Fluid & Electrolytes HYPO HYPER Causes (135-145) Na Salt Soy sauce Pork Cott/amer Cheese Spinach Pickles (3.5-5.0) K Avocados Raisins Cantaloupe Bananas Skim milk Spinach (2.25-2.75) Ca Yogurt Cheese/milk Sardines Rhubarb (0.74-1.07) Mg A - Adrenal insufficiency I - Intoxication of water D - Diuretics S - SIADH S&S Causes Tachycardia Normo/↓/↑ BP Headache Personality change Weakness Hyperactive BS Seizures W - Weights daily A - Administer Iv hypertonic solutions I-I&O T -Thiazide diuretics G - GI loss (Vomiting) Tachydysrhythmias O – Osmotic Diuresis Ortho hypotension T – Thiazides and Loop Lethargy/fatigue diuretics BS, constipation S – Severe Acid Anorexia Imbalance Muscle weakness H - Hyperaldosteronism “U” waves on EKG O - Other meds such as Corticosteroids T- Transcellular Shift A- Assess EKG and ABG I - IV Potassium Chloride D - Diet: green leafy veggies M- medications Ace, spironolactone, NSAIDS A- Acidosis: metabolic and respiratory C- Cell destruction (burn, trauma, Injury) H- Hypoaldosteronism I- intake excess K N- nephrons/ renal failure E- excretion : impaired ***NEVER IV PUSH*** Hypotension Bradycardia Tingling Tetany muscle spasm Laryngospasm/stridor DTR, BS diarrhea + Trousseau sign + Chvostek sign D - Diuretics I - I&O C - Calcium channel blockers /Calcium Gluconate HYPO: seizures, tetany, anorexia, tachycardia, HTN, mood changes HYPER: DTR, N/V, bradycardia, hypotension, coma FOODS: spinach, avocado, tuna, oatmeal and milk Normo/↓ HR Normo/↓/↑ BP Irregular HR BS Thirst Restlessness Dyspnea Muscle weakness M - Monitor sodium intake/ Labs A - Alka-Seltzer, aspirin , and cough preps shouldn’t be administered G - gravity of urine monitoring I - I&O C - Cardiac monitoring D - Fluid deprivation I - IV hypertonic solution excess V - Vitamins “Sodium” supplement A - Amount of Na intake excess D - Diet, cheese, milk, soy sauce, salt, bacon, beef broth R - Restrict fluids and NPO A - Antibiotics C - Corticosteroids I - Insulin D - Diuretics S&S Bradydysrhythmias Tall “T” waves on EKG Cardiac arrest BS Diarrhea Paresthesias M - Monitor EKG D - Diet, limit green leafy veggies and avocado K - Kayexalate administration I - IV sodium Bicarb, Calcium Gluconate, D - Dialysis HDysrhythmias Hyperparathyroidism Pallor A - Antacids HTN M - Malignancies LOC Disorientation cancer cells release DTR excess ca+ BS, constipation F - sodium containing fluids I - IV phosphate L - Lasix M - Monitor Labs and I&O (2.5-4.5) Ph HYPO: muscle pain & weakness, bone pain, confusion HYPER: circomoral & peripheral parenthesis, muscle spasms, tetany FOODS: tuna, beef liver, pork, milk and yogurt.