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BRITISH STANDARD
Destructive tests on welds in
metallic materials Ð
Fracture tests
The European Standard EN 1320 : 1996 has the status of a
British Standard
NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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BS EN
1320 : 1997
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BS EN 1320 : 1997
Committees responsible for this
British Standard
The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee
WEE/2, upon which the following bodies were represented:
Association of Consulting Scientists
British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd.
British Iron and Steel Producers' Association
Electricity Association
Health and Safety Executive
Institution of Structural Engineers
Lloyd's Register of Shipping
Ministry of Defence
Power Generation Contractors' Association (PGCA) (BEAMA Ltd.)
Welding Institute
Welding Manufacturers' Association (BEAMA Ltd.)
This British Standard, having
been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering
Sector Board, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes into
effect on 15 March 1997
 BSI 1997
Amendments issued since publication
Amd. No.
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference WEE/2
Draft for comment 94/702552 DC
ISBN 0 580 27082 3
Date
Text affected
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BS EN 1320 : 1997
Contents
Committees responsible
National foreword
Foreword
Text of EN 1320
 BSI 1997
Page
Inside front cover
ii
2
3
i
BS EN 1320 : 1997
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National foreword
This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee WEE/2 and is the
English language version of EN 1320 : 1996 Destructive tests on welds in metallic
materials Ð Fracture test, published by the European Committee for Standardization
(CEN).
EN 1320 : 1996 was produced as a result of international discussions in which the
United Kingdom took an active part.
BS EN 1320 : 1996 supersedes tests detailed in BS 709 : 1983, BS 4206 : 1987 and
BS 3451 : 1973 which have been withdrawn by amendment.
Cross-references
Publication referred to
Corresponding British Standard
EN 970
BS EN 970 Welding Ð Visual examination of fusion welded
joints
BS EN 25817 : 1992 Arc-welded joints in steel Ð Guidance
on quality levels for imperfections
BS EN 30042 : 1994 Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its
weldable alloys Ð Guidance on quality levels for
imperfections
EN 25817
EN 30042
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN
title page, pages 2 to 12 an inside back cover and a back cover.
ii
 BSI 1997
EN 1320
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPEÂENNE
EUROPAÈISCHE NORM
October 1996
ICS 25.160.40
Descriptors: Welded joints, metals, fusion welding, butt welds, fillet welds, tests, texture, defects, visual examination, test specimen,
designation
English version
Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials Ð
Fracture test
Essais destructifs des soudures sur mateÂriaux
meÂtalliques Ð Essai de texture
ZerstoÈrende PruÈfung von Schweiûverbindungen an
metallischen Werkstoffen Ð BruchpruÈfung
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1996-09-27. CEN members are
bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard
without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards
may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite EuropeÂen de Normalisation
EuropaÈisches Komitee fuÈr Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels
 1996 Copyright reserved to CEN members
Ref. No. EN 1320 : 1996 E
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Page 2
EN 1320 : 1996
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by
Technical Committee CEN/TC 121, Welding,
the Secretariat of which is held by DS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a
national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 1997, and
conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by April 1997.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations,
the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European
Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Contents
Page
Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Definitions
4 Principle
5 Denominations and symbols
6 Dimensions of test pieces
7 Removal of test specimens
8 Test procedure
9 Test result
10 Test report
Annex
A (informative) Test report
3
3
3
4
4
6
9
12
15
15
16
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Page 3
EN 1320 : 1996
1 Scope
3 Definitions
This European Standard specifies the sizes of test
specimen and the procedures for carrying out fracture
tests in order to obtain information about types, sizes
and distribution of internal imperfections such as
porosity, cracks, lack of fusion, lack of penetration and
solid inclusions on the fracture surface.
This European Standard applies to metallic materials in
all forms of product, with joints made by any fusion
welding process with a thickness greater than or equal
to 2 mm.
This European Standard is used if required by the
application standard, or by the agreement between the
contracting parties.
For the purposes of this standard, the following
definitions apply.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or
undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the
appropriate places in the text and the publications are
listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent
amendments to or revisions of any of these
publications apply to this European Standard only
when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For
undated references the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies.
prEN 970
EN 25817
EN 30042
Non-destructive examination of
fusion welds Ð Visual examination
Arc-welded joints in steel Ð
Guidance on quality levels for
imperfections (ISO 5817 : 1992)
Arc-welded joints in aluminium
and its weldable alloys Ð Guidance
on quality levels for imperfections
(ISO 10042 : 1992)
3.1 examination length (Lf)
Length of the test specimen measured along the weld
axis between any side notches (see figure 6).
3.2 total examination length (SLf)
Sum of the lengths of all the test specimens composing
the test piece, measured along the weld axis, of the
fracture faces between the side notches of the test
specimens (see figure 6).
3.3 examination thickness (af)
Thickness of the fracture area for each test specimen
(see figures 7 and 8).
3.4 examination area (Af)
Product of the examination length and the examination
thickness for each test specimen.
3.5 total examination area (∑Af)
Sum of all examination areas.
4 Principle
Fracture the joint through the weld metal in order to
examine the fracture surface. The fracture can be
induced by bending or tension, static or dynamic
loading. Furthermore, notch dimensions and
temperature can be varied to induce the fracture.
Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out
at ambient temperature (23 ± 5) ÊC.
5 Denominations and symbols
The denominations and symbols to be used for
fracture tests are specified in table 1 and represented in
figures 5 to 8.
Normally, it is sufficient to give the basic
denomination, but for special application, additional
denominations about the notching and test method can
be requested.
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Page 4
EN 1320 : 1996
Table 1 Denominations and symbols
Denomination
Symbol
Unit
Butt weld
Fillet weld
BW
FW
Ð
Ð
Test specimen and test piece
- Examination length
- Examination thickness
- Examination area
- Area of imperfections
Lf
af
Af
Ai
mm
mm
mm2
mm2
Side notch
- square (q)
- round (r)
- sharp (s)
S
Sq
Sr
Ss
Ð
Ð
Ð
Longitudinal notch
- Face notch
- square (q)
- round (r)
- sharp (s)
- Root notch
- square (q)
- round (r)
- sharp (s)
F
Fq
Fr
Fs
R
Rq
Rr
Rs
Ð
Ð
Ð
Ð
Ð
Ð
Ð
Ð
EXAMPLE 1: Test specimen taken from a fillet weld
with an examination length of 40 mm and examination
thickness of 10 mm.
± without any requirement about notching and test
method:
Basic denomination: FW / Lf 3 af;
EXAMPLE: FW / 40 3 10.
± with additional requirement (square face notching
and test method):
Comprehensive denomination:
FW / Lf 3 af / Fq / Figure 8;
EXAMPLE: FW / 40 3 10 / Fq / Figure 8.
EXAMPLE 2: Test specimen taken from a butt weld
with an examination length of 40 mm and examination
thickness of 10 mm.
± without any requirement about notching and test
method:
Basic denomination: BW / Lf 3 af;
EXAMPLE: BW / 40 3 10.
± with additional requirement (round side notching
and test method):
Comprehensive denomination:
BW / Lf 3 af / Sr / Figure 6;
EXAMPLE: BW / 40 3 10 / Sr / Figure 6.
6 Dimensions of test pieces
Unless otherwise specified by the application standard
or by agreement between the contracting parties, test
piece dimensions shall be in accordance with
figures 1 to 4. The test piece shall provide sufficient test
specimens for the required total examination length
(SLf) and area (SAf).
NOTE. *$ 150 mm for materials of high thermal conductivity (e.g. aluminium and copper).
t is the thickness of the test piece.
All dimensions are in millimetres
Figure 1. Test piece for butt welds in plate
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Page 5
EN 1320 : 1996
NOTE. * $ 150 mm for materials of high thermal conductivity
(e.g. aluminium and copper).
t is the thickness of the test piece.
All dimensions are in millimetres
Figure 2. Test piece for butt welds in pipe
l1 ≈ l2
l1 $ (D + 100)
l2 $ (D + 100)
NOTE. * $ 150 mm for materials of high thermal conductivity (e.g. aluminium and copper).
t1, t2 are the thicknesses of the test piece.
All dimensions are in millimetres
Figure 3. Test piece for fillet welds on plate
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Page 6
EN 1320 : 1996
NOTE. * $ 150 mm for materials of high thermal conductivity
(e.g. aluminium and copper).
t1, t2 are the thicknesses of the test piece.
l1, l2 are the lengths of the test piece.
All dimensions are in millimetres
Figure 4. Test piece for fillet welds on pipe
7 Removal of test specimens
7.1 General
The examination length (Lf) and area (Af), and the
number of test specimens shall be specified by the
application standard or by agreement between the
contracting parties. Welded joints in plates shall be cut
transversely to the welded joint into test specimens
including approximately equal weld length. The weld
axis shall remain in the middle of the test specimen for
butt welds.
Unless otherwise specified in the application standard
for welded joints in pipe or by agreement between the
contracting parties, the test piece shall provide at least
two test specimens.
When testing in bending, equal numbers of specimens
shall be tested with the root in tension and the face in
tension. If the pipe diameter is too small for removing
the required number of test specimens, additional test
pieces shall be welded.
7.2 Marking
Each test piece shall be marked to identify its exact
location in the manufactured product or in the joints
from which it has been removed.
When removed from the test piece, each test specimen
shall be marked.
7.3 Extraction
7.3.1 General
The extraction method shall avoid the introduction of
detrimental thermal or mechanical effects.
In general, 25 mm from both ends of the test welds
shall be discarded, unless information about the ends
of the welds is required (e.g. start/stop imperfections).
7.3.2 Steels
The test specimens shall be cut by thermal cutting or
by mechanical means.
7.3.3 Other metallic materials
Other metallic materials shall only be cut mechanically.
7.4 Preparation
Fracture of welds in plates or pipes may be assisted by
one or more of the following:
± removing the weld reinforcement;
± notching both edges of the weld (side notching);
± notching into the reinforcement (longitudinal
notching).
Depending on the ductility of the weld metal square,
round or sharp notches may be used (see
figures 5, 6, 7 and 8). For materials of high ductility (e.g.
aluminium and copper), sharp notches may be
recommended.
The depth of the notches shall be sufficient to induce
fracture in the weld.
Unless otherwise specified by the application standard
or by agreement between the contracting parties, the
notch depth should be such that:
± for the side notch, the examination length Lf shall
be greater than or equal to 70 % of the original width
of the test specimen, w (see figure 6), or the total
examination length, SLf, shall be greater than or
equal to 60 % of the length of the test specimen;
± for the longitudinal notch, the examination
thickness, af, shall be greater than or equal to 80 %
of the original thickness of the test specimen, t
(see figure 7).
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Page 7
EN 1320 : 1996
Figure 5. Notch profiles
NOTE. Full line for plates - chain dotted
line for pipes.
Figure 6. Side notches
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Page 8
EN 1320 : 1996
Figure 7a. Face notch
Figure 7b. Root notch
NOTE. Full line for plates - chain dotted line for pipes.
Figure 7. Longitudinal notches in butt welds
Figure 8. Longitudinal notch in fillet welds
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Page 9
EN 1320 : 1996
8 Test procedure
8.1 Butt welds
8.1.1 General
Fracture tests may be carried out by:
± dynamic strokes, e.g. with a hammer (see
figures 9a, 9b and 9c);
± applying a load by pressing in a vice, bending
machine or workshop press (see figures 9d, 9e
and 9f);
± applying a load by tension (see figure 9g).
For ductile materials, it should be useful to have a
minimum distance between the notch and the jaws of
the clamping device (see figure 9c).
For some materials, it may be useful to test at a low
temperature to initiate fracture.
8.1.2 Thin material
For fracturing thin welded joints alternating bending
may be necessary. The limit depends on the ductility of
the material. It shall be carried out by pressing the test
specimen in the jaws close to the notch. If no fracture
occurs, straightening and repeated bending shall follow.
Tension testing (see figure 9g) may also be used
instead of bending. Striking with a hammer is not
recommended for fracture tests on thin materials.
8.1.3 Thick material
Thicker materials may be fractured by hammer
strokes.
When a bending machine is used, the diameter of the
former shall be chosen in such a way that the fracture
occurs without the need for alternating bending.
Bending may be carried out either with the weld
perpendicular or transverse to the direction of the
applied force according to figures 9c to 9f. The lowest
limit for the test for aluminium is approximately 8 mm
thickness.
8.2 Fillet welds
Test methods are similar to those for butt welds (see
8.1), except that tension testing is not possible.
Examples are given in figure 10.
8.3 Special recommendations for ductile weld
metals
For ductile weld metals such as austenitic steels,
aluminium, copper, nickel and their alloys, it may be
necessary to restrict the thickness of the test specimen
and the throat thickness, increase the width of the
notch, decrease the radius of the notch and increase
the severity (stroke loading, hammer loading) of the
test, if fracture is required in the weld metal.
For ductile weld metals such as ferritic steel, it may be
necessary to cool the test specimen.
9 Test result
The fracture surface shall be examined visually in
accordance with prEN 970. For clear detection and
identification of imperfections, a low magnifying glass
(up to five times) may be used.
A full description of the appearance of the fracture
surface and the type and location of any imperfection
present shall be reported. It shall be stated that the
quality has been evaluated in accordance with
EN 25817 or EN 30042. The quality level is specified by
the application standard or by agreement between the
contracting parties.
10 Test report
The test report shall contain:
± reference to this European Standard;
± identification of test specimen;
± specimen denomination in accordance with table 1;
± records of types, locations and sizes of all
unacceptable imperfections in accordance with the
relevant quality level.
An example of a typical test report is given in annex A.
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Page 10
EN 1320 : 1996
Figure 9a
Figure 9b
Figure 9c
Figure 9d
Figure 9e
Figure 9f
Figure 9g
Figure 9 Examples of test methods for butt welds (BW) (notches according to figures 5 to 7)
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Page 11
EN 1320 : 1996
Figure 10a
Figure 10b
Figure 10c
Figure 10. Examples of test methods for fillet welds (FW) (notches according to
figures 5 and 8)
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Page 12
EN 1320 : 1996
Annex A (informative)
Test report
No .......................
According to
According to
WPS ................................................
test result `fracture test'
test result ` .................................... '
Manufacturer:
Purpose of the examination:
Form of product:
Parent metal:
Consumable:
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
........................................................
Denomination of test piece:
Table A.1 Fracture test in accordance with EN 1320
Test specimen
Denomination
Results
Type and size of
imperfections
Quality level
Examiner or examining body:
Certified by:
.......................................................
(name, date and signature)
.............................................
(name, date and signature)
blank
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