Abstract
//
Keywords: D2D, Performance Analysis, Mode Selection, 5G
Title 1: Performance evaluation of interference mitigation technique for D2D communication in 5G
network
1. Introduction
In recent years, smart devices such as smart-phones & smart tablets including various instant
messaging applications are developed and extensible spread throughout the world and requires
high bandwidth, maximum capacity and low latency. Therefore, the wireless communications
have growth rapidly, and the number of smartphone users and their demands have increased
exponentially [Reference MSc 2015_4].
Due to, the increasing number of users, huge amount of data and the need for high data rate push
us towards to the evolution of cellular communication networks from the first generation (1G) to
the fifth generation (5G). The 1G introduced the first cell phone, 2G presented the first text
messages cell phone and 3G was the beginning of real browsing online and support real-time
application services to the mobile phone users with high-speed data. They continued to develop
the generation until reaching the 5G nowadays [2, Reference, Performance evaluation].
The 5G network is currently the most anticipated technology and it starts to change the human
lifestyle significantly. A lot of research, experiments and tests had been done to sort out how the
5G network is realized. Many new technologies are proposed and considered as the prospective
technologies for the 5G network. [5G and D2D]
One of the main technology solutions for enhancement of 5G network that started in the LTE is
Device-to-device (D2D) communications. D2D communication often refers to the technology
that allows user equipment (UE) to communicate with each other with or without the
involvement of network infrastructures such as an access point or base stations. D2D is
promising as it is used to make ultra-low latency communication possible [2]. By Compared with
other short-range wireless communication technique, D2D communication can improve the
system’s spectrum resource utilization, reduce the load of base stations, core networks and the
power consumption of UEs, as well as enhance the robustness of network infrastructures. It has
received much attention due to its potential to improve local service performance [research].
The D2D users can utilize unlicensed spectrum (out-of-band) or licensed spectrum (in-band).
Compared to out-of-band, in-band D2D can provide more quality of service guarantees [2],
which is more considered in this paper. In in-band D2D, there are three modes of operation for
the D2D users: (i) dedicated (or overlay) mode where D2D users are allocated dedicated
spectrum, (ii) reuse (or underlay) mode where D2D users reuse existing spectrum resources and
(iii) cellular mode where the D2D users are treated as normal cellular users and relay
communications through the MBS. From an operator perspective, determining the type of D2D
operation during mode selection (assuming that neighbor discovery has already been achieved
[8]) is a crucial initial decision by the network and an important research topic. In dedicated or
cellular mode, the fundamental research challenge is resource allocation. In the reuse mode, the
fundamental research challenge is interference management [Reference MSc 2015_10 Best].
Interference management is one of the most important challenges for D2D communication
enabled in cellular networks. It is preferred to deploy D2D communication in reuse mode to
enhance the spectral efficiency. However, this in return, gives rise to severe interference
management challenges since relative to cellular communication scenarios; the system requires
managing new interference situations. If the generated interference is not well controlled it
would deteriorate the potential benefits of D2D communication since the overall cellular
capacity and efficiency is degraded [Reference MSc 2015_7 Best].
In this work, I will investigate the performance of interference mitigation techniques for D2D
communication with various performance metrics. Figure 1.1 illustrates an overall view of D2D
communication in a cellular network.
Fig 1.1: A model of D2D communication in a cellular system.[5G and D2D]
2. Problem Statement
D2D communication has many benefits; however, there are considerable problems with its
incorporation into cellular networks. D2D communication underlying Cellular network enables
effective spectrum resource usage, but it struggles with D2D user interference. This dissertation
focuses on the issue of D2D users interfering with cellular users when they share the same
resources at the same time. Due to interference, increasing network capacity and maintaining
QoS for cellular and D2D users is still a challenge that has to be resolved, particularly when D2D
users are crowded underneath cellular users [Reference MSc 2015 2 Best]. Interference impedes
coverage, throughput, and capacity and limits the performance of both D2D and 5G systems [09chapter 1].
Therefore, interference management strategies are crucial in D2D communication to prevent the
deterioration of cellular networks. The most effective interference mitigation method is
examined in this thesis in terms of performance. I planned to model and empirically assess the
potential interference mitigation strategies. The performance comparison and evaluation of novel
tactics in the 5G network will benefit from the review of cutting-edge interference mitigation
techniques.
3. Questions
To address the problems identified in D2D communication, the research questions are
summarized as follows:
1. How to mitigate interference for D2D communication in 5G network?
2. What are the benefits of interference mitigation for D2D communication in 5G mobile
networks?
3. What interference management techniques in D2D communication are best for
minimizing interference?
4. How to simulate performance-based potential interference mitigation techniques?
4. Objectives
4.1.General Objective
The main objective of this thesis is analysis the performance of interference mitigation technique
for D2D communication in 5G network.
4.2.Specific Objectives

Presents existing literature on interference mitigation techniques implemented for D2D
communication in 5G networks and highlights performance advantages and
disadvantages.

Evaluate the performance of technique using distance, SINR and BER.

Simulate potential interference mitigation techniques using MATLAB simulation tools.
5. Literature Review
Most researchers have studied and proposed many interference mitigation techniques for D2D
communication in cellular network such as power control (PC), resource allocation (RA), radio
resource allocation (RRA), Mode selection (MS), joint PC & RRA, etc., and their working
principles are completely different. However, no work has been proposed on comparing the
performance of interference mitigation techniques for D2D communication in 5G networks. In
[2] proposed the interference mitigation techniques including resource allocation, power control
and multiple antenna for D2D communications underlying cellular systems to increase the data
rate of both the cellular users and D2D pairs. In [3], the researcher tries to answer some
important research questions, namely how can cellular channels can be efficiently allocated to
D2D pairs for reuse as an underlay cellular network and how mode selection & power control
approach influence the degree of interference caused by D2D pairs to cellular users. In addition,
the researcher studies the determination of how the quality of D2D communication can be
maintained with factors such as bad channel quality or increased distance. In [4] the researcher
focus on improving the performance of cell-edge users in LTE and LTE-Advanced networks by
initially implementing a new Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technique to support future 5G
networks using smart antennas to mitigate cell-edge user interference in uplink. In [5] the
research work focused on three different bandwidth allocation namely; separate bandwidth
allocation; Overlapping bandwidth allocation and hybrid bandwidth allocation were developed
for three categories of users in order to mitigate the interference between the cellular network
and device-to-device communication network. The bandwidth allocation is done in fairness
among the center users, edge users and the device-to-device users based on users demand in each
network in order to reduce interference. In [6] the researcher introduced an interference
management algorithm that maximizes the performance of D2D communication in LTE-A
networks for both up-link and down-link transmissions. In [7] the authors propose proposing a
scheme of interference management for the HetNet-based multi-tier cellular network on a given
D2D feasible set to better connect QoS for both cellular connections of (small cell and macro
cell) and D2D connections while sharing resources. It is shown that an optimized deployment
scheme can increase the efficiency of Ultra-Dense Networks (UDN) and satisfy QoS
requirements. In [8] a method for reducing interference from D2D communications is proposed
based on Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC).
6. Research Methodology
6.1.
Methodology and procedures
Start
Preliminary study about 5G cellular technology, D2D communication and interference
management techniques
Review related works
Study simulation tools which is MATLAB/OMNeT++
Work on interference mitigation techniques for D2D communication in 5G network.
Is the interference
mitigation technique
meet the requirement?
YES
NO
Simulation
Documentation
End
Figure 1: Thesis development methodology and process
6.2.
Material used
The material used for this thesis are the following
 MATLAB 2020
 Labtop
 5G-NR MATLAB toolbox
 3GPP and ITU-R reference document
 IMT-2020 reference document
7. Work plan
8. Budget
References
[1]
O. Acar, “Interference mitigation for device-to-device based wireless systems,” 2018.
[2]
A. Bernä, A. Mustafa Aziz ALTINKAYA, A. Radosveta Ivanova SOKULLU, and A. Bernä
OZBEK Supervisor, “INTERFERENCE MITIGATION FOR DEVICE-TO-DEVICE BASED
WIRELESS SYSTEMS,” 2018.
[3]
S. A. Boamah, “Interference Management of Inband Underlay Device-to-Device Communication
in 5G Cellular Networks.”
[4]
P. Tinith and A. Pitakanda, “Cooperative Uplink Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) Mitigation in 5G
Networks,” 2016.
[5]
B. Oluwamotemi and T. Favour, “AN INTERFERENCE MITIGATION TECHNIQUE FOR
DEVICE-TO-DEVICE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS BASED ON USER
DISTRIBUTION.”
[6]
R. S and S. G K, “Interference Mitigation and Mobility Management for D2D Communication in
LTE-A Networks,” Int. J. Wirel. Microw. Technol., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 20–31, Mar. 2019, doi:
10.5815/ijwmt.2019.02.03.
[7]
K. H. Alzoubi, M. Bin Roslee, and M. A. A. Elgamati, “Interference Management of D2D
Communication in 5G Cellular Network,” 2019. doi: 10.1109/SOFTT48120.2019.9068629.
[8]
C. Ma, W. Wu, Y. Cui, and X. Wang, “On the Performance of Interference Cancellation in D2Denabled Cellular Networks.”
Underlay resource allocation should be the target of communication engineers in order to exploit the
spectrum to its full potential. The effects of different possible interference can be mitigated with the
proper resource allocation techniques.