CRITIQUE PAPER
HEALTH PROGRAM
(HIV, AIDS AND STI PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROGRAM)
The Department of Health's (DOH) National HIV, AIDS, and STI Prevention and Control
Program (NASPCP) is in charge of leading the various health services in HIV transmission
prevention. Moored with the NASPCP, different HIV projects of DOH's chosen accomplices,
foundations and associations inside the NCR ceaselessly exist. Nonetheless, because of the
increment in the quantity of recently analyzed HIV cases in the nation, guaranteeing its
maintainability through evaluating the various areas of their program was deprived of being
examined. The eight domains of environmental support, funding stability, partnerships,
organizational capacity, program evaluation, program adaptation, communications, and strategic
planning were the focus of the undergraduate thesis study that provided the basis for this article.
This study aimed to assess the sustainability capacity of HIV programs among DOH's selected
partner institutions and organizations in NCR, Philippines. The research employed a quantitative
method. Thirteen non-governmental HIV-related organizations and 17 government institutions,
specifically city health offices, were among the 30 respondents.
The standard program sustainability assessment tool, which was adapted from
Washington University in St. Louis, was used in the survey method. According to the study's
findings, all domains were generally leaning toward either interpretation to a greater or lesser
extent. In conclusion, the HIV programs of the respondents were sustainable in all domains.
However, the study recommended the developed and proposed narrative-type action plan to the
DOH and all HIV program implementers. That way, future researchers can check to see if the
NCR fulfilled the Health Sector Plan for HIV and STIs goal of zero new infections, zero
discrimination, and zero AIDS-related deaths from 2015 to 2020.
This program aims to eradicate HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases in the
Philippines. This program stopped the immune virus and kept many people safe. According to
the article I've read, it's a local take on the WHO's 2016 recommendations for using antiretroviral
medications to treat and prevent HIV infection. This program is exceptionally useful on the
grounds that it assists the family with monitoring the immuno infection. It additionally helps the
minorities and distant to be taught in these sorts of infections and sicknesses. This program has
also assisted those who are already afflicted with these diseases in living normal lives and
prolonging their lives through the use of medications. According to those medications, a
pregnant woman infected with the virus cannot pass it on to her unborn child. This program is
really successful because it helps millions of people, even at a young age, learn about and avoid
viruses.
It is critical to take note of that worldwide, consistently, almost 1,000,000 individuals gain
STI including HIV. Acute symptoms, persistent infection, and serious delayed consequences like
infertility, ectopic pregnancies, cervical cancer, and premature infant and adult death are all
consequences of infection. The risk of contracting or transferring HIV is greatly increased when
a person has other STIs, whether they are ulcerative or non-ulcerative, such as syphilis,
chancroid ulcers, or genital herpes simplex virus infection.
New examination proposes a particularly strong association between early HIV disease and
other STIs. HIV transmissions could be attributable to this interaction for as much as 40%.
Interventions that prevent and control STIs will have a significant impact on the control and
decline of new HIV cases as a result of this significant relationship.
CRITIQUE PAPER
EDUCATION PROGRAM
(Alternative Learning System-Education Skills and Training)
The fundamental tenet of the Alternative Learning System (ALS) is that education can take place
in a variety of settings, environments, and structures. Sadly, ALS is stigmatized as a second-rate,
subpar, or ineffective learning strategy. Consequently, this study intended to assess the execution
of the ALS in the Division of City Schools in NCR. This study included 81 responses from
respondents. The descriptive-evaluative quantitative research design was used in this study. The
method for determining the number of samples was the purposeful type of sampling. The 5-point
Likert Scale was used in the self-created questionnaire that the researcher used. The majority of
respondents were female, between the ages of 46 and 50, had worked for one to five years, had
earned master's units in education, and were primarily instructional managers, according to the
findings. Advance Elementary and Secondary Level, Accreditation and Equivalency Program,
and Basic Literacy Program were the ALS programs that were implemented as part of the
Functional Literacy programs. The ALS Programs were delivered by ALS Implementers through
group discussion. The community's acceptance of the ALS Program and Activities was
constantly evaluated and followed up on. The respondents reported issues with inadequate
funding, non-functional equipment, cramped and poorly ventilated classrooms, and insufficient
resources for the ALS Program, such as modules. As a result, the Department of Education's
Bureau of Alternative Learning System Division must investigate the issues that ALS
Implementers in each Division of City Schools encounter.
Through this program in education Students can complete their basic education in a manner that
best suits their particular circumstances and requirements thanks to ALS, a practical alternative
to formal education. Learning can take place at any time and in any location under this adaptable
program, depending on the learners' convenience and availability. After completing the ALS
program, students are considered secondary school graduates and may enroll in Senior High
School. Adults who want to finish their primary and secondary education are eligible to enroll in
the Alternative Learning System (ALS). To manage the classes, we have dedicated and skilled
Instructional Managers.
Short-term educational activities that cater to the unique requirements and interests of
working-class and street children are the primary focus of this program. It intends to employ
active learning approaches and strategies for life skills with the goal of developing and
enhancing personal, social, civic, aesthetic, cultural, recreational, and physical development. The
learning materials and packages may be created, adopted, or adapted, or they may be gathered
from other sources and adapted to meet the users' identified requirements.
The knowledge, skills, and competencies that students should acquire in order to meet the
minimum requirements of basic education are reflected in the ALS Curriculum. It is comparable
to the established curriculum for schools. The ALS Curriculum serves as the basis for the
teaching and learning procedures and resources.
CRITIQUE PAPER
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM
(SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT)
Only nine percent of plastic waste was recycled and reused in 65 years, 12 percent was burned,
and the remaining 79 percent has built up in landfills or gone elsewhere in the environment. The
remaining 79 percent of plastic waste can be statistically recycled in more than five hundred
years. The growing population and limited supply of building and construction materials result in
high costs. To address this, the utilization of strong squanders for the assembling of blocks and
other structure materials is an ideal methodology towards handling the difficulties of dealing
with side-effects as well as streamlining the creation cost of development materials. As a
consequence of this, plastic bottles, containers, and bags are adaptable and possess a number of
properties, including good versatility, hardness, lightness, resistance to chemicals, water, and
impact, as well as the ability to be heated and reshaped into a building material. As a result, the
possibility of replacing costly building materials with non-hazardous wastes like plastic waste,
glass bottles, and solid-industrial wastes in the production of high-quality sand brick is briefly
examined in this review. This paper is likewise pointed toward instructing the designing public
and experts on the significance and need of waste administration, reuse and reusing and
furthermore mindfulness on the advantages of moderating our current circumstance through the
reuse and use of waste inside it. The review helps to identify the various waste types that could
be used in construction, as well as a number of important research factors and criteria that could
help choose which waste type to use and make sure it can be used in a variety of value-adding
applications. The accumulation of such wastes causes an issue for the environment frequently
due to chemicals that the ecosystem is not accustomed to. These have an effect on how it works,
which could have an impact on the biosphere's stability globally. Each year, there is more
information available on the production, disposal, and management of solid waste. This critique
paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the generation, disposal, and management of
solid waste.
It is anticipated that the amount of waste in the Philippines will continue to rise in the years to
come. As explored, related issues with strong waste administration in the nation incorporate a
rising measure of strong waste, frail regulation execution, shortage of sterile landfills, and
ill-advised removal.
In order to ensure a sustainable future for today's globalized society, this critical issue, which
poses a threat to both the environment and human civilization, merits investigation. However,
there are not many studies that evaluate the effectiveness of the waste industry, particularly in
developing nations. The extensive arrangements of writing surveys about the financial execution
of the waste areas are introduced in this scrutinized paper.
CRITIQUE PAPER
AGRICULTURAL PROGRAM
( Farming Advancements in Philippines )
Despite the fact that agriculture occupies fifty percent of the Philippines' land and that one in
every two people are farmers, we continue to import agricultural goods. The lack of support from
our government, capitalism, land reform, irrigation, farm-to-market roads, and other factors keep
the majority of our farmers in poverty. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on
the lands of farmers leads to poor harvests. I spent my childhood in a Cordilleran village where
farming is the primary means of subsistence. Except for a rough road connecting the Barrio to
the town and electric power, the location has not changed in fifty years. Sustainable farming
solutions are now available thanks to new farming technologies and research. We support
organic farming because it helps protect our environment from pollution, increases crop yields,
and saves money on inorganic fertilizer and pesticides. We refer to them as soil solutions.
Climate change is predicted to further reduce global agricultural production by 10-20% by 2050,
while food demand will rise by 70%, making it more important than ever to make use of
technology to boost farm incomes and yields.
Agriculture is fading away. The country's sad reality is this. Industrial areas, shopping malls, and
subdivisions are taking over agricultural land. Farmers are getting older, and their children have
switched careers. Since ancient times, the agriculture industry has not developed. Many of our
agricultural schools train people who prefer to work in an office and would rather do paperwork
than help our country's agricultural sector grow. Moreover, there are numerous circulating
rumors of corruption within the Department of Agriculture. Before I get into the specifics of each
farming point of view, I'll outline the prerequisites: using upgraded groupings and hybrid
advancements is one incredible approachto extend ranch creation. In accordance with the
established and ongoing research conducted by Dr. William Dar of InangLupa, improved
varieties and advancements can produce yields that exceed national yields by as much as 300
percent. For instance, the national average for rice and corn is 4 tons per hectare, whereas the
enhanced and mixture assortments for the two crops average 7-8 tons per hectare. The national
average for coconut nuts is 45 per year, which is extremely low when compared to 60-150 nuts
per year for improved and hybrid varieties. However, shouldn't the primary focus of farming in
the Philippines be on the rice, corn, and coconut that are planted in more than 80% of farms?
Why not differentiate between more productive crops?When I state enhancement, I don't mean
we give up rice, corn, or even coconut creation; On lands where rice farming is least productive,
we should plant high-value agriculture and switch to multi-cropping frameworks. Specifically,
less useful upland and rainfed swamprice homesteads will be changed over to the creation of
higher worth of vegetables, natural products, ornamentals and modern tree crops like espresso,
oil palm, elastic, cacao, and half and cross breed coconuts. In the meantime, in extremely
productive irrigated rice grounds, further production intensification and mechanization should be
implemented to reduce costs.
However, the shift to high-value agriculture ought to guarantee farmers that they will also benefit
financially, as traders and processors frequently earn significantly more than farmers in the
Philippines. The IMOD framework takes on greater significance at this point. Inclusionary
Market-Oriented Development (IMOD), in which farmers' real needs and preferences are taken
into account, Products and services that make use of the market's power are the subject of
research; and the long-term continuum of research-for-development is acknowledged.
Additionally, there are four key words in IMOD: development, comprehensiveness; markets; and
adaptability. Innovation occurs when farmers cultivate additional crops that can be processed
into additional finished goods and create additional products from raw farm produce. Making
sure that farmers get a fair share of the benefits of production is inclusive. This can be
accomplished by farmers forming groups or organizations to pool their resources and adopt
mechanization and other farming technologies to maximize production. All the more critically,
the associations or gatherings can become productive business substances that canhave a more
grounded bartering power while managing processors and merchants. However, farmers should
be connected to both domestic and international markets for raw and processed goods in order to
increase their income. Additionally, farmers should be assisted in avoiding the layers of
middlemen whenever possible. Eventually, organized farmers with higher incomes can adopt
measures to strengthen their farms' resistance to climate change. Resilience is paved over as a
result. They can take a number of steps, including investing in facilities like small water
impounding systems to ensure that water is still available during the dry season and planting cash
crops that prevent soil erosion and protect smaller and more susceptible crops from the wind.
Based on the experiences of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
(ICRISAT) and India's Department of Science and Technology, Agribusiness Incubation (ABI) is
a derivative of Technology Business Incubation (TBI) that is widely used in various industries
where there is an abundance of technologies and research and development (R&D). ABI is more
than just forming a business and producing technology; Innovation is the key to empowering
small-scale farmers. The components of ABI are as follows: Consulting in technology that
enables the institutions that are participating to identify or even develop the technologies that
farmers and stakeholders need to increase farm production or add value; limit building and
preparing to ensure ranchers and stakeholdersgain the necessary information on innovations and
how to run effectively a business enterprise;and admittance to financing that covers acknowledge
as well as conceivable capital mixture by participantsor investors. Additionally, ABI includes
business facilitation, which primarily entails connecting businesses to markets; and facilities,
which refer to the establishment of research and development centers for agricultural
technologies, physical facilities like classrooms for training farmers and stakeholders, and offices
for the lead agencies in the ABI project.
I learned that Dr. Nicomedes Eleazar's Bureau of Agricultural Research (BAR) in the
Department of Agriculture will soon establish an agribusiness incubation program.
Last but not least, national and international institutions need to establish incubators or entities
that will use technology and entrepreneurship to empower smallholder farmers and even
agribusiness companies. In order for institutions to become more relevant to the requirements of
smallholder farmers, they should also contribute to innovation. Public-private farmer alliances
for agricultural research would be a good first step. From what I've seen, the government's
research and development institutions typically take the "lead" in technology development.
Cooperation with the private sector is seen as inappropriate due to the private sector's profit
motive, while partnerships between R&D institutions and farmers have been limited.
Yet, I likewise accept privately owned businesses are keen on endeavor Research and
development drives with the government assuming the expectation is to help little holder
ranchers, as a matter of fact. Additionally, the private sector regards government R&D specialists
highly and would be eager to collaborate with them. Truth be told, numerous great Research and
development specialists in the confidential area began their vocations with a government
institution. By maximizing the utilization of innovations jointly owned with the private sector
and ensuring access to proprietary technologies and processes, all new partnerships must
eventually ensure that all stakeholders, particularly the poor, gain.
Advances can reach farmers more quickly and in a more systematic manner if researchers and
farmers form stronger partnerships. Up until this point, the customary augmentation model has
demonstrated to have weaknesses in making developments and, surprisingly, fundamental logical
examinations have arrived at the ranchers.
Why? Because the needs of smallholder farmers were never fully or partially understood from
the beginning of research activities, research and development results typically end up on shelves
of research institutions.