KUFO+ AIGANG
05-K BARKA+ ILIT
05-M AKA+ GAAM
05-O KWAMA+ ANEJ
6
05-B MIMI
05-D TAMA+ MARARIT
05-F NOBIIN+ TIDNAAL
05-H RONGE+ JIRRU
05-J HIGIR+ MOGAREB
05-L BAXA*
05-N BERTHU+ GOBATO
05-P SURI+ MAJANG
'maban' Latin script
05-AAA-aa
MABA+ MIGE set
MABA+ MIGE* chain
MABA+ RUNGA net
Maba+ Keshmere
bura-maba-ng
maba, mabangi, maban, mabak, bura-mabang, bora-mabang, kanamabang, bourgu, borgu, borgotke; maba-a community, wadai, in [51]
Français: ouaddaïen, waddayen ⊕Abéché… Am-Dam
Chad (Ouaddaï); also Sudan (DarFur)
05-AAA-aaa
ndaba
ma-ndaba, ma-daba community
(Ouaddaï)
05-AAA-aab
ndala
ma-ndala, ma-dala community
(Ouaddaï)
05-AAA-aac
langa
ma-langa community
(Ouaddaï)
05-AAA-aad
kajangan
kajanga
(Ouaddaï)
05-AAA-aae
nyabadan
05-AAA-aaf
kelingan
05-AAA-aag
abkar
⊕Abakar
(Ouaddaï)
05-AAA-ab
kodoi
uled-jemaa
kujinga
kondongo
keshmere
in [51] Français: kodoï
Chad (Ouaddaï)
uled-jemma, aulad-djema, uled-djemaa, awlad-djema community
Chad (Ouaddaï)
kujinga community ⊕Oum-Hadjer
Chad (Ouaddaï)
⊕Abéché>NE.
Chad (Ouaddaï)
kaschemere, kashmere community, in [51] Français: kachmere,
kechmere
Chad (Ouaddaï)
abu-sharin community, in [51] Français: abu-charin
Chad (Ouaddaï)
Chad (Ouaddaï)
5
05-AAA-ba
ab-sharin
Marfa
marfa
marba, marfa community
Chad (Ouaddaï)
5
05-AAA-baa
marfa-A.
marfa "proper"
(Ouaddaï)
05-AAA-bab
surbakhal
masalit-E., masalit-surbakhal, surbakal ⊕Surbakal
(Ouaddaï)
05-AAA-c
⊕Am-Dam>N.
Chad (Ouaddaï)
karanga "proper"; karanga, kurunga community
(Ouaddaï)
moyo, mooyo community
(Ouaddaï)
fala, bakka 2, faala community
(Ouaddaï)
baxa, bakhat, bakka community
(Ouaddaï)
05-AAA-d
Karanga+ Bakha
karanga-A.
mooyo
faala
bakha
konyare
Masala
05-AAA-da
kaana-masala
05-AAA-daa
05-AAA-dab
05-A
05-AA
05-AAA
05-AAA-a
05-AAA-ac
05-AAA-ad
05-AAA-ae
05-AAA-af
05-AAA-ag
05-AAA-b
05-AAA-ca
05-AAA-cb
05-AAA-cc
05-AAA-cd
05-AAA-ce
Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan Υ
5
(Ouaddaï)
(Ouaddaï)
4
(Ouaddaï)
Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur;
Kassala) Υ
5
masalit, massaalit, massaalit-ali, masaraa, massalit, massalat
community, including jwisinge, jwisince
Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur;
migration> Kassala)
5
masala-N.
⊕Dar-Masalit.
(Dar-Fur)
masala-W.
⊕Gereda>NE.
(Ouaddaï)
05-AAA-dac
masala-S.
⊕Nyala
(Dar-Fur)
05-AAA-e
Runga+ Aykin
⊕Dar-Rounga region
Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur);
Central African Rep. (BaminguiBangoran; Vakaga; Haute-Kotto) Υ
05-AAA-ea
runga-A.
runga "proper"; rounga, roungo, runga community ⊕Dar-Rounga
region
Chad (Ouaddaï); (Dar-Fur);
(Vakaga; Bamingui-Bangoran;
Haute-Kotto)
05-AAA-eb
aykin-dang
runga-ndele
aiki, ayki
Chad (Ouaddaï)
⊕Ndélé
Central African Rep. (BaminguiBangoran)
Kibeet
muro
dagel
kaben-tang
⊕Goz-Beïda>W.
Chad (Salamat; Ouaddaï)
4
murru, mourro
Chad
3
daggal, dogel
Chad
3
kaben, kibeet "proper", kibet, kibeit
Chad
4
05-AAA-ec
05-AAA-f
05-AAA-fa
05-AAA-fb
05-AAA-fc
4
page 64
05-AAB
05-AAB-a
05-AAB-aa
The Linguasphere Register
MIGE* net
Mige
mige
⊕Oum Hadjer district
Chad (Batha)
4
miki, maku, manyang, 'rataning' #rataning, from [12] 'Arabiyya =«those
who speak strange language»
Chad (Batha)
4
MIMI* set
MIMI chain
MIMI net
Mimi
mimi
mimi Latin script
"WIDER"-FUR Arabic script; Latin script
05-CAA-a
FOR+ ANDANG set
FOR+ ANDANG
chain
FOR net
For
05-CAA-aa
bele-for
05-CAB
05-CAB-a
ANDANG* net
Andang
05-CAB-aa
05-B
05-BA
05-BAA
1999 / 2000 edition
ι
ι
ι
formerly Chad (Ouaddaï)
0
Chad (Ouaddaï)
0
fur
Sudan (Dar Fur, also Kassala);
Chad (Ouaddaï) Υ
5
for, fur, four, forta, forok, konjara, kondjara, kungara, yerge, onage,
korra, kadirgi, kurka, dala, lali; for-a, fur-akang community, for-dunga,
for-dungo person; in [12] 'Arabiyya: furawi ⊕Dar-Fur country
Sudan (Dar-Fur; migration>
Kassala); Chad (Ouaddaï)
5
⊕Biltine>N.
Chad (Ouaddaï); also Sudan (DarFur) Υ
4
simi-andang-ti
andang, andang-ti, amdang, mime, mimi 2, "Jungraithmayr's" mimi,
biltine, in [51] Français: mimi de Biltine ⊕Biltine… Abéché-S. districts
#andang = «people»
Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur)
4
05-CAB-aaa
mimi-goz
"plains" mimi
(Ouaddaï)…
05-CAB-aab
mimi-bel
"hill" mimi
(Ouaddaï)…
05-D
TAMO+ MARARIT
set
TAMO+ MARARIT
chain
TAMO+ SONGOR
net
Tamo+ Songor
part of east-sudanic hypothesis Latin script
05-BAA-a
05-BAA-aa
05-C
05-CA
05-CAA
05-DA
05-DAA
05-DAA-a
"lost" mimi, "Gaudefroy-Demboyne's" mimi ¶extinct; former community
now speaks [12] 'Arabiyya (Baggari)
Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur)
Υ
4
tamo-ngo'bo
jabaal
tama, tamo-k community; tamo-t person ⊕Dar-Tama-N. region
Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur)
4
05-DAA-ab
jebel, missirii, milri, bororit, mun, mul; mileere community
⊕Geneina>N.: Jebel Mun mountain ⊕Abéché>N.
Sudan (Dar-Fur); Chad (Ouaddaï)
3
05-DAA-ac
haura
orra, gimr, qimr ⊕Maku ¶presumed extinct Χsubmerged by [12]
'Arabiyya (Baggari)
Sudan (Dar-Fur)
0*
05-DAA-ad
shale
a-songor-i
shaale ⊕Dar-Tama-N.region
Chad (Ouaddaï)
05-DAA-ae
songor, soungor, sungor, madungore; a-song, a-sungorung, a-zangori,
assagori, assangori, a-songori, a-sungore community ⊕Dar-Tama…
Dar Masalit-N. region Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya
Chad (Ouaddaï); Sudan (Dar-Fur)
05-DAA-aea
songor-A.
songor "proper"
(Ouaddaï); and/or (Dar-Fur)
05-DAA-aeb
girga
(Ouaddaï); and/or (Dar-Fur)
05-DAA-aec
wallad-dulla
(Ouaddaï); and/or (Dar-Fur)
05-DAA-af
bognak
erenga
MARARIT net
Mararit
05-DAA-aa
05-DAA-ag
4
Sudan (Ouaddaï); and/or (Dar-Fur)
including shaale ⊕Geneina>N.& E.
Sudan (Dar-Fur)
3
merarit, mareret ⊕Goz-Beida>NE. Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya
(Baggari)
Chad (Ouaddaï)
4
abiyi
abu-sharib
abiri, ebiri, mararit "proper"
Chad (Ouaddaï)
4
abu-charib, in [51] Français: abou-charib
Chad (Ouaddaï)
4
"WIDER"-DAJU, part of east-sudanic hypothesis Latin script
⊕Dar Daju, Dadjo region
Chad (Ouaddaï)
4
sarong, daju-oum-hadjer
(Ouaddaï)
4
05-EAA-b
SAARONG+ LIGURI
set
SAARONG+ BEKE
chain
SAARONG+ BEKE
net
Saarong
saarong-ge
Bokoruge
mongo+ sila
Chad (Ouaddaï; Salamat);
migration> Sudan (Dar-Fur) Υ
4
05-EAA-ba
bokor-u-ge
bokorge, bokorike
(Ouaddaï; Salamat); (Dar-Fur
adjacent)
4
05-EAA-baa
daju-sila
silla, sula ⊕Dar Silla, Sila region
Chad…
05-EAA-bab
daju-mongo
mongo-N.
Chad…
05-DAB
05-DAB-a
05-DAB-aa
05-DAB-ab
05-E
05-EA
05-EAA
05-EAA-a
05-EAA-aa
DAJU-WEST, daju "proper", dajo, dadjo, dadju, dajou
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 65
4
05-EAA-c
Fini+ Baygo
05-EAA-ca
zalingei
fini
kas+ zalingei+ geneina ⊕Dar Masalit region
Sudan (Dar-Fur)
05-EAA-cb
nyala, daju-ferne, dagu; fini-ce person; fini-nga community ⊕Daju
mountains
Sudan (Dar-Fur)
4
05-EAA-cc
baygo
bego, beko, baigo, beigo, beygo, beke ⊕Jebel Beygo mountain
¶extinct
formerly Sudan (Dar-Fur)
0
05-EAA-cd
lagowa
nyool
⊕Lagowa
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
05-EAA-ce
nyol, njalgulgule, njangulgule, nyala; nyool-ni-ce person; nyool-ge
community
Sudan (Equatoria; Kordofan)
2
05-EAA-cea
nyool-sopo
⊕Sopo upper valley
(Equatoria)
05-EAA-ceb
nyool-nyukri
⊕Jebel Nyukri mountain
(Kordofan)
05-EB
DAJU-EAST
05-EBB-aa
LIGURI+ IKIJANING
chain
LIGURI net
Liguri
liguri-A.
saburi
tallau
IKIJANING net
Ikijaning
ikijaning
05-EBB-aaa
daman-shatt
(Kordofan)
05-EBB-aab
safia-shatt
(Kordofan)
05-EBB-aac
tebeldia-shatt
(Kordofan)
05-F
NUBIAN, part of east-sudanic hypothesis Arabic script; Latin script
05-FAA-a
NOBIIN+ TIDNAAL
set
NOBIIN+ TIDNAAL
chain
Nobiin
nobin, part of "nile nubian", mahas-fiadidja, mahas-fedicca, fiadidjamahas, mahas-fiyadikkya ⊕Nile valley: Korosko upstream Εbilingual in
[12] 'Arabiyya (Sa'idi)
Egypt (Upper Egypt); Sudan
(Northern) Υ
05-FAA-aa
fiadidja
fedicca, fadicha, fiyadikkya, fadicca, fadija ⊕Nile valley: Wadi Halfa
downstream
Egypt (Upper Egypt); Sudan
(Northern)
05-FAA-ab
mahas
mahass, mahasi ⊕Wadi Halfa upstream: Batn-el-Hajar+ Dar Sukkot+
Dar Mahas country
Sudan (Northern)
05-FAB
KENUZ+ DONGOLA
net
Kenuz+ Dongola
part of "nile nubian", metoki ⊕Nile valley: Aswân upstream Εbilingual in
[12] 'Arabiyya (Sa'idi)
Egypt (Upper Egypt); Sudan
(Northern) Υ
kenzi, kunuzi, kenuzi ⊕Nasser lake...
Egypt (Upper Egypt)
"dongolese", in [12] 'Arabiyya: dongolawi ⊕Kerma... Dongola... Korti
Sudan (Northern)
05-FAC-ad
kenuz
dongola
KITHONIRI+WUNCI
net
Kithoniri+ Wunci
hagarat
kodin-ni-ai
thaminyi-ni-be
wunci-m-be
05-FAC-ada
05-EBA
05-EBA-a
05-EBA-aa
05-EBA-ab
05-EBA-ac
05-EBB
05-EBB-a
05-FA
05-FAB-a
05-FAB-aa
05-FAB-ab
05-FAC
Sudan (Dar-Fur; Equatoria;
Kordofan)
3
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
liguri "proper" ⊕Jebel Liguri mountain
Sudan (Kordofan)
⊕Saburi
Sudan (Kordofan)
talau, talo ⊕Tallau
Sudan (Kordofan)
⊕Shatt mountains Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
shatt #shatt in [12] 'Arabiyya = «scattered»
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
5
5
HILL-NUBIAN, "nubian"-S.
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
el-hugeirat ⊕El Hugeirat mountains
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
kodhin, kadaru-E., kaduru-E.
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
dair, daier ⊕Jebel Daier mountains
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
ghulfan, gulfan
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
kurgul
⊕Ghulfan-Kurgul mountains
(Kordofan)
05-FAC-adb
morung
⊕Ghulfan-Morung massif
(Kordofan)
05-FAC-ae
debri
kadero
kithoniri-she
waliri-she
ginuk
tabaq
warki-m-be
TIDNAAL net
wei
Sudan (Kordofan)
2
kadaru-W., kaduru-W.
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
karko, garko
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
wali, walari ⊕Wali mountains
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
05-FAC-a
05-FAC-aa
05-FAC-ab
05-FAC-ac
05-FAC-af
05-FAC-ag
05-FAC-ah
05-FAC-ai
05-FAC-aj
05-FAC-ak
05-FAD
05-FAD-a
Sudan (Kordofan)
Sudan (Kordofan)
dilling, delen ⊕Dilling town+ mountains
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan; migration>
Omdurman; Gezira)
4
4
MIDOB
05-FAD-aa
tid-n-aal
tid-da, midob, meidob, midobi ⊕Jebel Midob mountains
Sudan (Kordofan)
05-FAD-aaa
urrti
uurti
(Kordofan)
05-FAD-aab
torti
05-FAD-aac
shalkota
(Kordofan)
shelkota
(Kordofan)
page 66
The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition
MURGI net
Murgi
BIRGID
05-FAE-a
⊕formerly El Obeid>S.; Jebel Marra>E.; Nyala>N.; also in Ouaddaï
country ¶extinct
formerly Sudan (Kordofan, Darfur);
Chad (Ouaddaï) Υ
0
05-FAE-aa
murgi
birgid, birked, birqed, birguid, birkit, kajjara ¶now extinct, former
community now speaks [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) distinct from
neighbouring [17] Birgit (Birgid)
formerly Sudan (Kordofan, Darfur);
Chad (Ouaddaï)
0
05-FAF
HARAZA* net
Haraza
haraza
05-FAE
05-FAF-a
05-FAF-aa
ι
ι
formerly Sudan (Kordofan)
0
Sudan (Kordofan)
0
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
¶now extinct, former Haraza speech community now speaks [12]
'Arabiyya (Sudani)
part of east-sudanic hypothesis Latin script
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
05-GAA-aa
AMA+ AFITTI set
AMA+ AFITTI chain
AMA net
Ama
ama
#ama =«people»
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
05-GAA-aaa
i-nyimang
nyimang "proper", nyima, nyamang, nyiman ⊕Jebel Nyimang
mountains
(Kordofan)
05-GAA-aab
mandal
⊕Mandal mountains
(Kordofan)
05-GAB
AFITTI+ DITTI net
Afitti+ Ditti
⊕Jebel Dair-E. mountains: Sidra environs Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya
(Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
afitti
ditti
unietti
dinik
affitti
(Kordofan)
3
⊕Umm-Diti
(Kordofan)
part of east-sudanic hypothesis Latin script
05-HAB-ac
RONGE+ JIRRU set
RONGE+ JIRRU
chain
RONGE net
Ronge
longot-na-ronge
JIRRU+ TESEI net
Jirru+ Tesei
keiga-jirru
tesei
umm-danab
05-I
KUFO+ AIGANG set
formerly classified with languages of the "Kordofanian" grouping
(06=Kodofanic) Latin script
05-IA
KUFO+
KADHOMODI chain
KUFO+ THULISHI
net
Dhalla+ Miri
"WIDER"-KADUGLI, "kadugli+ krongo"
'kadugli' "proper"+ miri #thoma = «language» Εbilingual in [12]
'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
thoma-ma-miri
thoma-ma-dhalla
miri, muri, ka-miri; kado-ma-miri community ⊕Miri villages & mountains
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
05-IAA-ab
dhalla, talla, dakalla, morta, toma-ma-dalla, ka-dhalla community; in
[12] 'Arabiyya: kadugli "proper", kudugli ⊕Kadugli
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
05-IAA-ac
thoma-ma-dholubi
dholubi, tolubi, dlubi, tuna, katcha, kaca; ka-dholubi community
#thoma-ma-dholubi = «language of the hearth» ⊕Katcha
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
05-IAA-b
Kufo+ Tumma
kufo
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
05-IAA-ba
kanga
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
05-IAA-baa
kanga
⊕Kanga
(Kordofan)
05-IAA-bab
abu-sinun
⊕Abu-sinun mountain
(Kordofan)
05-IAA-bac
chiroro+ kursi
⊕Chiroro… Kursi
(Kordofan)
05-IAA-bad
kufa+ lima
⊕Kufa… Lima
(Kordofan)
05-IAA-bb
tumma+ sangali
05-IAA-bba
tumma
⊕Tumma
(Kordofan)
05-IAA-bbb
sangali
⊕Sangali
(Kordofan)
05-IAA-bbc
belanya
⊕Belanya
(Kordofan)
05-IAA-bbd
krongo-abdallah
krongo-abdullah ⊕Krongo-Abdullah
(Kordofan)
05-G
05-GA
05-GAA
05-GAA-a
05-GAB-a
05-GAB-aa
05-GAB-ab
05-GAB-ac
05-GAB-ad
05-H
05-HA
05-HAA
05-HAA-a
05-HAA-aa
05-HAB
05-HAB-a
05-HAB-aa
05-HAB-ab
05-IAA
05-IAA-a
05-IAA-aa
NYIMANG
(Kordofan)
(Kordofan)
temain ⊕Temein mountains Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
rone, ronge; ne-kina-ronge community; rong-intet person
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
girru ⊕Keiga-girru, Keiga-jirru
Sudan (Kordofan)
teis, tese ⊕Tesei
Sudan (Kordofan)
⊕Umm-danab
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
'kadugli'-C.
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 67
Thulishi+ Turuj
thulishi
Mudo Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
05-IAA-ca
tulesh; ka-thulishi community; tha-thulishi person ⊕Jebel Tulishi
mountain
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
05-IAA-cb
kamdang
kadho-ma-nya (=«community of the mountains») ⊕Jebel Kamdang
mountain
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
05-IAA-cc
turuj
dar-el-kabira ⊕Dar-el-Kabira region
Sudan (Kordofan)
05-IAA-cca
turuj-A.
truj
05-IAA-ccb
logoke
05-IAA-ccc
minjimmina
05-IAB
'kadugli'-E.
05-IAB-a
KADHOMODI+
TUMTUM net
Kadhomodi
Krongo, korongo, kurungu ⊕Krongo mountains Εbilingual in [12]
'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
05-IAB-aa
kadho-mo-di
kadu-mo-di # =«community of the hearth»
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
05-IAB-aaa
tabanya
⊕Tabanya
(Kordofan)
05-IAB-aab
dimodongo
⊕Dimodongo
(Kordofan)
05-IAB-aac
fama
⊕Fama… Teis… Kua
(Kordofan)
05-IAB-b
⊕Jebel-Talodi+ Eliri mountains Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
⊕Tumtum
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
talassa ⊕Talassa
Sudan (Kordofan)
kurondi, korindi ⊕Karondi
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
Keiga, y-ega Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
05-IBA-aa
Tumtum+ Talasa
tumtum
talasa
karondi
AIGANG+ ROFIK
chain
AIGANG+ ROFIK net
Aigang+ Rofik
sani-m-aigang
aigang, y-ega, k-eiga, k-aigang, k-ayi; kadho-m-aigang community
⊕Keiga mountains
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
05-IBA-aaa
keiga-el-kheil
⊕Keiga-el-Kheil
(Kordofan)
05-IBA-aab
kalda
⊕Kalda
(Kordofan)
05-IBA-aac
lubun
luban ⊕Keiga-Lubun
(Kordofan)
05-IBA-aad
tummero
⊕Keiga-Timero
(Kordofan)
05-IBA-ab
sani-mo-rofik
demik; kadho-mo-rofik community ⊕Demik village + mountain
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
05-J
HIGIR+ MOGAREB
set
HIGIR+ MOGAREB
chain
HIGIR+ MOGAREB
net
Higir+ Mogareb
NARA, barea, part of east-sudanic hypothesis Ethiopic; Latin scripts
Eritrea
4
05-IAA-c
05-IAB-ba
05-IAB-bb
05-IAB-bc
05-IB
05-IBA
05-IBA-a
05-JA
05-JAA
05-JAA-a
05-JAA-aa
05-JAA-ab
05-JAA-ac
05-JAA-ad
05-K
05-KA
05-KAA
05-KAA-a
05-KAA-aa
05-KAA-ab
05-KAA-ac
05-KAA-ad
05-KAA-ae
05-KAA-af
05-KAA-ag
05-KAA-b
05-KAA-ba
05-KAA-c
05-KAA-ca
higir
mogareb
koyta
santora
'kadugli'-W.
nara, nera, 'barea', 'barya', 'baarya', marda-N. ⊕Amideb... Mogareb...
Mareb... Baraka valleys including considerable dialect variation within
each of the four inner languages Εbilingual in [12] Tigre
Eritrea
⊕Mogareb valley
Eritrea
Eritrea
Eritrea
BARKA+ ILIT set
BARKA+ ILIT chain
BARKA+ ILIT net
Barka+ Marda
Ethiopic script; Latin script
Kunama, kunaama, cunama, baza, baaza, baada, baazen, bazen,
baazayn, baden, baaden, bada, diila ⊕Braia... Setit… Takazze valleys
Εplurilingual in [12] Tigre, Tigray, 'Arabiyya and/or [13] Bedauye
Eritrea-W.; Ethiopia (Tigray); also
formerly Sudan (Kassala) Υ
marda
aimara
sokodasa
barka
bitaama
setiit
tiika
Bitaama
bitaama
Ilit
ilit
marda-kunama, marda-S., kunama-NE. ⊕Barentu>N. & E.
Eritrea
aaimasa, aymasa, odasa ⊕Barentu>W.
Eritrea
sogodas, sogadas
Eritrea
berka, kunama-E. ⊕Mareb valley: Barentu>S.
Eritrea
bitama, beet-haama
Eritrea
setit, takazze-setit ⊕Setit valley
Eritrea; Ethiopia (Tigray)
tika, lakatakura-tika, kunama-S. ⊕Laki-Tukura>S.
Eritrea; Ethiopia (Tigray)*
Eritrea
4
3*
bitama, beet-haama
Eritrea
⊕Alkota mountains
Eritrea
3
iiliit, iliit, iilit
Eritrea
3
page 68
05-L
05-LA
05-LAA
05-LAA-a
The Linguasphere Register
BAXA* set
BAXA chain
BAXA net
Baxa
05-LAA-aa
dakunza
05-LAA-ab
sai
sese
disoha
dekoka
dewiya
kukwaya
gombo
jemhwa
modea
welqita
05-LAA-ac
05-LAA-ad
05-LAA-ae
05-LAA-af
05-LAA-ag
05-LAA-ah
05-LAA-ai
05-LAA-aj
05-LAA-ak
GUMUZ Ethiopic script; Latin script
ingishi-baxa, baga-tse, bega, gumuz, gumis, komuz, 'shanqilla'-N.,
'shankillinya', mendeya, debatsa, deguba, dehenda ⊕Gandoa valley...
Blue Nile+ Didessa valleys Εplurilingual in [12] Amarinya and/or [14]
Oromo (Tulema / Mecha) #ingishi-baxa =«language of (the) people»
Ethiopia (Gondar; Gojjam; also
Welega; Shoa); Sudan (Blue Nile)
dukuna, dugunza, dukunza, dugunz, gunza, "pseudo" ganza, ganzo,
degoja distinct from [16] Ganza
Ethiopia; Sudan (Blue Nile)
Ethiopia; Sudan (Blue Nile)
saysay
Ethiopia; Sudan (Blue Nile)
desua
Ethiopia; Sudan (Blue Nile)
Sudan (Blue Nile)
Sudan (Blue Nile)
Sudan (Blue Nile)
gombo ⊕Gombo
Ethiopia (Welega); Sudan (Blue Nile)
Sudan (Blue Nile)
Sudan (Blue Nile)
⊕Welqita environs
Ethiopia (migration> Shoa)
05-MBA-aa
05-MBA-aaa
agadi
(Blue Nile)
05-MBA-aab
bagis
(Blue Nile)
05-MBA-aac
beek
(Blue Nile)
05-MBA-aad
bulmut
(Blue Nile)
05-MBA-aae
kilgu
05-MBA-aaf
kukuli
05-MBA-aag
mugum
(Blue Nile)
05-MBA-aah
sidak
(Blue Nile)
05-N
BERTHU+ GOBATO* Latin script
set
BERTHU+ GOBATO
chain
BERTHU+ GOBATO
net
Berthu+ Gamila
⊕Blue Nile... Yabus valleys Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
05-MA
05-MAA
05-MAA-a
05-MAA-aa
05-MAA-b
05-MAA-ba
05-MAA-c
05-MAA-ca
05-MAA-cb
05-MAA-cc
05-MB
05-MBA
05-MBA-a
05-NA
05-NAA
05-NAA-a
4
Υ
AKA+ GAAM set
AKA+ MOLO chain
AKA+ MOLO net
Aka
aka
Molo
molo
Keelo+ Tornasi
keelo
beni-sheko
tornasi
GAAM chain
GAAM net
Gaam
kor-e-gaam
05-M
1999 / 2000 edition
part of east-sudanic hypothesis Ethiopic script; Latin script
Εplurilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani) and [05] Berta
Sillok ⊕Jebel Sillok, Silak mountain
Sudan (Upper Nile)
2
sillok, nas-sillok, silak; fa-c-aka (= «people of Aka»), fecaka community
Sudan (Upper Nile)
2
⊕Jebel Malkan, Yakan mountains
Sudan (Blue Nile)
2
feca-malga, malga, malkan, yakan; tvra-ka-molo community
Sudan (Blue Nile)
2
keelo ¶extinct
formerly Sudan (Blue Nile)
0
ndu-faa-kelo ⊕Keeli, Kele, Kelle mountain & village
Sudan (Blue Nile)
kelo-beni-sheko ⊕Jebel Beni Sheko mountains
Sudan (Blue Nile)
⊕Jebel Tornasi mountains
Sudan (Blue Nile)
TABI, ingassana
⊕Jebel Tabi mountains Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Blue Nile…)
4
jog-gaam, gam, tabi, me-tabi, mun-tabi, ingessana, ingassana,
mamedja, mamidza, kamanidi
Sudan (Blue Nile…)
4
(Blue Nile)
⊕Kukur*
in a transnational area of complex nomenclature and ethno-linguistic
identity, to be further clarified
(Blue Nile)
Sudan (Blue Nile; Upper Nile);
Ethiopia (Welega; perhaps also
Ilubabor) Υ
4
Sudan (Blue Nile; Upper Nile);
Ethiopia (Welega)
4
05-NAA-aa
ndu-berthu
05-NAA-aaa
shuru
Sudan and/or Ethiopia
05-NAA-aab
bake
Sudan and/or Ethiopia
05-NAA-aac
undu
05-NAA-aad
mayu
in [12] 'Arabiyya: bani-ummaya, including wetawit
(Welega)
05-NAA-aae
fadashi
wa-'dashi ⊕Fadasi
(Welega)
05-NAA-aaf
dabuso
⊕Blue Nile valley: Dabuso
(Welega)
05-NAA-ab
gamila
gameli, qameli, qamamyl* ⊕Blue Nile+ Dabus confluence Εprobably
bilingual in [14] Oromo (Mecha)
Ethiopia (Welega; Gojjam)
3*
05-NAA-b
Gobato
gobato
⊕Didessa valley Εprobably bilingual in [14] Oromo (Mecha)
Ethiopia (Welega)
3
gebeto
Ethiopia (Welega)
3
05-NAA-ba
bertha, berta, burta, ndu-thayu, xojalee, hojale, shogale, 'beni-shangul',
jebelawi, gebelawin #ndu-thayu =«home language», literally «mouth+
home»; jebelawi, gebelawin in [12] 'Arabiyya =«hill-community»
Sudan and/or Ethiopia
4= EURASIA geosector
05-O
05-OA
05-OAA
05-OAA-a
05-OAA-aa
KWAMA+ ANEJ set
ANEJ chain
ANEJ net
Anej
anej
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
KOMAN Ethiopic script; Latin script
ι
ι
⊕Jebel Gule mountains ¶extinct
formerly Sudan (Blue Nile)
0
gule; fungi, funj, fecakomodiyo, 'hameg', 'hamej' #hamej in [12]
'Arabiyya =«serfs»
formerly Sudan (Blue Nile)
0
uduk ⊕Belila... Yabus valley Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Upper Nile; Blue Nile)
4
kwanim-pas (=«community of the village»), uduk, korora, kebeirka,
othan, korara, kumus
Sudan (Upper Nile; Blue Nile)
4
05-OBA-aa
KWAMA+ TWAMPA
chain
TWAMPA net
Twam-Pa
twam-pa
05-OBA-aaa
twam-pa-C.
(Blue Nile)
05-OBA-aab
twam-pa-S.
(Upper Nile)
05-OBB
05-OBB-a
KWAMA+ KOMO net
Kwama+ Komo
05-OBB-aa
05-OB
05-OBA
05-OBA-a
page 69
UDUK
komo distinct from [16] Ganza ("pseudo" Koma) Εbilingual in [14]
Oromo (Mecha) and/or [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Ethiopia (Welega; Ilubabor); Sudan
(Upper Nile) Υ
4
twa-kwama
kwama, gwama, go-gwama, ta-kwama, goma, noka-noka, afan-mao,
amam, koma-N., asosa-koma ⊕Asosa
Ethiopia (Welega)
4
05-OBB-ab
ta-komo
komo, t'a-komo, go-kwom, coma, como, haya-haya, madiin, daga,
daga-komo, koma-C. ⊕Daga valley
Sudan (Upper Nile); (Welega)
4
05-OBB-aba
beilla
05-OBB-abb
chali
05-OBB-ac
medin, modin, marin, koma-S. ⊕Begi... Baro valley
Ethiopia (Ilubabor)
05-OCA-a
madiin
OPUUO chain
OPUUO net
Opuuo
opuo, opo
Sudan (Upper Nile); Ethiopia
(Ilubabor) Υ
3
05-OCA-aa
opo-shiita
shita, cita, ciita, an-sita, kina, kwina, in [04] Anywaaa: 'langa'
Sudan (Upper Nile); Ethiopia
(Ilubabor)
3
05-OCA-ab
buldiit
kusgilo
buldit
Sudan (Upper Nile)
05-OCA-ac
⊕Kigille
Sudan (Upper Nile)
05-P
SURI+ MAJANG set
SURMAN, part of east-sudanic hypothesis Ethiopic script; Latin
script
05-PA
05-PAA-aa
DIDINGA+ ZILMAMU
chain
DIDINGA+ MURLE
net
Didinga+ Larimo
doth-ki-larimo
05-PAA-ab
doth-ki-didinga
05-PAA-aba
lowudo
05-PAA-abb
chukudom
05-PAA-b
Murle+Olam
05-PAA-ba
dod-murle
05-PAA-baa
05-PAA-bab
05-OC
05-OCA
05-PAA
05-PAA-a
Sudan
Sudan
Sudan (Equatoria)
4
larimo, narim; longarim, larim community; larim-init person ⊕Boya
mountains
Sudan (Equatoria)
3
didinga, 'di'dinga, xaroxa, toi, lango-didinga ⊕Didinga mountains
Sudan (Equatoria)
4
(Equatoria)
nagichot
(Equatoria)
Sudan (Upper Nile); Ethiopia
(Kefa; Gemu-Gofa) Υ
4
murulei, merule, mourle, murule, beir, ajibba, agiba, adkibba, dhuak-W.
¶spoken by semi-nomadic pastoralists
Sudan (Upper Nile); Ethiopia
(Kefa; Gemu-Gofa)
4
ol-ci-lotilla
pibor-murle ⊕Pibor+ Kengen valleys
(Upper Nile)
ol-ci-bom
boma-murle ⊕Boma plateau
(Upper Nile)
05-PAA-bac
olam
ng-alam ⊕Ukwaa-SE.: Bang-Alam #bang Alam= «land of Olam»
(Kefa)
3
05-PAA-bad
murle-omo
⊕Omo valley
(Kefa; Gemu-Gofa)
2
05-PAA-c
Tenet
tenet
⊕Lafit mountains
Sudan (Equatoria)
3
tenat, tennet, irenge, "blacksmith's" murle ¶spoken by blacksmiths'
community
Sudan (Equatoria)
3
ZILMAMU+ BALE
net
Zilmamu+ Bale
kacipo+ balesi
Ethiopia (Kefa); also Sudan
(Equatoria; Upper Nile) Υ
3
zilmamu
bale-si
kacipo
zilmamo, zulmamu, tsilmano, silmamo ⊕Zilmamo, Tsilmamo…
Ethiopia (Kefa)
3
bale, bale-tha, bale-thi, mashi
Ethiopia (Kefa)
3
kachepo, suri-W.
Ethiopia (Kefa); Sudan (Upper
Nile…)
05-PAA-ca
05-PAB
05-PAB-a
05-PAB-aa
05-PAB-ab
05-PAB-ac
page 70
The Linguasphere Register
05-PBA-aa
SURI+ ME'EN chain
SURI+ ME'EN net
Me'en
tuk-te-me'en-en
05-PBA-aaa
05-PBA-aab
05-PB
05-PBA
1999 / 2000 edition
Ethiopia (Kefa)
4
me'en, mekan, mie'en, mieken, meqan, men, shuro, daim, sogore,
surbm # tuk-te-me'en-en =«mouth of the community»
Ethiopia (Kefa)
4
bodi
dime, podi, "plains" me'en ¶spoken by nomadic pastoralists
(Kefa)
tishena
teshina, teshenna, "hill" me'en ¶spoken by pastoralists
(Kefa)
05-PBA-b
Suri+ Mursi
Surma, including dama, tama ⊕Boma plateau… Koma environs
Ethiopia (Kefa); Sudan (Upper
Nile) Υ
4
05-PBA-ba
mursi
mursu, murdi, murzi, murzu, merdu, meritu; mun community
⊕Jinka>SW.
Ethiopia (Kefa); Sudan (Upper
Nile)
3
05-PBA-bb
tirma
tirma-ga, tirma-gi, triima, terema, terna, dirma, cirma, caci, cai, chai,
chachai, tid
Ethiopia (Kefa); Sudan (Upper
Nile)
4
05-PBA-bc
tug-a-suri
suri-E., shuri, churi, dhuri, surma "proper", dhuak-E. #tug-a-suri
=«mouth of suri»
Ethiopia (Kefa)
4
05-PC
"WIDER"-KWEGU
05-PCA-a
KWEGOI+ MUGUJI
chain
KWEGOI+ MUGUJI
net
Kwegoi+ Muguji
¶nearly extinct, spoken by scattered communities of hunter-gatherers
Εplurilingual in [05] Mekan (Bodi) and/or [05] Surma (Mursi) ⊕Omo
valley
Ethiopia (Kefa; Gemu-Gofa)
2
05-PCA-aa
toko-kwegoi
kwegoi, kwegu "proper, kwegi, koegu, bacha, menja; yidinich, yidinit,
nyidi, yidi community #toko-kwegoi=«mouth of kwegu»
Ethiopia (Kefa; Gemu-Gofa)
05-PCA-ab
muguji-apo
muguji #muguji-apo =«mouth of muguji» ⊕near Omo+ Mako
confluence
Ethiopia (Kefa; Gemu-Gofa)
05-PD
MAJANG chain
MAJANG net
Majang
ato-majang
⊕Dembidolo environs... Erbu valley
Ethiopia (Welega; Kefa)
4
majang, u-jang, mesengo, masongo, masango, majanj-iro, ojanjur, ajo,
ato-majang-er-onk; majang- ir community #ato-majang =«mouth of
majang»
Ethiopia (Welega; Kefa)
4
⊕Godere... Mashi Εplurilingual in [05] Majang and/or [16] Gonga-S.
(Mocha)
Ethiopia (Ilubabor)
2
shako, 'mekeyer', 'mikeyir', 'mikair'
Ethiopia (Ilubabor)
2
05-PBA-a
05-PCA
05-PDA
05-PDA-a
05-PDA-aa
05-PEA-a
SHABO* chain
SHABO net
Shabo
05-PEA-aa
shabo
05-PE
05-PEA
4= EURASIA geosector
06=
KORDOFANIC
phylozone
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
covers the "Kordofanian" grouping (part of the "Congo- Sudan
Kordofanian", "new Niger-Congo" hypothesis); comprising 4
sets of languages (= 18 outer languages) spoken by
communities in Northeast Africa, in and around the Nuba
Hills:
06-A KALAK+ OMURIKI
06-C NGILE+ TALODI
page 71
5
06-B TORO+ WARNANG
06-D TEGALI+ TAGOI
excluding [05] Kufo+ Aigang or "Kadugli+ Keiga" (which had
formerly been classified as "Kordofanian")
katla+ tima Latin script
06-AAA-aa
KALAK+ OMURIKI
set
KALAK+ OMURIKI
chain
KALAK net
Kalak
betel-gali-a-kalak
06-AAA-aaa
06-A
06-AA
06-AAA
katla ⊕Nuba massif Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
kalak; a-kalak people / community; kaalak person
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
bombori+ kiddu
⊕Bombori… Kateik… Kiddu
(Kordofan)
06-AAA-aab
kirkpong+ karoka
⊕Kirkpong… Karoka
(Kordofan)
06-AAA-aac
koldrong
⊕Koldrong
(Kordofan)
06-AAA-aad
julud
gulud ⊕Gulud
(Kordofan)
06-AAB
OMURIKI net
Omuriki
tamanik-l-omuriki
tima ⊕Jebel Tima mountians Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
omuriki, tima, yibwa; yibwa l-omuriki community #tamanik
=«language»
(Kordofan)
3
⊕Moro hills Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
06-AAA-a
06-AAB-a
06-AAB-aa
"WIDER"-HEIBAN, koalib-moro Latin script
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
06-BAA-aa
TORO+ WARNANG
set
TORO+ MORONG
chain
MORONG+ TIRO net
Morong
dhi-morong
morong, moro
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
06-BAA-aaa
logorban
umm-dorein ⊕Umm-Dorein
(Kordofan)
06-BAA-aab
morong-A.
moro, abu-leila ⊕Abu-Leila
(Kordofan)
06-BAA-aac
umm-gabralla
⊕Umm-Gabralla
(Kordofan)
06-BAA-aad
acheron
⊕Acheron apparently distinct from neighbouring [06] Tacho+ Torona
(Acheron-2)
(Kordofan)
06-BAA-aae
lebu
dorong ⊕Lebu hill
(Kordofan)
06-BAA-b
tira ⊕Tira Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
06-BAA-ba
Tiro
ngarta-nga-tiro
tiro, li-thiro, ngarta-nga-thiro, thiro, tira; li-tiro community
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
06-BAA-baa
tira-el-akhdar
tira-dagig
(Kordofan)
06-BAA-bab
tira-mandi
06-BAA-bac
kinderma
kanderma
(Kordofan)
06-BAA-bad
tira-lumun
luman
(Kordofan)
06-BAB
SHIRUMBA+
SHEIBUN net
Shirumba+ Sheibun
nguron-ngadi-ngishirumba
ngurun-nga-lu-dumör
sheibun
ndano
TORO+ QWURANG
net
Toro+ Gurila
dhi-toro
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
shirumba "proper", dhi-shirumba, li-shirumba, cerumba, cherumba
Sudan (Kordofan)
lu-dumör, shwai, shuway ⊕Shwai mountains
Sudan (Kordofan)
shabun
Sudan (Kordofan)
06-B
06-BA
06-BAA
06-BAA-a
06-BAB-a
06-BAB-aa
06-BAB-ab
06-BAB-ac
06-BAB-ad
06-BAC
06-BAC-a
06-BAC-aa
06-BAC-ab
06-BAC-ac
06-BAC-ad
06-BAC-ae
06-BAC-af
06-BAC-ag
06-BAC-ah
dhi-jama
dhu-gwujur
dhu-kwara
dhu-gurila
dho-rombe
dha-garro
dhö-görindi
(Kordofan)
3
Sudan (Kordofan)
HEIBAN-CENTRAL
⊕Otoro massif Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
toro, dhu-toro, otoro "proper", utoro, kawama, kawarma; li-toro
community
Sudan (Kordofan)
jama, di-jama; li-gyama, li-jama community
Sudan (Kordofan)
gwujur, du-gwujur; lu-kujur, lu-gwujur community
Sudan (Kordofan)
kwara, do-kwara; lö-kwara community
Sudan (Kordofan)
gurila, du-gurila; lu-gurila community
Sudan (Kordofan)
rombe, do-rombe, dho-robe, lo-rombe community
Sudan (Kordofan)
garro, da-garro, li-garro community
Sudan (Kordofan)
görindi, do-gorindi; lö-görindi community
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
page 72
The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition
Eebang+ Laaru
dhu-nguna-dhaeebang
dhu-gun-dha-dhi-labla-a
yi-l-laaru
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
eebang, ebang; d he-bang, heiban; lebang community
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
l-abla-a, abla-a, dhabla, dha-abel-a, abel, abul ⊕Obul
Sudan (Kordofan)
l-laaru, yi-l-laro, laro, alleira, aaleira, laaru; ngu-l-laaru, ngwu-l-laro
community ⊕Laro mountains
Sudan (Kordofan)
igwormany
Logol
tha-logol-i
Qwurang+ Nyukwur
⊕Lormany
Sudan (Kordofan)
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
logol, longan, 'lukha'
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
koalib, kawalib, kowalib, 'nuba'; lgalige ⊕Koalib country & massif
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
qwurang, ngu-gwurang; lu-qwurang community
Sudan (Kordofan)
reere, li-reere, ni-rere, rere, abri ⊕Abri>S.+SW.
Sudan (Kordofan)
nduna; lu-nduna community ⊕Abri
Sudan (Kordofan)
06-BAC-dd
ngu-qwurang
ngi-reere
ngu-nduna
ngi-nyukwur
nyukwur
Sudan (Kordofan)
06-BAC-dda
nyukwur-A.
⊕Nyukwur
(Kordofan)
06-BAC-ddb
hadra
⊕Hadra, Umm-Heitan
(Kordofan)
06-BB
WARNANG+
FUNGOR chain
WARNANG net
Warnang
guro-ra-warnang
FUNGOR+ NYARO
net
Fungor+ Nyaro
kraw-ka-iro
nyaro
fungor
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
warnang, ciring-ca-warnang, werni, werna ⊕Werni
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
ko, kau, kao ⊕Kau
Sudan (Kordofan)
⊕Nyaro
Sudan (Kordofan)
fungur
Sudan (Kordofan)
06-BAC-b
06-BAC-ba
06-BAC-bb
06-BAC-bc
06-BAC-bd
06-BAC-c
06-BAC-ca
06-BAC-d
06-BAC-da
06-BAC-db
06-BAC-dc
06-BBA
06-BBA-a
06-BBA-aa
06-BBB
06-BBB-a
06-BBB-aa
06-BBB-ab
06-BBB-ac
Latin script
06-CAA-aa
NGILE+ LAFOFA set
NGILE+ TALODI
chain
NGILE+ TALODI net
Ngile+ Dengebu
ngile
06-CAA-aaa
06-C
06-CA
06-CAA
3
Masakin, mesakin Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
masakin "proper", darra ⊕Mesekin hills…
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
masakin-qusar
qusar, masakin-gusar, mesakin-qusar, including masakin-buram…
masakin-dagig ⊕Qusar
(Kordofan)
06-CAA-aab
masakin-buram
⊕Buram
(Kordofan)
06-CAA-aac
masakin-dagig
dagik ⊕Dagig
(Kordofan)
06-CAA-aad
masakin-tuwal
tuwal, towal, tiwal ⊕Towal
(Kordofan)
06-CAA-aae
aheima
el-akheimar ⊕Aheima
(Kordofan)
06-CAA-aaf
daloka
taloka ⊕Taloka
(Kordofan)
06-CAA-ab
dengebu
Tacho+ Torona*
acheron-2
reikha
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
⊕Moro hills Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
⊕Acheron apparently distinct from neighbouring [06] Morong
(Acheron)
Sudan (Kordofan)
kuku-lumun ⊕Lumun
Sudan (Kordofan)
toicho ⊕Tacho
Sudan (Kordofan)
⊕Torona
Sudan (Kordofan)
⊕Talodi mountain
Sudan (Kordofan)
⊕Talodi
Sudan (Kordofan)
⊕Tasomi
Sudan (Kordofan)
jomang; a-jomang community, ta-jomang ⊕Tata
Sudan (Kordofan)
⊕Eliri massif Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
eliri
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
06-CBA-aa
lumun
tacho
torona
Talodi+ Jomang
talodi
tasomi
ga-jomang
Nding
nding
LAFOFA+ TEGEM
chain
LAFOFA+ TEGEM
net
Lafofa+ Tegem
kidie-lafofa
lafofa; amee-lafofa community ⊕Lafofa environs
Sudan (Kordofan)
06-CBA-aaa
lafofa-C.
⊕Eliri hills…
(Kordofan)
06-CBA-aab
umm-shatta
⊕Umm-Shatta
(Kordofan)
06-CBA-ab
amira
tegem
⊕Jebel-el-Amira mountain
Sudan (Kordofan)
tekeim ⊕Jebel-Tekeim
Sudan (Kordofan)
06-CAA-a
06-CAA-b
06-CAA-ba
06-CAA-bb
06-CAA-bc
06-CAA-bd
06-CAA-c
06-CAA-ca
06-CAA-cb
06-CAA-cc
06-CAA-d
06-CAA-da
06-CB
06-CBA
06-CBA-a
06-CBA-ac
3
4= EURASIA geosector
06-D
06-DA
06-DAA
06-DAA-a
06-DAA-aa
06-DAA-ab
06-DAA-ac
06-DAA-ad
06-DAA-ae
06-DAA-af
06-DAA-b
06-DAA-ba
06-DAA-bb
06-DAA-bc
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 73
TEGALI+ TAGOI set
TEGALI+ TAGOI
chain
TEGALI+ TAGOI net
Tagoi+ Tumale
RASHAD Latin script
language with noun-classes: contrast [06] Tegali+ Kom Εbilingual in
[12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
ngon-nga-ta-goi
orig
tu-male
goi, goy, tagoy, kombo-ka-tagoi community, tagoi ⊕Tagoi
Sudan (Kordofan)
turjuk, turjok ⊕Turjok village
Sudan (Kordofan)
male, su-male community, hu-male community, yu-male community,
tumali, tumale, tumeli ⊕Tumale, Tumele mountain
Sudan (Kordofan)
moreb
ta-gogen
wadelka
Tegali+ Kom
moreib ⊕Moreb village
Sudan (Kordofan)
tegele, tagale, togole, tekele ⊕Tegali massif without noun-classes:
contrast [06] Tagoi+ Tumale Εbilingual in [12] 'Arabiyya (Sudani)
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
te-gali
nge-kom
tingal
⊕Rashad hills
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
kom, nga-kom, kome, rashad ⊕Rashad town
Sudan (Kordofan)
kajakja, kajaja ⊕Tegali massif
Sudan (Kordofan)
4
Sudan (Kordofan)
Sudan (Kordofan)
3
page 74
07=
The Linguasphere Register
RIFT-VALLEY
geozone
1999 / 2000 edition
covers the "Rift-Valley" reference area (composed of sets not Ethiopia; Tanzania; Uganda
covered by any phylozone); comprising 4 sets of languages (=
7 outer languages) spoken by hunter-gatherer or former
hunter-gatherer communities in Northeast Africa, along the
Rift Valley:
07-A ONGOTA
07-C HADZA
4
07-B ICIE+ SO
07-D SANDAWE
Set 07-A has a hypothetical link to languages in the 1=AfroAsian phylosector. Set 07-B forms part of the "East Sudanic"
hypothesis (with languages in zones 04= and 05=). Sets 07C and 07-D are parts of the "wider Khoisan" hypothesis (with
languages in zones 08= and 09=).
07-A
ONGOTA set
07-AA
07-AAA-aa
ONGOTA chain
ONGOTA net
Ongota
ifa-'ongota
07-B
ICIE+ SO set
07-BA
ICIE chain
ICIE net
Icie
icie-tod-ak
07-AAA
07-AAA-a
07-BAA
07-BAA-a
07-BAA-aa
07-BB
07-BBA
07-BBA-a
07-BBA-aa
07-BBB
07-BBB-a
07-BBB-aa
07-BBC
07-BBC-a
07-BBC-aa
SO+ NYANG'I chain
NYANG'I net
Nyang'i
nyang'i
SO net
So
so
'DOROBO-NORTH'
net
'Dorobo-North'
'dorobo-N.'
BIRALE a distant link to languages in the 1=Afro-Asian phylozone
has been suggested
⊕Weyt'o valley
Ethiopia (Gemu-Gofa)
1
ongota, birale, birelle, 'shanqilla'-S. ¶nearly extinct, spoken by a
community of elderly former hunter-gatherers Εplurilingual in [14]
Tsamakula & [14] Karatti
Ethiopia (Gemu-Gofa)
1
⊕Karamoja-Turkana escarpment: Timir forest
Uganda (Karamoja)
3
ice-tod-ak, icie-tot, teuso, teuth, ngulak; ik-a, ice community #tod(-ak)
=«language» Εbilingual in [04] Karimojong ¶nearly extinct, spoken by
community of hunter-gatherers
Uganda (Karamoja)
3
⊕Nyangea-S. massif distinct from neighbouring [04] Pore /Nyangia-N.
Uganda (Karamoja; Acholi)
2
nyangi, nyangia-S., nyangeya-S., ngangea-S., na-pore-S., ni-pori-S.,
poren-S., pore-S., pori-S., porei-S.; nga-pore-S. community, ngiangeya community, u-pale community Εbilingual in [04] Karimojong
¶nearly extinct, spoken by community of hunter-gatherers
Uganda (Karamoja; Acholi)
2
⊕Moroto mountain
Uganda (Karamoja)
3
soo, tepeth, tepes Εbilingual in [04] Karimojong ¶nearly extinct
Uganda (Karamoja)
KULIAK, part of east-sudanic hypothesis (together with languages in
zones 04= and 05=, within Nilo-Saharan hypothesis)
3
ι
⊕Karamoja-Turkana escarpment
formerly Uganda (Karamoja)
0*
'dorobo-karamoja', "Wayland's" 'dorobo', "lost" 'dorobo', part of
'dorobo', 'n-dorobo' ¶presumed extinct, formerly spoken by community
of hunter-gatherers
Uganda (Karamoja)
0
part of "wider khoisan" hypothesis
07-CAA-a
HADZA set
HADZA chain
HADZA net
Hadza
⊕Eyasi lake>SE.
Tanzania (Singida; Arusha;
Shinyanga; Dodoma)
2
07-CAA-aa
hadza
hatsa, hadzapi, wa-kindiga, wa-tindiga, kindiga, tindiga, kangenju
¶spoken by community of hunter-gatherers
Tanzania (Singida; Arusha;
Shinyanga; Dodoma)
2
07-CAA-aaa
kondoa
⊕Kondoa district
(Dodoma)
07-CAA-aab
merilu
07-CAA-aac
bali
07-D
SANDAWE set
SANDAWE chain
SANDAWE net
Sandawe
sandawe
07-C
07-CA
07-CAA
07-DA
07-DAA
07-DAA-a
07-DAA-aa
Tanzania
Tanzania
part of "wider khoisan" hypothesis
⊕between Bubu… Mponde valleys
Tanzania (Dodoma)
4
wa-sandaui, sandaui, sandwe, sandawi ¶spoken by community of
hunter-gatherers, now also agriculturalists and pastoralists
Tanzania (Dodoma)
4
4= EURASIA geosector
08=
KHOISANIC
phylozone
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 75
covers the "Central Khoisan" grouping (part of the "wider Angola; Botswan; Namibia; South
Khoisan" hypothesis); comprising 2 sets of languages (= 14 Africa; Zambia
outer languages) spoken by herding or hunter-gatherer
communities in Southwestern Africa, in and around the
Kalahari desert:
08-A NAMA+ HAINL'UM
5
08-B KWADI
The symbols used conventionally to transcribe consonantal
clicks in many language-names within zones 08= and 09= are
recorded in column 3, but these symbols have been
converted to Latin alphabetic characters for the spelling and
indexing of reference-names (all names in column 2, and bold
names in column 3) as follows:
p'=bilabial click Θ
t'= dento-alveolar click ≠
l'=lateral click //.
c'=dental click /
q'=retroflex click !
#suffixes -khoi, -khwe, -khoe, -kxoe, -kxo, -kwe, -q'oa etc. = «people,
community»
08-AAA-a
NAMA+ HAINL'UM
set
NAMA+ TSHWA
chain
NAMA+ T'AU net
Nama
khwe-kovab, kxhwe-kovab, 'hottentot', naman; nama-kwa, nama-khwe,
nama-qua, khoi-govab community
Namibia; also Botswana; South
Africa (Northern Cape) Υ
08-AAA-aa
 nama-F.
"standardised" nama, "literary" nama
Namibia
08-AAA-ab
"generalised" nama, "vehicular" nama
Namibia
08-AAA-ac
nama-G.
damara-E.
dama-E., in [52] Afrikaans: 'klippkaffer'-E., 'klipkaffer'-E., part of dama,
damara, daama, damaqua, tama, tamma, tamakwa, bergdama,
bergdamara community ⊕Damaraland country
Namibia (Karibib; Okahandja)
08-AAA-ad
l'xau-c'gõa
//gxau-/gõan; in [52] Afrikaans: 'swart-booi' community ⊕Windhoek;
migration> Fransfontein, Franzfontein
Namibia (formerly Windhoek; now
Outjo)
08-AAA-ae
t'ao-ni
≠'ao-nin; in [52] Afrikaans: part of topnaar community ⊕Sesfontein,
Namibia (Kaokoveld; Outjo)
08-AAA-af
mun-l'i
m_-//_n; in [52] Afrikaans: part of topnaar community ⊕east of Walvis
Bay
Namibia (Walvis Bay; Karibib;
Swakopmund)
08-AAA-ag
q'xara-kai-kxoe
q'xara, !gxara-kai-kxoen; in [52] Afrikaans: Simon Kopper 'hottentot'
community ⊕Rietfontein
Namibia (Gobabis); Botswana
(Ghanzi) frontier
08-AAA-ah
q'ami-nt'u
q'ami, !gami-n≠un; in [52] Afrikaans: 'bondel-swart' community
⊕Kalkfontein
Namibia (Gobabis); Botswana
(Ghanzi) frontier
08-AAA-ai
kai-l'xau
kai-//xau, kai-//xaun; in [52] Afrikaans: rooi-nasie, rooi-natie community
⊕Hoachanas
Namibia (Rehoboth; Gibeon)
08-AAA-aj
l'o-kai
//'o-kain; in [52] Afrikaans: 'groot-dode' community ⊕Gibeon…
Berseba>W.
Namibia (Gibeon; Keetmanshoop)
08-AAA-ak
//ghapopen; in [52] Afrikaans: 'veldskoendraer' community ⊕Koes
Namibia (Keetmanshoop)
kxaro, kxaro-!oan; tsaib-'hottentot' community ⊕Keetmanshoop
Namibia (Keetmanshoop)
08-AAA-am
l'ghapope
kxaro-q'oa
l'aixa-l'ae
//aixa-//aen; "Chief Afrikaner's" 'hottentot', 'afrikaner-hottentot', part of
orlam, oorlam community
formerly South Africa (Northern
Cape); exodus> Namibia
(Windhoek; Okahandja)
08-AAA-an
kai-l'xaua
kai-//xaua, kai-/xaua, kai-//xauan, kakuya; amraal, part of orlam,
oorlam, in [52] Afrikaans: kakuya-'bushman'-nasie community
formerly South Africa (Northern
Cape); exodus> Namibia
(Rehoboth; Gobabis)
08-AAA-ao
c'xope-si
/xope-si; g/xopesin; "Chief Wit-booi's" 'hottentot', 'wit-booi', part of
orlam, oorlam community ⊕Gibeon
formerly South Africa (Northern
Cape); exodus> Namibia (Gibeon)
08-AAA-ap
t'ama
!'aman; bethanie-'hottentot', part of orlam, oorlam community
⊕Bethanie, Bethanien
formerly South Africa (Northern
Cape); exodus> Namibia
(Bethanien)
08-AAA-aq
c'hai-c'xaua
c'hai, /hai-/xaua; g/hai-g/xauan; berseba-'hottentot', in [52] Afrikaans:
bersabaer, part of orlam, oorlam community ⊕Fish valley: Berseba
formerly South Africa (Northern
Cape); exodus> Namibia
(Keetmanshoop)
08-AAA-b
T'au
t'au-kxoe, ≠'au-kxoen; damara-W. community, part of dama, damara,
daama, damaqua, tama, tamma, tamakwa, bergdama, bergdamara
community, in [52] Afrikaans: 'klippkaffer'-W., 'klipkaffer'-W. #t'au-kxoe
=«community of the peak»
Namibia (Outjo; Swakopmund;
Omaruru; Karibib)
08-AAA-ba
ao-kupu
tãuna-tama
'ao-kupu, au-kupun community ⊕Namib-N. desert
Namibia (Outjo)
08-AAA-bb
tãuna-taman community, brandberg-dama ⊕Brandberg massif
Namibia (Outjo; Swakopmund;
Omaruru)
08-AAA-bc
q'oe-t'gã
!'oe-≠gãã, !'oe-g≠ãn community, erongo-dama ⊕Erongo massif
Namibia (Omaruru)
08-A
08-AA
08-AAA
08-AAA-al
KHOI-KHOI, kxwe-kxwe, khwe-khwe
5
Zesfontein
4*
page 76
The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition
3*
08-AAA-c
Ãi
'ãi-//'ae, in [52] Afrikaans: rivier-volk community
South Africa (Northern Cape); also
Namibia (Warmbad) Υ
08-AAA-ca
/'oo-xoo, in [52] Afrikaans: 'smaal-wange' community
South Africa (Northern Cape)
≠nam-//'ae, in [52] Afrikaans: 'kaross-heber' community
South Africa (Northern Cape)
!ao, in [52] Afrikaans: 'Snyer's volk' community
South Africa (Northern Cape)
/hõã, in [52] Afrikaans: katte community
South Africa (Northern Cape)
08-AAA-d
c'oo-xoo
t'nam-l'ae
q'ao
c'hõa
Q'kabe
!kabe ¶previously believed extinct; few surviving speakers reunited in
1990's ⊕Kalahari Gemsbok national park; expelled to Rietfontein &
environs in 19[28] 1937
formerly South Africa (Northern
Cape)
1
08-AAA-da
q'kabe
!kabe, gemsbok-nama, gimsbok-nama, gemsbok-'bushman'
community
South Africa (Northern Cape)
1
08-AAA-e
Q'xiri
¶extinct ⊕Griqualand East country… Great Karoo country
formerly South Africa (Eastern
Cape; Kwazulu-Natal-S.)
0
08-AAA-ea
q'xiri
!xiri, griqua, gry, grikwa, !xrikwa, xirikwa, 'cape-hottentot' community
South Africa (Eastern Cape;
Kwazulu-Natal-S.)
0
08-AAA-f
Q'ora
!ora, !kora, kora, koraqua, korana, koranna, gorachouqua ⊕Oranje+
Vaal basin ¶presumed extinct
formerly South Africa (Northern
Cape; Orange Free State)
0*
08-AAA-fa
t'nuu-l'ae
t'nuu, ≠nuu-//'ae, in [52] Afrikaans: 'swartse' community ⊕Griqualand
West country
South Africa (Northern Cape)
08-AAA-fb
kai-q'ora
kx'am-l'õa
!ora, kai-!ora, in [52] Afrikaans: taaibosch community
South Africa (Northern Cape)
kx'am, kx'am-//'õa, in [52] Afrikaans: regshande community
⊕Kraalshoek…
South Africa (Orange Free State;
Northern Cape adjacent)
l'are, //'are-mãa-//'ae, in [52] Afrikaans: links community
South Africa (Orange Free State)
c'hoa, /hõa-//'ae, in [52] Afrikaans: katse community
South Africa (Orange Free State)
08-AAB-a
l'are-mãa-l'ae
c'hoa-l'ae
TSHWA+ TS'AURU
net
Ts'auru+ C'am
Nharo-n, naro, nhauru, nhauru-n ⊕Okavango valley… Kalahari-C.
desert
Botswana (North West; Ghanzi);
also Namibia (Grootfontein);
Angola (Huila) Υ
08-AAB-aa
q'ko-khoe*
q'ko, !ko-khoe, g!o-kwe ⊕Okavango swamp>W.... Okavango
downstream
Botswana (North West); Namibia
(Grootfontein); Angola (Huila)
08-AAB-ab
q'ave-khoe
l'ai-khoe
q'ave, qabe-khoe, kaba-kwe, kabba-kwe, !kabba-kwe
Botswana (Ghanzi; North West)
l'ai, //ai-khoe, //aikwe, //ai//e_, //ai//en, //aisan, /aikwe, nharo "proper"
⊕Ghanzi>SW.
Botswana (Ghanzi)
c'am-kwe
ts'auru-khoe
q'gin-khoe
Ts'ao+ Nc'hai
ts'ao-khoe
nc'hai
nc'hai-tse
C'wi+ K'ere
c'am, /amkwe, /anekwe
Botswana
ts'auru, tsoro-kwe
Botswana
q'gin, g!inkwe, !gingkwe
Botswana
⊕Ghansiveld plain... Tsau
Botswana (North West; Ghanzi)
ts'ao, tsau-khwe, tsau, tsau-kwe, ts'ixa, ts'exa ⊕Tsau environs
Botswana (North West)
n/hai ⊕Ghansiveld plain
Botswana (Ghanzi; North West)
n/hai-tse, n/hain-ts'e, /nhai-tse
Botswana (Ghanzi; North West)
L'gana-khoe, //gana-khoe
Botswana (North West; Central;
Ghanzi)
nyive-kxo
t'heva-khoe
k'ere-khoe
nyive, nyibe-kx'o
Botswana (North West)
≠heba-khoe, ≠kheba-khoe, 'khessa'
Botswana (North West)
k'ere, k'ere-khwe, tsh'ere-khwe, tcere-khoe, tsere-kwe ⊕Makalamabedi
environs
Botswana (North West; Central)
dom-khoe
du-kwe
l'gaa-khoe
l'gana-khoe
c'wi-khoe
dom, dum-khwe
Botswana (Central)
du, de-kwe
Botswana (Central)*
//gaa-khoe, g//aa, g//aakhwe
Botswana (Ghanzi)
g//ana, g//ana-khwe, //gana-khoe, //kana-khoe, tanne-kwe
Botswana (Ghanzi)
c'wi, g/wi, g/wi-khoe, g/wi-khwe, g!in-kwe, ma-gwi-kwe, /gui-khoe, gwi'bushman' community
Botswana (Ghanzi)
mo-lepolole
Tshwa+ Kovee
'lepolole'
Botswana (Ghanzi)
Tshu-C., tshu-kwe-C., tshwe, tshase, "wider" hiechware
Botswana (North West; Ghanzi;
Central); also Zimbabwe
(Matabeleland) Υ
l'goro-khwe
l'gulu
l'golo
ganadi
//goro-khwe
Botswana (North West…)
//gulu
Botswana (Ghanzi…)
//golo
Botswana (Ghanzi…)
ganade ⊕Gerufa environs
Botswana (Central); Zimbabwe
(Matabeleland)
kwe-e-tsho-ri
tshwa
kwe, kwee, kwe-tshori
Botswana (Central)
tywa, tyhwa, tyhua, tyua
Botswana (Central)
08-AAA-cb
08-AAA-cc
08-AAA-cd
08-AAA-fc
08-AAA-fd
08-AAA-fe
08-AAB
08-AAB-ac
08-AAB-ad
08-AAB-ae
08-AAB-af
08-AAB-b
08-AAB-ba
08-AAB-bb
08-AAB-bc
08-AAB-c
08-AAB-ca
08-AAB-cb
08-AAB-cc
08-AAB-cd
08-AAB-ce
08-AAB-cf
08-AAB-cg
08-AAB-ch
08-AAB-ci
08-AAB-d
08-AAB-da
08-AAB-db
08-AAB-dc
08-AAB-dd
08-AAB-de
08-AAB-df
TSHU-KWE
3
3
3*
4
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 77
08-AAB-dg
c'hai-tsho-ri
/hai-tshori, /hai-tshuwau, /hai-tshuari, hie-tshwari, hiechware,
hietshware, hiotshuare, haitshuari, haitshuwau, hiotshuwau, hietsho,
chware, sarwa, se-sarwa, tshuwau, ma-sarwa-tati, tati, 'tati-bushman'
⊕Nata>N.
Botswana (Central); Zimbabwe
(Matabeleland) Υ
08-AAB-dh
l'gabake-tsho-ri
mohisa
kovee-n-tsho-ri
Shua+ Tchaiti
g//abake-ntshori, //gabake-ntshori, g//abake-tshori
Botswana (Central)
mohissa
Botswana (Central)
kovee, kobee, kobee-ntshori, kobee-tshori, 'kossee'
Botswana (Central)
nl'oo-khoe
ts'ixa-khoe
bore-khoe
danisa
nl'oo, n//oo, n//oo-khwe, n//oo-khoe, //noo-khwe
Botswana (North West)*
ts'ixa
Botswana (North West)
bore
Botswana (North West)
danisi, danisin, danisan, denisa, ma-denasse, ma-denassa, madinnisane ⊕Kanyu>S.
Botswana (North West; Central)
shua-khoe
l'aiye
tshuma-khoe
l'oree-khoe
c'haise
tcaiti-khoe
shua, shua-kwe, shua-khwe, ma-shua-kwe, tshu-ma-kwe ⊕Nata
Botswana (Central)
//'aiye, //aaye, //'aye
Botswana (Central)
tshuma, tshuma-kwe ⊕Makgadikgadi salt-pans>N.
Botswana (Central)
l'oree, //oree-khwe, //koree-khoe
Botswana (Central)
/xaise, /haise, /hais, /ais, //aise
Botswana (Central)
tcaiti, tshidi-khwe, tshidi, tsh'iti, tçaiti, sili, shete, tsere
Botswana (Central); Zimbabwe
(Matabeleland) Υ
hura
deti-khoe
X_+ Handa
ma-hura, se-hura
Botswana (Central)
deti, teti-khwe, ma-tete, tete, teti, tletle, kwaa-khoe
Botswana (Central)
Tshu-N., tshu-kwe-N.
Botswana (North West); Angola
(Huila); also Zambia (Northern);
Namibia (Caprivi Strip) Υ
handa, handa-khwe, ts'exa, ts'ixa, handa-dam, handa-kwe-dam
Botswana (North West)
gali
Botswana (North West)
goe
Botswana (North West)
gari
Botswana (North West)
l'kani, g//ani-khwe, //kani-kxoe, kani-khoe, tanne-kwe
Botswana (North West)
boga, buka, buka-khwe, 'water-bushman'
Botswana (North West)
08-AAB-fh
handa-khoe
gali-kwe
goe-kwe
gari-kwe
l'kani-kxoe
boga-kxoe
buma-kxoe
x_-kxoe
x_, kxoe, x_-khwe, hu-kwe, 'black-bushman' community
Botswana (North West); Angola
(Huila); also Zambia (Northern);
Namibia (Caprivi Strip) Υ
08-AAB-fha
q'hu-kwe
!hu-kwe ⊕Makalamabedi
(North West)
08-AAB-fhb
zama
va-zama community
(Huila)
08-AAB-fhc
kwengo
mbara-kwengo, va-kwengo, mbara-kwena
(Huila); also (Northern)
08-AAB-fhd
glanda-khwe
glanda
(Huila)
08-AAB-fhe
schekere
08-AB
08-ABA-a
HAINL'UM+ KEDI
chain
HAINL'UM+ KEDI net
Hainl'um+ Kedi
08-ABA-aa
hai-nl'um
Heikom, hai//'om, heiom, heikum, haikum, hai//'um, hai-//um, hain//um,
heikom-'bushman' community
Namibia (Gobabis; Grootfontein)
08-ABA-ab
kedi
kedde, keddi
Namibia (Ovamboland;
Grootfontein); Angola (Huila)
08-ABA-ac
cwaga
chwagga
Namibia (Ovamboland;
Grootfontein)
08-ABA-ad
'strandläufer'
⊕Kaoko-Veld-W. plain in [52] Deutsch: Strandläufer =«beachrunners»
Namibia (Kaokoveld)
08-B
08-BAA-a
KWADI set
KWADI chain
KWADI net
Kwadi
cuepe, cuanhoca, curoca, ma-koroko, mu-coroka, mucoroca; bakoroka community ⊕Curoca lower valley
Angola (Moçamedes)
08-BAA-aa
kwise
kwisso, mo-quisse; ba-kise, ba-cuisso, ba-kuise, ba-kwisso, va-kuise
community
Angola (Moçamedes)
08-BAA-ab
zorotua
va-sorantu community
Angola (Moçamedes)
08-AAB-di
08-AAB-dj
08-AAB-e
08-AAB-ea
08-AAB-eb
08-AAB-ec
08-AAB-ed
08-AAB-ee
08-AAB-ef
08-AAB-eg
08-AAB-eh
08-AAB-ei
08-AAB-ej
08-AAB-ek
08-AAB-el
08-AAB-f
08-AAB-fa
08-AAB-fb
08-AAB-fc
08-AAB-fd
08-AAB-fe
08-AAB-ff
08-AAB-fg
08-ABA
08-BA
08-BAA
Botswana (North West; Central);
also Zimbabwe (Matabeleland) Υ
3
3
2
4*
Botswana (North West)
(Huila)
Namibia (Ovamboland;
Grootfontein; Gobabis; Kaokoveld);
Angola (Huila) Υ
4
4
page 78
09=
The Linguasphere Register
KALAHARI
geozone
1999 / 2000 edition
covers the Kalahari reference area (within the "wider Khoisan" Angola; Botswana; Lesotho;
hypothesis), composed of the "North-Khoisan" set 09-A plus Namibia; South Africa
the remaining sets within the "South-Khoisan" hypothesis;
comprising 5 sets of languages (= 14 outer languages)
spoken by hunter-gatherer communities in Southwestern
Africa, in and around the Kalahari desert and Orange basin:
09-A XUNG+ Q'O-Q'XUNG
09-C NC'HU+ L'KUL'E
09-E C'XAM+ 'KATKOP'*
4
09-B C'WI+ NC'USAN
09-D L'XEGWI+ L'XOGWI
Certain languages (indicated by a star *) and the final set of
languages (09-E C'xam+ 'Katkop'*) are classified notionally, in
the absence of adequate or consistent information
The symbols used conventionally to transcribe consonantal
clicks in many language-names within zones 08= and 09= are
recorded in column 3, but these symbols have been
converted to Latin alphabetic characters for the spelling and
indexing of reference-names (all names in column 2, and bold
names in column 3) as follows:
p'=bilabial click Θ
t'= dento-alveolar click ≠
l'=lateral click //.
09-A
09-AA
09-AAA
09-AAA-a
c'=dental click /
q'=retroflex click !
XUNG+ Q'O-Q'XUNG KHOISAN-NORTH, kung
set
Q'O-Q'XUNG chain
Q'O-Q'XUNG net
Q'o-Q'xung
Kung-N., !'o-!khung, !'o-!kung, !o!kung, !'o-!'khung, o-khung, o-kung,
Angola (Huila)
oung, n-!khung, !kung, !khung, !xü
3
09-ABA-a
maligo
q'o-q'xung-C.
q'o-q'xung-S.
XUNG+ ZHU chain
XUNG net
Xung*
09-ABA-aa
xung-ukuambi
Namibia (Ovamboland)
09-ABA-aaa
uukualuthi
(Ovamboland)
09-ABA-aab
ukuambi
(Ovamboland)
09-ABA-ab
xung-heikum
Angola (Huila); Namibia
(Ovamboland; Tsumeb)
09-ABA-aba
heil'um
09-ABA-abb
heikum
(Tsumeb…)
09-ABA-ac
xung-chu
Namibia (Ovamboland); Angola
(Huila)*
09-ABA-ad
xung-t'kung-N.
xung-t'k_
xung-t'ung-S.
NOGAU+ AUKWE
net
Nogau+ Aukwe
l'khau-l'en
!kung-N. comprising 2 dialects
Namibia (Grootfontein)
!k_ comprising 2 dialects
Namibia (Grootfontein)*
!kung-S. comprising 2 dialects
Namibia (Gobabis)
Kung-Gobabis, kaukau, koko
Namibia; Angola; Botswana Υ
3
//kh'au-//'e, //k'au-//en, //kh'au-//en, //au-//e_, //au-//en, x'au-//esi, ≠au//e_
Namibia (Ovamboland); Angola;
Botswana
3
au-kwe*
au-san*
no-gau
//aukwe, /aukwe comprising 3 dialects
Namibia; Botswana
2*
Namibia
1*
Namibia
0*
09-AAA-aa
09-AAA-ab
09-AAA-ac
09-AB
09-ABA
q'o-q'xung-N.
Angola (Huila)
Angola (Huila)
Angola (Huila)
KUNG-WEST
!x_, !k_, !h_, qx_, !kung, !khung, kung-ekoka, ekoka-!xü
Angola (Huila); Namibia
(Ovamboland; Grootfontein;
Tsumeb); Botswana (North West)
3
Υ
09-ABA-ae
09-ABA-af
09-ABB
09-ABB-a
09-ABB-aa
09-ABB-ab
09-ABB-ac
09-ABB-ad
hei//um
a-gau ¶presumed extinct
(Huila); (Ovamboland; Tsumeb)
4= EURASIA geosector
Observatoire Linguistique
Linguasphere Observatory
page 79
09-ABC-a
ZHU+ HOÃ net
Zhu
kung-tsumkwe, x_, xun, tshumkwe
Namibia (Grootfontein); Angola
(Huila); Botswana (Ghansi;
Kweneng) Υ
09-ABC-aa
zhu-hoa
zhu-/hoa, dzhu-/'oa
Namibia (Grootfontein); Angola
(Huila)
09-ABC-ab
zhu-oase
zhu-/oase, ju'oasi, zhu'oasi, dzu'oasi, zu-hoasi, zu-/'hoasi, dzhu-/'oasi,
ssu-ghassi, zhu'oase comprising 2 dialects
Namibia (Grootfontein)
09-ABC-b
Hoã
hoã
09-ABC
09-ABC-ba
Botswana (Ghansi; Kweneng)
hüa, hua-E.
3
2*
Botswana (Ghansi; Kweneng)
C'QWI+ NC'USAN
set
C'QWI+ NC'USAN
chain
C'QWI+ NC'USAN
net
C'qwi+ C'ngamani*
XONG, ta'a, part of "khoisan"-S. hypothesis
Xong-E.
Botswana (Ghanzi; Kgalagadi;
Ngwakets); Namibia (Gobabis;
Gibeon); SouthAfrica (Northern
Cape) Υ
c'gwi
q'xony-E.
/gwi
Botswana (Ghanzi)
!xony-a-ã, !xõ-E., !xon, !xong, !kõ, !ku, !khong, koon, gxon, ma-gong,
ma-gon, //nõ, ge, !khonya
Botswana (Ghanzi; Kgalagadi)
_kha
Botswana (Kgalagadi; Ghanzi)
hua, /h_a, /h_, /hua-_wani, hua-W.
Botswana (Kgalagadi)
09-BAA-af
p'kha
c'hua-p'wani
tyoro
l'nah
//nah
Botswana (Ghanzi; Kgalagadi);
Namibia (Gobabis; Gibeon) frontier
09-BAA-ag
p'ha
_ha, _a
Botswana (Ghanzi; Kgalagadi);
Namibia (Gobabis; Gibeon) frontier
09-BAA-ah
c'ngamani
/ngamani, ng/amani, /ngamasa, /namani, n/amani
Namibia (Gibeon); Botswana
(Kgalagadi); frontier
09-BAA-ai
tsha, tsase, tshase
Botswana (Kweneng…)
Xong-W.
Namibia; Botswana Υ
!xony-a-ã-W., aminuis !xõ, !xõ-W., kongowa !xõ
Namibia (Gobabis)
!gao-kx'a, !gao-kx'ate
Namibia (Gibeon)
!kõ, naosanabis kong
Namibia
09-BAA-bd
tsha-si
Nc'u-san+ Q'kong*
q'xony-W.
q'gao-kx'a
q'kong
nc'u-l'en
ng/u//en, /nu//'en, n/u//ℜin, n/hu//e_, //u//en, nu//en, /u//ℜin, ng/u/ei,
koon 2
Namibia (Gobabis; Gibeon)
09-BAA-be
nc'u-san
ngu-san, nu-san, nuusan, n/husi, noosan, ng/usan
Botswana (Ghanzi); Namibia
(Gobabis) frontier
09-BAA-bf
nc'u-mde
n'/ngumde, n'/umde
Botswana (Kgalagadi); also
Namibia (Gibeon)
09-BAA-bg
nl'ahnsa
09-BAA-bga
tuu-nl'ahnsa
09-BAA-bgb
lala
09-BAA-bgc
owa
09-BAA-bgd
l'naheh
//'naheh
(Kgalagadi) and/or (Gobabis)
09-BAA-bh
l'gui
q'ama
q'ohju
//gui
Botswana and/or Namibia
ãma, !ama
Botswana
!ohdzhu, !ohju
Botswana (Ghanzi; Kgalagadi);
Namibia (Gobabis; Gibeon) frontier
ükate, üka, 'üka-te
Botswana and/or Namibia
09-BAA-bm
unka-te
l'oal'ei
kic'hazi+ kakia
09-BAA-bma
kic'hazi
ki/hazi
Namibia
09-BAA-bmb
kakia
khakea, khakhea, 'masarwa' (=[99] Tswana: «bushmen»)
Botswana (Kgalagadi; Ngwakets;
Kweneng)
2
09-BAA-bn
t'atia
≠atia, khatia, kattea, katia, xatia, /kusi, ≠ei-kusi, vaalpens, ≠kℜ≠kℜ
formerly Namibia
0
09-B
09-BA
09-BAA
09-BAA-a
09-BAA-aa
09-BAA-ab
09-BAA-ac
09-BAA-ad
09-BAA-ae
09-BAA-b
09-BAA-ba
09-BAA-bb
09-BAA-bc
09-BAA-bi
09-BAA-bj
09-BAA-bk
09-BAA-bl
3
3
Botswana (Kgalagadi; Ngwakets)
3*
Botswana (Kgalagadi); Namibia
(Gobabis)
nl'ahnsa "proper", tuu-ngahnsa, tuu-'ongahnsa, l'ngahmsa, nbahmsa
(Kgalagadi); (Gobabis)
(Kgalagadi); (Gobabis) frontier
(Kgalagadi) and/or (Gobabis)
//oa//ℜ_
Namibia; Botswana (Kgalagadi;
Ngwakets; Kweneng)
¶extinct
2
page 80
The Linguasphere Register
1999 / 2000 edition
NC'HU+ L'KUL'E set
NC'HU+
'VASEKELA' chain
NC'HU+ C'AUNI net
Nc'hu+ C'auni
Q'WI, !wi; part of "khoisan"-S. hypothesis
¶presumed extinct
formerly South Africa (Northern
Cape); Botswana (Kgalagadi);
Namibia (Gibeon) Υ
nc'hu-ki-A.
t'khomani
ng/huki "proper", nhuki, nghuki, /nguhci, n/huci, ng'huki
South Africa
≠khomani
South Africa (Northern Cape);
Botswana (Kgalagadi)
l'khau
nl'-t'ke
c'auni
//kxau, //khau
South Africa
//ng-!ke, ng//-/e, //ng, //ng-/ke, ng//-≠e
South Africa
/'auni, /'auo, /auni, /auo
Botswana (Kgalagadi); Namibia
(Gibeon); SouthAfrica (Northern
Cape) frontier
kic'hasi
t'kaurure-nl'ai
nc'usa
'VASEKELA' net
'Vasekela'*
'vasekela'
L'KUL'E+ Q'ÃNQ'E*
chain
L'KUL'E+ Q'ÃNQ'E
net
L'kul'e+ Q'ãnq'e*
ki/hazi, ki/hasi
Namibia
≠kaurure-//nai
Namibia
/nusa, nusan, ng/usan, nu-san, noosan
Namibia
¶extinct
Namibia
vasekela-'bushman'
Namibia
¶extinct
formerly Lesotho; South Africa
(Orange Free State; KwazuluNatal) Υ
0
l'kul'e
'boshof'
'qacha's-neck'
q'ãnq'e
//k_-//'e, //ku//e
South Africa (Orange Free State)
0
⊕Boshof
South Africa (Orange Free State)
0
⊕Qacha's Neck
Lesotho
0
!gã!nge, !gã!ne, lesotho-'bushman'
Lesotho; South Africa (KwazuluNatal)
0
BUSHMAN-EAST, 'ama-busman', ba-twa, aba-thwa, ba-roa, part of
"khoisan-S." hypothesis
09-DAA-aa
L'XEGWI+ L'XOGWI
set
L'XEGWI+ L'XOGWI
chain
L'XEGWI+ L'XOGWI
net
L'xegwi+ L'xogwi
l'xegwi-A.
09-DAA-ab
09-E
09-C
09-CA
09-CAA
09-CAA-a
09-CAA-aa
09-CAA-ab
09-CAA-ac
09-CAA-ad
09-CAA-ae
09-CAA-af
09-CAA-ag
09-CAA-ah
09-CAB
09-CAB-a
09-CAB-aa
09-CB
09-CBA
09-CBA-a
09-CBA-aa
09-CBA-ab
09-CBA-ac
09-CBA-ad
09-D
09-DA
09-DAA
ι
ι
ng/huki
ι
0*
ι
0*
0
ι
SEROA
ι
ι
ι
¶presumed extinct (few dozen speakers in 1950's) ⊕Vaal upper valley
South Africa (Eastern Transvaal)
0*
//xegwi, //xegwe, //xekwi, //kxigwi, ki-//kxigwi, //kxegwi, //khegwi, gi//kxigwi, kxigwi, klegwi, khegwi, n-kqeshe, u-kqashe, kl'egwi, amankgqwigqwi
South Africa (Eastern Transvaal)
0
l'xogwi
//xogwi, kloukle, kxloukxle, tloue, tloutle, lxloukxle
South Africa (Eastern Transvaal)
part of "khoisan"-S. hypothesis
09-EAA-a
C'XAM+ 'KATKOP'*
notional set
C'XAM+ 'KATKOP'
chain
C'XAM+ 'KATKOP'
net
C'xam*
¶extinct
formerly South Africa (Northern
Cape)
0
09-EAA-aa
c'xam-t'ke
/xam, /kham, /kham-ka-!k'e, /kam-ka!e-!ka, /xam-ka!-ka, /xam-ka-!k'e,
/kam-ka-!ka
South Africa (Northern Cape)
0
09-EAA-b
'Katkop'
¶extinct
formerly South Africa (Northern
Cape)
0
09-EAA-ba
'katkop'
'Strontbergen'
⊕Katkop hills
South Africa (Northern Cape)
0
09-EAA-c
¶extinct
formerly South Africa (Northern
Cape)
0
09-EAA-ca
'strontbergen'
South Africa (Northern Cape)
0
09-DAA-a
09-EA
09-EAA
0
ι
ι
ι
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